Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
夯基培优练(一)
(Listening & Speaking) [P18]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. M orals are principles and beliefs concerning right and wrong.
2. Among his many v irtues are courtesy (礼貌), courage and loyalty.
3. A d ilemma is a difficult situation in which you have to choose between two or more alternatives.
4. We could hear their voices growing fainter (faint) as they walked down the road.
5. It was probably at that moment that I understood what kindness (kind) really was.
6. At last we came to a town and found a quiet hotel, next to which was a thick wood.
7. Designing a powerful beginning is crucial—not only does it make readers stay with your story, it also helps you develop the plot.
8. I have pleasure in introducing to you the man without whose generosity (generous) your club would cease to exist.
9. Once a student is caught cheating (cheat) in an exam, he/she will be severely punished.
10. If a place is gloomy (gloom), it is almost dark so that you can’t see very well.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
in a dilemma be sure about
fall down pay attention to
be faced with in trouble
be eager to in disguise
be grateful to disagree with
1. I’m sorry, I wasn’t paying attention to what you were saying.
2. She was in a dilemma as to whether to stay at school or get a job.
3. If you are reading this on your way to work, then your marriage may already be in trouble .
4. If he isn’t/is not sure about something, he will ask the same question over and over again.
5. We feel quite secure now because of presence of policemen in disguise in the public.
6. Faced with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
7. People around you will be eager to know what you will do next.
8. There are over 5,800 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which could fall down onto Earth.
9. I would be grateful to you if you could give me some advice on how to improve my spoken English.
10. About 68 percent of those surveyed disagree with the opinion that reading is boring or old-fashioned.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★complain vi.& vt. 抱怨;发牢骚complaint n. 投诉;抱怨;控告;不满
【归纳拓展】
complain to sb about/of sth
向某人抱怨/投诉某事
have no complaints 没有抱怨
have a complaint 有意见
【即学即练】
(1)她向老师抱怨作业太多。
She complained to the teacher about too much homework.
(2)我没什么可抱怨的,一切都很顺利。
I have no complaints . Everything is going well.
(3)员工们对新的工作时间表有意见。
Employees have a complaint about the new working schedule.
2. ★marriage n. 结婚;婚姻 marry vi.& vt.(和某人)结婚;嫁;娶 married adj. 已婚的 unmarried adj. 未婚的
【归纳拓展】
marry sb 和某人结婚;嫁给/娶某人
be/get married to sb 和某人结婚
a failed/broken marriage 失败的/破裂的婚姻
【即学即练】
(1)她和大学时的恋人结婚了。
She married/got married to her college sweetheart.
(2)主角是一个逃避失败婚姻的记者。
The main character is a journalist in flight from a failed marriage .
Ⅳ. 重要句型
原句: If I were ever in a situation like the girl faced, I think I would choose to…
点睛:本句包含一个由if 引导的虚拟条件状语从句。当表示对现在不可能实现的情况做出假设时,从句谓语动词用一般过去式,主句则用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”的结构。
【易混辨析】
If引导的虚拟条件状语从句
If从句的 谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
Present did/were would/should/could/might do
Past had done would/should/could/might have done
Future were/did were to do should do would/should/could/might do
【即学即练】
1. If I were (be) in your position, I would work (work) hard.
2. If you had put (put) the gold watch in a safe place, you would not have lost it.
3. If our train should arrive on time, we would have (have) time to visit your sister.
4. If he had not missed the train, he would have got (get) there by then.
5. If I had not run (not run) out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper.
6. If you had been with us,you would have understood (understand) our excitement.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
A
To truly help our planet, we need to connect with it. And the good news is you don’t have to be a qualified expert to support the cause. Here are some of the many incredible projects looking for volunteers.
Big Butterfly Count
Scheduled between 18 July and 10 August in 2025, involvement in this project run by Butterfly Conservation is more important than ever, as the 2024 results indicate a significant drop of these beautiful biodiversity indicators. Participants are asked to spend 15 minutes every day recording butterflies they see, either via their website tracker or app. Head to bigbutterflycount.org to join in.
The Great UK WaterBlitz
This twice-a-year campaign from the Freshwater Wash aims to assess water quality across the UK. The next one runs from 25—28 April 2025, and asks volunteers to record the water quality in local freshwater sources. To help in the upcoming campaign, simply register your interest at greatukwaterblitz.org to receive more information, along with your own water testing kit.
The Big Garden Birdwatch
Organised by RSPB, the world’s largest garden wildlife survey runs in January each year, and asks volunteers to sign up to simply watch their gardens for an hour each day, recording the birds they see. In 2024, more than 600,000 people participated in the UK, and recorded an incredible 9.7 million birds. Visit rspb.org for more details.
Nature’s Calendar
This initiative by the Woodland Trust looks to track seasonal shifts and patterns, to see how climate change is affecting our ecosystems. The easy, three-step process requires you to pick a species and behaviour, decide the area you’re recording, and make a note on the online system of the dates of these actions. Get involved by visiting woodlandtrust.org.
( B )1. Which project equips participants with tools
A. Big Butterfly Count.
B. The Great UK WaterBlitz.
C. The Big Garden Birdwatch.
D. Nature’s Calendar.
( C )2. What is the main goal of Nature’s Calendar
A. To inform the public of seasonal shifts.
B. To demonstrate biodiversity on a calendar.
C. To monitor the impacts of climate change.
D. To protect the wildlife living in your area.
( C )3. What do the four projects have in common
A. They take place on a yearly basis.
B. They are limited to nature reserves.
C. They collect data recorded by participants.
D. They ask experts to guide volunteers.
语篇解读:本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个招募志愿者的环保项目。
1. B 【解析】 细节理解题。根据The Great UK WaterBlitz部分中的“To help in the upcoming campaign…to receive more information, along with your own water testing kit.”可知,The Great UK WaterBlitz项目为参与者配备工具。
2. C 【解析】 细节理解题。根据Nature’s Calendar部分中的“This initiative by the Woodland Trust looks to track seasonal shifts and patterns, to see how climate change is affecting our ecosystems.”可知,Nature’s Calendar项目的主要目标是监测气候变化的影响。
3. C 【解析】 细节理解题。根据Big Butterfly Count部分中的“Participants are asked to spend 15 minutes everyday recording butterflies they see…”;The Great UK WaterBlitz部分中的“The next one runs from…and asks volunteers to record the water quality in local freshwater sources.”;The Big Garden Birdwatch部分中的“Organised by RSPB…asks volunteers to sign up to simply watch their gardens for an hour each day, recording the birds they see.”及Nature’s Calendar部分中的“The easy, three-step process requires you to pick a species and behaviour, decide the area you’re recording, and make a note on…”可知,这四个项目的共同之处是它们都会收集参与者记录的数据。
B
An important lesson in the moral education of children may be closer than imagined—it could be right there in the books they are holding. Stories can be helpful for building moral values in young audiences, according to the results of a new study.
“Media can greatly influence children’s moral values and get them to place more or less importance on the values according to what is uniquely stressed in that content.” says Lindsay Hahn, PhD, a professor in the University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences.
Hahn is the first author of the new study, which explores how media content influences children. Many previous studies have focused on wide ideas, like positive or negative effects of specific content. However, Hahn’s study looks at how reading of content featuring specific moral values (care, fairness, loyalty, and authority) might influence the weight that kids place on those values.
Do children who read about particular moral characteristics absorb those qualities and build their own morality The findings suggest so, and further support how this approach can help to teach the moral principles that kids might receive through formal instruction.
For the study, Hahn and her team took the main character from a teen novel and edited the content to create four different story versions (版本). Each version showed one of four moral values that the study focused on. Then those stories were read by about 200 participants between the ages of 10 and 14.
This age group is the best for media research. Hahn explained the reason, “It is more difficult for younger children to understand stories, while it is also challenging to hold the attention of older teenagers, who become bored with simple storylines.” The team then designed a scale (量表) to measure the importance that kids place on moral values, so as to determine how participants might be influenced by specific stories.
( B )4. What is the results of the new study
A. Stories should be spread more by media.
B. Stories help children develop moral values.
C. Children learn moral values from their parents.
D. Children like reading books full of fumy stories.
( C )5. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3
A. The branches of media research.
B. The impact on children’s literature.
C. The comparison with previous studies.
D. The response of the public to the study.
( D )6. Why did the researchers choose participants aged from 10 to 14
A. Their moral values cannot be easily influenced.
B. They are in a critical stage of moral development.
C. This age group has better moral values than others.
D. They can understand the stories and won’t lose interest.
( D )7. Where does this passage probably come from
A. A social report.
B. A blog post.
C. A school textbook.
D. An education magazine.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究发现——故事有助于儿童道德价值观的形成。
4. B 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Stories can be helpful for building moral values in young audiences, according to the results of a new study.”可知,新研究的结果表明故事对儿童道德价值观的形成有帮助。
5. C 【解析】 段落大意题。通读第三段的内容可知,本段提到许多先前的研究关注宽泛的概念,而Hahn的研究则聚焦于阅读特定道德价值观的内容如何影响孩子对这些价值观的重视程度。此处通过However形成对比,强调新研究与以往研究的差异。由此可知,本段主要讨论的是与先前研究的对比。
6. D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“This age group is the best for media research…‘It is more difficult for younger children to understand stories, while it is also challenging to hold the attention of older teenagers, who become bored with simple storylines.’”可知,研究人员选择10到14岁的参与者是因为这个年龄段的孩子既能理解故事,又不会对故事失去兴趣。
7. D 【解析】 文章出处题。通读全文尤其是第一段内容可知,文章主要介绍了一项关于故事对儿童道德价值观影响的新研究。由此推知,本文可能出自一本教育杂志。
Ⅵ. 语法填空
When you meet someone, always shake their hands. Say “please” when you ask for something. Stand up when an older person enters the room.
Every country has a system of manners,that is,rules for behaviour. Each particular culture has a history of 1 (accept) behaviour. People teach these manners to their children. Everyone in a culture 2 (usual) agrees on what is good behaviour and what is not.
