Unit 1核心素养测评卷
选择题部分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
( B )1. Why does the man apologise to the woman？
A. He pressed the wrong button.
B. He dropped her iPad.
C. He broke her purse.
W： I have to get something out of my purse. Will you hold this for me？
M： Sure. Oops. I accidentally let the iPad fall. Is it broken？
W： Let me have a look. The home button， the power button…Don’t worry. Everything is OK.
( C )2. What will the man do next？
A. Have a get-together.
B. Visit a company.
C. Attend a meeting.
W： Mike and I are getting together for dinner. Do you want to come with us？
M： Yeah， that would be nice. I have a meeting in about ten minutes. I can meet you afterward if that’s OK.
W： That’s fine. Who is you meeting with？
M： The Boston Insurance Company.
( C )3. What is the relationship between the speakers？
A. Father and daughter.
B. Mother and son.
C. Brother and sister.
M： Mom saw that I needed a new backpack， so she’s going to take us shopping today！
W： I wonder if I will get some new shoes today.
M： Why？ You already have so many！
W： Those don’t fit me anymore.
( B )4. How does the man feel about the woman？
A. Bored.
B. Surprised.
C. Annoyed.
M： Hey Mary， I’m tired. Would you mind driving for a while？
W： I would like to， but I don’t know how to drive.
M： Really？ Don’t you have a license？ I thought everyone had a license.
( B )5. What are the speakers talking about？
A. Shopping lists.
B. Eating habits.
C. Cooking methods.
W： Do you cook vegetables？
M： I cook vegetables or I eat vegetables fresh. For example， I’ll cut up a cucumber， and put some salt on it and eat with my lunch.
W： I love vegetable sticks， carrot sticks， cucumber sticks.
第二节 (共15 小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
( C )6. Who is the man asking for？
A. Eric.
B. Laura.
C. Heather.
( A )7. What will the woman do in about 20 minutes？
A. Pass on a message.
B. Make a phone call.
C. Go shopping.
W： Hello？
M： Hi， is Heather there， please？
W： Sorry， I think you have the wrong number.
M： Is this 617－228－2289？
W： Yes. Who are you looking for again？
M： Heather Johnson.
W： Oh， I thought you said Laura， but Heather’s not here right now. She went to the store to buy some groceries. Would you like to leave a message？
M： Yes， would you please tell her Eric Martin called？
W： OK. Heather will be back in about 20 minutes. I’ll tell her you called.
M： Thanks.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
( B )8. What could the man see out of the window？
A. A street.
B. A parking lot.
C. A garden.
( A )9. What was the man disappointed at about the room？
A. The fridge.
B. The coffee maker.
C. The TV.
W： Is your room okay？
M： Well， it’s certainly big enough. There’s also plenty of space in the bathroom.
W： That’s good.
M： I wish I had a view of the garden of the hotel， though. There’s nothing to see except the cars in the parking garage.
W： You could always change.
M： I guess so， but I can’t be bothered. Anyway， it’s great to have a big， flat-screen TV. There’s also a coffee maker， so I can make coffee whenever I want it. I was a little disappointed that there was nothing—not even a bottle of water—in the refrigerator when I checked in. But I called down and asked them to fill it up， and they did that right away.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
( B )10. How much did the man weigh two months ago？
A. About 150 pounds.
B. About 160 pounds.
C. About 170 pounds.
( A )11. How did the woman know how to lose weight？
A. From a book.
B. From an advisor.
C. From a cook.
( A )12. What does the man plan to do？
A. Change his diet.
B. Learn about an author.
C. Start to exercise regularly.
M： Wow， I’m really getting fat. I’ve gained 10 pounds in the last two months.
W： How much do you weigh？
M： I think about 170 pounds.
W： Do you exercise regularly？
M： Not recently， because I’m meeting a tight deadline.
W： What kind of foods do you eat？
M： I usually get takeout or fast food because I don’t have enough time to cook.
W： I was reading a diet book the other day. It said that if you eat meat and nothing else， you’ll lose weight quickly. One of my friends told me he tried it and lost 20 pounds.
M： That sounds good， but I’m not sure how long I could do that. Well， I think I’m going to try it anyway. Who’s the author？
W： I can’t remember. It’s not that popular. When I get home I’ll check and give you a call.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
( B )13. What is the woman？
A. A salesperson.
B. A student.
C. A shopkeeper.
( A )14. What does the man think of Lana’s dog？
A. Frightening.
B. Lovely.
C. Tiny.
( C )15. Who is Rover？
A. The woman’s friend.
B. The man’s boss.
C. Lana’s pet.
( C )16. Why will the man go to the shopping centre？
A. To meet Lana.
B. To have a wander.
C. To buy a pair of shoes.
W： Hey， Joe！ It’s good to see you.
M： I haven’t seen you for a few days. How’s it going？
W： Not bad. I’m so busy with the classes I’m taking. How about you？
M： I’m okay. My job’s really busy this time of year， too. You know， it’s the sales season now. My boss requires higher sales. What’s new with you？
W： Nothing much. I’m on my way to the shopping centre. Hey， do you remember Lana？ She’s over there. She’s always at the shopping centre！
M： Who？ Oh yeah. I remember Lana. She’s the one with the scary-looking dog. I don’t want to hang out with that dog！
W： Ha！ You aren’t afraid of that lovely tiny dog， are you？ Well， I’m sure Rover isn’t there.
M： Actually， I’m headed to the shopping centre later， anyway. There’s a huge sale going on. I think they’re open extra late. If I get there before you leave， maybe I’ll see you. I’m not leaving until I have some new shoes！
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
( B )17. When did the speaker’s family start their travelling？
A. On May 1st.
B. On May 5th.
C. On May 6th.
( A )18. How did the speaker’s family go to Shillong from Guwahati？
A. By car.
B. By taxi.
C. By train.
( C )19. What do we know about Shillong？
A. The climate wasn’t good.
B. The transport wasn’t convenient.
C. There weren’t many tourist attractions.
( A )20. What did the speaker’s family do at the end of their vacation？
A. They admired the sunrise.
B. They visited tea gardens.
C. They explored thick forests.
The summer vacation in New Delhi begins in May 1st every year. Much before it began we started planning how to spend it. I suggested that we should go to Shillong. But my sister insisted that we see Darjeeling. My father decided that we would go to both places with one month’s stay at each place.
