Unit 4 History and Traditions课件(共86张PPT) 2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第二册
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| 名称 | Unit 4 History and Traditions课件(共86张PPT) 2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第二册 |
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| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 876.6KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-30 00:00:00 | ||
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(共86张PPT)
Unit 4 History and Traditions
语言知识梳理
1. surround vt.围绕;包围(surrounding adj.周围的;附近的 surroundings n.环境)
surround…with…用……包围……
be surrounded by/with被……包围
2. charge n.收费;指控;主管 vt.收费;控告;充电;(向……)冲
·free of charge=for free免费
in charge of掌管(表状态)
take charge of掌管(表动作)
in the charge of被……掌管;由……负责
·charge sb with (doing) sth =accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控某人犯……罪
charge sb money for sth 因……收某人钱
charge at向……发起冲锋;扑向……
3. announce vt.宣布;通知;声称(announcement n.宣布;通知 announcer n.广播员;解说员)
·announce sth to sb向某人宣布某事
It is announced that…据宣布……
as is announced…正如宣布的那样……
·make an announcement (to sb)
(向某人)发通知
4. amount n.金额;数量 v.总计;共计;相当于;等于
·the amount of………的数量
“大量/少量的”表达:
a large/small amount of+n.[U]+v.(单数)
large/small amounts of+n.[U]+v.(复数)
·amount to共计;总计;等于;相当于
5. approach n.方法;途径;接近 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近(approaching n.接近)
·an approach to (doing) sth
(做某事的)方法/途径
at the approach of…
在快到……的时候
·with…approaching
在……快到的时候
6. eager adj.热切的;渴望的(eagerly adv.热心地;急切地eagerness n.热切;渴望)
·be eager to do sth 渴望做某事
be eager for sth 渴望得到某物
·with eagerness=eagerly
热切地;急切地
hide one’s eagerness 掩饰某人的渴望
7. belong to属于;是……的成员;是……的组成部分{belong vi.应在(某处);适应;合得来 belonging n.[U]归属;[pl.]动产;财物}
a sense of belonging归属感
注意:belong to 没有被动语态和进行时态,用作非谓语时要使用doing形式,用法相同的短语还有date back to (追溯到)、 consist of (包括)、 take place (发生)等。
8. as well as同(一样也);和;还
·as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分,如名词、形容词、动词、介词等,通常不位于句首。表示“也;还”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数与as well as前面的主语保持一致(就远原则)。
·用作介词时, as well as相当于besides、in addition to,意为“除……之外”,后面通常接名词或动名词,尤其是位于句首时。
1. if的省略结构
So what is the difference between them, if any 如果有的话,那么它们之间的区别是什么呢
if any(如果有的话)是一个省略句,相当于if (there is/are) any…。类似的结构还有:
if not如果不是这样的话
if so如果是这样的话
if ever如果曾有的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if possible如果可能的话
2. with的复合结构
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美,郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
with的复合结构在句中作状语和定语,主要包括:
·with+宾语+to do(表示将来的动作)
·with+宾语+doing(表示主动或进行)
·with+宾语+done(表示被动或完成)
·with+宾语+介词短语/adj./adv.
单元语法深析
观察下面带黑体的部分,并感知其句法功能。
1. Most people just use the shortened name:“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.
2. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
3. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
4. Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square,where we could get our car battery charged.
5. When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
1. 句1和句2中加黑词汇在句中作定语。在句1中为 ,在句2中为 。
2. 句3、句4和句5中加黑词汇在句中作 。
3. 过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语构成 。
前置定语
后置定语
宾语补足语
动宾关系
1. 过去分词作定语
(1)意义
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成,或者只表示被动;不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动,只表示完成。
①表示被动和完成
a polluted river (已经被污染)
一条被污染的河流
books written by Lu Xun (已经被写)
鲁迅写的书
②只表示完成,不表示被动
fallen leaves (已经落下的)落叶
the risen sun (已经升起的)升起的太阳
(2)位置
单个的过去分词作定语时,通常放在所修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在后面,其作用相当于一个定语从句。
A watched pot never boils.
心急水不开。
You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.
=You cannot accept an opinion which is offered to you unless it is based on facts.
你不能(随便)接受别人给你的意见,除非它是以事实为根据的。
(3)与现在分词作定语的区别
①语态不同:现在分词表示主动;过去分词表示被动。
The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016.
矗立在街道角落的那所房子是在2016年建的。
The question discussed was very important.
讨论过的那个问题很重要。
②时间关系上不同:现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词表示动作已经完成。
(4)与现在分词的被动语态(being done)和动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别
意义 形式 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 尚未发生
The building built last year is our classroom building.
去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our classroom building.
现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
2. 过去分词作宾语补足语
(1)几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
①过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep、leave等的后面作宾语补足语。
He got up late and hurried to his office,leaving the breakfast untouched.