When you visit a new place, you need to learn 3 manners for that place. But what will happen when many different people come together What if they do not know the rules in this place The Internet is a place like this. People use the Internet for many things. One of the most important is 4 (communicate).The Internet 5 (help) people communicate quickly. And there are many different ways to communicate 6 (use) the Internet. People e-mail long messages to friends or co-workers. They post short messages and links on social networks. Or people add 7 (they) comments to news websites and online group discussions.
But in all these ways of communicating,people sometimes write hurtful things. That is 8 many people think it is important to teach Internet manners. Some schools and universities now teach students to correct Internet behaviour. There are many rules 9 (follow). Today we will look at just a few of them 10 asking the questions:Who What How and Where
1. accepted 2. usually
3. the 4. communication
5. helps 6. using
7. their 8. why
9. to follow 10. by
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同文化中的礼仪规则以及互联网礼仪的重要性。
1. accepted 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语动词为has,空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接,应使用非谓语动词;此处表示behaviour的特征,应使用动词-ed形式作前置定语。
2. usually 【解析】 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰动词agrees,应使用副词形式usually作agrees的状语。
3. the 【解析】 考查冠词。句意:当你去一个新地方时,你需要学习那个地方的礼仪。此处表示特指,空格处应使用定冠词the。
4. communication 【解析】 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处应使用communicate的名词形式communication作is的表语。
5. helps 【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上下文可知,此处应用一般现在时;又因主语The Internet表达单数概念,动词应用单数形式,故填helps。
6. using 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语动词为are,空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接,应使用非谓语动词;use和逻辑主语many different ways构成主谓关系,应使用动词-ing形式作定语。
7. their 【解析】 考查代词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词comments。
8. why 【解析】 考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导表语从句,上文解释了人们认为需要教授网络礼仪的原因,此处应使用关系副词why。
9. to follow 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语动词为are,空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接,应使用非谓语动词;follow和逻辑主语many rules构成动宾关系,应使用动词不定式作后置定语。
10. by 【解析】 考查介词。句意:今天我们将仅选取其中的一部分进行探讨,通过提出以下问题来展开:谁 什么 怎么 在哪里呢 说明动作是如何完成的,应使用介词by。
夯基培优练(二)
(Reading & Thinking)[P22]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. He is an energetic (energy) man. He never looks tired.
2. Organised by the Student U nion , an English writing competition took place in our school last week.
3. The boys were still standing there, too shocked and scared (scare) to move.
4. He made an appointment with the manager and arrived at the appointed time. Later, he was appointed to an important post.(appoint)
5. The publisher demanded that his book (should) be published in Chinese.(publish)
6. Some of us do so because we need people to like us; our greatest fear is of being abandoned or rejected (reject).
7. Hiring (hire) more campus police would cost money, possibly making our tuition go up again.
8. The school board is made up of parents who have been elected (elect) to make decisions about school affairs.
9. Prices have risen steadily during the past two decades (decade).
10. Nothing is more p recious to me than my good health.
11. There is a growing tendency (tend) for people to work at home instead of in the office.
12. I refuse to lie about it, because it’s against my p rinciple .
13. A retired (retire) person is an older person who has left his or her job and has usually stopped working completely.
14. His p assive attitude made me really annoyed.
15. It is required by the rules that students shall get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the s holarship .
16. My brother is an excellent saver ; he always puts a portion of his allowance into his savings account.(save)
Ⅱ. 短语填空
be appointed as tend to
be affected by care for
be scared of stay single
play a role in treat…as…
1. Mary was scared of the dark that her mum gave her a torch to keep under her pillow.
2. Appointed as manager, John works day and night and wants to make a difference in his department.
3. He tends to lose his temper when he knows someone is speaking ill of him behind his back.
4. With the government’s aid, those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
5. Nowadays a lot of people would rather stay single because they are tired of giving their everything and ending up with nothing.
6. It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.
7. Because he is too ready to help others, the local people treat him as a hero.
8. While the studies are still in the early stages, the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a role in preventing cognitive (认知的) falling.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★respond vt.回答;回复vi. 做出反应;回应 response n. 反应;回答;回复;响应 responsive adj. 反应迅速的;敏感的
【归纳拓展】
respond to sb/sth 回应某人/某事
respond with… 以……回应
immediate response 即时反应
positive/negative response 积极/消极回应
in response to 作为对……的回应
trigger a response 引发反应
be responsive to…
对……作出反应;对……敏感的
【即学即练】
(1)政府需要快速回应公众的担忧。
The government needs to respond to the pubic’s concerns promptly.
(2)企业必须对顾客的需求作出反应。
Firms have to be responsive to consumer demand.
(3)作为对投诉的回应,公司改进了服务。
In response to complaints , the company improved its services.
(4)他用一个微笑回应了尴尬的问题。
He responded with a smile to the awkward question.
(5)她的演讲引发了观众的热烈反响。
Her speech triggered a strong response from the audience.
2. ★tend vt. 照顾;照料 vi. 倾向;趋于 tendency n. 倾向;趋势
【归纳拓展】
tend to do sth 倾向于做某事
tend towards… 倾向于……方向
tend a store 照看店铺
tend the injured 护理伤者
have a tendency to… 有……的倾向
natural tendency 天性;自然倾向
【即学即练】
(1)人们往往忽视自己的缺点。
People tend to overlook their own flaws.
(2)这些植物倾向于生长在更偏远的乡村地区。
These plants have a tendency to grow in the more rural areas.
(3)她天生非常小心谨慎。
She has a strong natural tendency towards caution.
(4)社会正朝着更加包容的方向发展。
Society is tending towards greater inclusiveness.
(5)护士们正在细心护理伤员。
The nurses are tending the injured carefully.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
1. 原句:To a person nothing is more precious than their life.
点睛:否定词+比较级用来表示最高级。
【即学即练】
(1)在人类历史中,没有什么比自由更值得为之奋斗的了。
Nothing is more worth fighting for than freedom in human history.
(2)对于冒险者来说,没有什么比未知的挑战更令人兴奋的了。
For adventurers, no challenge is more exciting than the unknown .
(3)在危机时刻,没有什么比团结更强大的了。
In times of crisis, nothing is more powerful than unity .
2. 原句:In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
点睛:序数词修饰的名词后面通常用to do作后置定语。
【即学即练】
(1)他是第一个在会议上提出创新方案的人。
He was the first person to propose an innovative plan at the meeting.
(2)这位运动员成为第三个打破世界纪录的亚洲选手。
The athlete became the third Asian competitor to break the world record .
(3)我们需要找到第二个愿意承担这项艰巨任务的志愿者。
We need to find the second volunteer to undertake this challenging task.
(4)这是人类历史上第五艘成功登陆火星的探测器。
This is the fifth probe to successfully land on Mars in human history.
Ⅴ. 完形填空
Most teens I meet these days lack basic social courtesy when dealing with people.
My own son, who basically 1 with his grandmother, the original manners guru (专家), has perfect table manners. This is partly because he was 2 to manners at a very young age. However, when we ate at home, he would not 3 manners. So I asked him why. He said, “I behave the way I am supposed to 4 when I’m out, but when I am at home I want to be comfortable.”
That’s when I realised that most parents, myself included, do 5 their children the proper way to behave outside the home, but they are also 6 to believe that at home, anything goes.
My 7 to him was “good behaviour has nothing to do with where you are or whom you are with”.
Then he answered, “But I behave 8 when I’m with others so that they think better of me.” And that is when I realised that I was doing things all 9 . I explained to him that it had nothing to do with what people think. This confused him even more.
So I went on to explain that behaviour, whether in your everyday 10 with people or at the dining table at home, is an expression of who you are. Well, at the age of 13, he got it.
So basically, what I am saying is that teaching your children 11 comes with the underlying lesson that it is not about what to do or not to do, but rather, who they are. This way it is not 12 ; it comes from within.
Teach your teens or children the 13 courtesy of greeting their friends’ parents and 14 themselves when they go to someone’s home. Teach teenage boys to open the door of a car, or any door for anyone who matters, for any girl, whether they are their girlfriends or not. This includes holding elevator doors or letting women step out of the elevator first.
Just 15 that teenage boys who practise good manners and courtesy grow up to become men who respect people in general.
