Unit 3 Food and Culture
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Many locals are not fond of fish， but Indian c uisine includes a variety of delicious seafood.
2. The cupboard was stuffed (stuff) with old fishing tools.
3. Everyone admired her elegance (elegant) and her beauty.
4. Consumers (consume) had hoped the higher prices would mean more goods in stores. But that was not the case.
5. Exceptionally (exception)， students may be accepted without formal qualifications.
6. This is the key and should be given top priority (prior).
7. When the oil is hot， add the sliced onion (洋葱).
8. There are plenty of vegetarian (vegetable) dishes to choose from.
9. This cake is delicious. I must get the recipe (食谱).
10. James works as an assistant chef (厨师) at a fast-food restaurant.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
prior to consist of
slice off refer to
relate to at a minimum
go hand in hand tend to
1. They formed a team consisting of three British and two Australian players.
2. I was referring to his inappropriate behaviour yesterday when I made those comments.
3. Those with a vivid imagination tend to stand out in some creative work.
4. At a minimum ， you should spend two hours in the evening studying in order to catch up with your classmates.
5. The farmer said that it is important to enrich the soil prior to planting.
6. Generally speaking， poverty and poor health often go hand in hand .
7. The success of his latest business venture is directly related to the choice made by himself.
8. The dough will keep in the freezer for a few months， so you can slice off just a few cookies to bake at a time.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★consist vi.由……组成(或构成)；在于consistent adj.一致的；始终如一的；连续的；相符的consistently adv.一贯地；始终如一地consistency n.一致性；连贯性
【归纳拓展】
consist of 由……组成(或构成)
consist in sth 在于……
be consistent with sth 与……一致
consistent performance 稳定的表现
maintain consistency 保持一致性
lack of consistency 缺乏一致性
【即学即练】
(1)这支团队由五名成员组成。
The team consists of five members.
(2)成功的关键在于努力和坚持。
The key to success consists in hard work and persistence.
(3)他的行为总是与他的言语一致，这使他成为一个值得信赖的人。
His actions are always consistent with his words which makes him a trustworthy person.
(4)她在工作中的稳定表现让她成为同事们的榜样。
Her consistent performance at work has made her a role model for her colleagues.
2. ★consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗consumer n.消费者；用户consumption n.消耗；消费consumable adj.可消耗的；会用尽的 n.消耗品consuming adj.强烈的；耗费精力的
【归纳拓展】
be consumed by/with sth 被……占据(情感)；被……所困扰；被某种情感所支配
consume time/energy/resources
消耗时间/精力/资源
energy consumption 能源消耗
consumable items 消耗品
a consuming passion 强烈的热情
【即学即练】
(1)他被嫉妒心所困扰。
He was consumed by/with jealousy.
(2)我们需要减少能源消耗以保护环境。
We need to reduce energy consumption to protect the environment.
(3)她对音乐有着强烈的热情。
She has a consuming passion for music.
(4)你得为诸如纸张和铅笔之类的消耗品付费。
You will have to pay for consumable items ， such as paper and pencils.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
原句：Tired， hungry， and not knowing a word of Chinese， we had no idea how to order， so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
点睛：英语中，形容词、分词以及由它们构成的短语通常可作状语。
【即学即练】
1. 写出下列句中带黑体部分的语法作用
(1)For a moment she just stood there， unable to believe what had just happened. ( 作伴随状语 )
(2)Afraid of being scolded， for a moment， little Franz thought of playing truant. ( 作原因状语 )
(3)Old or young， they all like these cartoon pictures. ( 作让步状语 )
2. 完成句子
(1)那孩子没意识到火的危险性，用手碰了碰，一根手指烧伤了。
Not realising the danger of fire ， the child touched and got a finger burnt.
(2)读了那篇短文好几遍之后，我终于明白了文章的主旨。
Having read the passage several times ， I finally figured out its main idea.
(3)受到惊吓，她摔掉了手中的杯子。
Shocked and frightened ， she let the glass fall from her hand.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
Food evolves over time. However， what stays unchanged is how the cuisine reflects the unique history， lifestyle， values and beliefs of a country or community. It is the reflection of a culture.
In China， the culture of harmony is a vital feature in almost every aspect of life. It is also reflected in Chinese cuisine， where almost every flavour (salty， spicy， sour， sweet or bitter) is used in a balanced way to create delicious dishes with flavours that go well with each other. The idea of harmony also lies in the relationship between the appearance and the nutrients in Chinese dishes. And it is no wonder why the Chinese cuisine not only tastes delicious and nutritious， but also look as appealing as art.
The cuisine of the United States also reflects its history. When the Europeans first arrived in the Americas， they introduced their ingredients and cooking styles as well. Later in the 20th century， the influx of immigrants from many foreign nations developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.
With the development of globalisation， it is easier to get access to cuisines from different cultures. We should embrace our heritage through our food， and become more informed about other cultures by trying their foods. We should keep in mind that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs， and is unique to those who prepare it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了饮食与文化的关系，即饮食是文化的一种呈现形式，饮食有重要的文化内涵。
( C )1. Which of the following statements shows the idea of harmony in Chinese cuisine？
A. Separating flavours when creating dishes.
B. Mixing flavours randomly when creating dishes.
C. Using flavours in a balanced way when creating dishes.
D. Placing appearance over flavour when creating dishes.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “In China， the culture of harmony is a vital feature…go well with each other.” 可知，中国的饮食讲究各种味道的均衡搭配，这体现了中国传统文化中“和谐”的特点。
( B )2. The underlined word “influx” in Paragraph 3 probably means .
A. appearance B. arrival
C. style D. leaving
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的 “developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country” 可知，只有大量的移民进入之后，才会为饮食文化注入新鲜血液，从而增强饮食文化的多样性。influx意为“(人、资金或事物的)涌入”，与arrival意思相近。
( A )3. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the cuisine of the United States？
A. The arrival of the Europeans influenced the American cuisine.
B. Immigrants from foreign nations developed a rich diversity in food in the early 19th century.
C. The European cooking styles were introduced to America in the 20th century.
D. Americans believe that food needs to be nutritious and appealing.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “When the Europeans first arrived in the Americas， they introduced their ingredients and cooking styles as well.” 可知，欧洲人抵达美洲后，将其食材和烹饪方式带到了美洲大陆，影响了美国的烹饪方式。
Ⅵ. 课文语法填空
Prior to coming to China， my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America， with Chinese food that 1 (change) to suit American tastes.
Later， I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food by 2 (come) to China. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to me and my family by a friend. 3 (tire)， hungry， and not knowing a word of Chinese， we had no idea how to order， 4 the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. With this， we had the pleasure of experiencing an 5 (entire) new taste： Sichuan peppercorns. The food was wonderful and different， but 6 was even more important was the friendship 7 (offer) us. In northern Xinjiang， the traditional foods are what you can cook over 8 open fire—usually boiled or roasted meat.
From south to central China， in each place we experienced wonderful local 9 (dish)， from Guangdong’s elegant dim sum to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan. Everywhere， the food was as varied as the people. However， one thing is always true： Through food， Chinese people everywhere show friendship and 10 (kind).
1. had been changed
【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。根据上下文可知，此处动作应是发生在来中国之前，应用过去完成时；分析句子结构可知，动词和主语构成动宾关系，应使用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been changed。
2. coming
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为had，空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接，应使用非谓语动词；by是介词，后面需要接名词或动名词；come和主语I构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用动词－ing形式作方式状语。
3. Tired
【解析】 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰主语we，应使用形容词形式tired作状语，形容词可以放在句首或句中，用来表示主语的状态或原因；又因空格处位于句首，首字母应大写。
4. so
【解析】 考查连词。空格前后都是完整的句子，因此空格处应填连词；空格处表示因果关系，故填so。
5. entirely
【解析】 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰形容词new，应使用副词形式entirely作new的状语。
6. what
【解析】 考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，并在从句中充当主语，应使用连接代词what。
7. offered
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为was，空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接，应使用非谓语动词；offer和主语friendship构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用动词－ed形式作后置定语。
8. an
【解析】 考查冠词。句意：在新疆北部，传统食物是指那些可以用明火烹饪的食物——通常是煮熟或烤熟的肉类。此处表示泛指，空格处应使用不定冠词；又因open发音以元音音素开头，空格处应使用an。
9. dishes
【解析】 考查名词单复数。空格处意为“菜肴”，dish为可数名词，表示泛指概念，应使用名词复数形式。
10. kindness
【解析】 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，and表并列，前后形式应一致，空格处应使用kind 的名词形式kindness作show的宾语。
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The small startup began to mushroom (迅速发展) into a global company within just a few years.