So， it was decided that we would be going first to Shillong and then to Darjeeling. We left the New Delhi Railway Station four days after the vacation began. It was a very long and tiring journey. The train reached Guwahati in the evening.
The next day， early in the morning we drove to Shillong. We stayed there for nearly a month in the hotel. The climate was no doubt cool and pleasant， but there were very few places of interest.
We left Shillong on June 4th. On our way to Darjeeling， we travelled by train. We saw thick forests and beautiful tea gardens. We reached Darjeeling at about noon. We took a taxi and went to a hotel where reservations had been earlier arranged by my father. One day we went to the Tiger Hills by taxi at 4 a.m. to enjoy the famous sunrise. It was a wonderful sight which we had never seen before. And that was the last day of our vacation.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Girls took the top prizes at the Broadcom MASTERS， a science competition for middle school students.
Alaina Gassler
Alaina won the $25，000 Samueli Foundation Prize for the project of reducing blind spots in cars. She was inspired to solve this issue by her mother who didn’t like driving her vehicle because its large A-pillar (A柱) design made her feel in danger. “I started to think about how blind spots were a huge problem in all cars，” said Alaina. So she worked on and solved it.
Sidor Clare
Sidor won the $10，000 Marconi/Samueli Award for Innovation， an honour made by Samueli’s generous donation of his 2012 Marconi Society Prize Award. She developed bricks that could one day be made on Mars， so that humans wouldn’t be required to carry building materials with them in order to build there.
Alexis MacAvoy
Alexis won the $10，000 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Award for Health Advancement， which recognised the student whose work and performance showed the most promise in health-related fields and demonstrated an understanding of the many social factors that affect health. She designed a water filter (过滤器) by using carbon to remove heavy metals from water.
Rachel Bergey
Rachel won the $10，000 Lemelson Award for Invention， awarded by the Lemelson Foundation to a young inventor creating promising solutions to real-world problems. She developed a trap made of tinfoil (锡纸) and netting for the spotted lanternfly， an invasive species causing damage to trees.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四位在Broadcom MASTERS科学竞赛中获奖的女孩及其创新项目。
( B )21. What is the purpose of Alaina Gassler’s invention？
A. To beautify vehicles.
B. To improve the safety of driving.
C. To decorate the sidewalk for the blind.
D. To reduce the carbon released from cars.
【解析】细节理解题。根据Alaina Gassler部分中的“‘I started to think about how blind spots were a huge problem in all cars， said Alaina.’”可知，Alaina发明的目的是提高驾驶安全。
( D )22. Whose invention is related to human health？
A. Alaina Gassler’s.
B. Sidor Clare’s.
C. Rachel Bergey’s.
D. Alexis MacAvoy’s.
【解析】细节理解题。根据Alexis MacAvoy部分中的“Alexis won the $10，000 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Award for Health Advancement， which…that affect health.”可知，Alexis MacAvoy的发明与人类健康有关。
( C )23. What is the Broadcom MASTERS about？
A. Art. B. Sport.
C. Technology. D. Education.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Girls took the top prizes at the Broadcom MASTERS， a science competition for middle school students.”可知，Broadcom MASTERS主要与科技有关。
B
When Charles Babbage was working at Cambridge， a new idea occurred to him. He wanted to construct a calculating machine to work out the solutions to maths problems not only with correctness but also with a speed beyond the power of any human mind. His machine could solve problems involving long rows of figures in one continuous operation.
In 1822， Babbage exhibited his invention and won a prize from the government. After that， he immediately started to work on a larger machine designed to solve more difficult problems. Although he received some money left by his father， the money was not enough to support his design. He wrote to the government about his plan and was given ￡2，500 to start with， a sum worth much more in those days than it is now.
Babbage continued his work in London for four years. Then his health broke down， and he had to take a long holiday abroad. When he returned to London in 1828， he was at the end of his resources. Many bills remained unpaid. His chief assistant and co-workers quarreled with him and left with many expensive tools. For one year no work was done. During this period， Babbage， whose mind was always active， suddenly thought of a completely new idea for the machine. He rushed to meet the government officials to explain his new idea. But this time， they were unwilling to help him. For eight years， they refused to say whether they wanted it or not， and their final answer was “No”.
From 1828 to 1839， Babbage held the position of professor at Cambridge very successfully. But his greatest work was the unfinished calculating machine which stood covered in dust in his house. It was the beginning of the modern computer.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Charles Babbage (查尔斯·巴贝奇)在剑桥大学工作时专心从事于计算机方面的研究的故事。虽然他因资金不足不得不中断研究，但他给后辈们留下了一份极其珍贵的精神财富。
( D )24. The machine Babbage wanted to design would solve difficult maths problems .
A. in one operation with few mistakes
B. in more than one operation without any mistakes
C. in more than one operation with slight mistakes
D. in one operation without any mistakes
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“not only with correctness but also with a speed”及“solve problems…in one continuous operation”可知，这种机器只要操作一次就能准确、快速地得出结果。
( B )25. Babbage failed to continue his research work in 1828 mainly because .
A. he was in poor health
B. he almost ran out of money
C. his co-workers argued with him
D. he spent all his money on his bills
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When he returned to London in 1828， he was at the end of his resources. Many bills remained unpaid.”可知，Babbage回到伦敦后，他的财产快用完了，且还有很多账单未付。
( C )26. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to？
A. The idea.
B. The government.
C. The machine.
D. The bill.
【解析】代词指代题。根据画线词前面的“suddenly thought of a completely new idea for the machine”可知，it指代的是the machine。
( D )27. From the passage， we can infer that .
A. Babbage failed to be a famous scientist at Cambridge
B. Babbage had new ideas but gave them up easily
C. Babbage always needed support from the government officials
D. Babbage was the first designer of the modern computer
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It was the beginning of the modern computer.”可知，Babbage是现代计算机的最初设计者。
C
Scientists from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HIPS) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences have designed a wristwatch that can measure essential chemicals in body sweat. Their findings were published in the journal ACS Nano.
