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2026 届高三教学质量监测
数学试题答案及评分细则
一、单项选择题(本题共 8小题,每小题 5分,共 40分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有
一项是符合题目要求的。)
1-5 BCBAB 6-8 DBA
二、多项选择题(本题共 3小题,每小题 6分,共 18分。在每小题给出的选项中,有多
项符合题目要求,全部选对的得 6分,部分选对的得部分分,有选错的得 0分。)
9 ABD 10 ACD 11 ABD
三、填空题(本题共 3小题,每小题 5分,共 15分。)
3 3
12. √21 13. (0,
√ ) 14. ( ∞, 0) ∪ ( + ln 4,+∞)
3 2
四、解答题(本大题共 5小题,共 77分。解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)
15. 【参考答案】
1+2+3+4+5 1
解: ∑5
21
(1) = = 3, = = = 4.2 , ········································· (2分) 5 5 i=1 5
∑5
=1
5 72.6 5 × 3 × 4.2
= = = 0.96
2
∑5 2 5 55 5 × 3
2
=1
= - = 4.2 0.96× 3 = 1.32, ·························································· (4分)
所以,回归直线方程为 = 0.96 + 1.32 ·················································· (5分)
(2)由题意知随机变量 X的可能取值为 0,1,2,3,则:
0 3
C C
4 5 1×10 5
P(X = 0) = = = ··································································· (7分)
3
C 84 42
9
1 2
C C
4 5 4×10 10
P(X = 1) = = = ··································································· (8分)
3
C 84 21
9
高三数学答案 第 1页(共 9页)
2 1
C C
4 5 6×5 5
P(X = 2) = = = ···································································· (9分)
3
C 84 14
9
3 0
C C
4 5 4 1
P(X = 3) = = = ···································································· (10分)
3
C 84 21
9
X 0 1 2 3
5 10 5 1
P
42 21 14 21
···································································································· (11分)
5 10 5 1 4
故均值 E(X) = 0 × + 1 × + 2 × + 3 × = . ································· (13分)
42 21 14 21 3
16. 【参考答案】
(1)解:在△BCD中,设 AB=h,由题意知 BC=√3 ,BD=h,CD=200,且∠BCD=30
······································································································ (1分)
由余弦定理,BD =BC +CD -2·BC·CD·cos30°
3
代入得: √h =(√3 ) +200 -2·(√3 )·200· ······································ (3分)
2
化简得:h =3h +40000-600h,即 h -300h+20000=0
解得 h=100或 h=200 ············································································ (5分)
由“点 D位于点 B的南偏西方向”可知,B必在 D的东北方向,从而 B的横坐标应
大于D的横坐标。由BC=√3h,D点向东位移为100√3米,可得√3h>100√3,即h>100。
故只能取 h=200 ·················································································· (7分)
所以山高 AB=200米。 ········································································· (8分)
(2)由第(1)问知,山高 AB=200米。因为缆车在点 M处转换坡度,故两段缆车
各上升 100米。设第一段(倾斜角 15°)的水平距离为 x1,第二段(倾斜角 30°)
的水平距离为 x2. ················································································ (9分)
100 100
则有:tan15°= ,所以 x1= ;
1 tan15°
100 100
tan30°= ,所以 x2= ; ···························································· (11分)
2 tan30°
高三数学答案 第 2页(共 9页)
因此,山脚下缆车上车点到 B点的距离为
100 100
x1+x2= + ·········································································· (12分)
tan15° tan30°
√3
利用常用三角函数值:tan15° = 2 √3,tan30° = ,
3
得 x1+x2=100(2+√3)+100√3=200+200√3 ················································ (14分)
故山脚下缆车上车点到 B点的距离为 200(1+√3)米。 ······························· (15分)
17. 【参考答案】
解:( 2 21)圆C2 : (x 2) (y 2) 1,圆心C2 (2, 2),半径 r 1 .由题意可知直线
l的斜率 k存在,设直线 l的方程为 y 3 k(x 3),即 kx y 3k 3 0 ··· (1分)
| 5k 1| 5
由于直线 l与圆C2相切,所以d 1,解得 k 0或 , ············ (4分)
k 2 1 12
所以直线 l的方程为
y 3或5x 12y 21 0 ···································································· (6分)
(2)记点 A关于 x轴的对称点为 A ',则 A '( 3, 3) .由于反射光线所在直线经过点
A ',且斜率存在,设反射光线所在直线 l ' : y 3 k(x 3),即 kx y 3k 3 0 .