他起得很晚,没吃早饭就匆匆忙忙地去了办公室。
②过去分词用在使役动词have、get和make的后面作宾语补 足语。
a.“have/get+宾语+过去分词”可以表示两种含义:“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。
Claire had/got her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时Claire(让安检员)对她的行李进行了安检。
While they were on holiday,they had/got their car broken into.
他们在度假时,汽车被撬开了。
b.在“make+宾语+过去分词”这种结构中,过去分词表示结果。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们用很简易的英语来设法使自己被理解。
③感官动词see、hear、notice、observe、watch、feel、find等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后,我们决定在家度过假期。
The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed.
第二天早上,人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。
④表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like、want、wish、expect、order等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
(2)“with+宾语+过去分词”结构
在“with+宾语+过去分词”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
客厅既干净又整洁,餐桌已经布置好了,准备盛放待煮的饭菜。
She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.
她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他的脸。
(3)过去分词、现在分词、动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别
①感官动词(短语)see、watch、observe、look at、notice、hear、listen to、feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式(以hear为例):
I heard her singing a song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动、正在进行)
hear+宾语+
昨天经过她的房间时,我听见她正在唱一首歌。
I heard her sing a song just now.(主动、完成)
刚才我听见她唱了一首歌。
To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.(被动、无时间性)
为了学好英语,我们应该尽可能多地找机会听别人讲英语。
②使役动词make、have、get、keep后加复合宾语的对比:
The shocking news made me realise what terrible problems we would face.
这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。
a.make+宾语+
I made myself known to them first and then we talked about our hobbies.
我先向他们做了自我介绍,然后我们谈论了我们的爱好。
Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.
妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。
b.have+宾语+
He had us laughing all through the meal.
整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。
My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.
上个月,我姐姐的钱包在公交车上被偷了。
c.get+宾语+
He got me to post the letter for him.
他让我替他寄信。
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。
I’ll get my cellphone repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。
d.keep+宾语+
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
对不起,让你久等了。
She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was.
她紧闭双眼,待在原地未动。
③with复合结构中宾语补足语的对比:
with+
The chat software is like a public network, with people sharing information publicly.
这款聊天软件像是一个公开网络,人们公开分享信息。
With a great weight taken off her mind, she passed all the tests successfully.
由于放下了极大的思想包袱,她成功地通过了所有考试。
用所给词的正确形式填空
1. The trees (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.
2. The room is empty except for a bookshelf (stand) in one corner.
3. Tsinghua University, (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
blown
standing
founded
4. With all the work (do), I feel very relaxed now.
5. There will be a meeting in half an hour.The problem
(discuss) in it is really important.
6. I saw an old man (knock)down by a car.
7. I’d like the job (do) when I come back from the journey.
8. An old man was brought in,with his hands (tie) behind his back.
done
to be discussed
knocked
done
tied
9. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself
(hear).
10. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car
(wash).
heard
washed
单元主题表达
本单元的写作任务是推荐旅游景点。推荐旅游景点的英语作文可以看作是一种推荐信,它向读者推荐某个旅游景点,阐述该景点的特色、优势和吸引力,旨在说服读者将这个景点纳入自己的旅行计划中,就如同推荐信向收信人推荐某个人、产品、服务或机会等一样,具有推荐、介绍和引导的作用。具体写作结构如图所示:
1. 开头句
(1)With great delight, I’ve learned that you would like to pay a visit to China during this summer vacation and it is my great pleasure to give you some suggestions.
我非常高兴得知你想在这个暑假期间来中国,我很高兴能给你一些建议。
(2)Knowing that you are coming to my hometown—Kunming soon, I’m more than delighted to recommend it to you.
知道你很快就要来到我的家乡——昆明,我非常高兴能向你推荐它。
2. 中间句
(1)The Summer Palace, which covers an area of about 3 square kilometres, is located in the centre of Beijing City.
颐和园位于北京市中心,占地面积约3平方千米。
(2)Kunming, which lies in the southwest of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.Covering an area of about 21,012 square kilometres, the city has a population of about 8.6 million.
昆明位于中国的西南部,是一座历史悠久的美丽城市。全市占地面积约21,012平方千米,人口约860万人。
(3)Known for pleasant weather, rich cultural tourism resources and the convenience of the means of transportation, it attracts millions of visitors from all around the world.
它以宜人的天气、丰富的文化旅游资源和便利的交通工具而闻名,吸引了来自世界各地的数百万游客。
(4)There are a lot of places of interest such as Kunming Lake, West Hill Forest Park and Guandu Old Town, where visitors can enjoy the wonderful scenery and kinds of delicious food.
这里有很多名胜古迹,如昆明湖、西山森林公园和官渡古镇,游客可以享受到美妙的风景和各种美味的食物。
(5)Not only can travel enrich my knowledge, but also it can expand my vision/broaden my horizons.