( B )1. A. came up B. grew up
C. turned up D. showed up
( A )2. A. exposed B. limited
C. cared D. concerned
( B )3. A. learn B. practise
C. remember D. make
( D )4. A. live B. obey
C. react D. behave
( A )5. A. teach B. offer
C. guide D. support
( B )6. A. attended on B. brought up
C. cared about D. depended on
( A )7. A. answer B. devotion
C. apology D. affection
( D )8. A. strangely B. nervously
C. calmly D. properly
( C )9. A. reasonable B. important
C. wrong D. necessary
( D )10. A. competition B. argument
C. struggle D. interaction
( C )11. A. lessons B. skills
C. manners D. examples
( D )12. A. practical B. natural
C. gradual D. mechanical
( C )13. A. minor B. formal
C. basic D. casual
( B )14. A. pleasing B. introducing
C. enjoying D. amusing
( D )15. A. consider B. confirm
C. predict D. remember
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了现代社会许多青少年与人相处的时候缺乏基本的礼仪的现状。作者通过自己教孩子餐桌礼仪的经历,说明了礼仪的重要性,认为礼貌是孩子通常的行为方式和内在品质。
1. B 【解析】 考查动词短语。根据下文中的“This is partly because he was 2 to manners at a very young age.”可知,此处指作者的儿子是跟着祖母这个礼仪专家长大的。
2. A 【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的“perfect table manners”可知,作者的儿子在餐桌礼仪方面表现非常好,后面对此进行解释,这是因为儿子从小就接触到这方面的教育。
3. B 【解析】 考查动词。根据空格前的“However, when we ate at home, he would not”可知,作者的儿子很懂礼貌,但是在家里吃饭的时候却不遵守礼仪。practise意为“经常做;养成……的习惯”。
4. D 【解析】 考查动词。根据空格前的“I behave the way”可知,此处指在外表现出应有的行为举止。
5. A 【解析】 考查动词。根据空格后的“their children the proper way to behave outside the home”可知,作者意识到大多数父母的确教了孩子们在外举止有礼。
6. B 【解析】 考查动词短语。根据上文语境并结合常识可知,父母教育孩子们在外行为要得体,父母对孩子是养育,此处指父母在养育孩子的过程中。
7. A 【解析】 考查名词。根据空格后的“good behaviour has nothing to do with where you are or whom you are with”并结合上文语境可知,此处指作者就儿子关于外面和家里的不同的举止的看法给出了自己的回答,即表现得有礼貌是不分场合的。
8. D 【解析】 考查副词。根据空格后的“when I’m with others so that they think better of me”并结合上文语境可知,上文已经提到了作者的儿子在外面的表现,作者的儿子仍然认为当他和别人在一起的时候,举止是恰当的就可以了。
9. C 【解析】 考查形容词。根据上文中的“But I behave 8 when I’m with others so that they think better of me.”及空格后的“I explained to him that it had nothing to do with what people think.”可知,作者意识到自己以前的教育出了问题。
10. D 【解析】 考查名词。根据上文中的“when I’m with others”可知,此处表示在与他人进行交往互动的时候。
11. C 【解析】 考查名词。根据上下文语境可知,此处指作者通过和儿子的交谈,告诉人们在教孩子们举止行为的时候要注意的问题。
12. D 【解析】 考查形容词。根据空格后的“it comes from within”可知,这种举止的意识来自内心,此处指这种意识不是呆板的。mechanical意为“机械般的;呆头呆脑的”。
13. C 【解析】 考查形容词。根据空格后的“courtesy of greeting their friends’ parents”可知,此处指教给孩子们基本的礼仪。
14. B 【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的“greeting their friends’ parents”及空格后的“themselves when they go to someone’s home”可知,此处表示去别人家的时候如何进行自我介绍。
15. D 【解析】 考查动词。根据下文语境可知,此处是作者给读者的忠告,人们应该记住:那些养成良好行为的孩子们长大后通常懂得尊敬别人。
夯基培优练(三)
(Discovering Useful Structures, Listening & Talking) [P25]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The factory r eplaces most of its workers with robots.
2. Bitten (bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver the letters to our house unless the dog was chained (chain).
3. The island mainly depends on the grain imported (import) from other countries and exports (export) its seafood.
4. It was suggested that the fire was not accidental (accident).
5. —What did he whisper to you just now
—He said he had been admitted to the big company in an excited whisper.
6. She got a job as a sales assistant (assist) selling handbags.
7. I found that I could memorise (memory) the word more easily once I understood its meaning.
8. Cheaper energy conservation techniques have been put into operation (operate) in the developed world.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
take place by accident
a great deal of first aid
in memory of pass away
at midnight in response to
1. The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist.
2. I have spent a great deal of time improving my maths.
3. It was at midnight that he came back, which made his parents very angry.
4. She arrived just as we were leaving, but whether this was by accident or on purpose, I’m not sure.
5. All I received in response to my request was “Wait.”
6. He hurt his leg during the football match and some of us gave him first aid .
7. While some things may pass away , you know that our love and affection will not.
8. A local radio station said that several eruptions had taken place in the past twenty years.
Ⅲ. 语法突破——动词-ing形式作状语或宾语补足语
现在分词(Present Participle)由动词原形加-ing构成(如doing、 writing),属于非谓语动词的一种。其在句中不可单独作谓语,但可充当以下成分:
定语: The girl standing there is my sister.
表语: The movie is exciting.
宾语补足语: I saw him running in the park.
状语: Hearing the news, she burst into tears.
现在分词的时态与语态形式:
形式 主动 语态 被动 语态 核心用法及意义说明
一般式 doing being done 分词动作与谓语动作同时发生,表示主动或进行
完成式 having done having been done 分词动作先于谓语动作发生,强调动作先后
否定 形式 在现在分词前直接加 not: Not knowing the answer, he kept silent.
【即学即练】
1. Witnesses said they saw her walking (walk) towards her office at 11 that day.
2. Canada is a country consisting (consist) of many different nationalities.
3. Approaching (approach) the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.
4. I ran faster than ever, reaching (reach) the schoolyard out of breath.
5. When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, wondering (wonder) whether to stay or leave.
6. When we visited my old family home, memory came flooding (flood) back.
7. The other day while walking (walk) in the park, she noticed an advertisement for photography lessons.
8. The young man stood up suddenly, spilling (spill) a cup of coffee on my shirt.
9. She was living alone, begging (beg) for food from neighbours.
10. Not knowing (know) the way, he had to ask someone for directions.
11. Having finished (finish) his homework, he went out to play.
12. I saw him running (run) across the street.
13. The boy walked into the room, not carrying (carry) anything in his hands.
14. 因手术后还没有完全康复,医生建议Mary 再住院两周。
Not having fully recovered from the operation, Mary was advised to stay in hospital for another two weeks by the doctor.
15. 这位年轻女士全身心投入工作,几乎没有时间照顾自己的女儿。
Devoting herself to the work , the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
For some years, my mother worked for a charity as President and Secretary. Selling raffle tickets (兑奖券) was her main means of bringing in the charity’s much-needed funds.We girls would accompany her, selling tickets with great success. My father made and donated beautiful wooden toys, jewellery boxes and other lovely items as prizes.
Now my sister was always coming up with “good ideas”, most of which didn’t work out to plan. But that didn’t deter her. She had many just waiting to be tested.When she was eight and I was just five, we had a wonderful idea for a business adventure.We decided we would sell raffle tickets for charity, and that charity was us!
So one afternoon, we told our mother we were going to play in the park with our cousins as we did most days after school.But instead, we walked around the streets armed with a raffle book, a pen and a large cloth bag to carry the money.
We’d accompanied our mother many times when she sold tickets, so people were familiar with us when we appeared at their doors. Despite the blank looks they received when asking about the prizes on offer, they were very generous. Although there were no actual prizes, our mother’s previous track record enabled us to sell nearly the whole book of raffle tickets.
Like a little pair of lottery (彩票) winners, we walked home and proudly showed off our takings. But our enjoyment of this sudden wealth was short-lived, and our plans for spending it quickly failed. Our angry mother took us back to every ticket buyer, making us apologise and give the money back.Thankfully, our sweet neighbours didn’t make a big deal of our “clever” misbehaviour and thus my mother’s fundraising career could continue safely.We were taught a good lesson by our mother that day.Also I remember my sister’s entrepreneurial (企业家的) spirit dried up a bit after that.
( A )1. What did the author’s father do
A. He got prizes ready.
B. He sold hand-made items.
C. He was in charge of a charity.
D. He helped design raffle tickets.
( C )2. What does the underlined word “deter” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Embarrass. B. Shock.
C. Discourage. D. Mislead.
( D )3. What can be learnt about the author and her sister while selling raffle tickets
A. They ran into their mother.
B. They met some generous strangers.
C. They got lost while walking around the streets.
D. They took advantage of people’s trust in their mother.
( A )4. What lesson did the author and her sister learn
A. Honesty is the best policy.
B. What’s done can’t be undone.
C. Misfortune never comes alone.
D. Good advice is beyond all price.
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和姐姐自以为的“小聪明式”售卖慈善奖券的方式受到了母亲的责备,并得到了教训:要以诚信待人。
1. A 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My father made and donated beautiful wooden toys, jewellery boxes and other lovely items as prizes.”可知,作者的父亲准备好了一些奖品。
2. C 【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“Now my sister was always coming up with ‘good ideas’, most of which didn’t work out to plan.”及画线词后面的“She had many just waiting to be tested.”可知,作者的姐姐并没有受到计划失败的打击。deter意为“使气馁”,与discourage意思相近。
3. D 【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Although there were no actual prizes, our mother’s previous track record enabled us to sell nearly the whole book of raffle tickets.”可知,作者母亲的信用帮助他们卖出了整本奖券。
4. A 【解析】 根据第四段中的“Despite the blank looks they received when asking about the prizes on offer, they were very generous. Although there were no actual prizes…”及最后一段中的“our sweet neighbours didn’t make a big deal of our ‘clever’ misbehaviour and thus my mother’s fundraising career could continue safely”可知,作者和姐姐得到的教训是要有诚信。
Ⅴ. 阅读七选五
Whether you are on top of the world or feel you are holding it up, we all need help sometimes. Here are four ways to get to a better place.
Pay attention inside.
1 It is the small voice, the feeling in your heart. If you are really listening, you will hear what is right and what is wrong to do. You’ll know better how to take steps to change.
2
Setting aside peaceful time allows you to get your mind clear. Then you can go on to build great things. So pick a place, make it regular, and bring peace to your mind.
Speak with someone you don’t know.
Sometimes you need to take a practical step beyond yourself. A number of nonprofits (非营利组织) provide a listening ear. Sidewalk Talk is a great one. 3 You can stop by and talk, opening your heart and sharing your worries.
Get out in nature.
4 Try being a tourist in your home-town. I am sure there is something peaceful to see. Relaxing outings help you rise far above your latest worry or self-doubt. Nature can lift you higher.
Sometimes we can give to others. 5 I hope these tips will help you out of the depths and reach higher heights.
A. List your thankfulness.
B. Fill your mind with peace.
C. Sometimes we need a helping hand.
D. Being a listening ear makes us feel valued.
E. Caring people set up a space on the sidewalk.
F. If you’re looking for somewhere to start, it is within you.
G. There’re few things as comforting as being a part of our nature.
1. F 2. B 3. E 4. G 5. C
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当生活中遇到坎坷时,让自己走出困境的办法。
1. F 【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空格后的“It is the small voice, the feeling in your heart.”可知,空格处会提到它在你的内心,选项F“如果你在寻找开始的地方,它就在你内心深处”符合语境。
2. B 【解析】 考查段落大意。根据下文可知,本段主要讲述了怎样给内心带来平静,选项B“让你的心充满平静”能概括本段段落大意。
3. E 【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空格前的“Sidewalk Talk is a great one.”可知,空格处会提到有关人行道的设置,选项E“体贴的人们在人行道上设置了一个区域”符合语境。
4. G 【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据本段小标题Get out in nature.可知,空格处会提到到大自然中去的相关内容,选项G“没有什么比融入自然更让人感到安心的了”符合语境。
5. C 【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据空格前的“Sometimes we can give to others.”可知,我们有时可以给予他人帮助,帮助是双向的,不仅是给予,也可能是接受,空格处会提到有时我们自己也需要别人的帮助,选项C“有时我们需要帮助之手”符合语境。
夯基培优练(四)
(Reading for Writing)[P28]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
At 12, my father decided to take me on a trip to France. I had never been out of the country before, so I was very excited. My aunt, my father and I went around with my father showing us all the unbelievable attractions in Paris. None of us spoke much French but we loved the city.
