Unit 4 Sharing单元基础知识导学案（含答案）-2025-2026学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册
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| 名称 | Unit 4 Sharing单元基础知识导学案（含答案）-2025-2026学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-03-30 00:00:00 | ||
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Unit4 Sharing 单元基础知识导学案
Arthur English Research Centre
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. shade vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩 ；把……涂暗 n．阴凉处；灯罩 ；阴影部分；(深浅不同的)色调
核心搭配：in the shade 在阴凉处；shade sb. from the sun 为某人遮挡阳光；
She sat under the tree to enjoy the shade on a hot afternoon. 炎热的下午，她坐在树下享受阴凉。
He shaded the painting to make the colors more vivid. 他把画涂暗了一些，让色彩更鲜明。
即时练习
(1) 填空：We __________ (shade) ourselves from the sun with an umbrella when we walked on the street.
(2) 汉译英：这片大树的树荫为我们提供了休息的地方。
The __________ of the big trees provided us a place to rest.
2. contract vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约) n．合同；契约
核心搭配：contract a disease 感染疾病；sign a contract 签订合同；contract with sb. 与某人订立合同
He contracted a cold after working in the rain for a long time. 他在雨中工作很久后感冒了。
Our company has contracted with a foreign firm to cooperate on the project. 我们公司已与一家外国公司签订合同，合作开展这个项目。
即时练习
(1) 填空：The two companies __________ (contract) with each other last month to promote mutual development.
(2) 汉译英：他在国外旅行时感染了一种罕见的疾病。 He __________ a rare disease during his trip abroad.
3. grant vt.同意；准许 n．拨款
核心搭配：grant sb. sth. 同意给予某人某物；grant a request 答应请求；
The teacher granted us a few more minutes to finish the exercise. 老师同意再给我们几分钟完成练习。
The government provided a grant to help the poor areas build schools. 政府提供了一笔拨款，帮助贫困地区修建学校。
即时练习
(1) 填空：The manager finally __________ (grant) our request for a day off.
(2) 汉译英：政府给这家科研机构提供了一笔巨额拨款。 The government gave a large __________ to this scientific research institution.
4. relay vt.转发；转播 n．接力赛；接班的人
核心搭配：relay a message 转达消息；relay a program 转播节目；
Please relay this message to your classmates as soon as possible. 请尽快把这个消息转达给你的同学。
The TV station will relay the live broadcast of the charity party tonight. 电视台今晚将转播慈善晚会的现场直播。
即时练习
(1) 填空：He __________ (relay) the teacher’s instructions to the whole class carefully.
(2) 汉译英：他在接力赛中表现出色，帮助团队赢得了冠军。
He performed well in the __________ __________ and helped the team win the championship.
5. criterion n．(pl.criteria)标准；准则；原则
核心搭配：meet the criteria 符合标准；set criteria for 为……设定准则；
The school has set strict criteria for students’ academic performance. 学校为学生的学业成绩设定了严格的标准。
All the applicants must meet the criteria to be admitted to the program.
所有申请人必须符合标准才能被该项目录取。
即时练习
(1) 填空：What are the main __________ (criterion) for judging a good teacher
(2) 汉译英：我们需要制定明确的准则来规范这种行为。
We need to set clear __________ to regulate this kind of behavior.
6. ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的→ripen vt.& vi.(使)成熟
核心搭配：ripe fruit 成熟的水果；ripe for 时机成熟的；
The apples are ripe and ready to be picked. 苹果已经成熟，可以采摘了。
The warm sun ripened the tomatoes quickly. 温暖的阳光使西红柿很快成熟了。
The time is ripe for us to start the project. 我们开始这个项目的时机已经成熟。
即时练习
(1) 填空：The bananas will __________ (ripen) in a few days if we put them in a warm place.
(2) 汉译英：这些葡萄还没成熟，需要再放几天。
These grapes are not __________ yet and need to be kept for a few more days.
