(共62张PPT)
Unit 3 Sports and Fitness
语言知识梳理
1. honour n.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸 v.尊敬;给予表扬;信守(承诺) (honourable adj.值得尊重的)
·It’s an honour for sb to do sth.
对某人来说做某事很荣幸。
feel it an honour to do sth 做某事感到荣幸
in honour of…向……表示敬意;为纪念……
·be/feel honoured to do sth
做某事感到荣幸
2. determination n.决心;决定(determine v.测定;决定;确定 determined adj.坚决的;有决心的)
·determine to do…决定做……(表示动作)
determine on/upon (doing) sth
决定(做)……
·be determined to do…
决心做……(表示状态)
3. injury n.伤害;损伤(injured adj.受伤的;有伤的 injure vt.使受伤;损害)
·do sb an injury=do an injury to sb
伤害某人
·the injured受伤的人;伤员
·get/be injured受伤
4. failure n.失败;失败的人(或事物)(fail v.失败;不及格)
·failure作可数名词,意为“失败者;失败的事”;作不可数名词,意为“失败”。类似用法的单词还有success、surprise、honour、difficulty等。
·fail to do sth 没做成某事
5. compete vi.竞争;对抗(competitive adj.竞争的;竞争心强的;有竞争力的 competitor n.竞争者;竞争对手;参赛者 competition n.竞争;竞赛;比赛)
·compete with/against sb 和某人竞争
compete for sth 为……而竞争
compete in sth 在……中竞争
·in competition with 与……竞争
6. pretend vi. & vt.假装;装扮
pretend to be假装是……
pretend to do sth假装做某事
pretend to be doing sth假装正在做某事
pretend to have done sth假装已经做过某事
pretend that…假装……
7. give up放弃;投降
give in (to)(向……)屈服;投降
give out分发;用光;耗尽
give away赠送;泄露
give way to屈服于;让步于;给……让路
give off散发(光和热等)
give sb a hand帮某人一个忙
8. cut…out停止做(或使用、食用);剪下
cut across穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路)
cut in插嘴
cut off中断;切掉;使隔绝
cut up切碎
cut down砍倒;削减;删节;缩小(尺寸、数量等)
even if引导的让步状语从句
A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.足球运动员不应该假装摔倒,即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。
even if/though意为“尽管;即使”,引导让步状语从句。其引导的状语从句常用一般现在时表将来;当从句的主语和主句的主语一致,并且从句中含有be动词时,从句的主语和be动词一般可以省略。
单元语法深析
观察下面带黑体的部分,并感知附加疑问句的用法。
1. Everything has gone wrong, hasn’t it
2. He must be in his room now, isn’t he
3. Neither of you will have coffee, will you
4. Listen to me carefully, will/won’t you
5. I believe he can make it, can’t he
6. —That isn’t a good idea, is it
—Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.