We had taken the subway all over the city and were congratulating ourselves on our understanding of what is honestly a good subway design that is pretty easy to follow. We decided to visit Versailles by train. We chatted happily along the way until my father realised we were far into the French countryside and no one around spoke English.
We reached the end of the line and felt frightened when everyone finally left the train. An old man and his grandchild noticed us and came up to help. He spoke no English, so in broken French we tried to explain. When he finally understood, this great man settled his grandson and showed us to the correct train and then got on it with us.
Later we knew the truth that there was a train transfer (换乘) and he didn’t want us to miss it. This kind man rode a train an hour and a half out of his way to make sure that three Americans got where they wanted to be. He refused to let us pay for his ticket. He did it all with a gentle smile and shook our hands gently at the stop. Then with his quiet way, he got on the train to return the way he had come.
What impressed me most was the man and his kindness during the amazing trip. Some Americans think the French are rude for some reason, but I always try to make them change their minds with this story.
( B )1. Why was the author excited about the trip to France
A. He could see unbelievable attractions.
B. He had never been abroad before.
C. He could take the subway all over the city.
D. He could go around with his aunt and father.
( A )2. What happened to the author and his family on the train
A. They were lost in the French countryside.
B. They had a quarrel with the other passengers.
C. They found it hard to understand the subway design.
D. They met an old man and his grandchild immediately.
( D )3. The old man helped them .
A. by paying for their tickets
B. by teaching them some French
C. by showing them the correct train
D. by taking them to Versailles directly
( C )4. What’s the purpose of the author’s writing the passage
A. To show the importance of learning a foreign language.
B. To explain an unexpected problem and offer practical tips for future travellers.
C. To share an unforgettable foreign experience that left a deep impression on him.
D. To list the unbelievable attractions in Paris through personal travel experiences.
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者12岁时随父亲和姑姑在法国旅行时,因语言不通在去凡尔赛宫的路上换乘火车时迷路,后被一位法国老人主动帮助、护送至正确车次且分文未取的温暖经历。
1. B 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At 12, my father decided to take me a trip to France. I had never been out of the country before, so I was very excited.”可知,作者12岁时父亲决定带他去法国旅行,因为他以前从未出过国,所以感到非常兴奋。
2. A 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We decided to visit Versailles by train. We chatted happily along the way until my father realised we were far into the French countryside and no one around spoke English.”及第三段中的“We reached the end of the line and felt frightened when everyone finally left the train.”可知,作者一家决定乘火车去参观凡尔赛宫,结果他们在火车上坐过站,在法国乡村迷路了。
3. D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This kind man rode a train an hour and a half out of his way to make sure that three Americans got where they wanted to be.”可知,老人特意多坐了一个半小时的火车把作者一行人带到了目的地——凡尔赛宫。
4. C 【解析】 写作意图题。根据最后一段中的“What impressed me most was the man and his kindness during the amazing trip.”及全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了作者12岁时随父亲和姑姑去法国旅行,在乘火车去凡尔赛宫的途中迷路,后得到一位不会说英语的法国老人帮助的经历。由此推知,作者写这篇文章的目的是分享一段给他留下深刻印象的难忘的旅行经历。
B
I was doing volunteer work last Saturday when I noticed a young couple shopping for secondhand clothes. The dad was looking after their two-year-old son, while the mum had room to shop. The dad was so relaxed and patient with his son, and the kid did not pay any attention to what his dad said at all. The kid was completely engaged in experiencing sound (hitting a wooden floor with his toy cars) and imitating a few kids also playing nearby.
The boy’s shirt was rather damp from saliva and, as a sensory input expert, I also took notice of some definite sensory-seeking actions. I was thinking over how to solve this problem, as I knew this kid had sensory problems and could easily be developing far better, if he got suitable help.
I went up to the dad and explained a bit about sensory issues, and how to bring the sensory threshold (阈限) back in balance more easily. I was allowed to show some techniques, like deep pressure on the joints of the entire body, to make the child more aware of his body.
The surprising thing was that the little guy was on a kids’ bike and when applying pressure to his shoulder area, he made immediate eye contact, followed by a huge smile. He loved the fact that he got input without needing to seek. That face left a deep impression on me.
His mum and dad were shocked at how immediately this had an effect on him, so I gave them a website of sensory intergration therapy (感觉统合治疗法). His mum and dad both were very receptive and thanked me for being so helpful and clear. May this family go well with the new knowledge, and it would be a reward if one day I catch sight of them doing great.
( D )5. What happened to the two-year-old kid in the shop
A. He was paid attention to by his father.
B. He was taken good care of by his mother.
C. He was drawing other children’s attention.
D. He was enjoying himself by making noises.
( B )6. What did the author find from the boy’s appearance
A. Genius.
B. Problems.
C. Kindness.
D. Happiness.
( B )7. How did the kid react to the author’s treatment
A. Doubtfully. B. Positively.
C. Disapprovingly. D. Carelessly.
( A )8. What will the kid’s parents probably do next
A. Treat the kid as the author did.
B. Turn to the author for more help.
C. Encourage their kid to surf the Internet.
D. Send a reward to the author for thanks.
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者帮助一对夫妇纠正小孩神经官能症的经历。
5. D 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The kid was completely engaged in experiencing sound (hitting a wooden floor with his toy cars) and imitating a few kids also playing nearby.”可知,这个孩子通过制造噪音来享受乐趣。
6. B 【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I was thinking over how to solve this problem, as I knew this kid had sensory problems and could easily be developing far better, if he got suitable help.”可知,作者从男孩的表现中发现了问题。
7. B 【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“…when applying pressure to his shoulder area, he made immediate eye contact,followed by a huge smile. He loved the fact that he got input without needing to seek”可知,男孩对作者的举动反应积极。
8. A 【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“His mum and dad were shocked at how immediately this had an effect on him, so I gave them a website of…His mum and dad both were very receptive and thanked me for being so helpful and clear.”可知,作者给这对父母提供了一个可以查询治疗方法的网站,在作者离开后,这对父母也会按照作者的方法去治疗他们的孩子。
Ⅱ. 书面表达
英文信件
文体感知
导读:英文信件的写法在许多方面与中文信件不同,以下是有关英文信件的格式和写法的简单介绍。
信封的格式:
1. 写信人的姓名、地址写在信封正面的左上角;
2. 收信人的姓名、地址写在信封正面中央稍偏右的地方;
3. 邮票贴在信封的右上角;
4. 地址的写法是先写收信人,然后按照从小到大的顺序依次写出门牌号、街道、城市、省或州名、邮编,最后写国名;
5. 收信人名前应根据需要加: Mr (先生)、Mrs (太太、夫人)、Miss (小姐)、Ms (女士,已婚或未婚均可)、Dr (博士、医生)、Prof (教授)等称呼,以示礼貌,而不用“teacher”作为称呼。男老师可以用Mr,女老师用Mrs、Miss或Ms作为称呼。
正文的格式:
1. 称呼一般以“Dear…”开头,后面用逗号,不能用冒号;
2. 书信正文有齐头式和缩进式两种。缩进式指每段信第一行的第一个字母向右缩进;
3. 如同中文信一样,英文信的结尾也常写有“祝好”“盼来信”“代向……问好”之类的话,这类用语称为“结束语”;
4. 在信的结尾下面签上自己的姓名。除了对熟人或亲密的人以外,签名必须写全姓名,而且不管什么信件,都应由写信人亲笔签名。
【素材】
假定你是李华,你的外国笔友Jane打算于七月来中国,特来信了解中国的社交习俗。请你用英语写一封回信,内容包括:
1. 见面时的问候方式;
2. 对赞美的回答方式;
3. 接收礼物时的回应方式;
4. 餐桌礼节。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁 建议信
话题 社交习俗
时态 一般现在时
人称 第一人称
【词汇】
1. 习俗;风俗 custom
2. 礼貌 manners
3. 表明;表示 indicate
4. 除……之外 in addition to/besides
5. 祝酒;干杯 toast
6. 不管怎样 anyhow
【句式】
亮点句式 常用的开头语: ☆ I am very glad to hear from you. ☆ Thank you for your letter. ☆ I was very pleased (happy/glad) to receive your letter of 6 February 2026. ☆ Your letter of 6 February 2026 has been received. 常用的结束语: ☆ I hope to have a letter from you before long. ☆ Please write to me soon and tell me all about yourself. ☆ I’m looking forward to your reply.签名时的经典用词: ☆ Yours、Yours truly、Yours sincerely、Yours ever等。
1. 完成句子
(1)即使在受到表扬时,我们用“哦,不!”或者“过奖了。”来表示礼貌。
Even though we are praised, we reply with “Oh, no!”or “I’m flattered (flatter).” to indicate (indicate) good manners.
(2)在宴会上,当喝酒祝福某人的健康或成功时,我们通过大声谈话和碰杯来表达我们的热情。
At dinner parties, we talk loudly and touch glasses while toasting (toast) someone’s health or success to show that we’re warm.
(3)我希望上面提到的将会有所帮助,期盼着你的到来。
I hope what is mentioned above will be helpful and I am really looking forward to your coming (come).
2. 句式升级
(1)用状语从句的省略改写第1小题中的句(1)。
Even though praised, we reply with “Oh, no!”or “I’m flattered.” to indicate good manners.