旅行不仅可以丰富我的知识,而且还可以拓宽我的视野。
3. 结尾句
(1)I do hope you will love the city and have a wonderful journey this summer.
我真的希望你会喜欢这个城市,并在今年夏天有一个美好的旅程。
(2)I feel honoured to be your guide when you come. Wish you a pleasant journey here.
当你来的时候,我很荣幸能成为你的向导。祝你在这里旅途愉快。
(3)I do hope you can take my suggestions into account/consideration and make a final decision.
我真的希望你能考虑我的建议并做出最后的决定。
单元要点回顾
1. 公馆;宅第n.
2. 墓地;公墓n.
3. 哲学n.
4. 后裔;后代;子孙n.
5. 单独的;个别的adj.个人n.
6. 王国;领域n.
mansion
cemetery
philosophy
descendant
individual
kingdom
7. 最重要的;最高级别的adj.(公司或机构的)首领;酋长n.
8. 谜;智力游戏;疑问n.迷惑;使困惑vt.
9. 通货;货币n.
10. 军事的;军用的adj.
11. 防御;保卫n.
12. 法律的;合法的adj.
13. 围绕;包围vt.
14. 证据;证明n.
chief
puzzle
currency
military
defence
legal
surround
evidence
15. 地方;地点;位置n
16. 占领;征服;控制vt.
17. 战役;搏斗n.搏斗;奋斗vi. & vt.
18. 极有吸引力的;迷人的adj.
19. 收费;指控;主管n.收费;控告;充电vt.
20. 金额;数量n.
21. 宣布;通知;声称vt.
22. (艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊n.
location
conquer
battle
fascinating
charge
amount
announce
gallery
23. 方法;途径;接近n. 接近;接洽;着手管理vt.靠近vi.
24. 保证;确保;担保vt.
25. (陆上,尤指乡村的)风景n.
26. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的adj.
27. 黄油;奶油n. 涂黄油于vt.
28. 蜂蜜n.
29. 祖宗;祖先n.
30. 成就;成绩;达到n.
approach
ensure
landscape
generous
butter
honey
ancestor
achievement
31. position
32. courtyard
33. eager
34. poet
35. county
36. feast
37. roll
38. roar
39. scent
位置;姿态;职位;安装;安置
庭院;院子
热切的;渴望的
诗人
(英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县
盛宴;宴会;节日
(使)翻滚;(使)滚动;卷(轴);翻滚
吼叫;咆哮
气味;气息
40. greet
41. stew
42. custom
43. sensory
44. striking
45. transition
46. crowd
47. nearby
48. belong
问候;迎接
炖菜(有肉和蔬菜);炖;煨
风俗;习俗;习惯
感觉的;感官的
引人注目的;显著的
过渡;转变;变迁
人群;一群人;民众;挤满;使……拥挤
附近的;邻近的;在附近
应在(某处);适应
49. port
50. snack
51. cattle
52. ocean
53. pub
54. wine
55. beer
港口(城市)
点心;小吃
牛
大海;海洋
酒吧;酒馆
葡萄酒;果酒
(一杯)啤酒
1. 脱离;背叛;逃脱
2. 属于
3. 导致
4. 同(一样也);和;还
5. 留心;留意
6. 把……和……连接或联结起来
break away (from sb/sth)
belong to
result in
as well as
keep your eyes open (for)
join…to…
7. 通过历史了解一个国家
8. 介绍它的历史和重要性
9. 了解一点英国的历史
10. 解决这一困惑
11. 在16世纪
12. 国防
learn about a country through its history
give an introduction to its history and importance
get to know a little bit about British history
solve this puzzle
in the 16th century
military defence
13. 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国
14. 教育制度
15. 法律制度
16. 改变法律制度
17. 进入英语
18. 全英国
19. 无数的历史遗迹
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
education systems
legal systems
make changes to the legal system
enter into the English language
all over the UK
countless historic sites
20. 历史和现代文化的精彩结合
21. 缩写的名字
22. 一个地下停车场
23. 给汽车的电池充电
24. 有点令人失望
25. 对……有重大的影响
26. 大饱眼福
27. 被绵羊和牛群点缀
a fascinating mix of history and modern culture
the shortened name
an underground car park
get the car battery charged
a little disappointing
have a great influence on…
a true feast for the eyes
be dotted with sheep and cattle
28. 亲身体验当地文化和风俗
29. 用笼统的词汇
30. 用具体的词汇
31. 许多背景信息
32. 在比赛中获得一等奖
win the first prize in the competition
a lot of background information
use specific words
use general words
experience local culture and customs first-hand
1. 孔子说“学而不思则罔”。
Confucius said that learning without understanding leads to confusion.