| 5k n 3 |
又圆Cn的圆心为 Cn (2, n),半径 r 1,直线 l
'与圆C d 1n相切,则 ,
k 2 1
整理得
24k 2 10(n 3)k n2 6n 8 0 ························································· (8分)
则两条切线的斜率之积
n2 6n 8
k k . ············································································ (10分) 1 2
24
所以
高三数学答案 第 3页(共 9页)
1 24 1 1
12( )
2 . ······················································· (13分) an n 6n 8 n 2 n 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1
Sn 12( ) 12( ) 7
a1 a2 an 3 5 4 6 n 2 n 4 12 n 3 n 4
···································································································· (15分)
18. 【参考答案】
√3
= a2 = 2
(1)由题意知 ,解得{ ,
= √3 = 1
{ 2 + 2 = 2
2
∴椭圆 C的标准方程为 + 2 = 1.·························································· (3分)
4
(2)翻折前, 所在直线方程为 = ,
=
2√5
联立{ 2 2 ,消 得 5 2 4 = 0,解得 = ± , ····························· (5分) + = 1 5
4
2√5 2√5 2√5 2√5
不妨设 ( , ) , ( , ),翻折后,建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系.
5 5 5 5
2√5 2√5 2√5 2√5
则 (0, , ), ( , , 0), 1 (0,0, √3) , (√2 3,0,0).……6分 5 5 5 5
2√5 4√5 2√5 2√5
于是 √1 2 = ( 3,0, √3) = √3(1,0, 1), = ( , , ) = (1,2, 1). 5 5 5 5
设异面直线 与 1 2所成角为 ,
· 1 2 (1,0, 1)·(1,2, 1)
√3
cos = | | = | | = . ················································ (8分)
| | | | 31 2 √2 √6
√3
故异面直线 与 1 2所成角的余弦值为 . ·············································· (9分) 3
高三数学答案 第 4页(共 9页)
(3)设翻折前 所在直线方程为 = ,
=
联立{x2 2 ,消 得(4
2 + 1) 2 4 = 0, ·········································· (10分)
+ y = 1
4
设 ( 1, 1), ( 2, 2) (令 1 < 2),
4 4 2
由韦达定理有 1 2 = , =
2
4 2+1 1 2 1 2
= . ····························· (11分)
4 2+1
翻折后, (0, 1, 1) , ( 2, 2, 0), = (0, 1, 1) , = ( 2, 2, 0) ,
故| | = √ 2 + 2 = √ 2 + 1 | | , | | = √ 2 + 2 = √ 21 1 1 2 2 + 1| 2|,
则| | | | = ( 2 + 1) | 1| | 2|, ························································ (12分)
· 2
所以 ∠ 1 2cos = = = , ··································· (13分)
| | | | ( 2+1)| || | 2+11 2
4 √2
2+1
于是sin∠ = √1 cos2∠ = √1 = . ···················· (14分) 2 2+1
( 2+1)
1 2 2
所以 = · | | |
1 √2 +1 2√2 +1
△ | ∠ = · [(
2 + 1)| 1|| 2|] · 2 = =2 2 +1 4 2+1
2 2+1
2√ ,
16 4+8 2+1
2 1令 = 2 + 1,有 ≥ 1,于是 △ = 2√ = 24 2 4 +1 √ 1 . 4 + 4
1
令 ( ) = 4 + , 由对勾函数的性质,
( )在[1, +∞)上单调递增. ································································ (15分)
所以当 = 1时 ( )取得最小值,为 (1)=5,此时 △ 取得最大值,
1
的最大值为2 ×√ =2.此时 = 2k2△ + 1 = 1,解得 = 0. ················ (16分) 5 4
所以当直线的斜率 = 0时,△ 面积取得最大值,最大值为2. ·············· (17分)
高三数学答案 第 5页(共 9页)
19. 【参考答案】
ln 1 ln
(1)由 ( ) = 得 ′( ) = . ······················································ (1分)
2
当 = 1时, (1) = 0, ′(1) = 1.
所以,曲线 = ( ) 在点 (1,0) 处的切线方程为 : = 1. ···················· (2分)
由题意,这条切线与曲线 = 2 2 + 恰有一个公共点。
联立得 1 = 2 2 + , 整理为 2 (2 + 1) + ( + 1) = 0.
因为两曲线恰有一个公共点,所以该一元二次方程有两个相等实根,
2
故判别式Δ = (2 + 1) 4( + 1) = 0. ·················································· (3分)
2 2
(2 +1) (2 +1) 4 2+4 3
于是 + 1 = , 从而a = 1 = .
4 4 4
4 2+4 3 3
故 = = 2 + . ·································································· (4分)
4 4
( ) 2 2 +
(2)因为 ( ) = = = 2 + , > 0,
2
所以 ′( ) = 1 = . ·································································· (5分)
2 2
由于 > 0,故 2 > 0,因此 ′( ) 的符号由 2 的符号决定。
分情况讨论:
① 当 ≤ 0 时
对任意 > 0,都有 2 > 0, 故 ′( ) > 0.
所以函数 ( ) 在区间 (0, +∞) 上单调递增。 ······································· (6分)
② 当 > 0 时
当 0 < < √ 时, 2 < 0,故 ′( ) < 0;
当 > √ 时, 2 > 0,故 ′( ) > 0.