Sweat contains electrolytes (电解质)， primarily sodium， potassium and calcium. The balance of these essential minerals is crucial for supporting muscle function， nerve health and regular heartbeat. The wristwatch collects sweat from the skin and analyses it in real time using a sensor chip with a sensitive membrane. When sweat enters the device， it will come into contact with the membrane that contains three tubes capable of measuring sodium， potassium and calcium levels， respectively.
Although they are not the first to invent sweat sensors， the Chinese researchers emphasised the wristwatch’s solid interface for long-term reliability. “It surpasses the stability of many other sensors by consistently monitoring human sweat for over six months，” said the lead researcher Huang Xingjiu.
Since athletes use electrolyte drinks to counteract (抵消) the loss of energy and refill it， researchers in the study measured the sweat composition of these chemicals in athletes running long distances. The accuracy reached about 95 percent when compared to the standard detection method.
When there are electrolyte abnorma-lities， the device will remind users to supplement (补充) them quickly. The aim of developing this device is to provide warnings for electrolyte loss and reduce exercise-related injury risks.
For ordinary people， the traditional electrolyte test requires samples of body fluids taken in hospitals. The new wristwatch has the potential to serve as an alternative to needles for measuring electrolytes.
The next goal of the research team is to design various sensitive membrane materials for monitoring more information. The researchers noted that compared to popular fitness watches on the market， the device they designed is larger and heavier， making it less comfortable to wear. However， they expect to develop wearable sweat sensors suitable for market applications in the next five years. The team of researchers also aims to adapt the device for environmental monitoring.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款可以测量汗液中的必需化学物质以监测人体健康情况的手表。
( A )28. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？
A. The working principle of the device.
B. The composition of sweat.
C. The function of a particular sensor.
D. The balance of the minerals.
【解析】段落大意题。通读第二段的内容可知，本段介绍了该手表的工作原理，该手表能实时分析汗液中的电解质，帮助监测身体状态。
( D )29. Which of the following is the advantage of the wristwatch？
A. Accurate and popular.
B. Large and wearable.
C. Convenient and comfortable.
D. Reliable and stable.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the Chinese researchers emphasised the wristwatch’s solid interface for long-term reliability”及“It surpasses the stability of many other sensors by consistently monitoring human sweat for over six months”可知，该手表的优点是性能可靠且稳定。
( B )30. What does the author imply in the last paragraph？
A. The wristwatch has no equal now.
B. The product hasn’t hit the market yet.
C. The researchers are content with the product.
D. The device will be definitely put into extensive use.
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The researchers noted that…the device they designed is larger and heavier…However， they expect to develop wearable sweat sensors suitable for market applications in the next five years.”可知，该产品佩戴舒适度欠佳，且需未来五年开发适用市场的版本，所以应该尚未上市。
( B )31. What is the purpose of the passage？
A. To provide warnings for readers to reduce risks.
B. To introduce a new product on monitoring health.
C. To inform the readers of the importance of electrolytes.
D. To analyse the relationship between sweat and health.
【解析】写作意图题。根据第一段中的“Scientists…have designed a wristwatch that can measure essential chemicals in body sweat.”并结合下文内容可知，作者写本文的目的是介绍一款可以测量汗液中的必需化学物质以监测人体健康情况的手表。
D
Climate models can give us a preview of how humanity’s actions or inaction will change our planet over the coming decades and centuries. But because the planet is such a complex system， they aren’t perfect： Climate models have uncertainties that grow larger as they go farther into the future. Scientists and engineers from across the world are teaming up to build a new type of climate model that is designed to provide more precise and actionable predictions.
Current climate modeling relies on dividing up the globe into a grid (格子) and then computing what is going on in each sector of the grid， as well as how the sectors interact with each other. Limitations in available computer processing power mean that those sectors generally cannot be any smaller than tens of kilometres per side. But for climate modeling， the devil is in the details—details that get missed in a too-large grid. “For cities planning their storm water management facilities to resist the next 100 years of floods， this is a serious issue. Concrete answers about the likely range of climate outcomes are key for planning，” says Tapio Schneider， a senior research scientist at Climate Modeling Alliance (CliMA).
Weighing recent advances in the computational and data sciences， the team plans to step up collaboration of the partners， as each partner brings a different strength and research expertise to the project. “Our goal is a new model that projects future changes in critical variables such as cloud cover， sea ice extent， and rainfall more accurately—with uncertainties at least half the size of those in existing models.” says Dr Andrew， the team leader.
One doubter about the application of climate models is Raffaele Ferrari， a Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Oceanography at MIT. “Using a model， we become puppeteers， masters of a giant system that is， in truth， beyond human control. We can cool or heat the planet at will， add salt or ice or rain or dust in any amount we want，” Dr Ferrari says. “We have no backup planet. How climate models are used remains to be seen.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候模型的相关信息，并解释了其工作原理、存在的局限性，以及科学家们如何努力改进气候模型以提高预测的准确性和实用性。
( C )32. Why are climate models built？
A. To collect scientific data.
B. To monitor human actions.
C. To deliver useful forecasts.
D. To maintain social systems.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Climate models can give us a preview of how humanity’s actions or inaction will change our planet…”及“Scientists and engineers…build a new type of climate model that is designed to provide more precise and actionable predictions.”可知，建立气候模型是为了提供有用的预测。
( C )33. What is the problem of current climate modeling？
A. Shortage of facilities.
B. Reliance on computers.
C. Inability to get smaller grids.
D. Limitation in simplifying details.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Limitations in available computer processing power mean that those sectors generally cannot be any smaller than tens of kilometres per side. But for climate modeling…details that get missed in a too-large grid.”可知，当前气候模型存在的问题是较大的网格尺寸导致模型无法捕捉到更小尺度的气候细节。
( D )34. What does the team aim to do？
A. Investigate serious issues.
B. Guarantee the safety of the city.
C. Change the future climate.
D. Improve the accuracy of the models.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Our goal is a new model that projects future changes in critical variables such as cloud cover， sea ice extent， and rainfall more accurately”可知，团队的目标是提高这个气候模型的准确性。
( D )35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A. Climate models enjoy great popularity.