(2)When we receive a gift, we usually say “It’s unnecessary.” in addition to “Thanks!”to show politeness and then set aside respectfully.
→ Receiving a gift, we usually say “It’s unnecessary.” in addition to “Thanks!” to show politeness and then put it away.(现在分词作状语)
【妙笔成篇】
Dear Jane,
Glad to hear from you and you’re welcome to China in July. The following are some Chinese customs.
Firstly, we greet each other by saying “Hello!” or asking such questions as “Where are you going ” or “Are you busy ” Secondly, even though praised, we reply with “Oh, no!” or “I’m flattered.” to indicate good manners.Next, receiving a gift, we usually say “It’s unnecessary.” in addition to “Thanks!” to show politeness and then set aside respectfully. Finally, at dinner parties, we talk loudly and touch glasses while toasting someone’s health or success to show that we’re warm.
Anyhow, different cultures, different customs.If you “Do as the Romans do when in Rome.”, you’ll enjoy more of your stay here.
I hope what’s mentioned above will be helpful and I am really looking forward to your coming.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
核心素养提升
(单元复习) [P31]
Ⅰ. 词语辨析
动词 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词性 词义
lie lied lied lying vi. 说谎
lie lay lain lying vi. 躺;位于
lay laid laid laying vt. 放置;下蛋
用lie的正确形式填空
1. He lost the sale of twenty papers because he would not tell a lie , but got a well-paid job because he told the truth.
2. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid for a meal.
3. He entered the room lit only by candle and saw Geoffrey lying on the floor.
4. Although technically speaking you may not have lied , you certainly haven’t told us the whole truth.
Ⅱ. 同义句转换
1. As time passes by, we will have a better and better life.
→ With time passing by , we will have a better and better life.
2. I saw that they were coming across the street.
→ I saw them coming across the street.
3. I felt that someone was patting me on the shoulder.
→I felt someone patting me on the shoulder.
4. It rained heavily and it caused great damage.
→It rained heavily, causing great damage/which caused great damage .
5. After he had eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out.
→ Having eaten his dinner , the boy rushed out.
6. As I did not know how to get there, I had to ask the way.
→ Not knowing how to get there , I had to ask the way.
Ⅲ. 语境检测
1. He was appointed (appoint) to finish some challenging tasks yesterday.
2. When I have a different opinion, I always respect the opinion of the m ajority .
3. You only had meat and fish yesterday. If you had eaten vegetables, they would have digested (digest) easily.
4. The country is a big exporter (export) to sell tea to foreign countries, but imports (import) a lot of wheat from other countries.
5. He phoned a newspaper reporter to complain about the reporter’s story.
6. I would rather you had attended (attend) the meeting yesterday.
7. Many new technologies, such as Huawei Glass, 3D printing, and cloud computing, have been affecting (affect) our lives for five years.
8. We do not have enough money. Therefore/So , we can not afford to buy the new car that we are looking forward to.
9. As an assistant , he assisted the professor with the experiment. And his assistance made the experiment easier to conduct.(assist)
10. The manager would like to see his plan carried (carry) out as soon as possible.
11. I have applied for a scholarship (scholar), which, I think, will be enough to cover my living expenses.
12. If you moved to that country, would you be nervous or s cared
13. If you don’t save the working copy of the file, you will be in much despair.
14. They battled the drought with all their might. In the end, they were rewarded with a bumper harvest.
15. The number of people, who have access to their own cars, has risen sharply in the past d ecade(s) .
16. Many people, who are tired of the fast and competitive urban life, have a tendency (tend) to long for the old way of rural life.
17. It is recognised that smoking does harm to our health.
18. She certainly won’t go to there again—once bitten (bite), twice shy.
19. The Grade 3 students took elective (elect) courses in the summer holidays.
20. A sense of humour can also help to ease the tension (tense) between people.
Ⅳ. 单元语法精练
1. I felt my heart beating (beat) violently.
2. Sophia got an mail asking (ask) for her credit card account number.
3. I looked up and noticed a snake winding (wind) its way up the tree to catch its food.
4. Asked/Having been asked (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
5. Do you wake up every morning feeling (feel) energetic and ready to start a new day
6. The girl was noticed quarrelling (quarrel) with an old man at 9 o’clock yesterday.
7. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, keeping (keep) on your feet.
8. The next thing he saw was smoke rising (rise) from behind the house.
9. Having spent (spend) all his money, the boy had to give his mother a call.
10. Seeing (see) those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
11. Dina, having struggled (struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
12. The lecture given (give), a lively question-and-answer session followed.
13. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring (stare) at the night sky.
14. Having spent (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
15. There’s a note pinned to the door saying (say) when the shop will open again.
Ⅴ. 语法填空
Young people around the world have volunteered 1 (help) others in need using their time, energy, knowledge, and skills. For example, Joris, a 10-year-old boy in Seattle, has helped to protect cheetahs 2 the threat of extinction by raising more than $14,000. 3 (donate) all the money he has raised, he makes his own contributions to wildlife conservation. In the last two years, Jack, together with his 14-year-old twin brother, 4 (launch) a database to connect children with volunteer opportunities such as working for animal shelters and urban farming groups. 5 boy, Jackson, is determined to fight against plastic pollution. A campaign 6 (lead) by him to promote the use of recyclable water bottles plays a part in local environmental protection. He also urges the local restaurant to sell more paper water bottles. Xiao Meng, a 20-year-old volunteer tour guide in the Palace Museum, spent three months hanging around the Forbidden City 7 she could remember every detail of the Palace Museum, 8 sounds absolutely incredible. There is no denying that we should show respect for 9 these young volunteers have done for our world. By doing these meaningful volunteering, young people can successfully avoid getting 10 (annoy) at small things in life and focus on what is truly important.
1. to help 2. from/against
3. Donating/Having donated
4. has launched 5. Another
6. led 7. before/until
8. which 9. what 10. annoyed
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了世界各地的年轻人都自愿利用自己的时间、精力、知识和技能帮助其他需要帮助的人。
1. to help 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语动词为have volunteered,空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接,应使用非谓语动词;help和主语Young people构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应使用动词不定式作目的状语;volunteer to do sth意为“自愿做某事”,为固定搭配。
2. from/against 【解析】 考查介词。句意:例如,西雅图的10岁男孩Joris筹集了1.4万多美元,帮助保护猎豹免受灭绝的威胁。protect…from/against意为“保护……免受……侵害”,为固定搭配。
3. Donating/Having donated 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语动词为makes,空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接,应使用非谓语动词;donate和主语he构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应使用动词-ing形式作状语;根据上下文可知,空格处可以使用现在分词或者现在分词完成时态,donating强调两个动作同时发生,having donated强调捐赠动作已经完成,并且是作出贡献的前提;又因空格处位于句首,首字母应大写。
4. has launched 【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文中的“In the last two years”可知,此处应用现在完成时;又因together with连结两个名词时,句子的谓语动词通常与前面的主语保持一致,此处Jack表达单数概念,助动词应用has,故填has launched。
5. Another 【解析】 考查代词。根据上文中的“Joris, a 10-year-old boy in Seattle”“In the last two years, Jack…”及下文语境可知,此处讲述另一个男孩的故事,应用不定代词another;又因空格处位于句首,首字母应大写。
6. led 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语动词为plays,空格处和谓语动词之间没有连词连接,应使用非谓语动词;lead和主语A campaign构成逻辑上的动宾关系,应使用动词-ed形式作后置定语。
7. before/until 【解析】 考查连词。空格前后都是完整的句子,因此空格处应填连词;空格处引导时间状语从句,表示“在……之前”或“直到……”,故填before或until。
8. which 【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中充当主语;先行词为空格处前面的句子,应使用关系代词which。
9. what 【解析】 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,并在从句中充当宾语,应使用连接代词what。
10. annoyed 【解析】 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰名词young people,应使用annoy的形容词形式annoyed作getting的表语。Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
夯基培优练(一)
(Listening & Speaking) [P18]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. M are principles and beliefs concerning right and wrong.
2. Among his many v are courtesy (礼貌), courage and loyalty.
3. A d is a difficult situation which you have to choose between two or more alternatives.
4. We could hear their voices growing (faint) as they walked down the road.
5. It was probably at that moment that I understood what (kind) really was.
6. At last we came to a town and found a quiet hotel, next which was a thick wood.
7. Designing a powerful beginning is crucial—not only it make readers stay with your story, it also helps you develop the plot.
8. I have pleasure in introducing to you the man without whose (generous) your club would cease to exist.
9. Once a student is caught (cheat) in an exam, he/she will be severely punished.
10. If a place is (gloom), it is almost dark so that you can’t see very well.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
in a dilemma be sure about
fall down pay attention to
be faced with in trouble
be eager to in disguise
be grateful to disagree with
1. I’m sorry, I wasn’t what you were saying.
2. She was as to whether to stay at school or get a job.
3. If you are reading this on your way to work, then your marriage may already be .
4. If he something, he will ask the same question over and over again.
5. We feel quite secure now because of presence of policemen in the public.
6. so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.
7. People around you will know what you will do next.
8. There are over 5,800 rocky objects in space, about 900 of which could onto Earth.
9. I would you if you could give me some advice on how to improve my spoken English.
10. About 68 percent of those surveyed the opinion that reading is boring or old-fashioned.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★complain vi.& vt. 抱怨;发牢骚complaint n. 投诉;抱怨;控告;不满
【归纳拓展】
complain to sb about/of sth
向某人抱怨/投诉某事
have no complaints 没有抱怨
have a complaint 有意见
【即学即练】
(1)她向老师抱怨作业太多。
She the teacher too much homework.
(2)我没什么可抱怨的,一切都很顺利。
I . Everything is going well.
(3)员工们对新的工作时间表有意见。
Employees about the new working schedule.
2. ★marriage n. 结婚;婚姻 marry vi.& vt.(和某人)结婚;嫁;娶 married adj. 已婚的 unmarried adj. 未婚的
【归纳拓展】
marry sb 和某人结婚;嫁给/娶某人
be/get married to sb 和某人结婚
a failed/broken marriage 失败的/破裂的婚姻
【即学即练】
(1)她和大学时的恋人结婚了。
She her college sweetheart.