2. 了解一点英国的历史将有助于你解开这个困惑。
Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. 20世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离了英国,形成了我们现在的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
In the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
4. 他们介绍了英语的起源,并改变了人们建造房子的方式。
They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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5. 他们在英格兰到处建城堡,并改变其法律制度。
They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
6. 诺曼人是法国人,因此许多法语词汇进入了英语。
The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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7. 英国是历史和现代文化的精彩结合,它既有新传统也有旧传统。
The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions.
8. 有四个国家属于英国,那就是它被称为大不列颠联合王国的原因。
There are four countries that belong to the UK. That’s why it’s called the United Kingdom.
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基础词汇 拓展词汇 1 philosophy n. 哲学;哲学体系;生活信条 n. 哲学家 adj. 哲学的;豁达的;达观的 vi. 大谈严肃话题;高谈阔论
philosopher
philosophical
philosophise
基础词汇 拓展词汇 2 individual adj. 单独的;个别的n. 个人 n. 个性;个人特征;特质 vt. 使个性化;使具有个人特色 n. 个人主义
individuality
individualise
individualism
基础词汇 拓展词汇 3 n. 国王;君主;大王 kingdom n. 王国;领域;界 adj. 国王的;君主般的;适合于君主身份的 kingmaker n. 有权势的人;拥立国王者
king
kingly
基础词汇 拓展词汇 4 puzzle n. 谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt.迷惑;使困惑 adj. 令人困惑的;令人费解的 adj. 困惑的;迷惑不解的 n. 迷惑;困惑;费解
puzzling
puzzled
puzzlement
基础词汇 拓展词汇 5 belong vi. 应在 (某处);适应 n. 归属感;附属物 n. 财产;所有物;行李 /
belonging
belongings
基础词汇 拓展词汇 6 announce vt. 宣布;通知;声称 n. 宣布;宣告;通告;公告;布告 n. 播音员;广播员;宣告者 adj. 未通知的;突然的
announcement
announcer
unannounced
基础词汇 拓展词汇 7 v. 保卫;防守;辩护 defence n. 防御;保卫;辩护 adj. 防御性的;自卫的;防守的 n. 守卫者;保卫者;防守队员
defend
defensive
defender
基础词汇 拓展词汇 8 vi. & vt. 深深吸引;迷住 n. 入迷;着迷;令人着迷的事物 fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的;迷人的 fascinator n. 装饰帽;羽饰花帽
fascinate
fascination
基础词汇 拓展词汇 9 surround vt. 围绕;包围 adj. 周围的;附近的 n. 环境;周围的事物 /
surrounding
surroundings
基础词汇 拓展词汇 10 evidence n. 证据;证明;根据 adj. 明显的;明白的 adv. 明显地;显然 adj.用作证据的;与证据有关的
evident
evidently
evidential
基础词汇 拓展词汇 11 v. 位于;查找……的位置 location n. 地方;地点;位置;定位 adj.当地的;本地的;局部的 n. 定位器;定位系统
locate
local
locator
基础词汇 拓展词汇 12 conquer vt. 占领;征服;控制 n. 征服;占领;占领地 n. 征服者;胜利者;占领者 adj. 可征服的;可战胜的
conquest
conqueror
conquerable
基础词汇 拓展词汇 13 charge n. 收费;指控;主管vt. 收费;控告;充电 adj. 应支付的;可纳税的;可指控的 adj. 充满(某种情绪或想法)的;紧张的 n. 充电器;充电机
chargeable
charged
charger
基础词汇 拓展词汇 14 adj. 确信的;肯定的;有把握的 ensure vt. 保证;确保;担保 adv. 当然;无疑地;想必 adj. 不确定的;没有把握的
sure
surely
unsure
基础词汇 拓展词汇 15 eager adj. 热切的;渴望的 n. 渴望;热切 adv. 渴望地;热切地 /
eagerly
eagerness
基础词汇 拓展词汇 16 greet vt. 问候;迎接;对……作出反应 n. 问候;招呼;祝贺 n. 迎宾员 /
greeting
greeter
基础词汇 拓展词汇 17 custom n. 风俗;习俗;习惯 n. 顾客;主顾;客户 n. 海关;关税;进口税 vt. 定制;定做;使用户化
customer
customs
customise
基础词汇 拓展词汇 18 strike vi. & vt. 侵袭;突击;击打 n. 罢工;罢课;袭击 n. 罢工者;(足球)前锋 adj. 引人注目的;显著的 adv. 显著地;引入注目地
striker
striking
strikingly
基础词汇 拓展词汇 19 ocean n. 大海;海洋 adj. 大洋的;海洋的 n. 海洋学 n. 海洋学家
oceanic
oceanography
oceanologist
基础词汇 拓展词汇 20 generous adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的 n. 慷慨;大方 adv. 慷慨地;大方地 adj. 吝啬的;不慷慨的;不友善的
generosity
generously
ungenerous
Unit 4 History and Traditions
语言知识梳理
1. surround vt.围绕;包围(surrounding adj.周围的;附近的 surroundings n.环境)
surround…with…用……包围……
be surrounded by/with被……包围
2. charge n.收费;指控;主管 vt.收费;控告;充电;(向……)冲
·free of charge=for free免费
in charge of掌管(表状态)
take charge of掌管(表动作)
in the charge of被……掌管;由……负责
·charge sb with (doing) sth =accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控某人犯……罪
charge sb money for sth 因……收某人钱
charge at向……发起冲锋;扑向……
3. announce vt.宣布;通知;声称(announcement n.宣布;通知 announcer n.广播员;解说员)