高三数学答案 第 6页(共 9页)
因此,函数 ( )在区间(0, √ )上单调递减,在区间(√ ,+∞)上单调递增。 ···· (7分)
综上,函数 ( ) 的单调性为:
≤ 0时, ( )在 (0, +∞)上单调递增;
{ ············· (8分)
> 0时, ( )在(0, √ )上单调递减,在 (√ ,+∞)上单调递增。
ln
(3)由 h( ) = ( ) ( ) = ( 2 2 + ), 要使函数h( )至少存在一个零
ln
点,只需方程 2 + 2 = 0 在 (0, +∞) 上至少有一个解。
ln
移项得 = 2 + 2 . 设 ( ) = 2 + 2 , > 0. ··············· (9分)
则问题转化为:求函数 ( ) 的值域。
将 ( ) 拆成两个函数: ( ) = , ( ) = 2 + 2 , 则 ( ) = ( ) + ( ).
1 ln
先讨论 ( ) 的单调性。因为 ′( ) = , ····································· (10分)
2
所以:当 0 < < e 时, ′( ) > 0,故 ( ) 在 (0, ) 上单调递增;
当 > 时, ′( ) < 0,故 ( ) 在 ( , +∞) 上单调递减。
ln 1
因此,函数 ( ) 在 = 处取得最大值 ( ) = = . ······················· (12分)
再讨论 ( ) 的单调性。因为 ′( ) = 2 + 2 = 2( ),
所以:
当 0 < < 时, ′( ) > 0,故 ( ) 在 (0, ) 上单调递增;
当 > 时, ′( ) < 0,故 ( ) 在 ( , +∞) 上单调递减。
因此,函数 ( ) 在 = 处取得最大值 ( ) = 2 + 2 = 2. ········· (14分)
由于 ( ) 与 ( ) 在区间 (0, ) 上都单调递增,在区间 ( ,+∞) 上都单调递减,
所以它们的和 ( ) = ( ) + ( ) 在区间 (0, ) 上单调递增,在区间 ( , +∞)
高三数学答案 第 7页(共 9页)
上单调递减,从而在 = 处取得最大值。
ln 1 1
于是 ( ) = 2 + 2 = + 2. 故 max ( ) = 2 + .········· (16分)
>0
1
因此,函数 ( ) 至少存在一个零点,当且仅当 ≤ 2 + .
1
所以 ≤ 2 + . ············································································· (17分)
高三数学答案 第 8页(共 9页)
双向细目表
题 题 预设 预设 能力
知识点 对应教材 考点 分值 核心素养
型 号 难度 得分 层次
1 复数 必修二 复数的运算性质 5 0.85 4.25 掌握 数学运算
2 集合 必修一 解不等式、集合的运算 5 0.85 4.25 掌握 数学运算
3 正切函数 必修一 平面向量的线性运算 5 0.8 4 掌握 逻辑推理
选
4 等差数列 选择性必修二 等差数列的求和 5 0.8 4 掌握 逻辑推理、数学建模
择
5 抽象函数 必修一 函数的对称性和周期性 5 0.7 3.5 掌握 数学抽象、数据分析
题
6 全概率公式 选择性必修三 条件概率、全概率公式 5 0.6 3 理解 数据分析、逻辑推理
7 抛物线 选择性必修一 抛物线的性质 5 0.6 3 理解 直观想象、数学运算
8 函数 必修一 函数图象和性质、分类讨论 5 0.3 1.5 理解 数学建模、逻辑推理
多 9 命题 必修一、必修二 立体几何、逻辑、三次函数 6 0.7 4.2 掌握 逻辑推理、数学抽象
选 10 椭圆 选择性必修一 椭圆的性质 6 0.65 3.9 掌握 数学建模、直观想象
题 11 立体几何 选择性必修一 空间角、距离、球 6 0.7 4.2 掌握 数学建模、数学运算
填 12 平面向量 选择性必修三 平面向量的模长 5 0.85 4.25 掌握 数学运算
空 13 解三角形 选择性必修一 正弦定理、单调性 5 0.7 3.5 理解 逻辑推理、数学运算
题 14 导函数 必修一 函数的性质 5 0.3 1.5 理解 数学建模、逻辑推理
15 统计 选择性必修二 回归直线和数学期望 13 0.75 9.75 掌握 数据分析、数学运算
16 解三角形 必修一 解三角形 15 0.65 9.75 掌握 数学运算、数学建模
解 选择性必修一、
17 圆、数列 直线与圆、数列求和 15 0.65 9.75 掌握 直观想象、数学运算
答 必修二
题 18 椭圆 选择性必修一 直线与椭圆的关系、数列 17 0.5 8.5 理解 数学建模、数学运算
数学抽象、逻辑推
19 导函数 必修一 函数的性质、函数的重构 17 0.25 4.25 理解
理、数学运算
高三数学答案 第 9页(共 9页)