1. 附加疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是 陈述 句式,后一部分是 疑问 句式,两者用逗号隔开。
2. 附加疑问句一般是前肯定后 否定 ,或者前否定后肯定 。
3. 附加疑问句又称反意疑问句。附加疑问部分一般由 助动词/情态动词/be动词 和表示主语的 代词 构成。
陈述
疑问
否定
肯定
助动词/
情态动词/be动词
代词
1. 附加疑问句的含义及构成
附加疑问句是提出情况或看法,问对方是否同意并提出相反疑问的问句。这种问句都由两部分组成,前一部分用陈述句的形式,后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句,如前一部分为肯定形式,后一部分通常用否定形式;前一部分为否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式,两部分的时态要一致。
(1)肯定式陈述部分+否定附加疑问部分。
You have already got our invitation, haven’t you
我们的请帖你们已经收到了,是吧
(2)否定式陈述部分+肯定附加疑问部分。
You won’t be away for long, will you
你不会离开太久,是吧
(3)祈使句+附加疑问部分。
①肯定祈使句+will you (为了使祈使句听起来更委婉、客气,附加疑问部分还可以用would you、won’t you、can you、could you、can’t you等)
Have another cup of coffee, will you
再喝杯咖啡,好吗
②否定祈使句+will you
Don’t close the door, will you
别关门,好吗
③以Let’s开头的祈使句,其附加疑问部分用shall we或shan’t we;以Let us开头的祈使句,其附加疑问部分用will you。
Let’s go and listen to music, shall we
我们去听音乐,好吗
Let us wait in the reading room, will you
我们在阅览室等,好吗
2. 附加疑问句的特殊情况
(1)陈述部分有no、nothing、nor、never、few、seldom、hardly、rarely、little等表示否定意义的词时,附加疑问部分一般用肯定形式。
Eric made no answer, did he
Eric没有答复,是吗
(2)陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词不影响附加疑问部分的否定形式。
It is impossible, isn’t it
那是不可能的,不是吗
(3)陈述部分的主语是 everything、anything、nothing、this、that等时,附加疑问部分的主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn’t it
一切都准备好了,是吗
(4)陈述部分的主语是 everybody、anyone、somebody、nobody、no one、these、those等时,附加疑问部分的主语常用they,有时也用单数he。
Everyone knows the answer, don’t they
大家都知道答案,不是吗
(5)陈述部分含有must时,附加疑问部分因must后动词的类属和时态的不同而不同。
He must be a doctor, isn’t he (表示对现在的推测)
他一定是位医生,是吗
You must have studied English for three years, haven’t you (对发生在过去但对现在造成影响的动作进行推测)
你一定学过三年英语,是吗
He must have finished the task yesterday, didn’t he (陈述部分中出现了具体的表示过去的时间状语,附加疑问部分要用一般过去时)
昨天,他一定完成了那项任务,是吗
(6)当陈述部分为there be结构时,附加疑问部分也应由there和be构成。
There’s no water, is there
没有水了,是吗
(7)当陈述部分为“I think/suppose/expect/…+宾语从句”结构时,附加疑问部分往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,而且要注意陈述部分的否定转移现象。
I don’t think he cheated in the match, did he
我认为他在比赛中没有作弊,是吗
(8)当陈述部分用“used to+动词原形”时,附加疑问部分用“didn’t+主语”或“usedn’t+主语”形式。
He used to live in the poor country, didn’t/usedn’t he
他过去住在贫穷的乡村,不是吗
3. 附加疑问句的回答
附加疑问句的回答应根据实际情况,而不受提问方式的影响。但在回答“否定式陈述句+肯定附加疑问部分”时,yes译为“不”,no译为“是的”。
—You must have known each other for ages, haven’t you
—No. I knew him just yesterday.
——你们一定认识很久了,不是吗
——不,我昨天才认识他。
—We haven’t been informed, have we
—Yes, we have./No, we haven’t.
——我们没有被通知,是吗
——不,我们已经接到通知了。/对,还没有。
用附加疑问句补全句子
1. He bought a new book, didn’t he
2. You haven’t finished your homework yet, have you
3. The songs in the movie The Sound of Music are really beautiful, aren’t they
4. Miss Li hardly has lunch at school, does she
5. Linda ate nothing this morning, did she
didn’t he
have you
aren’t they
does she
did she
6. Usually there are at least two children in a Western family, aren’t there
7. Nothing is important, is it
8. I don’t think that you can do it carefully, can you
aren’t there
is it
can you
单元主题表达
本单元的写作任务是写一篇有关健康今昔对比的说明文。具体写作结构如图所示:
1. 开头句
(1)I was anxious about my weight and determined to try a new diet.
我担心自己的体重,决定尝试新的饮食方式。
(2)Recently I have been concerned about some pain in my neck.
近来我一直在担心我的颈部疼痛问题。
2. 中间句
(1)Doing physical activity is an important factor in keeping fit.Then I tried to do the following things.
进行体育活动是保持身体健康的一个重要因素。然后我试着做以下事情。
(2)I took part in some sports, such as jogging, swimming and playing basketball.