7. disabled adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→disability n．缺陷；障碍→disable vt.使(某人)残废；使……无能
核心搭配：disabled people 残疾人；physical disability 身体缺陷；
We should show kindness and respect to disabled people. 我们应该对残疾人表示友善和尊重。
His disability didn’t stop him from pursuing his dreams. 他的残疾并没有阻止他追求梦想。
The accident disabled him and he could no longer walk. 那场事故使他残疾，再也不能走路了。
即时练习
(1) 填空：The illness __________ (disable) him for life, but he remained optimistic.
(2) 汉译英：社会应该为残疾人提供更多的帮助和便利。
Society should provide more help and convenience for __________ people.
8. lately adv.最近；不久前；近来→late adj.晚的，迟到的→latest adj.最新的，最近的→later adv.后来；随后 adj.后来的；晚年的
核心搭配：lately = recently 最近；be late for 迟到；the latest news 最新消息；later on 后来
I haven’t seen him lately. 我最近没见过他。
He was late for class because of the heavy rain. 因为大雨，他上课迟到了。
Have you heard the latest news about the charity activity 你听说关于慈善活动的最新消息了吗？
We met at the station and later went to the park together. 我们在车站见面，后来一起去了公园。
即时练习
(1) 填空：Have you seen my brother __________ (late) I can’t find him anywhere.
(2) 汉译英：请关注我们的官网，获取最新动态。
Please pay attention to our official website to get the __________ updates.
9. consultation n．咨询；咨询会→consult vt.咨询；请教→consultant n．顾问
核心搭配：have a consultation with sb. 与某人咨询；consult sb. about sth. 就某事咨询某人；
I need to have a consultation with the doctor about my health. 我需要就我的健康状况咨询医生。
He consulted his teacher about how to improve his English. 他就如何提高英语咨询了他的老师。
We hired a consultant to help us solve the problem. 我们雇了一位顾问来帮助我们解决这个问题。
即时练习
(1) 填空：She works as a __________ (consult) in a famous company.
(2) 汉译英：在做决定之前，他咨询了专业人士的意见。
Before making the decision, he __________ professionals for advice.
10. stability n．稳定(性)；稳固(性)→stable adj.稳定的；牢固的→unstable adj.不稳定的
核心搭配：social stability 社会稳定；unstable situation 不稳定的局势
The government is working hard to maintain social stability. 政府正努力维护社会稳定。
He has a stable job and a happy family. 他有一份稳定的工作和一个幸福的家庭。
The weather is very unstable these days, so we should take care. 这些天天气很不稳定，所以我们要小心。
即时练习
(1) 填空：The country is looking for ways to ensure economic __________ (stable).
(2) 汉译英：这种不稳定的局势不利于地区的发展。
This __________ situation is not conducive to the development of the region.
Ⅱ. 重点短语
1. relay to 转达给……；转发给……
核心搭配：relay a message to sb. 把消息转达给某人；relay sth. to sb. 把某物转发给某人
Please relay my best wishes to your parents. 请把我最美好的祝福转达给你的父母。
She relayed the email to all her colleagues as soon as she received it. 她一收到邮件就转发给了所有同事。
即时练习
(1) 短语填空：Could you __________ this information __________ the other members of the team
(2) 汉译英：他把老师的通知转达给了每一个同学。 He __________ the teacher’s notice __________ every classmate.
2. pray that 但愿；祈祷
核心搭配：pray that+从句 祈祷……；pray for sb./sth. 为某人/某物祈祷
I pray that all the people in need can get help. 我但愿所有有需要的人都能得到帮助。
She prayed that her son would return home safely. 她祈祷她的儿子能平安回家。
即时练习
(1) 短语填空：We __________ __________ our team will win the game.
(2) 汉译英：但愿我们能顺利完成这次公益活动。 We __________ __________ we can finish this public welfare activity smoothly.