B. Scientists have created a new climate model.
C. Doubts about climate models are disappearing.
D. Caution is advised in the use of climate models.
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We have no backup planet. How climate models are used remains to be seen.”可知，Ferrari警告人们如何使用气候模型还有待观察，所以在使用气候模型时应谨慎。
第二节 (共 5小题；每小题 2.5分，满分 12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Huang Xuhua’s legacy as China’s nuclear submarine pioneer embodies the triumph of intellect over adversity. His journey began in 1926， Guangdong， where a childhood enthusiasm for machinery saw him disassembling complex devices and accurately reassembling them. 36 This amazing talent secured his place in Shanghai Jiao Tong University’s naval architecture programme， shaping his destiny.
When tasked in 1958 with developing China’s first nuclear submarine， Huang faced great obstacles： zero foreign technical support and scarce resources. 37 Astonishingly， his team verified the precision of hull curvature (船体曲率) using chicken bones as hydrodynamic models. Such ingenuity made up for the lack of supercomputers.
The project’s secrecy demanded extraordinary sacrifice. For three decades， Huang’s family believed he worked at an ordinary factory. 38 His mother only discovered his true mission in 1987 through a magazine article， tearfully embracing her son who had prioritised national duty over family obligations.
39 Contrary to global practice where designers observe from land， he insisted on boarding the submarine. This successful 300－metre dive cleared up technological skepticism and established China’s naval strength.
In his 90s， Huang advocated integrating traditional craftsmanship with AI-driven simulations. 40 His life’s philosophy—“scientific rigour (严谨) and patriotic devotion are inseparable”—perfectly demonstrated how individual devotion intertwined with national revival.
A. He reinstalled a wall clock successfully after taking it down.
B. Huang redefined the leadership during the 1988 deep-dive test.
C. His sisters thought he performed routine maintenance tasks daily.
D. Colleagues remember equations covering his office walls for years.
E. Critics argued traditional methods couldn’t achieve millimetre precision.
F. Historical records showed 90 percent of technical solutions required original innovation.
G. He instructed youths to balance technological advancement with ethical responsibility.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了黄旭华作为中国核潜艇先驱的一生及其贡献。
36. A
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文中的“His journey began in 1926， Guangdong， where a childhood enthusiasm for machinery saw him disassembling complex devices and accurately reassembling them.”可知，空格前讲述了黄旭华童年时的天赋，空格处会通过具体事例来展现其天赋，选项A“他把挂钟拆下来后，又成功地重新把它安装回了原位”符合语境。
37. F
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文中的“When tasked in 1958 with developing China’s first nuclear submarine， Huang faced great obstacles： zero foreign technical support and scarce resources.”可知，空格处会提到黄旭华所面临的具体的困难，选项F“历史记录显示，90％的技术解决方案需要原始创新”符合语境。
38. C
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文中的“The project’s secrecy demanded extraordinary sacrifice. For three decades， Huang’s family believed he worked at an ordinary factory.”可知，空格处会提到在黄旭华家人眼中他每天的具体工作内容，选项C“他的姐妹们认为他每天都在做日常维护工作”符合语境。
39. B
【解析】 考查段落大意。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述了黄旭华坚持亲自下潜300米，打破全球常规，成功消除技术质疑，选项B“在1988年的深潜测试中，黄旭华重新定义了领导力”能概括本段段落大意。
40. G
【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据下文中的“His life’s philosophy—‘scientific rigour (严谨) and patriotic devotion are inseparable’—perfectly demonstrated how individual devotion intertwined with national revival.”可知，空格处会提到黄旭华对于后辈的教诲，选项G“他教导年轻人在技术进步和道德责任之间取得平衡”符合语境。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分 30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist？ A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full use of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 41 on obvious facts， and therefore 42 to accept authority as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas 43 and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 44 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon， the wonderful philosopher of Oxford. He was probably the first person in the Middle Ages to 45 that we should learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us， and he himself 46 many important truths.
However， Galileo， who lived more than 300 years later， was the greatest of several great men in Italy， France， Germany， and England， who began to show how many important 47 could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo， learned men believed that large bodies fell more 48 towards the earth than small ones， because Aristotle said so. But Galileo went to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped two 49 stones， proving Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo’s 50 of going directly to nature， and proving our 51 and theories by experiment， that has 52 the discoveries of modern science.
What 53 those people good scientists？ From the example of Galileo， we can see 54 that successful scientists are those whose observations have 55 better results.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了成功的科学家应该具备的科学的观察和实验精神。
( B )41. A. dependent B. based
C. insisted D. centred
【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的“He makes full use of the facts he observes.”可知，一名成功的科学家利用的是观察到的事实，所以不接受没有事实根据的想法。be based on意为“以……为基础”，为固定短语。
( A )42. A. refuses B. desires
C. intends D. regrets
【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的“He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 41 on obvious facts”可知，此处存在因果关系，成功的科学家不接受没有事实根据的想法，因此拒绝接受将权威视为获取真理的唯一途径这一观点真相。
( B )43. A. casually B. carefully
C. quickly D. privately
【解析】 考查副词。根据空格后的“and makes experiments to prove them”可知，此处介绍成功科学家的品质，他们会仔细检查想法并做实验来验证想法。
( C )44. A. look B. keep
C. date D. turn
【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的“The rise of modern science”及空格后的“as far back as the time of Roger Bacon…He was probably the first person in the Middle Ages”并结合常识可知，此处指现代科学的兴起可追溯到罗杰·培根所处的时代。
( D )45. A. command B. suspect
C. predict D. conclude
【解析】 考查动词。根据空格后的“that we should learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知，此处为培根得出的结论即人们应该通过对周围的事物进行观察和实验来学习科学。
( C )46. A. brought B. recorded
C. discovered D. announced