·announce sth to sb向某人宣布某事
It is announced that…据宣布……
as is announced…正如宣布的那样……
·make an announcement (to sb)
(向某人)发通知
4. amount n.金额;数量 v.总计;共计;相当于;等于
·the amount of………的数量
“大量/少量的”表达:
a large/small amount of+n.[U]+v.(单数)
large/small amounts of+n.[U]+v.(复数)
·amount to共计;总计;等于;相当于
5. approach n.方法;途径;接近 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近(approaching n.接近)
·an approach to (doing) sth
(做某事的)方法/途径
at the approach of…
在快到……的时候
·with…approaching
在……快到的时候
6. eager adj.热切的;渴望的(eagerly adv.热心地;急切地eagerness n.热切;渴望)
·be eager to do sth 渴望做某事
be eager for sth 渴望得到某物
·with eagerness=eagerly
热切地;急切地
hide one’s eagerness 掩饰某人的渴望
7. belong to属于;是……的成员;是……的组成部分{belong vi.应在(某处);适应;合得来 belonging n.[U]归属;[pl.]动产;财物}
a sense of belonging归属感
注意:belong to 没有被动语态和进行时态,用作非谓语时要使用doing形式,用法相同的短语还有date back to (追溯到)、 consist of (包括)、 take place (发生)等。
8. as well as同(一样也);和;还
·as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分,如名词、形容词、动词、介词等,通常不位于句首。表示“也;还”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数与as well as前面的主语保持一致(就远原则)。
·用作介词时, as well as相当于besides、in addition to,意为“除……之外”,后面通常接名词或动名词,尤其是位于句首时。
1. if的省略结构
So what is the difference between them, if any 如果有的话,那么它们之间的区别是什么呢
if any(如果有的话)是一个省略句,相当于if (there is/are) any…。类似的结构还有:
if not如果不是这样的话
if so如果是这样的话
if ever如果曾有的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if possible如果可能的话
2. with的复合结构
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美,郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
with的复合结构在句中作状语和定语,主要包括:
·with+宾语+to do(表示将来的动作)
·with+宾语+doing(表示主动或进行)
·with+宾语+done(表示被动或完成)
·with+宾语+介词短语/adj./adv.
单元语法深析
观察下面带黑体的部分,并感知其句法功能。
1. Most people just use the shortened name:“the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.
2. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
3. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
4. Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square,where we could get our car battery charged.
5. When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
1. 句1和句2中加黑词汇在句中作定语。在句1中为 ,在句2中为 。
2. 句3、句4和句5中加黑词汇在句中作 。
3. 过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语构成 。
前置定语
后置定语
宾语补足语
动宾关系
1. 过去分词作定语
(1)意义
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成,或者只表示被动;不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动,只表示完成。
①表示被动和完成
a polluted river (已经被污染)
一条被污染的河流
books written by Lu Xun (已经被写)
鲁迅写的书
②只表示完成,不表示被动
fallen leaves (已经落下的)落叶
the risen sun (已经升起的)升起的太阳
(2)位置
单个的过去分词作定语时,通常放在所修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在后面,其作用相当于一个定语从句。
A watched pot never boils.
心急水不开。
You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.
=You cannot accept an opinion which is offered to you unless it is based on facts.
你不能(随便)接受别人给你的意见,除非它是以事实为根据的。
(3)与现在分词作定语的区别
①语态不同:现在分词表示主动;过去分词表示被动。
The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016.
矗立在街道角落的那所房子是在2016年建的。
The question discussed was very important.
讨论过的那个问题很重要。
②时间关系上不同:现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词表示动作已经完成。
(4)与现在分词的被动语态(being done)和动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别
意义 形式 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 尚未发生
The building built last year is our classroom building.
去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our classroom building.
现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
2. 过去分词作宾语补足语
(1)几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
①过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep、leave等的后面作宾语补足语。
He got up late and hurried to his office,leaving the breakfast untouched.