3. be dying to do sth 渴望做某事
核心搭配：be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事；be dying for sth. 渴望某物
The children are dying to visit the new park. 孩子们渴望去参观那个新公园。
I am dying to know the result of the exam. 我渴望知道考试的结果。
即时练习
(1) 短语填空：She __________ __________ __________ meet her old friend after many years.
(2) 汉译英：他渴望能有机会去帮助那些贫困地区的孩子。
He __________ __________ __________ have a chance to help the children in poor areas.
4. adapt to 适应
核心搭配：adapt to sth. 适应某物；adapt oneself to sth. 使自己适应某物
It took her a long time to adapt to the new life in the countryside. 她花了很长时间才适应农村的新生活。
We should adapt ourselves to the changing environment. 我们应该使自己适应不断变化的环境。
即时练习
(1) 短语填空：He quickly __________ __________ the new work environment.
(2) 汉译英：年轻人应该学会适应不同的挑战。
Young people should learn to __________ __________ different challenges.
Ⅲ. 重点句型
1. The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere！(be doing...when...正在做……这时……)
译文：几天前，我正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验，在我反应过来之前，混合物冒着泡从试管中涌出，洒得到处都是！
句式解析：be doing...when... 是固定句型，意为“正在做……这时……”，其中when引导并列句，表“突然发生某事”，主句用过去进行时，when引导的从句用一般过去时。be about to do...when... 正要做某事，这时……，be on the point of doing...when... ，正要动手做某事，这时……，had just done...when... 刚做完某事，这时……，这些句型都强调： 前一个动作尚未完成或刚刚完成，就被另一个动作打断 ，语义上与 “be doing...when...” 高度一致。例句如下：
He was on the point of speaking when his wife stopped him.
I was about to leave when it began to rain.
I had just lain down when the phone rang.
即时练习
(1) 填空：I __________ (read) a book when my mother came in.
(2) 汉译英：他正在公园里散步，这时突然开始下雨了。
He __________ __________ in the park when it suddenly started to rain.
2. To be honest，I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all.(doubt whether...)
译文：说实话，我怀疑我是否能给这些男孩们的生活带来不同。
句式解析：doubt whether... 是固定句型，意为“怀疑是否……”，doubt后接whether/if引导的宾语从句；当doubt用于肯定句时，从句用whether/if引导；用于否定句或疑问句时，从句常用that引导。
即时练习
(1) 填空：I doubt whether he __________ (can) finish the work on time.
(2) 汉译英：我怀疑他是否会来参加我们的分享会。
I doubt __________ he will come to our sharing meeting.
3. Now，not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital，but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well.(部分倒装)
译文：现在，有了医院，不仅坦桑尼亚人得到了帮助，而且周边国家的人们也因此受益。
句式解析：not only...but also... 意为“不仅……而且……”，当not only位于句首时，其后的句子要用部分倒装（助动词/情态动词/be动词提到主语前）。 以下否定词位于句首时，主句需部分倒装： never, hardly, seldom, rarely, little, nowhere, not only, not until, no sooner, scarcely, barely, at no time, in no way, under no circumstances 等
即时练习
(1) 填空：Not only __________ he __________ (study) hard, but he also helps others with their studies.
(2) 汉译英：不仅学生们喜欢这个活动，老师们也喜欢。
Not only the students like this activity, but also the teachers __________.