【解析】 考查动词。根据空格后的“many important truths”并结合上文语境可知，培根提倡通过观察和实验来学习科学，他本人通过这种方式也发现了很多重要的真理。
( A )47. A. truths B. problems
C. investigations D. subjects
【解析】 考查名词。根据上文中的“many important truths”及空格后的“could be discovered by observation”可知，很多真理可以通过观察而被发现，truths为原词复现。
( B )48. A. slowly B. rapidly
C. lightly D. heavily
【解析】 考查副词。根据下文中的“proving Aristotle was wrong”并结合常识可知，此处介绍的是亚里士多德曾说过的一个错误观点：大的物体比小的物体下落得更快。
( D )49. A. big B. small
C. similar D. unequal
【解析】 考查形容词。根据上文中的“large bodies”及“small ones”可知，此处指伽利略使用了两块不同重量的石头。
( A )50. A. spirit B. skill
C. theory D. wish
【解析】 考查名词。根据空格后的“going directly to nature， and proving our 51 and theories by experiment”并结合上文语境可知，伽利略通过实验来验证前人的观点，追求事物的本质，这是科学精神的具体体现。
( B )51. A. plans B. opinions
C. rules D. abilities
【解析】 考查名词。根据空格前的“proving”及空格后的“and theories by experiment”可知，此处指通过实验证明观点和理论。
( A )52. A. led to B. come with
C. set up D. put forward
【解析】 考查动词短语。根据空格前的“proving our 51 and theories by experiment”及空格后的“the discoveries of modern science”可知，正是伽利略用实验来验证事实的精神带来了现代科学的伟大发现。
( D )53. A. promises B. prevents
C. considers D. makes
【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的“Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist？”可知，此处指是什么让这些人成为优秀的科学家。
( B )54. A. likely B. clearly
C. naturally D. unwillingly
【解析】 考查副词。根据上文中的“It is Galileo’s 50 of going directly to nature， and proving our 51 and theories by experiment”可知，成功的科学家是那些善于观察、敢于实践和挑战权威的人，这一点从伽利略的事例中可以很清楚地看出。
( C )55. A. foreseen B. rejected
C. produced D. challenged
【解析】 考查动词。根据空格后的“better results”可知，此处指那些科学家们的观察产生了更好的结果。
非选择题部分
第二节 (共 10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cao Yuan was on top of 56 most important scientists named by the journal Nature in 2018 for 57 (discover) a “magic angle” in graphene (石墨烯).
Cao’s discovery takes a huge step in the decades-long search for superconductors (超导体) in the world. Why was Cao able to make the discovery？ His teachers think it is Cao’s independent learning ability and interest in doing experiments 58 matter. His high school physics teacher said Cao had a strong ability to study on 59 (he) own and was brave to challenge teachers and ask difficult questions. “Cao is 60 (deep) curious about laboratory equipment，” his college teacher told Nature. “Every time I go into Cao’s office， it’s 61 a huge mess， with computers 62 (pull) apart and pieces of telescope all over his desk.”
At 14， he 63 (admit) into the University of Science and Technology of China’s School of the Gifted Young， a special school to cultivate 64 (teenager) into world-class talents. But Cao doesn’t think himself special and often stresses that he is just an ordinary kid who 65 (love) reading about science and doing experiments. “After all， we are all humans， with shortcomings and emotions，” he once said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了发现“魔角”石墨烯的中国物理学家曹原。
56. the
【解析】 考查冠词。根据空格后的most important可知，此处为形容词的最高等级，空格处应使用定冠词the。
57. discovering/having discovered
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为was，空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接，应使用非谓语动词；discover和主语Cao Yuan构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且空格处位于介词for之后，应使用动词－ing形式作宾语；又因曹原发现“魔角”的动作发生在《自然》杂志的评论之前，空格处也可使用现在完成时，故填discovering或having discovered。
58. that
【解析】 考查连词。句意：他的老师认为，曹原的自主学习能力和对实验的兴趣发挥了重要作用。本句为强调句式，句式结构为It is/was＋被强调部分＋who/that…，此处被强调部分指物，应使用that。
59. his
【解析】 考查代词。句意：他的高中物理老师说，曹原有很强的自学能力，敢于挑战权威，提出难以回答的问题。on one’s own意为“独立地；独自地”，为固定短语。
60. deeply
【解析】 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰形容词curious，应使用副词形式deeply作curious的状语。
61. in
【解析】 考查介词。in a mess意为“凌乱；一团糟”，为固定搭配。
62. pulled
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处位于with的复合结构中，pull与computers构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用动词－ed形式作宾语补足语。
63. was admitted
【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。根据上文中的“At 14”可知，此处应用一般过去时；分析句子结构可知，动词和主语构成动宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；又因主语he表达单数概念，be动词应用was，故填was admitted。
64. teenagers
【解析】 考查名词单复数。空格处意为“青少年”，teenager为可数名词，表示泛指概念，且单词前无限定词修饰，应使用名词复数形式。
65. loves
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文中的“But Cao doesn’t”可知，此处应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，who引导定语从句，先行词为kid，在定语从句中作主语，表达单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，故填loves。
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分 15分)
假定你是李华，你们班正在举行主题为“My Most Admirable Scientist”的演讲比赛。请你写一篇英文演讲稿参赛，内容包括：
1. 简单介绍科学家；
2. 你对他(她)的评价；
3. 他(她)对你产生的影响。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
My Most Admirable Scientist
Dear teachers and classmates,
My most admirable scientist is Stephen Hawking， who is famous for his great scientific achievements in physics and his great spirit of fighting against the deadly disease. Hawking was more than courageous as the disease never defeated him and his survival against the disease indicates that never should people lose hope. Optimism and humour are his most remarkable features， which help Hawking fight against the disease for over 50 years.
As to his influence on me， I’ve learnt to stay optimistic whenever in trouble. Besides， just like Hawking， remaining curious is the drive for me to explore the unknown. As long as I am never afraid of hardships and keep on conducting trials， I’ll succeed in time.
That’s all. Thank you.
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Our science teacher always enjoys giving out challenging assignments to our Grade 10 science class. Unlike other teachers who hand out page upon page of textbook questions， Mr Hussey seems to prefer having the students learn science through a more hands-on， do-it-yourself approach.
“Today，” said Mr Hussey， “everyone will be making an icebox！” As we sat in awe， trying to imagine what kind of device he was referring to， Mr Hussey handed out the project instructions. In groups of two， we would design a storage (贮藏) device that was capable of keeping its contents at a constant temperature for a certain period of time， regardless of the outside temperature. The competition was quite straightforward： Every contestant would receive a cube (立方体) of ice. The team that had the biggest piece left the next day would win！
As always， I partnered with my best friend， Vlad. That afternoon we went straight to the library. After an intense discussion， we agreed on the basic idea of having the ice cube inside a box， which would be put inside another bigger box. Between the two boxes would be the heat insulator (绝缘体).