2. She p eppered her speech with jokes to keep the audience entertained.
3. After his successful business venture， he was rolling in d ough and could afford anything he wanted.
4. The play was ruined by the h am actor who overacted every scene.
5. After studying for weeks， the final exam was a piece of c ake for her.
6. The issue of climate change is a hot p otato that many politicians avoid discussing.
7. After the tire blew out， the car’s wheel was as flat as a p ancake .
8. As the sole breadwinner， he worked hard to bring home the b acon for his family.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——过去完成时以及其被动语态
1. 单句语法填空
(1)At the end of the meeting， it was announced that an agreement had been reached (reach).
(2)By the end of last year， another new gymnasium had been completed (complete) in Beijing.
(3)Experiments of this kind had been conducted (conduct) in both the US and Europe long before the Second World War.
(4)John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it had been damaged (damage) seriously.
(5)He said that he had been shown (show) around Paris.
(6)When they got there， the famous singer had left (leave).
(7)It was the first time that he had met (meet) such a strange kind of car.
(8)The new bridge had been designed (design) by the end of last month.
(9)I found the lecture hard to follow because it had started (start) when I arrived.
(10)Our friendship developed (develop) quickly over the weeks that followed.
2. 根据汉语意思，完成下列句子
(1)他听说票已售完。
He heard that the tickets had already been sold out .
(2)报纸报道说有一百多人在飓风中丧生。
The newspaper reported that more than 100 people had been killed in the hurricane.
(3)他按照老师的吩咐去做那件事。
He did it as the teacher had told him .
(4)到去年年底为止，我们已经生产了20，000辆汽车。
By the end of last year ， we had produced 20，000 cars.
(5)1990年时，他就闻名全世界了。
By 1990 ， he had been known all over the world.
(6)当Jack到达时，他得知Mary已经离开快一个小时了。
When Jack arrived， he learnt Mary had been away for almost an hour .
(7)我们还没到车站，火车就发车了。
The train had left before we reached the station.
(8)这是他那年第三次失业了。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year .
(9)我原本计划今年夏天修法语课程的，但后来计划改变了。
I had planned to take a French course this summer， but I changed the plan later.
(10)我一到车站，公交车就开了。
Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usually， the 1 the idea is， the more it gets noticed. And that’s precisely why one 2 Frenchman has caught our attention.
Baptiste Dubanchet rode across Europe from April， surviving 3 on discarded (丢弃的) food. The three-month， about 1，900－mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet’s 4 of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.
As you can 5 ， the trip is no piece of cake. While restaurants 6 tons of food each year， much of it remains inaccessible because of 7 garbage containers， health regulations， or business policies. Only about one in ten places 8 him food that would otherwise be discarded.
For legal 9 ， most restaurants have a policy against 10 food waste. “Some people have even risked their jobs by giving me food，” Dubanchet said.
What’s 11 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause. Berlin has been the easiest while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. There， he had to 12 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food. The challenge is all the more serious when you consider the 13 exercise required to bike from France to Poland.
“I have to get food fast because after all the biking， I am tired and I need the 14 ，” Dubanchet explained. “Is my stomach full or empty？ That is the most important thing， not what I am eating.”
He aimed to 15 his journey by mid-July. With any luck， he would turn a few more heads in the process.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了来自法国的Baptiste Dubanchet为了唤起人们对食物浪费现象的关注，靠吃人们丢弃的食物完成了从巴黎到华沙的自行车之旅的故事。
( C )1. A. cleverer B. older
C. stranger D. simpler
【解析】 考查形容词。根据下文所描述的Baptiste 骑车穿越欧洲时靠吃人们丢弃的食物来唤起人们对食物浪费的重视的故事可知，Baptiste 的行为不太常见，比较奇怪。
( D )2. A. law-breaking B. sports-loving
C. food-wasting D. garbage-eating
【解析】 考查形容词。根据下文中的 “surviving 3 on discarded (丢弃的) food” 可知，Baptiste 在穿越欧洲的过程中以人们丢弃的食物为食。
( C )3. A. secretly B. finally
C. entirely D. probably
【解析】 考查副词。根据下文作者所描述的这次旅行的时长、距离和意义可知，Baptiste就是想通过如此漫长的旅行来达到自己的目的，因此这一路他一定会坚持完全靠吃人们丢弃的食物来完成这次旅行。
( B )4. A. purpose B. way
C. opinion D. dream
【解析】 考查名词。根据上下文语境可知，这场历时三个月，长达1，900英里，靠吃人们丢弃的食物为生的旅行是Baptiste想唤起人们对于食物浪费现象的认识的方式。
( B )5. A. observe B. imagine
C. suggest D. remember
【解析】 考查动词。根据上下文语境及常识可知，骑自行车穿越欧洲绝非易事，更何况要以人们丢弃的食物为食，此次旅行需要极大的毅力和忍耐力，因此并非是常见的或可以观察到的。
( D )6. A. store up B. cook for
C. shop for D. throw away
【解析】 考查动词短语。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示尽管餐馆每年要扔掉成吨的食物。
( A )7. A. locked B. damaged
C. connected D. abandoned
【解析】 考查形容词。根据上文中的“inaccessible ”可知，人们是不可能轻易碰到这些废弃的垃圾的，因此垃圾桶应当是被锁起来的。
( B )8. A. bought B. offered
C. ordered D. sold
【解析】 考查动词。句意：只有十分之一的餐馆才会把要丢弃的食物给他。根据上下文语境可知，餐馆丢弃的食物并不会拿来售卖，那么Baptiste 所获得的食物当然就是别人给的。
( A )9. A. reasons B. rights
C. fees D. aids
【解析】 考查名词。根据上下文语境可知，法律对于丢弃的食物的处理有所规定。此处表示出于法律方面的原因。
( B )10. A. begging for B. giving away
C. hiding out D. causing for
【解析】 考查动词短语。根据下文中的“Some people have even risked their jobs by giving me food”可知，餐馆员工给Baptiste送食物有丢工作的风险，餐馆应是反对赠送废弃的食物的。
( C )11. A. hardly B. usually
C. particularly D. merely
【解析】 考查副词。句意：特别有趣的是不同的城市对于Baptiste 这场旅行的态度。
( C )12. A. work B. shout
C. ask D. jump
【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的“Berlin has been the easiest while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.”可知，此处描述的是Baptiste在最难获得食物的地方的经历，他想要获得免费的食物一定是要提出请求的。
( C )13. A. adequate B. rewarding
C. demanding D. suitable
【解析】 考查形容词。根据下文中的“required to bike from France to Poland”可知，骑车从法国到波兰并非易事，这是一项耐力运动。demanding 意为“苛求的；需要(耐性等)的”。
( B )14. A. spirit B. energy
C. time D. effort
【解析】 考查名词。根据常识可知，在长时间的运动之后，需要吃些食物来补充能量。
( D )15. A. arrange B. restart
C. report D. finish
【解析】 考查动词。根据第二段中的 “Baptiste Dubanchet rode across Europe from April…”可知，这次骑行从四月开始，此处指Baptiste打算在七月中旬结束骑行。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
There are around 600，000 vegans (素食者) in the UK. That’s just over 1％ of the population—an amount expected to increase to 25％ by 2025. And if there’s one type of food that British people love， it is fast food. People in the UK love it so much that there was a 34％ increase in the number of fast food outlets from 2010 to 2018. It’s no surprise， then， that vegan fast food is also on the rise.
Vegan fast food has become big business. At Just Eat， an online food delivery company， vegan orders more than doubled in 2018. Greggs， a chain of high-street bakeries， named its vegan sausage roll the “fastest-selling product in six years”.
What’s driving this popularity？ Katrina Fox， founder of Vegan Business Media， believes it’s the result of the breaking down of stereotypes (成见). “Vegan food is no longer seen as a bit of lettuce and lentils—you can eat pretty much anything.”
It’s also claimed that there are health benefits. John Marulanda， owner of Mooshies (a vegan burger bar in London)， wants to implement “a change to a healthy version of fast food”.
“Something，” he claims， “that comes as a result of the inherent nutritional value of the ingredients they use.”
But， is vegan fast food actually healthy？ Azmina Govindji of the British Dietetic Association says “not to assume” that is the case. “It’s fine if those products have got vitamin B12， iodine or calcium added to them， but they can still be fried， they can still have lots of creamy， fatty sauces and lots of salt.”