他起得很晚,没吃早饭就匆匆忙忙地去了办公室。
②过去分词用在使役动词have、get和make的后面作宾语补 足语。
a.“have/get+宾语+过去分词”可以表示两种含义:“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。
Claire had/got her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时Claire(让安检员)对她的行李进行了安检。
While they were on holiday,they had/got their car broken into.
他们在度假时,汽车被撬开了。
b.在“make+宾语+过去分词”这种结构中,过去分词表示结果。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们用很简易的英语来设法使自己被理解。
③感官动词see、hear、notice、observe、watch、feel、find等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后,我们决定在家度过假期。
The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed.
第二天早上,人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。
④表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like、want、wish、expect、order等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
(2)“with+宾语+过去分词”结构
在“with+宾语+过去分词”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
客厅既干净又整洁,餐桌已经布置好了,准备盛放待煮的饭菜。
She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.
她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他的脸。
(3)过去分词、现在分词、动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别
①感官动词(短语)see、watch、observe、look at、notice、hear、listen to、feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式(以hear为例):
I heard her singing a song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动、正在进行)
hear+宾语+
昨天经过她的房间时,我听见她正在唱一首歌。
I heard her sing a song just now.(主动、完成)
刚才我听见她唱了一首歌。
To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.(被动、无时间性)
为了学好英语,我们应该尽可能多地找机会听别人讲英语。
②使役动词make、have、get、keep后加复合宾语的对比:
The shocking news made me realise what terrible problems we would face.
这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。
a.make+宾语+
I made myself known to them first and then we talked about our hobbies.
我先向他们做了自我介绍,然后我们谈论了我们的爱好。
Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.
妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。
b.have+宾语+
He had us laughing all through the meal.
整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。
My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.
上个月,我姐姐的钱包在公交车上被偷了。
c.get+宾语+
He got me to post the letter for him.
他让我替他寄信。
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。
I’ll get my cellphone repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。
d.keep+宾语+
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
对不起,让你久等了。
She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was.
她紧闭双眼,待在原地未动。
③with复合结构中宾语补足语的对比:
with+
The chat software is like a public network, with people sharing information publicly.
这款聊天软件像是一个公开网络,人们公开分享信息。
With a great weight taken off her mind, she passed all the tests successfully.
由于放下了极大的思想包袱,她成功地通过了所有考试。
用所给词的正确形式填空
1. The trees (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.
2. The room is empty except for a bookshelf (stand) in one corner.
3. Tsinghua University, (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
blown
standing
founded
4. With all the work (do), I feel very relaxed now.
5. There will be a meeting in half an hour.The problem
(discuss) in it is really important.
6. I saw an old man (knock)down by a car.
7. I’d like the job (do) when I come back from the journey.
8. An old man was brought in,with his hands (tie) behind his back.
done
to be discussed
knocked
done
tied
9. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself
(hear).
10. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car
(wash).
heard
washed
单元主题表达
本单元的写作任务是推荐旅游景点。推荐旅游景点的英语作文可以看作是一种推荐信,它向读者推荐某个旅游景点,阐述该景点的特色、优势和吸引力,旨在说服读者将这个景点纳入自己的旅行计划中,就如同推荐信向收信人推荐某个人、产品、服务或机会等一样,具有推荐、介绍和引导的作用。具体写作结构如图所示:
1. 开头句
(1)With great delight, I’ve learned that you would like to pay a visit to China during this summer vacation and it is my great pleasure to give you some suggestions.
我非常高兴得知你想在这个暑假期间来中国,我很高兴能给你一些建议。
(2)Knowing that you are coming to my hometown—Kunming soon, I’m more than delighted to recommend it to you.
知道你很快就要来到我的家乡——昆明,我非常高兴能向你推荐它。
2. 中间句
(1)The Summer Palace, which covers an area of about 3 square kilometres, is located in the centre of Beijing City.
颐和园位于北京市中心,占地面积约3平方千米。
(2)Kunming, which lies in the southwest of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.Covering an area of about 21,012 square kilometres, the city has a population of about 8.6 million.
昆明位于中国的西南部,是一座历史悠久的美丽城市。全市占地面积约21,012平方千米,人口约860万人。
(3)Known for pleasant weather, rich cultural tourism resources and the convenience of the means of transportation, it attracts millions of visitors from all around the world.
它以宜人的天气、丰富的文化旅游资源和便利的交通工具而闻名,吸引了来自世界各地的数百万游客。
(4)There are a lot of places of interest such as Kunming Lake, West Hill Forest Park and Guandu Old Town, where visitors can enjoy the wonderful scenery and kinds of delicious food.
这里有很多名胜古迹,如昆明湖、西山森林公园和官渡古镇,游客可以享受到美妙的风景和各种美味的食物。
(5)Not only can travel enrich my knowledge, but also it can expand my vision/broaden my horizons.