The first test of the icebox was extremely disappointing. Since this was our first experiment， we both wanted good results to build our confidence. Before I went to bed that night， I carefully picked out a huge block of ice from our refrigerator and placed it inside the icebox. When I woke up the next morning and looked into the icebox， there wasn’t even a bit of ice left. Reflecting on this failure， we were determined to find a better insulating material. Then we tried the same experiment again. This time， we made it. There was 70 percent of the ice left.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1：
The day of the competition came very fast. We all brought our masterpieces into the classroom. Every team had a different design—from boxes made of different materials to boxes that operated in different ways. One fellow even attached a motor to his icebox and turned it into a refrigerator. Before we left school， Mr Hussey gave each group an ice cube of the same size. We put them in the iceboxes that were placed side by side on the table. Then we left for home， hoping that we would win.
Paragraph 2：
The next day， everybody rushed towards these works of art. We all hoped that there would still be some ice left. Some kids searched and searched， and were even about to tear their iceboxes apart， but couldn’t find anything. Luckily， it turned out that we didn’t do too badly. Having almost 60 percent of the ice cube still remaining， we had an above-average result！ The winner of the competition， however， was the guy who made a motorised refrigerator. When we opened his icebox， he had a piece of ice that was 140 percent the size of the original！ His innovative design was definitely a cut above the rest.Unit 1核心素养测评卷
选择题部分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
( )1. Why does the man apologise to the woman？
A. He pressed the wrong button.
B. He dropped her iPad.
C. He broke her purse.
( )2. What will the man do next？
A. Have a get-together.
B. Visit a company.
C. Attend a meeting.
( )3. What is the relationship between the speakers？
A. Father and daughter.
B. Mother and son.
C. Brother and sister.
( )4. How does the man feel about the woman？
A. Bored.
B. Surprised.
C. Annoyed.
( )5. What are the speakers talking about？
A. Shopping lists.
B. Eating habits.
C. Cooking methods.
第二节 (共15 小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
( )6. Who is the man asking for？
A. Eric.
B. Laura.
C. Heather.
( )7. What will the woman do in about 20 minutes？
A. Pass on a message.
B. Make a phone call.
C. Go shopping.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
( )8. What could the man see out of the window？
A. A street.
B. A parking lot.
C. A garden.
( )9. What was the man disappointed at about the room？
A. The fridge.
B. The coffee maker.
C. The TV.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
( )10. How much did the man weigh two months ago？
A. About 150 pounds.
B. About 160 pounds.
C. About 170 pounds.
( )11. How did the woman know how to lose weight？
A. From a book.
B. From an advisor.
C. From a cook.
( )12. What does the man plan to do？
A. Change his diet.
B. Learn about an author.
C. Start to exercise regularly.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
( )13. What is the woman？
A. A salesperson.
B. A student.
C. A shopkeeper.
( )14. What does the man think of Lana’s dog？
A. Frightening.
B. Lovely.
C. Tiny.
( )15. Who is Rover？
A. The woman’s friend.
B. The man’s boss.
C. Lana’s pet.
( )16. Why will the man go to the shopping centre？
A. To meet Lana.
B. To have a wander.
C. To buy a pair of shoes.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
( )17. When did the speaker’s family start their travelling？
A. On May 1st.
B. On May 5th.
C. On May 6th.
( )18. How did the speaker’s family go to Shillong from Guwahati？
A. By car.
B. By taxi.
C. By train.
( )19. What do we know about Shillong？
A. The climate wasn’t good.
B. The transport wasn’t convenient.
C. There weren’t many tourist attractions.
( )20. What did the speaker’s family do at the end of their vacation？
A. They admired the sunrise.
B. They visited tea gardens.
C. They explored thick forests.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Girls took the top prizes at the Broadcom MASTERS， a science competition for middle school students.
Alaina Gassler
Alaina won the $25，000 Samueli Foundation Prize for the project of reducing blind spots in cars. She was inspired to solve this issue by her mother who didn’t like driving her vehicle because its large A-pillar (A柱) design made her feel in danger. “I started to think about how blind spots were a huge problem in all cars，” said Alaina. So she worked on and solved it.
Sidor Clare
Sidor won the $10，000 Marconi/Samueli Award for Innovation， an honour made by Samueli’s generous donation of his 2012 Marconi Society Prize Award. She developed bricks that could one day be made on Mars， so that humans wouldn’t be required to carry building materials with them in order to build there.
Alexis MacAvoy
Alexis won the $10，000 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Award for Health Advancement， which recognised the student whose work and performance showed the most promise in health-related fields and demonstrated an understanding of the many social factors that affect health. She designed a water filter (过滤器) by using carbon to remove heavy metals from water.
Rachel Bergey
Rachel won the $10，000 Lemelson Award for Invention， awarded by the Lemelson Foundation to a young inventor creating promising solutions to real-world problems. She developed a trap made of tinfoil (锡纸) and netting for the spotted lanternfly， an invasive species causing damage to trees.
( )21. What is the purpose of Alaina Gassler’s invention？
A. To beautify vehicles.
B. To improve the safety of driving.
C. To decorate the sidewalk for the blind.
D. To reduce the carbon released from cars.
( )22. Whose invention is related to human health？
A. Alaina Gassler’s.
B. Sidor Clare’s.
C. Rachel Bergey’s.
D. Alexis MacAvoy’s.
( )23. What is the Broadcom MASTERS about？
A. Art. B. Sport.
C. Technology. D. Education.
B
When Charles Babbage was working at Cambridge， a new idea occurred to him. He wanted to construct a calculating machine to work out the solutions to maths problems not only with correctness but also with a speed beyond the power of any human mind. His machine could solve problems involving long rows of figures in one continuous operation.
In 1822， Babbage exhibited his invention and won a prize from the government. After that， he immediately started to work on a larger machine designed to solve more difficult problems. Although he received some money left by his father， the money was not enough to support his design. He wrote to the government about his plan and was given ￡2，500 to start with， a sum worth much more in those days than it is now.