Given the current growth in orders， the trend for vegan fast food isn’t likely to disappear any time soon. Health-wise， it may not be any more nourishing than regular fast food， but for many， the lack of animal suffering involved in the process is a big plus.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了素食快餐在英国越来越受欢迎的原因。同时指出，也有人认为素食快餐并没有那么健康，人们选择它可能是出于对动物的爱。
( D )1. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1？
A. Vegans in the UK are increasing.
B. British people love junk food.
C. Eating too much fast food is bad for health.
D. Vegan fast food is becoming popular in Britain.
【解析】段落大意题。通读第一段的内容可知，本段主要讲述了随着快餐在英国的流行，素食快餐也在英国变得越来越受欢迎。
( C )2. Which might be the reason for the popularity of vegan fast food？
A. Its unique flavours.
B. The change of life pace.
C. Its health benefits.
D. Its colourful decorations.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It’s also claimed that there are health benefits.” 可知，素食快餐流行的原因之一是它对人们的健康有好处。
( A )3. What is Azmina Govindji’s opinion about vegan fast food？
A. It is not so healthy.
B. It is more varied.
C. It is more nutritious.
D. It will soon disappear.
【解析】观点态度题。根据第六段中的 “It’s fine if those products have got vitamin B12， iodine or calcium added to them， but they can still be fried， they can still have lots of creamy， fatty sauces and lots of salt.” 可知，Azmina Govindji 认为素食快餐并没有那么健康，因为它们仍然可以是油炸的，仍含有很多奶油、脂肪酱汁和很多盐。
( C )4. Why do many people tend to vegan fast food according to the last sentence？
A. To keep a balanced diet.
B. For religious reasons.
C. Out of the love for animals.
D. It’s cheaper than regular food.
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “Health-wise， it may not be any more nourishing than regular fast food， but for many， the lack of animal suffering involved in the process is a big plus.” 可知，在健康方面，素食快餐可能不会比普通快餐更有营养，但对于很多人来说，没有动物为此受苦是一大好处。由此推知，许多人选择素食快餐是出于对动物的爱。
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Nutritionists say only 33％ of our c alorie intake should be from fat.
2. She became famous through her association (associate) with the group of poets.
3. There are different categories (category) of books in a library.
4. It was a bad year for new films， in terms of both q uantity and quality.
5. She’s ideally (ideal) suited for this job.
6. They remained fundamentally (fundamental) opposed to the plan.
7. Daniel leaned back on the sofa， still chewing (chew) on his apple.
8. The results are entirely consistent (consist) with our earlier research.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
as to make up
regardless of cut down on
cut out start with
argue over as with
1. The doctor advised him to cut down on drinking.
2. To work out a practicable plan， one has to start with investigation.
3. As with most inventions， Morse borrowed from the ideas of many others in making his telegraph.
4. Several goddesses argued over who was the most beautiful.
5. When the temperature of the room reaches 23 degrees， the heater cuts out .
6. I think it’s very unkind of you to make up stories about him.
7. Jackie and Ben came to a joint decision as to where they would live.
8. The position is open to all qualified applicants regardless of age， race， or gender.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
★trick n.诀窍；计谋；把戏v.欺骗；哄骗tricky adj.狡猾的；棘手的；难处理的trickery n.欺骗；诡计
【归纳拓展】
play a trick on sb 捉弄某人
be up to tricks 搞鬼；调皮
trick sb into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事
trick sb out of sth 从某人处骗走某物
a clever trick 聪明的把戏
a dirty trick 卑鄙的手段
the tricks of the trade 行业门道
【即学即练】
1. 魔术师用一个聪明的把戏让所有人都惊叹不已。
The magician amazed everyone with a clever trick .
2. 他们捉弄他，让他相信商店关门了。
They played a trick on him， making him believe the store was closed.
3. 这个调皮的男孩总是搞鬼。
The mischievous boy is always up to tricks .
4. 他欺骗我签那份合同。
He tricked me into signing the contract.
5. 她被骗走了所有的积蓄。
She was tricked out of all her savings.
6. 我从我的导师那里学到了一些行业门道。
I picked up some tricks of the trade from my mentor.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
1. 原句： Put more simply， while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous， we already know that sugar is a killer.
点睛：英语中，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”的连词有while、though、although、as。需要指出的是，as只用于特殊的句式中，结构通常为：形容词/副词/名词＋as(也可用though)＋主语＋谓语。
【即学即练】
(1)尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。
→ Though/Although he worked hard ， he made little progress.(陈述句式)
→ Hard as/though he worked ， he made little progress.(倒装句式)
(2)尽管他还是个孩子，但他知道什么是该做的事。
→ Though/Although he was a child ， he knew what was the right thing to do.(陈述句式)
→ Child as/though he was ，he knew what was the right thing to do.(倒装句式)
2. 原句：Processed foods often contain less nutrition， and have higher quantities of sugar， salt， and fat than fresh ingredients.
点睛：quantities of表示“大量的”或“许多的”，通常修饰不可数名词或复数名词，谓语用复数形式； a quantity of表示“一定数量的”或“一些”，可以修饰不可数名词或复数名词，谓语通常为单数形式。
【即学即练】
用括号中单词的适当形式填空
(1)So far a large quantity of money has been collected (collect) to help those suffering from the floods.
(2)In the first place， vehicles send out large quantities of poisonous gases which are (be) a major source of air pollution.
(3) Quantities (quantity) of food were sent to earthquake areas from Shandong.
(4)A quantity of fresh vegetables is needed (need) for the salad.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods？ One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid accumulation in your body.
Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked and refined foods. When we cook foods， we destroy the natural enzymes (酶) that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes are intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes， our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances， the result is obesity. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once， the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive tract， where it becomes increasingly acidic. To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste， the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs.
Processed foods contain chemical elements， which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat； as a result， people often overeat. Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens (过敏原) and then store them safely away from the organs as fat， or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste， which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body’s cells. The body’s metabolism (新陈代谢) becomes inactive， and the result is weight gain and obesity.
The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens， even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common.
To stop this vicious circle in its tracks， people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralise the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. It’s also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself， you need to take an active approach.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天然食品对人体的好处，倡导人们多食用这样的健康食品。
( A )1. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that .
A. foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit
B. we’d better be cautious about raw and whole foods
C. it is essential for people to protect their vital organs
D. giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，本段主要讲述了酶如何帮助人们消化食物，从而防止过度肥胖。
( C )2. Processed foods are unhealthy because they .
A. destroy body’s cells
B. stop body’s metabolism
C. may lead to obesity
D. are difficult to digest
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat； as a result， people often overeat…upset the digestive cycle” 可知，加工食品不健康是因为它们含有影响食欲的化学元素，使得人们吃得过多，从而导致肥胖。
( D )3. The underlined word “vicious” in the last paragraph probably means .
A. violent B. progressive
C. positive D. harmful
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段中的 “…makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens， even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common” 可知，此处是指阻止这个恶性循环。vicious意为“恶劣的；严重的”，与harmful意思相近。
( B )4. What is the main purpose of this passage？
A. To warn people of the problem of obesity.
B. To advocate eating more raw and whole foods.
C. To inform people of the harm of processed foods.
D. To tell the differences between raw and processed foods.
【解析】写作意图题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者阐述了为什么人们对天然食品感兴趣，继而阐述了吃天然食品的好处以及吃加工食品的危害。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是倡导读者要多吃天然食品。
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress)
Ⅰ. 完形填空
Have you ever thought what you eat every day can tell people about your hometown？ Have you ever 1 why people from different parts of the world eat different kinds of food？ Have you ever asked yourself 2 certain food plays such an important part in your culture？ There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think.
On a personal level， it is the food of our 3 which we eat while growing up that 4 us as who we are. Many of us associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and sweet memories. 5 a special yet personal value， it relates us to our families.
After we grow up， the food from our families often 6 us in times of frustration and stress. During my childhood， I couldn’t eat rice when I was sick， because I was too 7 . My mother would then bring her homemade soup to my bed. The smell and taste of that soup left a deep impression on me. Now， whenever I’m tired or stressed， I think of my mother’s 8 and hunger for it.
In the 9 sense， food is a significant component of culture. 10 cuisine is passed down from one generation to another. Moreover， it serves as a reflection of 11 identity.