旅行不仅可以丰富我的知识,而且还可以拓宽我的视野。
3. 结尾句
(1)I do hope you will love the city and have a wonderful journey this summer.
我真的希望你会喜欢这个城市,并在今年夏天有一个美好的旅程。
(2)I feel honoured to be your guide when you come. Wish you a pleasant journey here.
当你来的时候,我很荣幸能成为你的向导。祝你在这里旅途愉快。
(3)I do hope you can take my suggestions into account/consideration and make a final decision.
我真的希望你能考虑我的建议并做出最后的决定。
单元要点回顾
1. 公馆;宅第n.
2. 墓地;公墓n.
3. 哲学n.
4. 后裔;后代;子孙n.
5. 单独的;个别的adj.个人n.
6. 王国;领域n.
mansion
cemetery
philosophy
descendant
individual
kingdom
7. 最重要的;最高级别的adj.(公司或机构的)首领;酋长n.
8. 谜;智力游戏;疑问n.迷惑;使困惑vt.
9. 通货;货币n.
10. 军事的;军用的adj.
11. 防御;保卫n.
12. 法律的;合法的adj.
13. 围绕;包围vt.
14. 证据;证明n.
chief
puzzle
currency
military
defence
legal
surround
evidence
15. 地方;地点;位置n
16. 占领;征服;控制vt.
17. 战役;搏斗n.搏斗;奋斗vi. & vt.
18. 极有吸引力的;迷人的adj.
19. 收费;指控;主管n.收费;控告;充电vt.
20. 金额;数量n.
21. 宣布;通知;声称vt.
22. (艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊n.
location
conquer
battle
fascinating
charge
amount
announce
gallery
23. 方法;途径;接近n. 接近;接洽;着手管理vt.靠近vi.
24. 保证;确保;担保vt.
25. (陆上,尤指乡村的)风景n.
26. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的adj.
27. 黄油;奶油n. 涂黄油于vt.
28. 蜂蜜n.
29. 祖宗;祖先n.
30. 成就;成绩;达到n.
approach
ensure
landscape
generous
butter
honey
ancestor
achievement
31. position
32. courtyard
33. eager
34. poet
35. county
36. feast
37. roll
38. roar
39. scent
位置;姿态;职位;安装;安置
庭院;院子
热切的;渴望的
诗人
(英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县
盛宴;宴会;节日
(使)翻滚;(使)滚动;卷(轴);翻滚
吼叫;咆哮
气味;气息
40. greet
41. stew
42. custom
43. sensory
44. striking
45. transition
46. crowd
47. nearby
48. belong
问候;迎接
炖菜(有肉和蔬菜);炖;煨
风俗;习俗;习惯
感觉的;感官的
引人注目的;显著的
过渡;转变;变迁
人群;一群人;民众;挤满;使……拥挤
附近的;邻近的;在附近
应在(某处);适应
49. port
50. snack
51. cattle
52. ocean
53. pub
54. wine
55. beer
港口(城市)
点心;小吃
牛
大海;海洋
酒吧;酒馆
葡萄酒;果酒
(一杯)啤酒
1. 脱离;背叛;逃脱
2. 属于
3. 导致
4. 同(一样也);和;还
5. 留心;留意
6. 把……和……连接或联结起来
break away (from sb/sth)
belong to
result in
as well as
keep your eyes open (for)
join…to…
7. 通过历史了解一个国家
8. 介绍它的历史和重要性
9. 了解一点英国的历史
10. 解决这一困惑
11. 在16世纪
12. 国防
learn about a country through its history
give an introduction to its history and importance
get to know a little bit about British history
solve this puzzle
in the 16th century
military defence
13. 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国
14. 教育制度
15. 法律制度
16. 改变法律制度
17. 进入英语
18. 全英国
19. 无数的历史遗迹
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
education systems
legal systems
make changes to the legal system
enter into the English language
all over the UK
countless historic sites
20. 历史和现代文化的精彩结合
21. 缩写的名字
22. 一个地下停车场
23. 给汽车的电池充电
24. 有点令人失望
25. 对……有重大的影响
26. 大饱眼福
27. 被绵羊和牛群点缀
a fascinating mix of history and modern culture
the shortened name
an underground car park
get the car battery charged
a little disappointing
have a great influence on…
a true feast for the eyes
be dotted with sheep and cattle
28. 亲身体验当地文化和风俗
29. 用笼统的词汇
30. 用具体的词汇
31. 许多背景信息
32. 在比赛中获得一等奖
win the first prize in the competition
a lot of background information
use specific words
use general words
experience local culture and customs first-hand
1. 孔子说“学而不思则罔”。
Confucius said that learning without understanding leads to confusion.
2. 了解一点英国的历史将有助于你解开这个困惑。
Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
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3. 20世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离了英国,形成了我们现在的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
In the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
4. 他们介绍了英语的起源,并改变了人们建造房子的方式。
They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.