我参加了一些运动,比如慢跑、游泳和打篮球。
(3)I paid attention to my diet and had the right food.
我关注自己的饮食并吃恰当的食物。
(4)The most important thing that I have done is to keep a good state of mind and enjoy what life offers me.
我所做的最重要的事是保持良好的心态,享受生活所给予的一切。
3. 结尾句
(1)Through this physical activity, not only did we pass our love and friendship to others, but we also enriched our own school life.
通过这次体育活动,我们不仅向别人传递了爱心和友谊,而且还丰富了我们自己的学校生活。
(2)Extra-curricular activities not only make our knowledge rich and broaden our horizons, but also build our bodies.
课外活动不仅丰富了我们的知识,开阔了我们的视野,而且还锻炼了我们的身体。
单元要点回顾
1. 比赛项目;大事;公开活动n. event
2. 主办;主持vt. 主人;东道主;节目主持人n. host
3. 跑道;足迹;铁路轨道n. 追踪;跟踪vt.& vi. track
4. 体操(训练)n. gymnastics
5. 使出汗;出汗弄湿vt. 出汗;流汗vi. 汗水;出汗n. sweat
6. 运动员;运动健儿n. athlete
event
host
track
gymnastics
sweat
athlete
7. 高手;主人n. 精通;掌握vt. master
8. 荣誉;尊敬;荣幸n. honour
9. 奖章;勋章n. medal
10. 冠军;优胜者n. champion
11. 分离;分开;成碎片adv. apart
12. 伤害;损伤n. injury
13. (运动队)队长;船长;机长n. captain
14. 力量;体力n. strength
15. 失败;失败的人(或事物)n. failure
master
honour
medal
champion
apart
injury
captain
strength
failure
16. 竞争;对抗vi. compete
17. 假装;装扮vi.& vt. pretend
18. 作弊;舞弊vi. 欺骗;蒙骗vt. 欺骗手段;骗子n. cheat
19. 观众;听众n. audience
20. 积极的;正面的;乐观的;肯定的adj. positive
21. 苗条的;单薄的adj. slim
22. 规定饮食;日常饮食n. 节食vi. diet
23. 相当;有点儿adv. rather
compete
pretend
cheat
audience
positive
slim
diet
rather
24. 压力;紧张;重音n. 强调;重读;使焦虑不安vt. 焦虑不安vi. stress
25. soccer 足球;足球运动
26. stadium 体育场;运动场
27. boxing 拳击(运动)
28. badminton 羽毛球运动
29. marathon 马拉松赛跑
30. ski 滑雪的;滑雪
stress
足球;足球运动
体育场;运动场
拳击(运动)
羽毛球运动
马拉松赛跑
滑雪的;滑雪
31. gym 健身房;体育馆
32. million 一百万
33. jog 慢跑
34. error 错误;差错
健身房;体育馆
一百万
慢跑
错误;差错
1. 国内外有名的运动员 mous athletes at home and abroad
2. 健康与健美 health and fitness
3. 跑一场激动人心的马拉松 run an exciting marathon
4. 一场电子竞技活动 an e-sports event
5. 一座美丽的中国北方城市 a beautiful city in northern China
famous athletes at home and abroad
health and fitness
run an exciting marathon
an e-sports event
a beautiful city in northern
China
6. 主办青年滑雪比赛 host the Youth Ski Race
7. 田径运动会 Track Meet
8. 田径爱好者的盛事 a great event for track-and-field lovers
9. 在体育馆做运动 work out at a gym
10. 流汗以保持健康 sweat your way to good health
11. 成功做到 make it
12. 至少一周三次 at least three times a week
13. 减轻体重 lose weight
host the Youth Ski Race
Track Meet
a great event for track-and-field
lovers
work out at a gym
sweat your way to good health
make it
at least three times a week
lose weight
14. 推荐使用动感单车 recommend using the spin bike
15. 过去常常每天来这里 used to come here every day
16. 由你决定 up to you
17. 运动健将 masters in their sports
18. 给别人树立好榜样 set good examples for others
19. 把你读到的和你已经知道的联系起来 relate what you read to what you already k
20. 为她的国家带来荣誉和荣耀 bring honour and glory to her country
recommend using the spin bike
used to come here every day
up to you
masters in their sports
set good examples for others
relate what you read
to what you already know
bring honour and glory to
her country
21. 带领中国女排在世界锦标赛和奥运会上获得奖牌 lead the China women’s volleyball team to medals at worldships and the Olympi cs