Babbage continued his work in London for four years. Then his health broke down， and he had to take a long holiday abroad. When he returned to London in 1828， he was at the end of his resources. Many bills remained unpaid. His chief assistant and co-workers quarreled with him and left with many expensive tools. For one year no work was done. During this period， Babbage， whose mind was always active， suddenly thought of a completely new idea for the machine. He rushed to meet the government officials to explain his new idea. But this time， they were unwilling to help him. For eight years， they refused to say whether they wanted it or not， and their final answer was “No”.
From 1828 to 1839， Babbage held the position of professor at Cambridge very successfully. But his greatest work was the unfinished calculating machine which stood covered in dust in his house. It was the beginning of the modern computer.
( )24. The machine Babbage wanted to design would solve difficult maths problems .
A. in one operation with few mistakes
B. in more than one operation without any mistakes
C. in more than one operation with slight mistakes
D. in one operation without any mistakes
( )25. Babbage failed to continue his research work in 1828 mainly because .
A. he was in poor health
B. he almost ran out of money
C. his co-workers argued with him
D. he spent all his money on his bills
( )26. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to？
A. The idea.
B. The government.
C. The machine.
D. The bill.
( )27. From the passage， we can infer that .
A. Babbage failed to be a famous scientist at Cambridge
B. Babbage had new ideas but gave them up easily
C. Babbage always needed support from the government officials
D. Babbage was the first designer of the modern computer
C
Scientists from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HIPS) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences have designed a wristwatch that can measure essential chemicals in body sweat. Their findings were published in the journal ACS Nano.
Sweat contains electrolytes (电解质)， primarily sodium， potassium and calcium. The balance of these essential minerals is crucial for supporting muscle function， nerve health and regular heartbeat. The wristwatch collects sweat from the skin and analyses it in real time using a sensor chip with a sensitive membrane. When sweat enters the device， it will come into contact with the membrane that contains three tubes capable of measuring sodium， potassium and calcium levels， respectively.
Although they are not the first to invent sweat sensors， the Chinese researchers emphasised the wristwatch’s solid interface for long-term reliability. “It surpasses the stability of many other sensors by consistently monitoring human sweat for over six months，” said the lead researcher Huang Xingjiu.
Since athletes use electrolyte drinks to counteract (抵消) the loss of energy and refill it， researchers in the study measured the sweat composition of these chemicals in athletes running long distances. The accuracy reached about 95 percent when compared to the standard detection method.
When there are electrolyte abnorma-lities， the device will remind users to supplement (补充) them quickly. The aim of developing this device is to provide warnings for electrolyte loss and reduce exercise-related injury risks.
For ordinary people， the traditional electrolyte test requires samples of body fluids taken in hospitals. The new wristwatch has the potential to serve as an alternative to needles for measuring electrolytes.
The next goal of the research team is to design various sensitive membrane materials for monitoring more information. The researchers noted that compared to popular fitness watches on the market， the device they designed is larger and heavier， making it less comfortable to wear. However， they expect to develop wearable sweat sensors suitable for market applications in the next five years. The team of researchers also aims to adapt the device for environmental monitoring.
( )28. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about？
A. The working principle of the device.
B. The composition of sweat.
C. The function of a particular sensor.
D. The balance of the minerals.
( )29. Which of the following is the advantage of the wristwatch？
A. Accurate and popular.
B. Large and wearable.
C. Convenient and comfortable.
D. Reliable and stable.
( )30. What does the author imply in the last paragraph？
A. The wristwatch has no equal now.
B. The product hasn’t hit the market yet.
C. The researchers are content with the product.
D. The device will be definitely put into extensive use.
( )31. What is the purpose of the passage？
A. To provide warnings for readers to reduce risks.
B. To introduce a new product on monitoring health.
C. To inform the readers of the importance of electrolytes.
D. To analyse the relationship between sweat and health.
D
Climate models can give us a preview of how humanity’s actions or inaction will change our planet over the coming decades and centuries. But because the planet is such a complex system， they aren’t perfect： Climate models have uncertainties that grow larger as they go farther into the future. Scientists and engineers from across the world are teaming up to build a new type of climate model that is designed to provide more precise and actionable predictions.
Current climate modeling relies on dividing up the globe into a grid (格子) and then computing what is going on in each sector of the grid， as well as how the sectors interact with each other. Limitations in available computer processing power mean that those sectors generally cannot be any smaller than tens of kilometres per side. But for climate modeling， the devil is in the details—details that get missed in a too-large grid. “For cities planning their storm water management facilities to resist the next 100 years of floods， this is a serious issue. Concrete answers about the likely range of climate outcomes are key for planning，” says Tapio Schneider， a senior research scientist at Climate Modeling Alliance (CliMA).
Weighing recent advances in the computational and data sciences， the team plans to step up collaboration of the partners， as each partner brings a different strength and research expertise to the project. “Our goal is a new model that projects future changes in critical variables such as cloud cover， sea ice extent， and rainfall more accurately—with uncertainties at least half the size of those in existing models.” says Dr Andrew， the team leader.
One doubter about the application of climate models is Raffaele Ferrari， a Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Oceanography at MIT. “Using a model， we become puppeteers， masters of a giant system that is， in truth， beyond human control. We can cool or heat the planet at will， add salt or ice or rain or dust in any amount we want，” Dr Ferrari says. “We have no backup planet. How climate models are used remains to be seen.”
( )32. Why are climate models built？
A. To collect scientific data.
B. To monitor human actions.
C. To deliver useful forecasts.
D. To maintain social systems.
( )33. What is the problem of current climate modeling？
A. Shortage of facilities.
B. Reliance on computers.
C. Inability to get smaller grids.
D. Limitation in simplifying details.
( )34. What does the team aim to do？
A. Investigate serious issues.
B. Guarantee the safety of the city.
C. Change the future climate.
D. Improve the accuracy of the models.
( )35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph？
A. Climate models enjoy great popularity.
B. Scientists have created a new climate model.
C. Doubts about climate models are disappearing.
D. Caution is advised in the use of climate models.
第二节 (共 5小题；每小题 2.5分，满分 12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Huang Xuhua’s legacy as China’s nuclear submarine pioneer embodies the triumph of intellect over adversity. His journey began in 1926， Guangdong， where a childhood enthusiasm for machinery saw him disassembling complex devices and accurately reassembling them. 36 This amazing talent secured his place in Shanghai Jiao Tong University’s naval architecture programme， shaping his destiny.