Immigrants bring the food of their countries with them wherever they go. To them， 12 traditional food is a way of preserving their cultures when they move to new places. Continuing to make food from their cultures for family meals is a 13 of pride for their ethnicity and a means 14 cope with homesickness. Besides， many open their own restaurants and 15 traditional dishes in places far away from their hometown.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要从狭义和广义两个角度论述了饮食与文化的关系，即饮食是文化的重要组成部分，文化是饮食的内在要义。
( B )1. A. made B. wondered
C. knew D. associated
【解析】 考查动词。根据上下文语境可知，空格处于文章开头作者提出的几个问题中，因此这几个问句所包含的语气和使用的词汇应当具有相似性。
( A )2. A. why B. where
C. when D. who
【解析】 考查连词。根据下文中的“There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think.”可知，此处作者是在引导读者思考特定食物在文化中扮演着重要角色的原因。
( A )3. A. cultures B. communities
C. regions D. lives
【解析】 考查名词。根据上下文语境可知，本段是从个人的角度论述饮食与文化的关系。
( A )4. A. defines B. chooses
C. makes D. sets
【解析】 考查动词。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示饮食为我们的身份下了定义。define…as…意为“给……下定义；说明”，为固定搭配。
( B )5. A. Leaving B. Holding
C. Making D. Causing
【解析】 考查动词。句意：童年记忆里的食物承载着一种特别的、专属于个人的意义，它让我们与家人之间产生了紧密的联系。
( C )6. A. seeks B. excites
C. comforts D. balances
【解析】 考查动词。根据空格后的“in times of frustration and stress”可知，此处表示家里的食物总是能在我们沮丧或倍感压力时给予我们安慰。
( D )7. A. picky B. frustrated
C. upset D. weak
【解析】 考查形容词。根据上文中的“I couldn’t eat rice when I was sick”可知，作者当时因为生病不能吃米饭，身体应是非常虚弱的。
( D )8. A. meal B. dish
C. rice D. soup
【解析】 考查名词。根据上文中的“My mother would then bring her homemade soup to my bed.”可知，此处指的还是妈妈做的汤。
( C )9. A. small B. high
C. broad D. big
【解析】 考查形容词。根据空格后的“food is a significant component of culture”可知，作者将食物放在了文化这个广泛的范围内论述。in the broad sense 意为“从广义上讲”，与上文中的 “On a personal level” 相对应。
( C )10. A. Delicious B. Memorable
C. Traditional D. Special
【解析】 考查形容词。根据下文中的“passed down from one generation to another”及“…traditional food is a way of preserving…”并结合常识可知，传统美食会随着时间推移而代代相传。
( B )11. A. social B. cultural
C. personal D. national
【解析】 考查形容词。根据上下文语境可知，作者要论述饮食和文化的关系。饮食是文化的重要组成部分，因此饮食也是人们所处文化身份的反映。
( A )12. A. cooking B. helping
C. removing D. learning
【解析】 考查动词。根据上下文语境可知，漂泊在异乡的人们会通过烹饪故乡的传统食物，使其文化得以保存和流传。
( D )13. A. signal B. sign
C. sight D. symbol
【解析】 考查名词。句意：烹饪故乡的传统食物也是一种民族自豪感的象征。a symbol of 意为“……的象征”，其后可以跟表示品质的名词。
( B )14. A. with B. to
C. in D. of
【解析】 考查介词。a means to do sth意为“做某事的一种方式”，此处指继续按照文化传统制作家乡美食也是应对思想之情的一种方式。
( B )15. A. have B. serve
C. bring D. pass
【解析】 考查动词。根据空格前的“many open their own restaurants”可知，人们在异乡开了自己的饭店。serve dish意为“提供菜品”，为固定搭配。
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
Food has always been an integral part of human culture. The way we prepare， consume， and share food reflects our traditions， values， and beliefs.
When people from different cultures come together， food becomes a powerful tool for cultural exchange. It allows individuals to share their cooking traditions， learn about new flavours， and appreciate the diversity of cuisines.
One example of how food bridges cultural gaps is the popularity of ethnic restaurants. These establishments offer a taste of different cultures， allowing people to explore new cuisines and experience the traditions related to them. Whether it’s a Mexican taqueria， an Indian curry house， or a Japanese sushi bar， these restaurants provide a platform where customers can try new dishes， learn about the ingredients and cooking techniques， and gain a deeper understanding of the culture behind the food.
Culinary events also play a crucial role in promoting cultural exchange. These gatherings bring together people from diverse backgrounds， showcasing the richness and diversity of different cuisines. Visitors can try a wide range of dishes， attend cooking demonstrations (演示)， and engage in conversations with chefs and food enthusiasts. These events create a sense of community and help develop cross-cultural understanding.
Moreover， the act of cooking and sharing food can be a powerful way to connect with others. When we invite someone into our homes and cook a meal for them， we are not only providing their bodies with energy but also sharing a part of our cultural identity. Through food， we can communicate our values， traditions， and heritage. It allows us to break down barriers and build relationships based on mutual respect and appreciation.
In today’s globalised world， where people from different cultures often live side by side， food becomes even more important in bridging cultural gaps. It provides a common ground where people can come together， celebrate their differences， and find commonalities.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了食物在文化交流中的重要作用，指出民族餐馆、烹饪活动等都能借助食物促进文化交流，打破文化障碍。
( B )1. Why are ethnic restaurants popular？
A. They serve new food flavours.
B. They offer cultural exchange.
C. They set up cooking platforms.
D. They teach cooking techniques.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One example of how food bridges cultural gaps is the popularity of ethnic restaurants…allowing people to explore new cuisines and experience the traditions related to them.”可知，民族餐馆受欢迎是因为它们提供不同文化的风味，让人们探索新的美食并体验与之相关的传统，能弥合文化差距，提供文化交流的机会。
( C )2. What do the underlined words “culinary events” in Paragraph 4 most likely mean？
A. Lectures on healthy eating habits.
B. Professional cooking competitions.
C. Food-related cultural festivals or activities.
D. Cooking classes teaching traditional recipes.
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“These gatherings bring together people from diverse backgrounds， showcasing the richness and diversity of different cuisines.”可知，画线词与下文中的“These gatherings”构成指代关系，指的是与食物相关的文化节日或活动。
( B )3. How does the author develop the text？
A. Using scientific data.
B. Using many examples.
C. Comparing old and new.
D. Quoting famous opinions.
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“One example of how food bridges cultural gaps is the popularity of ethnic restaurants.”及第四段中的“Culinary events also play a crucial role in promoting cultural exchange. These gatherings…”可知，作者是通过列举例子的方式来展开文本。
( D )4. What is the main idea of the text？
A. Globalisation gives cuisines identities.
B. Traditional cuisines should be protected.
C. Restaurants are the best cultural teachers.
D. Sharing food breaks down cultural barriers.
【解析】主旨大意题。第一段介绍了食物是人类文化的重要组成部分；第二段介绍了不同文化背景的人相聚时，食物成为文化交流的有力工具；第三段介绍了民族餐厅的流行，展示了食物如何弥合文化差异；第四段介绍了烹饪活动在促进文化交流中发挥重要作用；第五段介绍了烹饪和分享食物是与他人建立联系的有力方式；第六段介绍了在全球化世界中，食物在弥合文化差异方面变得更加重要。由此可知，文章主要内容与分享食物能打破文化障碍有关。
Ⅲ. 书面表达
论饮食
文体感知
导读：饮食与人们的生活息息相关，食物的营养、饮食的均衡、有机食品的生产过程、食物的制作方法、食物与传统文化的关系、饮食与健康等，都是与食物有关的常见话题。关于饮食的书面表达一般会要求学生从其中一个角度去论述。文章一般包括主题导入、具体论述、总结三个部分。
【素材】
假定你是李华，你的美国网友Jack来信说他的家人都很喜欢吃中餐，他想知道如何在中餐馆点餐才能吃得更健康。请你用英语给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1. 分量适当，避免浪费；
2. 蔬菜为主，少油少盐；
3. 蒸、煮为佳，少加味精(MSG)。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁 应用文
话题 饮食文化
时态 一般现在时为主
人称 第二人称为主
【词汇】
1. 中餐 Chinese cuisine/food
2. 中餐厅/馆 Chinese canteens/restaurants
3. 主菜 main dishes
4. 热量高 be high in calorie
【句式】
1. 完成句子
(1)主菜的分量经常很大。
Portions of main dishes are typically generous.
(2)当你跟伙伴们在中餐厅吃饭的时候，你最好少点菜。
It’s wise to order fewer dishes when dining with friends at a Chinese restaurant.
(3)如果你在健身，你应该避免尝试诸如烤羊肉串和红烧肉之类的菜。
If you are working on your fitness， it’s best to avoid the dishes such as lamb kebab and red braised pork.
(4)这些菜热量高。
These dishes are high in calories .
2. 句式升级
(1)用表示因果关系的连词省略并连接第1小题中的句(1)和句(2)。
Since main dish portions are typically generous， it’s wise to order fewer dishes when dining with friends at a Chinese restaurant.
(2)用定语从句连接第1小题中的句(3)和句(4)。
If you are working on your fitness，it’s best to avoid the dishes that are high in calories， such as lamb kebab and red braised pork.