(2)主角是一个逃避失败婚姻的记者。
The main character is a journalist in flight from .
Ⅳ. 重要句型
原句: If I were ever in a situation like the girl faced, I think I would choose to…
点睛:本句包含一个由if 引导的虚拟条件状语从句。当表示对现在不可能实现的情况做出假设时,从句谓语动词用一般过去式,主句则用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”的结构。
【易混辨析】
If引导的虚拟条件状语从句
If从句的 谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
Present
Past
Future
【即学即练】
1. If I (be) in your position, I (work) hard.
2. If you (put) the gold watch in a safe place, you would not have lost it.
3. If our train should arrive on time, we (have) time to visit your sister.
4. If he had not missed the train, he (get) there by then.
5. If I (not run) out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper.
6. If you had been with us,you (understand) our excitement.
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
A
To truly help our planet, we need to connect with it. And the good news is you don’t have to be a qualified expert to support the cause. Here are some of the many incredible projects looking for volunteers.
Big Butterfly Count
Scheduled between 18 July and 10 August in 2025, involvement in this project run by Butterfly Conservation is more important than ever, as the 2024 results indicate a significant drop of these beautiful biodiversity indicators. Participants are asked to spend 15 minutes every day recording butterflies they see, either via their website tracker or app. Head to bigbutterflycount.org to join in.
The Great UK WaterBlitz
This twice-a-year campaign from the Freshwater Wash aims to assess water quality across the UK. The next one runs from 25—28 April 2025, and asks volunteers to record the water quality in local freshwater sources. To help in the upcoming campaign, simply register your interest at greatukwaterblitz.org to receive more information, along with your own water testing kit.
The Big Garden Birdwatch
Organised by RSPB, the world’s largest garden wildlife survey runs in January each year, and asks volunteers to sign up to simply watch their gardens for an hour each day, recording the birds they see. In 2024, more than 600,000 people participated in the UK, and recorded an incredible 9.7 million birds. Visit rspb.org for more details.
Nature’s Calendar
This initiative by the Woodland Trust looks to track seasonal shifts and patterns, to see how climate change is affecting our ecosystems. The easy, three-step process requires you to pick a species and behaviour, decide the area you’re recording, and make a note on the online system of the dates of these actions. Get involved by visiting woodlandtrust.org.
( )1. Which project equips participants with tools
A. Big Butterfly Count.
B. The Great UK WaterBlitz.
C. The Big Garden Birdwatch.
D. Nature’s Calendar.
( )2. What is the main goal of Nature’s Calendar
A. To inform the public of seasonal shifts.
B. To demonstrate biodiversity on a calendar.
C. To monitor the impacts of climate change.
D. To protect the wildlife living in your area.
( )3. What do the four projects have in common
A. They take place on a yearly basis.
B. They are limited to nature reserves.
C. They collect data recorded by participants.
D. They ask experts to guide volunteers.
B
An important lesson in the moral education of children may be closer than imagined—it could be right there in the books they are holding. Stories can be helpful for building moral values in young audiences, according to the results of a new study.
“Media can greatly influence children’s moral values and get them to place more or less importance on the values according to what is uniquely stressed in that content.” says Lindsay Hahn, PhD, a professor in the University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences.
Hahn is the first author of the new study, which explores how media content influences children. Many previous studies have focused on wide ideas, like positive or negative effects of specific content. However, Hahn’s study looks at how reading of content featuring specific moral values (care, fairness, loyalty, and authority) might influence the weight that kids place on those values.
Do children who read about particular moral characteristics absorb those qualities and build their own morality The findings suggest so, and further support how this approach can help to teach the moral principles that kids might receive through formal instruction.
For the study, Hahn and her team took the main character from a teen novel and edited the content to create four different story versions (版本). Each version showed one of four moral values that the study focused on. Then those stories were read by about 200 participants between the ages of 10 and 14.
This age group is the best for media research. Hahn explained the reason, “It is more difficult for younger children to understand stories, while it is also challenging to hold the attention of older teenagers, who become bored with simple storylines.” The team then designed a scale (量表) to measure the importance that kids place on moral values, so as to determine how participants might be influenced by specific stories.
( )4. What is the results of the new study
A. Stories should be spread more by media.
B. Stories help children develop moral values.
C. Children learn moral values from their parents.
D. Children like reading books full of fumy stories.
( )5. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3
A. The branches of media research.
B. The impact on children’s literature.
C. The comparison with previous studies.
D. The response of the public to the study.
( )6. Why did the researchers choose participants aged from 10 to 14
A. Their moral values cannot be easily influenced.
B. They are in a critical stage of moral development.
C. This age group has better moral values than others.
D. They can understand the stories and won’t lose interest.
( )7. Where does this passage probably come from
A. A social report.
B. A blog post.
C. A school textbook.
D. An education magazine.
Ⅵ. 语法填空
When you meet someone, always shake their hands. Say “please” when you ask for something. Stand up when an older person enters the room.
Every country has a system of manners,that is,rules for behaviour. Each particular culture has a history of 1 (accept) behaviour. People teach these manners to their children. Everyone in a culture 2 (usual) agrees on what is good behaviour and what is not.
When you visit a new place, you need to learn 3 manners for that place. But what will happen when many different people come together What if they do not know the rules in this place The Internet is a place like this. People use the Internet for many things. One of the most important is 4 (communicate).The Internet 5 (help) people communicate quickly. And there are many different ways to communicate 6 (use) the Internet. People e-mail long messages to friends or co-workers. They post short messages and links on social networks. Or people add 7 (they) comments to news websites and online group discussions.
But in all these ways of communicating,people sometimes write hurtful things. That is 8 many people think it is important to teach Internet manners. Some schools and universities now teach students to correct Internet behaviour. There are many rules 9 (follow). Today we will look at just a few of them 10 asking the questions:Who What How and Where
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
9. 10.
夯基培优练(二)
(Reading & Thinking)[P22]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. He is an (energy) man. He never looks tired.
2. Organised by the Student U , an English writing competition took place in our school last week.
3. The boys were still standing there, too shocked and (scare) to move.
4. He made an with the manager and arrived at the time. Later, he to an important post.(appoint)
5. The demanded that his book in Chinese.(publish)
6. Some of us do so because we need people to like us; our greatest fear is of being abandoned or (reject).
7. (hire) more campus police would cost money, possibly making our tuition go up again.
8. The school board is made up of parents who (elect) to make decisions about school affairs.
9. Prices have risen steadily during the past two (decade).
10. Nothing is more p to me than my good health.
11. There is a growing (tend) for people to work at home instead of in the office.
12. I refuse to lie about it, because it’s against my p .
13. A (retire) person is an older person who has left his or her job and has usually stopped working completely.
14. His p attitude made me really annoyed.
15. It is required by the rules that students shall get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the s .
16. My brother is an excellent ; he always puts a portion of his allowance into his account.(save)
Ⅱ. 短语填空
be appointed as tend to
be affected by care for
be scared of stay single
play a role in treat…as…
1. Mary the dark that her mum gave her a torch to keep under her pillow.
2. manager, John works day and night and wants to make a difference in his department.
3. He lose his temper when he knows someone is speaking ill of him behind his back.
4. With the government’s aid, those the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
5. Nowadays a lot of people would rather because they are tired of giving their everything and ending up with nothing.
6. It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and babies.
7. Because he is too ready to help others, the local people him a hero.
8. While the studies are still in the early stages, the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly preventing cognitive (认知的) falling.
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★respond vt.回答;回复vi. 做出反应;回应 response n. 反应;回答;回复;响应 responsive adj. 反应迅速的;敏感的
【归纳拓展】
respond to sb/sth 回应某人/某事
respond with… 以……回应
immediate response 即时反应
positive/negative response 积极/消极回应
in response to 作为对……的回应
trigger a response 引发反应
be responsive to…
对……作出反应;对……敏感的
【即学即练】
(1)政府需要快速回应公众的担忧。
The government needs to the pubic’s concerns promptly.
(2)企业必须对顾客的需求作出反应。
Firms have to consumer demand.
(3)作为对投诉的回应,公司改进了服务。
, the company improved its services.
(4)他用一个微笑回应了尴尬的问题。
He the awkward question.
(5)她的演讲引发了观众的热烈反响。
Her speech from the audience.
2. ★tend vt. 照顾;照料 vi. 倾向;趋于 tendency n. 倾向;趋势
【归纳拓展】
tend to do sth 倾向于做某事
tend towards… 倾向于……方向
tend a store 照看店铺
tend the injured 护理伤者
have a tendency to… 有……的倾向
natural tendency 天性;自然倾向
【即学即练】
(1)人们往往忽视自己的缺点。
People overlook their own flaws.
(2)这些植物倾向于生长在更偏远的乡村地区。
These plants grow in the more rural areas.
(3)她天生非常小心谨慎。
She has a strong towards caution.
(4)社会正朝着更加包容的方向发展。
Society is greater inclusiveness.
(5)护士们正在细心护理伤员。
The nurses are carefully.
Ⅳ. 重要句型
1. 原句:To a person nothing is more precious than their life.
点睛:否定词+比较级用来表示最高级。
【即学即练】
(1)在人类历史中,没有什么比自由更值得为之奋斗的了。
in human history.
(2)对于冒险者来说,没有什么比未知的挑战更令人兴奋的了。
For adventurers, .
(3)在危机时刻,没有什么比团结更强大的了。
In times of crisis, .
2. 原句:In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
点睛:序数词修饰的名词后面通常用to do作后置定语。
【即学即练】
(1)他是第一个在会议上提出创新方案的人。
He was the first person at the meeting.
(2)这位运动员成为第三个打破世界纪录的亚洲选手。
The athlete became the third Asian competitor .
(3)我们需要找到第二个愿意承担这项艰巨任务的志愿者。
We need to find this challenging task.
(4)这是人类历史上第五艘成功登陆火星的探测器。
This is the fifth probe in human history.