22. 受国内外的粉丝喜爱 be loved by fans at home and abroad
23. 为2015年世界杯做准备 prepare for the 2015 World Cup
24. 破裂;破碎;崩溃 fall apart
25. 由于 because of
lead the
China women’s volleyball team to medals at world
championships and the Olympics
be loved by fans at home and
abroad
prepare for the 2015 World
Cup
fall apart
because of
26. 一个巨大的挑战 a big challenge
27. 丧失信心;泄气 lose heart
28. 面对困难 face difficulties
29. 世界冠军 world champions
30. 听起来很有意思 sound interesting
31. 来加入我们 come along and join us
32. 为他的祖国而战 compete for his country
33. 我想是这样的 I guess so
34. 那没有任何意义 that doesn’t make any sense
a big challenge
lose heart
face difficulties
world champions
sound interesting
come along and join us
compete for his country
I guess so
that doesn’t make any sense
35. 我不这么看 that’s not how I see it
36. 同意这个观点 agree with the idea
37. 公平竞争 fair play
38. 一个字母能产生这么大的影响 a letter could make such a difference
39. 考虑健身而不是体重 think about fitness rather than weight
40. 减少我喜欢的食物 cut out the foods I enjoy
that’s not how I see it
agree with the idea
fair play
a letter could make such
a difference
think about fitness rather than
weight
cut out the foods I enjoy
41. 在我的膳食中添加健康食品 add healthy foods to my meals
42. 时不时地 now and then
43. 与……相似 similar to
44. 与……有共同之处 in common with
45. 拼写错误 spelling errors
46. 在孩子们的生活中扮演非常重要的角色 play a very valuable role in children’s lives
add healthy foods to my
meals
now and then
similar to
in common with
spelling errors
play a very
valuable role in children’s lives
47. 处理 deal with
48. ……是没用的 there is no use…
49. 看穿一切 see through it
50. 去看比赛 head to the game
51. 听起来很棒 sound great
52. 十五个中有八个 eight out of fifteen
53. 一对一运动 one-on-one sports
deal with
there is no use…
see through it
head to the game
sound great
eight out of fifteen
one-on-one sports
1. 这个星期六下午你为什么不和我们一起去呢
Why don’t you join us this Saturday afternoon
2. 如果你也想减肥,我建议你骑动感单车。
If you want to lose weight , too, I recommend using the spin bike.
Why don’t you join us
lose weight
recommend using
3. 也许一开始你会(很累),但你会习惯的。我刚开始的时候每天都来这里。
Maybe at first, but you’ll get used to it. I used to co me here every day when I first started.
4. 郎平建立的队伍正在分崩离析。
The team that/which Lang Ping had built was falling apart .
get used to
used to come
here
that/which
falling
apart
5. 失去两位重要的球员是一个很大的挑战,但郎平并没有失去信心。
Losing two important players was a big challenge , but Lang Ping did not lose heart .
6. 这位被称为“飞人乔丹”的球员用他优雅的动作和跳跃改变了篮球。
The player who became known as “Air Jordan” changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps.
Losing
a big challenge
lose heart
who
known as
with
7. 比赛失利教会了他更加努力地练习,永不放弃。
Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give up .
8. 他(乔丹)在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。
The Boys and Girls Club which/that he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.
to practise harder
never
give up
which/that
has been helping
9. 迈克尔·乔丹认为帮助别人是很重要的。
Michael Jordan believes that it is important to help others .