【妙笔成篇】
Dear Jack，
I’m delighted to hear that your family enjoys Chinese cuisine！
Chinese cuisine is renowned for its popularity and health benefits， though it can sometimes be high in oil and salt. Additionally， since main dish portions are typically generous， it’s wise to order fewer dishes when dining with friends at a Chinese restaurant. This way， you can share and enjoy everything without over-ordering.
When choosing dishes， opt for those with plenty of vegetables and steamed rice. If you are working on your fitness，it’s best to avoid the dishes that are high in calories，such as lamb kebab and red braised pork. You can also request the chef to use less oil， reduce salt， and avoid MSG in your meals.
Wishing you a delightful dining experience！
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
核心素养提升
(单元复习)
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. adj.＋－ity→n.
prior→ priority n.优先权；优先
real→ reality n.现实
equal→ equality n.平等；均等；相等
complex→ complexity n.复杂性
national→ nationality n.国籍
personal→ personality n.个性
2. adj.(－t结尾)＋－ce→n.
elegant→ elegance n.优美；高雅
competent→ competence n.能力；胜任；本领
intelligent→ intelligence n.智力；才智；智慧
confident→ confidence n.信心；信任；信赖
violent→ violence n.暴力
distant→ distance n. 距离
3. n.(－t/－tion结尾)＋－al→adj.
exception→ exceptional adj.特别的；罕见的
fundament→ fundamental adj.根本的；基础的；基本的
accident→ accidental adj.意外的；偶然的
parent→ parental adj.父母的；双亲的
digit→ digital adj.数字的；数码的
environment→ environmental adj.环境的
4. v.(－te结尾)去－te＋－tion→n.
associate→ association n.协会；关联
motivate→ motivation n.动力；积极性；动机
regulate→ regulation n.规章制度
congratulate→ congratulation n.祝贺
educate→ education n.教育
appreciate→ appreciation n.欣赏；理解；感激
5. v.＋of→及物动词短语
consist of 由……组成(或构成)
die of 死于……
【v.＋of短语拓展】
hear of 听说
talk of 说到
speak of 谈到
dream of 梦到；梦想
6. v.＋to→及物动词短语
refer to 查阅；提到；指的是
apply to 适用于
【v.＋to短语拓展】
appeal to 呼吁；向……请求；对……有吸引力
stick to 坚持
object to 反对
contribute to 有助于；促成；捐献；给……投稿
7. cut＋adv.→及物动词短语
cut down 削减；减少使用；砍倒(树木)
cut out 裁剪；剪出；停止；中断
【cut＋adv.短语拓展】
cut in 插嘴；插话
cut off 切掉；中断(供给)；切断
cut up 切碎；使悲痛
cut through 穿过；挤进
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. Constitution (宪法) is prior to all other laws.
2. Overall (总的来说)， his deeds are consistent with his words. You can rely on him.
3. The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
4. This task is too challenging. It will take three months to complete at a
m inimum .
5. Most of the wine was unfit for human consumption (consume).
6. Mary didn’t follow the r ecipe and the cake came out all wrong.
7. In the c afeteria we serve ourselves. So you can help yourself to whatever you want to eat.
8. The price was s omewhat higher than I’d expected but it was still acceptable.
9. Regardless of the consequences， he has registered in the association (associate).
10. The twin brothers are fundamentally (fundamental) different in character. One is easy to lose his t emper while the other can contain himself.
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. 众所周知，饺子是中国的传统美食。今天在妈妈(家里的主厨)的指导下，李月第一次自己动手包饺子。首先她和了一个软面团，放在一边。然后她把一块猪肉切成薄片，并将其剁碎， 再加入切碎了的卷心菜和胡萝卜。最后她加入各种烹饪材料，包括盐、胡椒粉、橄榄油等。将所有食材搅拌在一起后，她开始把生面团分成多份，用妈妈教给她的诀窍把它们做成一片片圆圆的饺子皮，给每一片饺子皮都装上适量的馅料。看着一个个精美的水饺，她特别有成就感。蘸着醋，拌着蒜，李月嚼着煮得香喷喷的饺子，格外地开心。
As we all know， dumpling is a traditional Chinese cuisine . Today， under the guidance of her mother， the chef at home， it was the first time that Li Yue had made dumplings by herself. First of all， she mixed a soft dough and set it aside. Then she cut a piece of pork into thin slices and cut it up ， putting in chopped cabbage and carrot. Finally she added various ingredients ， including salt， pepper ， olive oil and so on. After mixing all together， she began to divide the dough into many parts and made them into small round wrappers one by one with the tricks her mother taught. Every wrapper was stuffed with a modest amount of stuffing. Looking at the elegant dumplings， she had a special sense of achievement. Dipping in vinegar ， with garlic ， Li Yue was chewing the boiled and delicious dumplings， exceptionally happy.
2. 不管你喜欢中餐还是西餐，我们学校的餐厅都是你理想的选择。中餐里面，我推荐红烧肉、烤羊肉串，还有豆腐，它富含蛋白质、维生素、矿物质还有膳食纤维，但热量却很低。至于西餐，你可以吃到一种特别的比萨——里面有培根、火腿、香肠、洋葱等，你还可以品尝到各式各样的甜点。
Whether you like Chinese food or Western food， our school canteen is your ideal choice. Among Chinese food， I recommend red braised pork ， lamb kebab ， as well as bean curd which is rich in protein， vitamins ， minerals and dietary fibre but low in calories . As for Western food， you can have a special pizza， in which contains bacon ， ham ， sausages ， onions and so on. You can also taste all kinds of desserts .
Ⅳ. 语法精练
1. 单句语法填空
(1)I wish she had taken (take) the medicine last night.
(2)It was three years since Jack had been (be) a teacher.
(3)No sooner had he got (get) home than I told him the inspiring news.
(4)He found that his wallet had been stolen (steal) on the bus.
(5)My classmate said he had given (give) the book to the English teacher before.
(6)They had learnt/learned (learn) about 2，000 English words by the end of last term.
(7)He said he would go to see the play， although he had seen (see) it before.
(8)By the time he was twelve，Edison had begun (begin) to make a living by himself.
(9)It was the second time that Tom had been punished (punish) so seriously.
(10)I had hoped (hope) to go to Hawaii， but I didn’t catch the plane in time.
2. 语篇填空
I had a letter from my sister yesterday. She (1) lives/is living (live) in Nigeria now. In her letter， she said that she (2) would come (come) to England next year. If she comes， she (3) will get (get) a surprise. We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it (4) had begun (begin) before my sister left. The house (5) was completed (complete) five months ago. In my letter， I (6) told (tell) her that she could stay with us. The house (7) has (have) many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It (8) is cleaned (clean) by two ladies every day. It is the only modern house in the district， so it (9) has been taken (take) pictures of by many people since it (10) was built (build).Unit 3 Food and Culture
夯基培优练(一)
(Reading and Thinking)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Many locals are not fond of fish， but Indian c includes a variety of delicious seafood.
2. The cupboard was (stuff) with old fishing tools.
3. Everyone admired her (elegant) and her beauty.
4. (consume) had hoped the higher prices would mean more goods in stores. But that was not the case.
5. (exception)， students may be accepted without formal qualifications.
6. This is the key and should be given top (prior).
7. When the oil is hot， add the sliced (洋葱).
8. There are plenty of (vegetable) dishes to choose from.
9. This cake is delicious. I must get the (食谱).
10. James works as an assistant (厨师) at a fast-food restaurant.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
prior to consist of
slice off refer to
relate to at a minimum
go hand in hand tend to
1. They formed a team three British and two Australian players.
2. I his inappropriate behaviour yesterday when I made those comments.
3. Those with a vivid imagination stand out in some creative work.
4. ， you should spend two hours in the evening studying in order to catch up with your classmates.
5. The farmer said that it is important to enrich the soil planting.
6. Generally speaking， poverty and poor health often .
7. The success of his latest business venture is directly the choice made by himself.
8. The dough will keep in the freezer for a few months， so you can just a few cookies to bake at a time.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★consist vi.由……组成(或构成)；在于consistent adj.一致的；始终如一的；连续的；相符的consistently adv.一贯地；始终如一地consistency n.一致性；连贯性
【归纳拓展】
consist of 由……组成(或构成)
consist in sth 在于……
be consistent with sth 与……一致
consistent performance 稳定的表现
maintain consistency 保持一致性
lack of consistency 缺乏一致性
【即学即练】
(1)这支团队由五名成员组成。
The team five members.
(2)成功的关键在于努力和坚持。
The key to success hard work and persistence.
(3)他的行为总是与他的言语一致，这使他成为一个值得信赖的人。
which makes him a trustworthy person.