参考答案
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. (1) shaded (2) shade
2. (1) contracted (2) contracted
3. (1) granted (2) grant
4. (1) relayed (2) relay race
5. (1) criteria (2) criteria
6. (1) ripen (2) ripe
7. (1) disabled (2) disabled
8. (1) lately (2) latest
9. (1) consultant (2) consulted
10. (1) stability (2) unstable
Ⅱ. 重点短语
1. (1) relay; to (2) relayed; to
2. (1) pray; that (2) pray; that
3. (1) is; dying; to (2) is; dying; to
4. (1) adapted; to (2) adapt; to
Ⅲ. 重点句型
1. (1) was reading (2) was walking
2. (1) can (2) whether
3. (1) does; study (2) do
Arthur English Research Centre
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. shade vt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩 ；把……涂暗 n．阴凉处；灯罩 ；阴影部分；(深浅不同的)色调
核心搭配：in the shade 在阴凉处；shade sb. from the sun 为某人遮挡阳光；
She sat under the tree to enjoy the shade on a hot afternoon. 炎热的下午，她坐在树下享受阴凉。
He shaded the painting to make the colors more vivid. 他把画涂暗了一些，让色彩更鲜明。
即时练习
(1) 填空：We __________ (shade) ourselves from the sun with an umbrella when we walked on the street.
(2) 汉译英：这片大树的树荫为我们提供了休息的地方。
The __________ of the big trees provided us a place to rest.
2. contract vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约) n．合同；契约
核心搭配：contract a disease 感染疾病；sign a contract 签订合同；contract with sb. 与某人订立合同
He contracted a cold after working in the rain for a long time. 他在雨中工作很久后感冒了。
Our company has contracted with a foreign firm to cooperate on the project. 我们公司已与一家外国公司签订合同，合作开展这个项目。
即时练习
(1) 填空：The two companies __________ (contract) with each other last month to promote mutual development.
(2) 汉译英：他在国外旅行时感染了一种罕见的疾病。 He __________ a rare disease during his trip abroad.
3. grant vt.同意；准许 n．拨款
核心搭配：grant sb. sth. 同意给予某人某物；grant a request 答应请求；
The teacher granted us a few more minutes to finish the exercise. 老师同意再给我们几分钟完成练习。
The government provided a grant to help the poor areas build schools. 政府提供了一笔拨款，帮助贫困地区修建学校。
即时练习
(1) 填空：The manager finally __________ (grant) our request for a day off.
(2) 汉译英：政府给这家科研机构提供了一笔巨额拨款。 The government gave a large __________ to this scientific research institution.
4. relay vt.转发；转播 n．接力赛；接班的人
核心搭配：relay a message 转达消息；relay a program 转播节目；
Please relay this message to your classmates as soon as possible. 请尽快把这个消息转达给你的同学。
The TV station will relay the live broadcast of the charity party tonight. 电视台今晚将转播慈善晚会的现场直播。
即时练习
(1) 填空：He __________ (relay) the teacher’s instructions to the whole class carefully.
(2) 汉译英：他在接力赛中表现出色，帮助团队赢得了冠军。
He performed well in the __________ __________ and helped the team win the championship.
5. criterion n．(pl.criteria)标准；准则；原则
核心搭配：meet the criteria 符合标准；set criteria for 为……设定准则；
The school has set strict criteria for students’ academic performance. 学校为学生的学业成绩设定了严格的标准。
All the applicants must meet the criteria to be admitted to the program.
所有申请人必须符合标准才能被该项目录取。
即时练习
(1) 填空：What are the main __________ (criterion) for judging a good teacher
(2) 汉译英：我们需要制定明确的准则来规范这种行为。
We need to set clear __________ to regulate this kind of behavior.
6. ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的→ripen vt.& vi.(使)成熟
核心搭配：ripe fruit 成熟的水果；ripe for 时机成熟的；
The apples are ripe and ready to be picked. 苹果已经成熟，可以采摘了。
The warm sun ripened the tomatoes quickly. 温暖的阳光使西红柿很快成熟了。
The time is ripe for us to start the project. 我们开始这个项目的时机已经成熟。
即时练习
(1) 填空：The bananas will __________ (ripen) in a few days if we put them in a warm place.
(2) 汉译英：这些葡萄还没成熟，需要再放几天。
These grapes are not __________ yet and need to be kept for a few more days.