When tasked in 1958 with developing China’s first nuclear submarine， Huang faced great obstacles： zero foreign technical support and scarce resources. 37 Astonishingly， his team verified the precision of hull curvature (船体曲率) using chicken bones as hydrodynamic models. Such ingenuity made up for the lack of supercomputers.
The project’s secrecy demanded extraordinary sacrifice. For three decades， Huang’s family believed he worked at an ordinary factory. 38 His mother only discovered his true mission in 1987 through a magazine article， tearfully embracing her son who had prioritised national duty over family obligations.
39 Contrary to global practice where designers observe from land， he insisted on boarding the submarine. This successful 300－metre dive cleared up technological skepticism and established China’s naval strength.
In his 90s， Huang advocated integrating traditional craftsmanship with AI-driven simulations. 40 His life’s philosophy—“scientific rigour (严谨) and patriotic devotion are inseparable”—perfectly demonstrated how individual devotion intertwined with national revival.
A. He reinstalled a wall clock successfully after taking it down.
B. Huang redefined the leadership during the 1988 deep-dive test.
C. His sisters thought he performed routine maintenance tasks daily.
D. Colleagues remember equations covering his office walls for years.
E. Critics argued traditional methods couldn’t achieve millimetre precision.
F. Historical records showed 90 percent of technical solutions required original innovation.
G. He instructed youths to balance technological advancement with ethical responsibility.
36. 37.
38.
39.
40. 第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分 30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist？ A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full use of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 41 on obvious facts， and therefore 42 to accept authority as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas 43 and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 44 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon， the wonderful philosopher of Oxford. He was probably the first person in the Middle Ages to 45 that we should learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us， and he himself 46 many important truths.
However， Galileo， who lived more than 300 years later， was the greatest of several great men in Italy， France， Germany， and England， who began to show how many important 47 could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo， learned men believed that large bodies fell more 48 towards the earth than small ones， because Aristotle said so. But Galileo went to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped two 49 stones， proving Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo’s 50 of going directly to nature， and proving our 51 and theories by experiment， that has 52 the discoveries of modern science.
What 53 those people good scientists？ From the example of Galileo， we can see 54 that successful scientists are those whose observations have 55 better results.
( )41. A. dependent B. based
C. insisted D. centred
( )42. A. refuses B. desires
C. intends D. regrets
( )43. A. casually B. carefully
C. quickly D. privately
( )44. A. look B. keep
C. date D. turn
( )45. A. command B. suspect
C. predict D. conclude
( )46. A. brought B. recorded
C. discovered D. announced
( )47. A. truths B. problems
C. investigations D. subjects
( )48. A. slowly B. rapidly
C. lightly D. heavily
( )49. A. big B. small
C. similar D. unequal
( )50. A. spirit B. skill
C. theory D. wish
( )51. A. plans B. opinions
C. rules D. abilities
( )52. A. led to B. come with
C. set up D. put forward
( )53. A. promises B. prevents
C. considers D. makes
( )54. A. likely B. clearly
C. naturally D. unwillingly
( )55. A. foreseen B. rejected
C. produced D. challenged
非选择题部分
第二节 (共 10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cao Yuan was on top of 56 most important scientists named by the journal Nature in 2018 for 57 (discover) a “magic angle” in graphene (石墨烯).
Cao’s discovery takes a huge step in the decades-long search for superconductors (超导体) in the world. Why was Cao able to make the discovery？ His teachers think it is Cao’s independent learning ability and interest in doing experiments 58 matter. His high school physics teacher said Cao had a strong ability to study on 59 (he) own and was brave to challenge teachers and ask difficult questions. “Cao is 60 (deep) curious about laboratory equipment，” his college teacher told Nature. “Every time I go into Cao’s office， it’s 61 a huge mess， with computers 62 (pull) apart and pieces of telescope all over his desk.”
At 14， he 63 (admit) into the University of Science and Technology of China’s School of the Gifted Young， a special school to cultivate 64 (teenager) into world-class talents. But Cao doesn’t think himself special and often stresses that he is just an ordinary kid who 65 (love) reading about science and doing experiments. “After all， we are all humans， with shortcomings and emotions，” he once said.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60. 61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分 15分)
假定你是李华，你们班正在举行主题为“My Most Admirable Scientist”的演讲比赛。请你写一篇英文演讲稿参赛，内容包括：
1. 简单介绍科学家；
2. 你对他(她)的评价；
3. 他(她)对你产生的影响。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
My Most Admirable Scientist
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Our science teacher always enjoys giving out challenging assignments to our Grade 10 science class. Unlike other teachers who hand out page upon page of textbook questions， Mr Hussey seems to prefer having the students learn science through a more hands-on， do-it-yourself approach.
“Today，” said Mr Hussey， “everyone will be making an icebox！” As we sat in awe， trying to imagine what kind of device he was referring to， Mr Hussey handed out the project instructions. In groups of two， we would design a storage (贮藏) device that was capable of keeping its contents at a constant temperature for a certain period of time， regardless of the outside temperature. The competition was quite straightforward： Every contestant would receive a cube (立方体) of ice. The team that had the biggest piece left the next day would win！
As always， I partnered with my best friend， Vlad. That afternoon we went straight to the library. After an intense discussion， we agreed on the basic idea of having the ice cube inside a box， which would be put inside another bigger box. Between the two boxes would be the heat insulator (绝缘体).
The first test of the icebox was extremely disappointing. Since this was our first experiment， we both wanted good results to build our confidence. Before I went to bed that night， I carefully picked out a huge block of ice from our refrigerator and placed it inside the icebox. When I woke up the next morning and looked into the icebox， there wasn’t even a bit of ice left. Reflecting on this failure， we were determined to find a better insulating material. Then we tried the same experiment again. This time， we made it. There was 70 percent of the ice left.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1：
The day of the competition came very fast.
Paragraph 2：
The next day， everybody rushed towards these works of art.