Ⅴ. 完形填空
Most teens I meet these days lack basic social courtesy when dealing with people.
My own son, who basically 1 with his grandmother, the original manners guru (专家), has perfect table manners. This is partly because he was 2 to manners at a very young age. However, when we ate at home, he would not 3 manners. So I asked him why. He said, “I behave the way I am supposed to 4 when I’m out, but when I am at home I want to be comfortable.”
That’s when I realised that most parents, myself included, do 5 their children the proper way to behave outside the home, but they are also 6 to believe that at home, anything goes.
My 7 to him was “good behaviour has nothing to do with where you are or whom you are with”.
Then he answered, “But I behave 8 when I’m with others so that they think better of me.” And that is when I realised that I was doing things all 9 . I explained to him that it had nothing to do with what people think. This confused him even more.
So I went on to explain that behaviour, whether in your everyday 10 with people or at the dining table at home, is an expression of who you are. Well, at the age of 13, he got it.
So basically, what I am saying is that teaching your children 11 comes with the underlying lesson that it is not about what to do or not to do, but rather, who they are. This way it is not 12 ; it comes from within.
Teach your teens or children the 13 courtesy of greeting their friends’ parents and 14 themselves when they go to someone’s home. Teach teenage boys to open the door of a car, or any door for anyone who matters, for any girl, whether they are their girlfriends or not. This includes holding elevator doors or letting women step out of the elevator first.
Just 15 that teenage boys who practise good manners and courtesy grow up to become men who respect people in general.
( )1. A. came up B. grew up
C. turned up D. showed up
( )2. A. exposed B. limited
C. cared D. concerned
( )3. A. learn B. practise
C. remember D. make
( )4. A. live B. obey
C. react D. behave
( )5. A. teach B. offer
C. guide D. support
( )6. A. attended on B. brought up
C. cared about D. depended on
( )7. A. answer B. devotion
C. apology D. affection
( )8. A. strangely B. nervously
C. calmly D. properly
( )9. A. reasonable B. important
C. wrong D. necessary
( )10. A. competition B. argument
C. struggle D. interaction
( )11. A. lessons B. skills
C. manners D. examples
( )12. A. practical B. natural
C. gradual D. mechanical
( )13. A. minor B. formal
C. basic D. casual
( )14. A. pleasing B. introducing
C. enjoying D. amusing
( )15. A. consider B. confirm
C. predict D. remember
夯基培优练(三)
(Discovering Useful Structures, Listening & Talking) [P25]
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. The factory r most of its workers with robots.
2. (bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver the letters to our house unless the dog (chain).
3. The island mainly depends on the grain (import) from other countries and (export) its seafood.
4. It was suggested that the fire was not (accident).
5. —What did he whisper you just now
—He said he had been admitted to the big company an excited whisper.
6. She got a job as a sales (assist) selling handbags.
7. I found that I could (memory) the word more easily once I understood its meaning.
8. Cheaper energy conservation techniques have been put into (operate) in the developed world.
Ⅱ. 短语填空
take place by accident
a great deal of first aid
in memory of pass away
at midnight in response to
1. The museum was built the famous scientist.
2. I have spent time improving my maths.
3. It was that he came back, which made his parents very angry.
4. She arrived just as we were leaving, but whether this was or on purpose, I’m not sure.
5. All I received my request was “Wait.”
6. He hurt his leg during the football match and some of us gave him .
7. While some things may , you know that our love and affection will not.
8. A local radio station said that several eruptions in the past twenty years.
Ⅲ. 语法突破——动词-ing形式作状语或宾语补足语
现在分词(Present Participle)由动词原形加-ing构成(如doing、 writing),属于非谓语动词的一种。其在句中不可单独作谓语,但可充当以下成分:
定语: The girl standing there is my sister.
表语: The movie is exciting.
宾语补足语: I saw him running in the park.
状语: Hearing the news, she burst into tears.
现在分词的时态与语态形式:
形式 主动 语态 被动 语态 核心用法及意义说明
一般式 doing being done 分词动作与谓语动作同时发生,表示主动或进行
完成式 having done having been done 分词动作先于谓语动作发生,强调动作先后
否定 形式 在现在分词前直接加 not: Not knowing the answer, he kept silent.
【即学即练】
1. Witnesses said they saw her (walk) towards her office at 11 that day.
2. Canada is a country (consist) of many different nationalities.
3. (approach) the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.
4. I ran faster than ever, (reach) the schoolyard out of breath.
5. When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, (wonder) whether to stay or leave.
6. When we visited my old family home, memory came (flood) back.
7. The other day while (walk) in the park, she noticed an advertisement for photography lessons.
8. The young man stood up suddenly, (spill) a cup of coffee on my shirt.
9. She was living alone, (beg) for food from neighbours.
10. (know) the way, he had to ask someone for directions.
11. (finish) his homework, he went out to play.
12. I saw him (run) across the street.
13. The boy walked into the room, (carry) anything in his hands.
14. 因手术后还没有完全康复,医生建议Mary 再住院两周。
from the operation, Mary was advised to stay in hospital for another two weeks by the doctor.
15. 这位年轻女士全身心投入工作,几乎没有时间照顾自己的女儿。
, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
For some years, my mother worked for a charity as President and Secretary. Selling raffle tickets (兑奖券) was her main means of bringing in the charity’s much-needed funds.We girls would accompany her, selling tickets with great success. My father made and donated beautiful wooden toys, jewellery boxes and other lovely items as prizes.
Now my sister was always coming up with “good ideas”, most of which didn’t work out to plan. But that didn’t deter her. She had many just waiting to be tested.When she was eight and I was just five, we had a wonderful idea for a business adventure.We decided we would sell raffle tickets for charity, and that charity was us!
So one afternoon, we told our mother we were going to play in the park with our cousins as we did most days after school.But instead, we walked around the streets armed with a raffle book, a pen and a large cloth bag to carry the money.
We’d accompanied our mother many times when she sold tickets, so people were familiar with us when we appeared at their doors. Despite the blank looks they received when asking about the prizes on offer, they were very generous. Although there were no actual prizes, our mother’s previous track record enabled us to sell nearly the whole book of raffle tickets.
Like a little pair of lottery (彩票) winners, we walked home and proudly showed off our takings. But our enjoyment of this sudden wealth was short-lived, and our plans for spending it quickly failed. Our angry mother took us back to every ticket buyer, making us apologise and give the money back.Thankfully, our sweet neighbours didn’t make a big deal of our “clever” misbehaviour and thus my mother’s fundraising career could continue safely.We were taught a good lesson by our mother that day.Also I remember my sister’s entrepreneurial (企业家的) spirit dried up a bit after that.
( )1. What did the author’s father do
A. He got prizes ready.
B. He sold hand-made items.
C. He was in charge of a charity.
D. He helped design raffle tickets.
( )2. What does the underlined word “deter” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Embarrass. B. Shock.
C. Discourage. D. Mislead.
( )3. What can be learnt about the author and her sister while selling raffle tickets
A. They ran into their mother.
B. They met some generous strangers.
C. They got lost while walking around the streets.
D. They took advantage of people’s trust in their mother.
( )4. What lesson did the author and her sister learn
A. Honesty is the best policy.
B. What’s done can’t be undone.
C. Misfortune never comes alone.
D. Good advice is beyond all price.
Ⅴ. 阅读七选五
Whether you are on top of the world or feel you are holding it up, we all need help sometimes. Here are four ways to get to a better place.
Pay attention inside.
1 It is the small voice, the feeling in your heart. If you are really listening, you will hear what is right and what is wrong to do. You’ll know better how to take steps to change.
2
Setting aside peaceful time allows you to get your mind clear. Then you can go on to build great things. So pick a place, make it regular, and bring peace to your mind.
Speak with someone you don’t know.
Sometimes you need to take a practical step beyond yourself. A number of nonprofits (非营利组织) provide a listening ear. Sidewalk Talk is a great one. 3 You can stop by and talk, opening your heart and sharing your worries.
Get out in nature.
4 Try being a tourist in your home-town. I am sure there is something peaceful to see. Relaxing outings help you rise far above your latest worry or self-doubt. Nature can lift you higher.
Sometimes we can give to others. 5 I hope these tips will help you out of the depths and reach higher heights.
A. List your thankfulness.
B. Fill your mind with peace.
C. Sometimes we need a helping hand.
D. Being a listening ear makes us feel valued.
E. Caring people set up a space on the sidewalk.
F. If you’re looking for somewhere to start, it is within you.
G. There’re few things as comforting as being a part of our nature.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
夯基培优练(四)
(Reading for Writing)[P28]
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
At 12, my father decided to take me on a trip to France. I had never been out of the country before, so I was very excited. My aunt, my father and I went around with my father showing us all the unbelievable attractions in Paris. None of us spoke much French but we loved the city.
We had taken the subway all over the city and were congratulating ourselves on our understanding of what is honestly a good subway design that is pretty easy to follow. We decided to visit Versailles by train. We chatted happily along the way until my father realised we were far into the French countryside and no one around spoke English.
We reached the end of the line and felt frightened when everyone finally left the train. An old man and his grandchild noticed us and came up to help. He spoke no English, so in broken French we tried to explain. When he finally understood, this great man settled his grandson and showed us to the correct train and then got on it with us.
Later we knew the truth that there was a train transfer (换乘) and he didn’t want us to miss it. This kind man rode a train an hour and a half out of his way to make sure that three Americans got where they wanted to be. He refused to let us pay for his ticket. He did it all with a gentle smile and shook our hands gently at the stop. Then with his quiet way, he got on the train to return the way he had come.
What impressed me most was the man and his kindness during the amazing trip. Some Americans think the French are rude for some reason, but I always try to make them change their minds with this story.
( )1. Why was the author excited about the trip to France
A. He could see unbelievable attractions.
B. He had never been abroad before.
C. He could take the subway all over the city.
D. He could go around with his aunt and father.
( )2. What happened to the author and his family on the train
A. They were lost in the French countryside.
B. They had a quarrel with the other passengers.
C. They found it hard to understand the subway design.
D. They met an old man and his grandchild immediately.
( )3. The old man helped them .