10. 我同意足球运动员不应该假装摔倒的观点,即使这对他或她的球队有帮助。
I agree with the idea that a soccer player should never pretend to fall down even if it helps his or her team.
11. 我不知道一个字母能产生这么大的影响!
I had no idea a letter could make such a difference !
to help others
agree with the idea that
pretend to
even if
had no idea
make such a difference
12. 一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重,事情就开始改变了。
Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight, things began to change.
13. 我没有减少我喜欢的食物,而是在我的膳食中添加了健康的食品。
Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to my meals.
Once
rather than
Rather than
added
to
基础词汇 拓展词汇 1 fit v. 适合;合身;安装;使适应;使合身 fitness n. 健康;健壮;适合 fitting n. 试穿;配件;装配;装置 adj. 合适的;恰当的 fitted adj. 合适的;合身的;定做的;安装好的
fit
fitting
fitted
基础词汇 拓展词汇 2 sweat vt. 使出汗;出汗弄湿 vi. 出汗;流汗 n. 汗水;出汗 sweaty adj. 满是汗的;出汗的;吃力的 sweater n. 毛衣;针织衫 /
3 athlete n. 运动员;运动健儿 athletic adj. 运动的;运动员的;体格健壮的;擅长运动的 athleticallyadv. 运动地;活跃地 athletics n. 田径运动;体育运动;竞技
sweaty
sweater
athletic
athletically
athletics
基础词汇 拓展词汇 4 honour n. 荣誉;尊敬;荣幸;光荣 n ourabl adj. 荣誉的;光荣的;尊敬的;高尚的 nourablyadj. 名誉的;荣誉的;无报酬的;义务的 noura bly
adv. 值得尊敬地;体面地
5 glory n. 荣誉;光荣;赞美;辉煌;壮丽;赞颂 glorious adj. 光荣的;辉煌的;壮丽的;值得称道的 glorify vt. 赞美;赞颂;美化;吹捧 /
honourably
glorious
glorify
honourable
honorary
基础词汇 拓展词汇 6 determinev. 决定;确定;测定;查明;决心 determination n.决心;决定;确定;坚毅 eterminedadj. 坚定的;坚决的;果断的;坚毅的 determinateadj. 确定的;限定的;明确的
7 injure vt. 使受伤;损害;伤害 injury n. 伤害;损伤;损害;毁坏 injured adj. 受伤的;受损害的;受委屈的 injurious adj. 有害的;致伤的
determine
determined
determinate
injury
injured
基础词汇 拓展词汇 8 grace n. 优雅;优美;风度;魅力;文雅 graceful adj. 优美的;优雅的;得体的;雅致的 gracelessadj. 不优雅的;不优美的;粗野的;不懂礼貌的 gracefullyadv. 优雅地;温文地
9 strong adj. 强壮的;强大的;强烈的;坚强的 strength n. 力量;体力;强度;长处;实力 strengthen vi.& vt. 加强;增强;巩固;强化 stronglyadv. 坚定地;坚决地;强烈地
grace
graceless
gracefully
strong
strengthen
strongly
基础词汇 拓展词汇 10 fail v. 失败;不及格;未能;衰退;破产 failure n. 失败;失败的人(或事物) failed adj. 不成功的;失败的 unfailingadj. 经久不衰的;永恒的;始终不变的
11 positive adj. 积极的;正面的;乐观的;肯定的 positivelyadv. 肯定地;积极地;明确地;带正电地 positivity n. 积极性;肯定性;阳性;正性 /
fail
failed
unfailing
positively
positivity
基础词汇 拓展词汇 12 stress n. 压力;紧张;重音 vt. 强调;重读;使焦虑不安vi. 焦虑不安 stressfuladj. 压力大的;令人紧张的;产生压力的 stressed adj. 焦虑不安的;受压的;重读的 /
13 compete vi. 竞争;对抗;比赛;争夺 competitionn. 竞争;比赛;竞赛 competitorn. 竞争者;对手;参赛者 competitive adj. 竞争的;竞赛的;有竞争力的
stressful
stressed
competition
competitor
competitive