(4)她在工作中的稳定表现让她成为同事们的榜样。
Her at work has made her a role model for her colleagues.
2. ★consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗consumer n.消费者；用户consumption n.消耗；消费consumable adj.可消耗的；会用尽的 n.消耗品consuming adj.强烈的；耗费精力的
【归纳拓展】
be consumed by/with sth 被……占据(情感)；被……所困扰；被某种情感所支配
consume time/energy/resources
消耗时间/精力/资源
energy consumption 能源消耗
consumable items 消耗品
a consuming passion 强烈的热情
【即学即练】
(1)他被嫉妒心所困扰。
He jealousy.
(2)我们需要减少能源消耗以保护环境。
We need to reduce to protect the environment.
(3)她对音乐有着强烈的热情。
She has for music.
(4)你得为诸如纸张和铅笔之类的消耗品付费。
You will have to pay for ， such as paper and pencils.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
原句：Tired， hungry， and not knowing a word of Chinese， we had no idea how to order， so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
点睛：英语中，形容词、分词以及由它们构成的短语通常可作状语。
【即学即练】
1. 写出下列句中带黑体部分的语法作用
(1)For a moment she just stood there， unable to believe what had just happened. ( )
(2)Afraid of being scolded， for a moment， little Franz thought of playing truant. ( )
(3)Old or young， they all like these cartoon pictures. ( )
2. 完成句子
(1)那孩子没意识到火的危险性，用手碰了碰，一根手指烧伤了。
， the child touched and got a finger burnt.
(2)读了那篇短文好几遍之后，我终于明白了文章的主旨。
， I finally figured out its main idea.
(3)受到惊吓，她摔掉了手中的杯子。
， she let the glass fall from her hand.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
Food evolves over time. However， what stays unchanged is how the cuisine reflects the unique history， lifestyle， values and beliefs of a country or community. It is the reflection of a culture.
In China， the culture of harmony is a vital feature in almost every aspect of life. It is also reflected in Chinese cuisine， where almost every flavour (salty， spicy， sour， sweet or bitter) is used in a balanced way to create delicious dishes with flavours that go well with each other. The idea of harmony also lies in the relationship between the appearance and the nutrients in Chinese dishes. And it is no wonder why the Chinese cuisine not only tastes delicious and nutritious， but also look as appealing as art.
The cuisine of the United States also reflects its history. When the Europeans first arrived in the Americas， they introduced their ingredients and cooking styles as well. Later in the 20th century， the influx of immigrants from many foreign nations developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.
With the development of globalisation， it is easier to get access to cuisines from different cultures. We should embrace our heritage through our food， and become more informed about other cultures by trying their foods. We should keep in mind that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs， and is unique to those who prepare it.
( )1. Which of the following statements shows the idea of harmony in Chinese cuisine？
A. Separating flavours when creating dishes.
B. Mixing flavours randomly when creating dishes.
C. Using flavours in a balanced way when creating dishes.
D. Placing appearance over flavour when creating dishes.
( )2. The underlined word “influx” in Paragraph 3 probably means .
A. appearance B. arrival
C. style D. leaving
( )3. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the cuisine of the United States？
A. The arrival of the Europeans influenced the American cuisine.
B. Immigrants from foreign nations developed a rich diversity in food in the early 19th century.
C. The European cooking styles were introduced to America in the 20th century.
D. Americans believe that food needs to be nutritious and appealing.
Ⅵ. 课文语法填空
Prior to coming to China， my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America， with Chinese food that 1 (change) to suit American tastes.
Later， I had a chance to experience authentic Chinese food by 2 (come) to China. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to me and my family by a friend. 3 (tire)， hungry， and not knowing a word of Chinese， we had no idea how to order， 4 the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. With this， we had the pleasure of experiencing an 5 (entire) new taste： Sichuan peppercorns. The food was wonderful and different， but 6 was even more important was the friendship 7 (offer) us. In northern Xinjiang， the traditional foods are what you can cook over 8 open fire—usually boiled or roasted meat.
From south to central China， in each place we experienced wonderful local 9 (dish)， from Guangdong’s elegant dim sum to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan. Everywhere， the food was as varied as the people. However， one thing is always true： Through food， Chinese people everywhere show friendship and 10 (kind).
1.
2.
3. 4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. 10.
夯基培优练(二)
(Learning About Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The small startup began to (迅速发展) into a global company within just a few years.
2. She p her speech with jokes to keep the audience entertained.
3. After his successful business venture， he was rolling in d and could afford anything he wanted.
4. The play was ruined by the h actor who overacted every scene.
5. After studying for weeks， the final exam was a piece of c for her.
6. The issue of climate change is a hot p that many politicians avoid discussing.
7. After the tire blew out， the car’s wheel was as flat as a p .
8. As the sole breadwinner， he worked hard to bring home the b for his family.
Ⅱ. 语法突破——过去完成时以及其被动语态
1. 单句语法填空
(1)At the end of the meeting， it was announced that an agreement (reach).
(2)By the end of last year， another new gymnasium (complete) in Beijing.
(3)Experiments of this kind (conduct) in both the US and Europe long before the Second World War.
(4)John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it (damage) seriously.
(5)He said that he (show) around Paris.
(6)When they got there， the famous singer (leave).
(7)It was the first time that he (meet) such a strange kind of car.
(8)The new bridge (design) by the end of last month.
(9)I found the lecture hard to follow because it (start) when I arrived.
(10)Our friendship (develop) quickly over the weeks that followed.
2. 根据汉语意思，完成下列句子
(1)他听说票已售完。
He heard that the tickets .
(2)报纸报道说有一百多人在飓风中丧生。
The newspaper reported that in the hurricane.
(3)他按照老师的吩咐去做那件事。
He did it .
(4)到去年年底为止，我们已经生产了20，000辆汽车。
， we 20，000 cars.
(5)1990年时，他就闻名全世界了。
， he all over the world.
(6)当Jack到达时，他得知Mary已经离开快一个小时了。
When Jack arrived， he learnt Mary .
(7)我们还没到车站，火车就发车了。
before we reached the station.
(8)这是他那年第三次失业了。
It was the third time that .
(9)我原本计划今年夏天修法语课程的，但后来计划改变了。
I this summer， but I changed the plan later.
(10)我一到车站，公交车就开了。
Hardly when the bus started.
Ⅲ. 完形填空
There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usually， the 1 the idea is， the more it gets noticed. And that’s precisely why one 2 Frenchman has caught our attention.
Baptiste Dubanchet rode across Europe from April， surviving 3 on discarded (丢弃的) food. The three-month， about 1，900－mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet’s 4 of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.
As you can 5 ， the trip is no piece of cake. While restaurants 6 tons of food each year， much of it remains inaccessible because of 7 garbage containers， health regulations， or business policies. Only about one in ten places 8 him food that would otherwise be discarded.
For legal 9 ， most restaurants have a policy against 10 food waste. “Some people have even risked their jobs by giving me food，” Dubanchet said.
What’s 11 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause. Berlin has been the easiest while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. There， he had to 12 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food. The challenge is all the more serious when you consider the 13 exercise required to bike from France to Poland.
“I have to get food fast because after all the biking， I am tired and I need the 14 ，” Dubanchet explained. “Is my stomach full or empty？ That is the most important thing， not what I am eating.”
He aimed to 15 his journey by mid-July. With any luck， he would turn a few more heads in the process.
( )1. A. cleverer B. older
C. stranger D. simpler
( )2. A. law-breaking B. sports-loving
C. food-wasting D. garbage-eating
( )3. A. secretly B. finally
C. entirely D. probably
( )4. A. purpose B. way
C. opinion D. dream
( )5. A. observe B. imagine
C. suggest D. remember
( )6. A. store up B. cook for
C. shop for D. throw away
( )7. A. locked B. damaged
C. connected D. abandoned
( )8. A. bought B. offered
C. ordered D. sold
( )9. A. reasons B. rights
C. fees D. aids
( )10. A. begging for B. giving away
C. hiding out D. causing for
( )11. A. hardly B. usually
C. particularly D. merely
( )12. A. work B. shout
C. ask D. jump
( )13. A. adequate B. rewarding
C. demanding D. suitable
( )14. A. spirit B. energy
C. time D. effort
( )15. A. arrange B. restart
C. report D. finish
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
There are around 600，000 vegans (素食者) in the UK. That’s just over 1％ of the population—an amount expected to increase to 25％ by 2025. And if there’s one type of food that British people love， it is fast food. People in the UK love it so much that there was a 34％ increase in the number of fast food outlets from 2010 to 2018. It’s no surprise， then， that vegan fast food is also on the rise.