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5. 他们在英格兰到处建城堡,并改变其法律制度。
They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
6. 诺曼人是法国人,因此许多法语词汇进入了英语。
The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language.
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7. 英国是历史和现代文化的精彩结合,它既有新传统也有旧传统。
The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions.
8. 有四个国家属于英国,那就是它被称为大不列颠联合王国的原因。
There are four countries that belong to the UK. That’s why it’s called the United Kingdom.
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基础词汇 拓展词汇 1 philosophy n. 哲学;哲学体系;生活信条 n. 哲学家 adj. 哲学的;豁达的;达观的 vi. 大谈严肃话题;高谈阔论
philosopher
philosophical
philosophise
基础词汇 拓展词汇 2 individual adj. 单独的;个别的n. 个人 n. 个性;个人特征;特质 vt. 使个性化;使具有个人特色 n. 个人主义
individuality
individualise
individualism
基础词汇 拓展词汇 3 n. 国王;君主;大王 kingdom n. 王国;领域;界 adj. 国王的;君主般的;适合于君主身份的 kingmaker n. 有权势的人;拥立国王者
king
kingly
基础词汇 拓展词汇 4 puzzle n. 谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt.迷惑;使困惑 adj. 令人困惑的;令人费解的 adj. 困惑的;迷惑不解的 n. 迷惑;困惑;费解
puzzling
puzzled
puzzlement
基础词汇 拓展词汇 5 belong vi. 应在 (某处);适应 n. 归属感;附属物 n. 财产;所有物;行李 /
belonging
belongings
基础词汇 拓展词汇 6 announce vt. 宣布;通知;声称 n. 宣布;宣告;通告;公告;布告 n. 播音员;广播员;宣告者 adj. 未通知的;突然的
announcement
announcer
unannounced
基础词汇 拓展词汇 7 v. 保卫;防守;辩护 defence n. 防御;保卫;辩护 adj. 防御性的;自卫的;防守的 n. 守卫者;保卫者;防守队员
defend
defensive
defender
基础词汇 拓展词汇 8 vi. & vt. 深深吸引;迷住 n. 入迷;着迷;令人着迷的事物 fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的;迷人的 fascinator n. 装饰帽;羽饰花帽
fascinate
fascination
基础词汇 拓展词汇 9 surround vt. 围绕;包围 adj. 周围的;附近的 n. 环境;周围的事物 /
surrounding
surroundings
基础词汇 拓展词汇 10 evidence n. 证据;证明;根据 adj. 明显的;明白的 adv. 明显地;显然 adj.用作证据的;与证据有关的
evident
evidently
evidential
基础词汇 拓展词汇 11 v. 位于;查找……的位置 location n. 地方;地点;位置;定位 adj.当地的;本地的;局部的 n. 定位器;定位系统
locate
local
locator
基础词汇 拓展词汇 12 conquer vt. 占领;征服;控制 n. 征服;占领;占领地 n. 征服者;胜利者;占领者 adj. 可征服的;可战胜的
conquest
conqueror
conquerable
基础词汇 拓展词汇 13 charge n. 收费;指控;主管vt. 收费;控告;充电 adj. 应支付的;可纳税的;可指控的 adj. 充满(某种情绪或想法)的;紧张的 n. 充电器;充电机
chargeable
charged
charger
基础词汇 拓展词汇 14 adj. 确信的;肯定的;有把握的 ensure vt. 保证;确保;担保 adv. 当然;无疑地;想必 adj. 不确定的;没有把握的
sure
surely
unsure
基础词汇 拓展词汇 15 eager adj. 热切的;渴望的 n. 渴望;热切 adv. 渴望地;热切地 /
eagerly
eagerness
基础词汇 拓展词汇 16 greet vt. 问候;迎接;对……作出反应 n. 问候;招呼;祝贺 n. 迎宾员 /
greeting
greeter
基础词汇 拓展词汇 17 custom n. 风俗;习俗;习惯 n. 顾客;主顾;客户 n. 海关;关税;进口税 vt. 定制;定做;使用户化
customer
customs
customise
基础词汇 拓展词汇 18 strike vi. & vt. 侵袭;突击;击打 n. 罢工;罢课;袭击 n. 罢工者;(足球)前锋 adj. 引人注目的;显著的 adv. 显著地;引入注目地
striker
striking
strikingly
基础词汇 拓展词汇 19 ocean n. 大海;海洋 adj. 大洋的;海洋的 n. 海洋学 n. 海洋学家
oceanic
oceanography
oceanologist
基础词汇 拓展词汇 20 generous adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的 n. 慷慨;大方 adv. 慷慨地;大方地 adj. 吝啬的;不慷慨的;不友善的
generosity
generously
ungenerous