7. disabled adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→disability n．缺陷；障碍→disable vt.使(某人)残废；使……无能
核心搭配：disabled people 残疾人；physical disability 身体缺陷；
We should show kindness and respect to disabled people. 我们应该对残疾人表示友善和尊重。
His disability didn’t stop him from pursuing his dreams. 他的残疾并没有阻止他追求梦想。
The accident disabled him and he could no longer walk. 那场事故使他残疾，再也不能走路了。
即时练习
(1) 填空：The illness __________ (disable) him for life, but he remained optimistic.
(2) 汉译英：社会应该为残疾人提供更多的帮助和便利。
Society should provide more help and convenience for __________ people.
8. lately adv.最近；不久前；近来→late adj.晚的，迟到的→latest adj.最新的，最近的→later adv.后来；随后 adj.后来的；晚年的
核心搭配：lately = recently 最近；be late for 迟到；the latest news 最新消息；later on 后来
I haven’t seen him lately. 我最近没见过他。
He was late for class because of the heavy rain. 因为大雨，他上课迟到了。
Have you heard the latest news about the charity activity 你听说关于慈善活动的最新消息了吗？
We met at the station and later went to the park together. 我们在车站见面，后来一起去了公园。
即时练习
(1) 填空：Have you seen my brother __________ (late) I can’t find him anywhere.
(2) 汉译英：请关注我们的官网，获取最新动态。
Please pay attention to our official website to get the __________ updates.
9. consultation n．咨询；咨询会→consult vt.咨询；请教→consultant n．顾问
核心搭配：have a consultation with sb. 与某人咨询；consult sb. about sth. 就某事咨询某人；
I need to have a consultation with the doctor about my health. 我需要就我的健康状况咨询医生。
He consulted his teacher about how to improve his English. 他就如何提高英语咨询了他的老师。
We hired a consultant to help us solve the problem. 我们雇了一位顾问来帮助我们解决这个问题。
即时练习
(1) 填空：She works as a __________ (consult) in a famous company.
(2) 汉译英：在做决定之前，他咨询了专业人士的意见。
Before making the decision, he __________ professionals for advice.
10. stability n．稳定(性)；稳固(性)→stable adj.稳定的；牢固的→unstable adj.不稳定的
核心搭配：social stability 社会稳定；unstable situation 不稳定的局势
The government is working hard to maintain social stability. 政府正努力维护社会稳定。
He has a stable job and a happy family. 他有一份稳定的工作和一个幸福的家庭。
The weather is very unstable these days, so we should take care. 这些天天气很不稳定，所以我们要小心。
即时练习
(1) 填空：The country is looking for ways to ensure economic __________ (stable).
(2) 汉译英：这种不稳定的局势不利于地区的发展。
This __________ situation is not conducive to the development of the region.
Ⅱ. 重点短语
1. relay to 转达给……；转发给……
核心搭配：relay a message to sb. 把消息转达给某人；relay sth. to sb. 把某物转发给某人
Please relay my best wishes to your parents. 请把我最美好的祝福转达给你的父母。
She relayed the email to all her colleagues as soon as she received it. 她一收到邮件就转发给了所有同事。
即时练习
(1) 短语填空：Could you __________ this information __________ the other members of the team
(2) 汉译英：他把老师的通知转达给了每一个同学。 He __________ the teacher’s notice __________ every classmate.
2. pray that 但愿；祈祷
核心搭配：pray that+从句 祈祷……；pray for sb./sth. 为某人/某物祈祷
I pray that all the people in need can get help. 我但愿所有有需要的人都能得到帮助。
She prayed that her son would return home safely. 她祈祷她的儿子能平安回家。
即时练习
(1) 短语填空：We __________ __________ our team will win the game.
(2) 汉译英：但愿我们能顺利完成这次公益活动。 We __________ __________ we can finish this public welfare activity smoothly.
3. be dying to do sth 渴望做某事
核心搭配：be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事；be dying for sth. 渴望某物
The children are dying to visit the new park. 孩子们渴望去参观那个新公园。
I am dying to know the result of the exam. 我渴望知道考试的结果。
即时练习
(1) 短语填空：She __________ __________ __________ meet her old friend after many years.