Vegan fast food has become big business. At Just Eat， an online food delivery company， vegan orders more than doubled in 2018. Greggs， a chain of high-street bakeries， named its vegan sausage roll the “fastest-selling product in six years”.
What’s driving this popularity？ Katrina Fox， founder of Vegan Business Media， believes it’s the result of the breaking down of stereotypes (成见). “Vegan food is no longer seen as a bit of lettuce and lentils—you can eat pretty much anything.”
It’s also claimed that there are health benefits. John Marulanda， owner of Mooshies (a vegan burger bar in London)， wants to implement “a change to a healthy version of fast food”.
“Something，” he claims， “that comes as a result of the inherent nutritional value of the ingredients they use.”
But， is vegan fast food actually healthy？ Azmina Govindji of the British Dietetic Association says “not to assume” that is the case. “It’s fine if those products have got vitamin B12， iodine or calcium added to them， but they can still be fried， they can still have lots of creamy， fatty sauces and lots of salt.”
Given the current growth in orders， the trend for vegan fast food isn’t likely to disappear any time soon. Health-wise， it may not be any more nourishing than regular fast food， but for many， the lack of animal suffering involved in the process is a big plus.
( )1. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1？
A. Vegans in the UK are increasing.
B. British people love junk food.
C. Eating too much fast food is bad for health.
D. Vegan fast food is becoming popular in Britain.
( )2. Which might be the reason for the popularity of vegan fast food？
A. Its unique flavours.
B. The change of life pace.
C. Its health benefits.
D. Its colourful decorations.
( )3. What is Azmina Govindji’s opinion about vegan fast food？
A. It is not so healthy.
B. It is more varied.
C. It is more nutritious.
D. It will soon disappear.
( )4. Why do many people tend to vegan fast food according to the last sentence？
A. To keep a balanced diet.
B. For religious reasons.
C. Out of the love for animals.
D. It’s cheaper than regular food.
夯基培优练(三)
(Using Language)
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Nutritionists say only 33％ of our c intake should be from fat.
2. She became famous through her (associate) with the group of poets.
3. There are different (category) of books in a library.
4. It was a bad year for new films， in terms of both q and quality.
5. She’s (ideal) suited for this job.
6. They remained (fundamental) opposed to the plan.
7. Daniel leaned back on the sofa， still (chew) on his apple.
8. The results are entirely (consist) with our earlier research.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
as to make up
regardless of cut down on
cut out start with
argue over as with
1. The doctor advised him to drinking.
2. To work out a practicable plan， one has to investigation.
3. most inventions， Morse borrowed from the ideas of many others in making his telegraph.
4. Several goddesses who was the most beautiful.
5. When the temperature of the room reaches 23 degrees， the heater .
6. I think it’s very unkind of you to stories about him.
7. Jackie and Ben came to a joint decision where they would live.
8. The position is open to all qualified applicants age， race， or gender.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
★trick n.诀窍；计谋；把戏v.欺骗；哄骗tricky adj.狡猾的；棘手的；难处理的trickery n.欺骗；诡计
【归纳拓展】
play a trick on sb 捉弄某人
be up to tricks 搞鬼；调皮
trick sb into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事
trick sb out of sth 从某人处骗走某物
a clever trick 聪明的把戏
a dirty trick 卑鄙的手段
the tricks of the trade 行业门道
【即学即练】
1. 魔术师用一个聪明的把戏让所有人都惊叹不已。
The magician amazed everyone with .
2. 他们捉弄他，让他相信商店关门了。
They him， making him believe the store was closed.
3. 这个调皮的男孩总是搞鬼。
The mischievous boy is always .
4. 他欺骗我签那份合同。
He the contract.
5. 她被骗走了所有的积蓄。
She all her savings.
6. 我从我的导师那里学到了一些行业门道。
I picked up some from my mentor.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
1. 原句： Put more simply， while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous， we already know that sugar is a killer.
点睛：英语中，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”的连词有while、though、although、as。需要指出的是，as只用于特殊的句式中，结构通常为：形容词/副词/名词＋as(也可用though)＋主语＋谓语。
【即学即练】
(1)尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。
→ ， he made little progress.(陈述句式)
→ ， he made little progress.(倒装句式)
(2)尽管他还是个孩子，但他知道什么是该做的事。
→ ， he knew what was the right thing to do.(陈述句式)
→ ，he knew what was the right thing to do.(倒装句式)
2. 原句：Processed foods often contain less nutrition， and have higher quantities of sugar， salt， and fat than fresh ingredients.
点睛：quantities of表示“大量的”或“许多的”，通常修饰不可数名词或复数名词，谓语用复数形式； a quantity of表示“一定数量的”或“一些”，可以修饰不可数名词或复数名词，谓语通常为单数形式。
【即学即练】
用括号中单词的适当形式填空
(1)So far a large quantity of money (collect) to help those suffering from the floods.
(2)In the first place， vehicles send out large quantities of poisonous gases which (be) a major source of air pollution.
(3) (quantity) of food were sent to earthquake areas from Shandong.
(4)A quantity of fresh vegetables (need) for the salad.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods？ One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid accumulation in your body.
Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked and refined foods. When we cook foods， we destroy the natural enzymes (酶) that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes are intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes， our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances， the result is obesity. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once， the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive tract， where it becomes increasingly acidic. To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste， the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs.
Processed foods contain chemical elements， which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat； as a result， people often overeat. Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens (过敏原) and then store them safely away from the organs as fat， or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste， which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body’s cells. The body’s metabolism (新陈代谢) becomes inactive， and the result is weight gain and obesity.
The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens， even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common.
To stop this vicious circle in its tracks， people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralise the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. It’s also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself， you need to take an active approach.
( )1. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that .
A. foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit
B. we’d better be cautious about raw and whole foods
C. it is essential for people to protect their vital organs
D. giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle
( )2. Processed foods are unhealthy because they .
A. destroy body’s cells
B. stop body’s metabolism
C. may lead to obesity
D. are difficult to digest
( )3. The underlined word “vicious” in the last paragraph probably means .
A. violent B. progressive
C. positive D. harmful
( )4. What is the main purpose of this passage？
A. To warn people of the problem of obesity.
B. To advocate eating more raw and whole foods.
C. To inform people of the harm of processed foods.
D. To tell the differences between raw and processed foods.
夯基培优练(四)
(Writing & Assessing Your Progress)
Ⅰ. 完形填空
Have you ever thought what you eat every day can tell people about your hometown？ Have you ever 1 why people from different parts of the world eat different kinds of food？ Have you ever asked yourself 2 certain food plays such an important part in your culture？ There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think.
On a personal level， it is the food of our 3 which we eat while growing up that 4 us as who we are. Many of us associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and sweet memories. 5 a special yet personal value， it relates us to our families.
After we grow up， the food from our families often 6 us in times of frustration and stress. During my childhood， I couldn’t eat rice when I was sick， because I was too 7 . My mother would then bring her homemade soup to my bed. The smell and taste of that soup left a deep impression on me. Now， whenever I’m tired or stressed， I think of my mother’s 8 and hunger for it.
In the 9 sense， food is a significant component of culture. 10 cuisine is passed down from one generation to another. Moreover， it serves as a reflection of 11 identity.
Immigrants bring the food of their countries with them wherever they go. To them， 12 traditional food is a way of preserving their cultures when they move to new places. Continuing to make food from their cultures for family meals is a 13 of pride for their ethnicity and a means 14 cope with homesickness. Besides， many open their own restaurants and 15 traditional dishes in places far away from their hometown.
( )1. A. made B. wondered
C. knew D. associated
( )2. A. why B. where
C. when D. who
( )3. A. cultures B. communities
C. regions D. lives
( )4. A. defines B. chooses
C. makes D. sets
( )5. A. Leaving B. Holding
C. Making D. Causing
( )6. A. seeks B. excites
C. comforts D. balances
( )7. A. picky B. frustrated
C. upset D. weak
( )8. A. meal B. dish
C. rice D. soup
( )9. A. small B. high
C. broad D. big
( )10. A. Delicious B. Memorable
C. Traditional D. Special
( )11. A. social B. cultural
C. personal D. national
( )12. A. cooking B. helping
C. removing D. learning
( )13. A. signal B. sign
C. sight D. symbol
( )14. A. with B. to
C. in D. of
( )15. A. have B. serve
C. bring D. pass
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
Food has always been an integral part of human culture. The way we prepare， consume， and share food reflects our traditions， values， and beliefs.
When people from different cultures come together， food becomes a powerful tool for cultural exchange. It allows individuals to share their cooking traditions， learn about new flavours， and appreciate the diversity of cuisines.