A. by paying for their tickets
B. by teaching them some French
C. by showing them the correct train
D. by taking them to Versailles directly
( )4. What’s the purpose of the author’s writing the passage
A. To show the importance of learning a foreign language.
B. To explain an unexpected problem and offer practical tips for future travellers.
C. To share an unforgettable foreign experience that left a deep impression on him.
D. To list the unbelievable attractions in Paris through personal travel experiences.
B
I was doing volunteer work last Saturday when I noticed a young couple shopping for secondhand clothes. The dad was looking after their two-year-old son, while the mum had room to shop. The dad was so relaxed and patient with his son, and the kid did not pay any attention to what his dad said at all. The kid was completely engaged in experiencing sound (hitting a wooden floor with his toy cars) and imitating a few kids also playing nearby.
The boy’s shirt was rather damp from saliva and, as a sensory input expert, I also took notice of some definite sensory-seeking actions. I was thinking over how to solve this problem, as I knew this kid had sensory problems and could easily be developing far better, if he got suitable help.
I went up to the dad and explained a bit about sensory issues, and how to bring the sensory threshold (阈限) back in balance more easily. I was allowed to show some techniques, like deep pressure on the joints of the entire body, to make the child more aware of his body.
The surprising thing was that the little guy was on a kids’ bike and when applying pressure to his shoulder area, he made immediate eye contact, followed by a huge smile. He loved the fact that he got input without needing to seek. That face left a deep impression on me.
His mum and dad were shocked at how immediately this had an effect on him, so I gave them a website of sensory intergration therapy (感觉统合治疗法). His mum and dad both were very receptive and thanked me for being so helpful and clear. May this family go well with the new knowledge, and it would be a reward if one day I catch sight of them doing great.
( )5. What happened to the two-year-old kid in the shop
A. He was paid attention to by his father.
B. He was taken good care of by his mother.
C. He was drawing other children’s attention.
D. He was enjoying himself by making noises.
( )6. What did the author find from the boy’s appearance
A. Genius.
B. Problems.
C. Kindness.
D. Happiness.
( )7. How did the kid react to the author’s treatment
A. Doubtfully. B. Positively.
C. Disapprovingly. D. Carelessly.
( )8. What will the kid’s parents probably do next
A. Treat the kid as the author did.
B. Turn to the author for more help.
C. Encourage their kid to surf the Internet.
D. Send a reward to the author for thanks.
Ⅱ. 书面表达
英文信件
文体感知
导读:英文信件的写法在许多方面与中文信件不同,以下是有关英文信件的格式和写法的简单介绍。
信封的格式:
1. 写信人的姓名、地址写在信封正面的左上角;
2. 收信人的姓名、地址写在信封正面中央稍偏右的地方;
3. 邮票贴在信封的右上角;
4. 地址的写法是先写收信人,然后按照从小到大的顺序依次写出门牌号、街道、城市、省或州名、邮编,最后写国名;
5. 收信人名前应根据需要加: Mr (先生)、Mrs (太太、夫人)、Miss (小姐)、Ms (女士,已婚或未婚均可)、Dr (博士、医生)、Prof (教授)等称呼,以示礼貌,而不用“teacher”作为称呼。男老师可以用Mr,女老师用Mrs、Miss或Ms作为称呼。
正文的格式:
1. 称呼一般以“Dear…”开头,后面用逗号,不能用冒号;
2. 书信正文有齐头式和缩进式两种。缩进式指每段信第一行的第一个字母向右缩进;
3. 如同中文信一样,英文信的结尾也常写有“祝好”“盼来信”“代向……问好”之类的话,这类用语称为“结束语”;
4. 在信的结尾下面签上自己的姓名。除了对熟人或亲密的人以外,签名必须写全姓名,而且不管什么信件,都应由写信人亲笔签名。
【素材】
假定你是李华,你的外国笔友Jane打算于七月来中国,特来信了解中国的社交习俗。请你用英语写一封回信,内容包括:
1. 见面时的问候方式;
2. 对赞美的回答方式;
3. 接收礼物时的回应方式;
4. 餐桌礼节。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁
话题
时态
人称
【词汇】
1. 习俗;风俗
2. 礼貌
3. 表明;表示
4. 除……之外
5. 祝酒;干杯
6. 不管怎样
【句式】
亮点句式 常用的开头语: ☆ I am very glad to hear from you. ☆ Thank you for your letter. ☆ I was very pleased (happy/glad) to receive your letter of 6 February 2026. ☆ Your letter of 6 February 2026 has been received. 常用的结束语: ☆ I hope to have a letter from you before long. ☆ Please write to me soon and tell me all about yourself. ☆ I’m looking forward to your reply.签名时的经典用词: ☆ Yours、Yours truly、Yours sincerely、Yours ever等。
1. 完成句子
(1)即使在受到表扬时,我们用“哦,不!”或者“过奖了。”来表示礼貌。
we are praised, we reply with “Oh, no!”or “I’m (flatter).” (indicate) good manners.
(2)在宴会上,当喝酒祝福某人的健康或成功时,我们通过大声谈话和碰杯来表达我们的热情。
At dinner parties, we talk loudly and touch glasses while (toast) someone’s health or success to show that we’re warm.
(3)我希望上面提到的将会有所帮助,期盼着你的到来。
I hope is mentioned above will be helpful and I am really looking forward to your (come).
2. 句式升级
(1)用状语从句的省略改写第1小题中的句(1)。
(2)When we receive a gift, we usually say “It’s unnecessary.” in addition to “Thanks!”to show politeness and then set aside respectfully.
→ a gift, we usually say “It’s unnecessary.” in addition to “Thanks!” to show politeness and then put it away.(现在分词作状语)
【妙笔成篇】
核心素养提升
(单元复习) [P31]
Ⅰ. 词语辨析
动词 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 词性 词义
lie lied lied lying vi. 说谎
lie lay lain lying vi. 躺;位于
lay laid laid laying vt. 放置;下蛋
用lie的正确形式填空
1. He lost the sale of twenty papers because he would not tell a , but got a well-paid job because he told the truth.
2. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already for a meal.
3. He entered the room lit only by candle and saw Geoffrey on the floor.
4. Although technically speaking you may not , you certainly haven’t told us the whole truth.
Ⅱ. 同义句转换
1. As time passes by, we will have a better and better life.
→ , we will have a better and better life.
2. I saw that they were coming across the street.
→ across the street.
3. I felt that someone was patting me on the shoulder.
→I felt on the shoulder.
4. It rained heavily and it caused great damage.
→It rained heavily, .
5. After he had eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out.
→ , the boy rushed out.
6. As I did not know how to get there, I had to ask the way.
→ , I had to ask the way.
Ⅲ. 语境检测
1. He (appoint) to finish some challenging tasks yesterday.
2. When I have a different opinion, I always respect the opinion of the m .
3. You only had meat and fish yesterday. If you had eaten vegetables, they (digest) easily.
4. The country is a big (export) to sell tea to foreign countries, but (import) a lot of wheat from other countries.
5. He phoned a newspaper reporter to complain the reporter’s story.
6. I would rather you (attend) the meeting yesterday.
7. Many new technologies, such as Huawei Glass, 3D printing, and cloud computing, (affect) our lives for five years.
8. We do not have enough money. , we can not afford to buy the new car that we are looking forward to.
9. As an , he the professor with the experiment. And his made the experiment easier to conduct.(assist)
10. The manager would like to see his plan (carry) out as soon as possible.
11. I have applied for a (scholar), which, I think, will be enough to cover my living expenses.
12. If you moved to that country, would you be nervous or s
13. If you don’t save the working copy of the file, you will be much despair.
14. They battled the drought all their might. In the end, they were rewarded with a bumper harvest.
15. The number of people, who have access to their own cars, has risen sharply in the past d .
16. Many people, who are tired of the fast and competitive urban life, have a (tend) to long for the old way of rural life.
17. It is recognised that smoking does harm our health.
18. She certainly won’t go to there again—once (bite), twice shy.
19. The Grade 3 students took (elect) courses in the summer holidays.
20. A sense of humour can also help to ease the (tense) between people.
Ⅳ. 单元语法精练
1. I felt my heart (beat) violently.
2. Sophia got an mail (ask) for her credit card account number.
3. I looked up and noticed a snake (wind) its way up the tree to catch its food.
4. (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
5. Do you wake up every morning (feel) energetic and ready to start a new day
6. The girl was noticed (quarrel) with an old man at 9 o’clock yesterday.
7. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, (keep) on your feet.
8. The next thing he saw was smoke (rise) from behind the house.
9. (spend) all his money, the boy had to give his mother a call.
10. (see) those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
11. Dina, (struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
12. The lecture (give), a lively question-and-answer session followed.
13. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, (stare) at the night sky.
14. (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
15. There’s a note pinned to the door (say) when the shop will open again.
Ⅴ. 语法填空
Young people around the world have volunteered 1 (help) others in need using their time, energy, knowledge, and skills. For example, Joris, a 10-year-old boy in Seattle, has helped to protect cheetahs 2 the threat of extinction by raising more than $14,000. 3 (donate) all the money he has raised, he makes his own contributions to wildlife conservation. In the last two years, Jack, together with his 14-year-old twin brother, 4 (launch) a database to connect children with volunteer opportunities such as working for animal shelters and urban farming groups. 5 boy, Jackson, is determined to fight against plastic pollution. A campaign 6 (lead) by him to promote the use of recyclable water bottles plays a part in local environmental protection. He also urges the local restaurant to sell more paper water bottles. Xiao Meng, a 20-year-old volunteer tour guide in the Palace Museum, spent three months hanging around the Forbidden City 7 she could remember every detail of the Palace Museum, 8 sounds absolutely incredible. There is no denying that we should show respect for 9 these young volunteers have done for our world. By doing these meaningful volunteering, young people can successfully avoid getting 10 (annoy) at small things in life and focus on what is truly important.
1. 2.
3.
4. 5.
6. 7.
8. 9. 10.