(2) 汉译英：他渴望能有机会去帮助那些贫困地区的孩子。
He __________ __________ __________ have a chance to help the children in poor areas.
4. adapt to 适应
核心搭配：adapt to sth. 适应某物；adapt oneself to sth. 使自己适应某物
It took her a long time to adapt to the new life in the countryside. 她花了很长时间才适应农村的新生活。
We should adapt ourselves to the changing environment. 我们应该使自己适应不断变化的环境。
即时练习
(1) 短语填空：He quickly __________ __________ the new work environment.
(2) 汉译英：年轻人应该学会适应不同的挑战。
Young people should learn to __________ __________ different challenges.
Ⅲ. 重点句型
1. The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere！(be doing...when...正在做……这时……)
译文：几天前，我正在给男孩们演示一个化学实验，在我反应过来之前，混合物冒着泡从试管中涌出，洒得到处都是！
句式解析：be doing...when... 是固定句型，意为“正在做……这时……”，其中when引导并列句，表“突然发生某事”，主句用过去进行时，when引导的从句用一般过去时。be about to do...when... 正要做某事，这时……，be on the point of doing...when... ，正要动手做某事，这时……，had just done...when... 刚做完某事，这时……，这些句型都强调： 前一个动作尚未完成或刚刚完成，就被另一个动作打断 ，语义上与 “be doing...when...” 高度一致。例句如下：
He was on the point of speaking when his wife stopped him.
I was about to leave when it began to rain.
I had just lain down when the phone rang.
即时练习
(1) 填空：I __________ (read) a book when my mother came in.
(2) 汉译英：他正在公园里散步，这时突然开始下雨了。
He __________ __________ in the park when it suddenly started to rain.
2. To be honest，I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all.(doubt whether...)
译文：说实话，我怀疑我是否能给这些男孩们的生活带来不同。
句式解析：doubt whether... 是固定句型，意为“怀疑是否……”，doubt后接whether/if引导的宾语从句；当doubt用于肯定句时，从句用whether/if引导；用于否定句或疑问句时，从句常用that引导。
即时练习
(1) 填空：I doubt whether he __________ (can) finish the work on time.
(2) 汉译英：我怀疑他是否会来参加我们的分享会。
I doubt __________ he will come to our sharing meeting.
3. Now，not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital，but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well.(部分倒装)
译文：现在，有了医院，不仅坦桑尼亚人得到了帮助，而且周边国家的人们也因此受益。
句式解析：not only...but also... 意为“不仅……而且……”，当not only位于句首时，其后的句子要用部分倒装（助动词/情态动词/be动词提到主语前）。 以下否定词位于句首时，主句需部分倒装： never, hardly, seldom, rarely, little, nowhere, not only, not until, no sooner, scarcely, barely, at no time, in no way, under no circumstances 等
即时练习
(1) 填空：Not only __________ he __________ (study) hard, but he also helps others with their studies.
(2) 汉译英：不仅学生们喜欢这个活动，老师们也喜欢。
Not only the students like this activity, but also the teachers __________.
参考答案
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. (1) shaded (2) shade
2. (1) contracted (2) contracted
3. (1) granted (2) grant
4. (1) relayed (2) relay race
5. (1) criteria (2) criteria
6. (1) ripen (2) ripe
7. (1) disabled (2) disabled
8. (1) lately (2) latest
9. (1) consultant (2) consulted
10. (1) stability (2) unstable
Ⅱ. 重点短语
1. (1) relay; to (2) relayed; to
2. (1) pray; that (2) pray; that
3. (1) is; dying; to (2) is; dying; to
4. (1) adapted; to (2) adapt; to
Ⅲ. 重点句型
1. (1) was reading (2) was walking
2. (1) can (2) whether
3. (1) does; study (2) do