One example of how food bridges cultural gaps is the popularity of ethnic restaurants. These establishments offer a taste of different cultures， allowing people to explore new cuisines and experience the traditions related to them. Whether it’s a Mexican taqueria， an Indian curry house， or a Japanese sushi bar， these restaurants provide a platform where customers can try new dishes， learn about the ingredients and cooking techniques， and gain a deeper understanding of the culture behind the food.
Culinary events also play a crucial role in promoting cultural exchange. These gatherings bring together people from diverse backgrounds， showcasing the richness and diversity of different cuisines. Visitors can try a wide range of dishes， attend cooking demonstrations (演示)， and engage in conversations with chefs and food enthusiasts. These events create a sense of community and help develop cross-cultural understanding.
Moreover， the act of cooking and sharing food can be a powerful way to connect with others. When we invite someone into our homes and cook a meal for them， we are not only providing their bodies with energy but also sharing a part of our cultural identity. Through food， we can communicate our values， traditions， and heritage. It allows us to break down barriers and build relationships based on mutual respect and appreciation.
In today’s globalised world， where people from different cultures often live side by side， food becomes even more important in bridging cultural gaps. It provides a common ground where people can come together， celebrate their differences， and find commonalities.
( )1. Why are ethnic restaurants popular？
A. They serve new food flavours.
B. They offer cultural exchange.
C. They set up cooking platforms.
D. They teach cooking techniques.
( )2. What do the underlined words “culinary events” in Paragraph 4 most likely mean？
A. Lectures on healthy eating habits.
B. Professional cooking competitions.
C. Food-related cultural festivals or activities.
D. Cooking classes teaching traditional recipes.
( )3. How does the author develop the text？
A. Using scientific data.
B. Using many examples.
C. Comparing old and new.
D. Quoting famous opinions.
( )4. What is the main idea of the text？
A. Globalisation gives cuisines identities.
B. Traditional cuisines should be protected.
C. Restaurants are the best cultural teachers.
D. Sharing food breaks down cultural barriers.
Ⅲ. 书面表达
论饮食
文体感知
导读：饮食与人们的生活息息相关，食物的营养、饮食的均衡、有机食品的生产过程、食物的制作方法、食物与传统文化的关系、饮食与健康等，都是与食物有关的常见话题。关于饮食的书面表达一般会要求学生从其中一个角度去论述。文章一般包括主题导入、具体论述、总结三个部分。
【素材】
假定你是李华，你的美国网友Jack来信说他的家人都很喜欢吃中餐，他想知道如何在中餐馆点餐才能吃得更健康。请你用英语给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1. 分量适当，避免浪费；
2. 蔬菜为主，少油少盐；
3. 蒸、煮为佳，少加味精(MSG)。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁
话题
时态
人称
【词汇】
1. 中餐
2. 中餐厅/馆
3. 主菜
4. 热量高
【句式】
1. 完成句子
(1)主菜的分量经常很大。
are typically generous.
(2)当你跟伙伴们在中餐厅吃饭的时候，你最好少点菜。
fewer dishes when dining with friends at a Chinese restaurant.
(3)如果你在健身，你应该避免尝试诸如烤羊肉串和红烧肉之类的菜。
If you are working on your fitness， the dishes such as lamb kebab and red braised pork.
(4)这些菜热量高。
These dishes are .
2. 句式升级
(1)用表示因果关系的连词省略并连接第1小题中的句(1)和句(2)。
(2)用定语从句连接第1小题中的句(3)和句(4)。
【妙笔成篇】
核心素养提升
(单元复习)
Ⅰ. 词汇类记
1. adj.＋－ity→n.
prior→ n.优先权；优先
real→ n.现实
equal→ n.平等；均等；相等
complex→ n.复杂性
national→ n.国籍
personal→ n.个性
2. adj.(－t结尾)＋－ce→n.
elegant→ n.优美；高雅
competent→ n.能力；胜任；本领
intelligent→ n.智力；才智；智慧
confident→ n.信心；信任；信赖
violent→ n.暴力
distant→ n. 距离
3. n.(－t/－tion结尾)＋－al→adj.
exception→ adj.特别的；罕见的
fundament→ adj.根本的；基础的；基本的
accident→ adj.意外的；偶然的
parent→ adj.父母的；双亲的
digit→ adj.数字的；数码的
environment→ adj.环境的
4. v.(－te结尾)去－te＋－tion→n.
associate→ n.协会；关联
motivate→ n.动力；积极性；动机
regulate→ n.规章制度
congratulate→ n.祝贺
educate→ n.教育
appreciate→ n.欣赏；理解；感激
5. v.＋of→及物动词短语
consist of
die of
【v.＋of短语拓展】
hear of
talk of
speak of
dream of
6. v.＋to→及物动词短语
refer to
apply to
【v.＋to短语拓展】
appeal to
stick to
object to
contribute to
7. cut＋adv.→及物动词短语
cut down
cut out
【cut＋adv.短语拓展】
cut in
cut off
cut up
cut through
Ⅱ. 语境检测
1. Constitution (宪法) is prior all other laws.
2. (总的来说)， his deeds are consistent his words. You can rely on him.
3. The United Kingdom consists Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
4. This task is too challenging. It will take three months to complete at a
m .
5. Most of the wine was unfit for human (consume).
6. Mary didn’t follow the r and the cake came out all wrong.
7. In the c we serve ourselves. So you can help yourself to whatever you want to eat.
8. The price was s higher than I’d expected but it was still acceptable.
9. Regardless of the consequences， he has registered in the (associate).
10. The twin brothers are (fundamental) different in character. One is easy to lose his t while the other can contain himself.
Ⅲ. 语段串记
1. 众所周知，饺子是中国的传统美食。今天在妈妈(家里的主厨)的指导下，李月第一次自己动手包饺子。首先她和了一个软面团，放在一边。然后她把一块猪肉切成薄片，并将其剁碎， 再加入切碎了的卷心菜和胡萝卜。最后她加入各种烹饪材料，包括盐、胡椒粉、橄榄油等。将所有食材搅拌在一起后，她开始把生面团分成多份，用妈妈教给她的诀窍把它们做成一片片圆圆的饺子皮，给每一片饺子皮都装上适量的馅料。看着一个个精美的水饺，她特别有成就感。蘸着醋，拌着蒜，李月嚼着煮得香喷喷的饺子，格外地开心。
As we all know， dumpling is a traditional Chinese . Today， her mother， the at home， it was the first time that Li Yue dumplings by herself. First of all， she mixed a soft and set it aside. Then she cut a piece of into thin and ， putting in chopped and carrot. Finally she added various ， including salt， ， oil and so on. After mixing all together， she began to the dough into many parts and made them into small round wrappers one by one with the her mother taught. Every wrapper a amount of stuffing. Looking at the dumplings， she had a special sense of achievement. Dipping in ， with ， Li Yue was the boiled and delicious dumplings， happy.
2. 不管你喜欢中餐还是西餐，我们学校的餐厅都是你理想的选择。中餐里面，我推荐红烧肉、烤羊肉串，还有豆腐，它富含蛋白质、维生素、矿物质还有膳食纤维，但热量却很低。至于西餐，你可以吃到一种特别的比萨——里面有培根、火腿、香肠、洋葱等，你还可以品尝到各式各样的甜点。
Whether you like Chinese food or Western food， our school is your choice. Among Chinese food， I recommend ， ， as well as which is rich in protein， ， minerals and dietary but low in . Western food， you can have a special pizza， in which contains ， ， ， and so on. You can also taste all kinds of .
Ⅳ. 语法精练
1. 单句语法填空
(1)I wish she (take) the medicine last night.
(2)It was three years since Jack (be) a teacher.
(3)No sooner he (get) home than I told him the inspiring news.
(4)He found that his wallet (steal) on the bus.
(5)My classmate said he (give) the book to the English teacher before.
(6)They (learn) about 2，000 English words by the end of last term.
(7)He said he would go to see the play， although he (see) it before.
(8)By the time he was twelve，Edison (begin) to make a living by himself.
(9)It was the second time that Tom (punish) so seriously.
(10)I (hope) to go to Hawaii， but I didn’t catch the plane in time.
2. 语篇填空
I had a letter from my sister yesterday. She (1) (live) in Nigeria now. In her letter， she said that she (2) (come) to England next year. If she comes， she (3) (get) a surprise. We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it (4) (begin) before my sister left. The house (5) (complete) five months ago. In my letter， I (6) (tell) her that she could stay with us. The house (7) (have) many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It (8) (clean) by two ladies every day. It is the only modern house in the district， so it (9) (take) pictures of by many people since it (10) (build).
