(共58张PPT)
第1讲 记叙文
目 录 索 引
体裁解读
技法点拨
01
02
专题概览
考情表解
年份 卷名 体裁 主题 考点分布
主题语境 主题语境内容 2025 全国一卷 记叙文 人与社会 延续旧物的价值 动词(短语)6个;
名词(短语)7个;
形容词(短语)2个
全国二卷 记叙文 人与自我 一位奶奶的健身之路 动词(短语)4个;
名词(短语)9个;
形容词(短语)1个;
副词(短语)1个
年份 卷名 体裁 主题 考点分布
主题语境 主题语境内容 2024 新课标 Ⅰ卷 夹叙 夹议文 人与自我 设定适合自己的目标 动词(短语)8个;名词(短语)5个;形容词(短语)1个;副词(短语)1个
新课标 Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与社会 定居意大利 动词(短语)9个;名词(短语)5个;形容词(短语)1个
全国甲卷 记叙文 人与自我 听奶奶讲述她儿时的故事 动词(短语)7个;名词(短语)8个;形容词(短语)3个;副词(短语)1个;其他短语1个
年份 卷名 体裁 主题 考点分布
主题语境 主题语境内容 2023 新课标 Ⅰ卷 记叙文 人与社会 救助受伤对手 动词(短语)6个;名词(短语)7个;形容词(短语)2个
新课标 Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与社会 宠物公益航班 动词(短语)7个;名词(短语)3个;形容词(短语)4个;副词
(短语)1个
全国 乙卷 记叙文 人与自我 黑人女性夺冠经历 动词(短语)12个;名词(短语)3个;形容词(短语)3个;副词(短语)1个;其他短语1个
全国 甲卷 夹叙 夹议文 人与自我 不要以貌取“物” 动词(短语)8个;名词(短语)4个;形容词(短语)7个;其他短语1个
命题趋势
1.选材立意分析:文体以记叙文为主。主题语境以人与自我和人与社会主题居多,选材凸显立德树人、以文化人的价值导向作用。
2.考查能力分析:考点布设上主要考查动词、名词、形容词和副词,其他词类零星考查。命题体现“突出语篇”的指导思想,考查考生对上下文衔接关系、行文逻辑等的综合理解。着重考查考生的词汇运用能力、阅读理解能力、分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力和跨文化交际能力。
体裁解读
记叙文完形填空可分为叙事和记人两种形式,它们有几个显著的特点:以一般过去时为主,其他时态为辅;大量使用动词;适当出现直接引语。做题时要注意以下几点:
解题要领 要领解读
抓住文章中心 中心思想有助于明确做题方向,提高针对性。文章题目揭示中心思想;如无题目,关注文章开头、结尾,尤其是议论抒情的语句,也可抓住文章的中心。
明确叙述角度 在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”,这样有助于走进作者的思维,深入理解文章的含义。
理清写作顺序 记叙文的写作顺序包括顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙、分叙,理清写作顺序有助于了解事件发展的来龙去脉,从而更迅速、准确地理解文意。
明确写作要素 弄清记叙文的六要素5W1H,即when、where、who、what、why、how,明确这些写作要素就基本上抓住了文章的主体。
洞悉写作目的 写作目的是借助叙事、写人或写景来阐明一个道理,给人以启迪或教益。
[典型例题](2024新课标Ⅱ卷)
When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago,I didn’t think too long.I liked traveling in France,but when it came to picking my favorite spot to
41 ,Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy,I 42 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to 43 a sentence of Italian together,the locals smiled at me and 44 my language skills.That encouragement helped me to get through the language 45 .After I made Italy my permanent home,I discovered how 46 Italians are.Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 47 me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.It’s these small 48 of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
As a foodie,the way to my heart is through my stomach,and nowhere fuels my 49 quite like Italy.Each town has its own traditional 50 ,and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another.Families
51 for big meals on Sundays,birthdays,and whatever other excuses they can 52 .These meals are always 53 by laughter and joy.Whatever
54 life in Italy might have,the problems are 55 once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者十年前决定在欧洲购房时选择了意大利,而不是法国,原因是作者在意大利受到了当地人的鼓励,感受到了他们的温暖,这让他有了家的感觉。
41.A.study B.rent
C.visit D.settle
答案 D
解析 根据下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可知,作者选择最喜欢的地方定居(settle)。
42.A.planned B.struggled
C.refused D.happened
答案 B
解析 根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知,此处指作者第一次到意大利,语言不通,问路或在餐馆点餐都很难(struggled)。
43.A.string B.hang
C.mix D.match
答案 A
解析 根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可知,作者努力想用意大利语串成(string)一句话。
44.A.improved B.assessed
C.admired D.praised
答案 D
解析 根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可知,作者尝试说意大利语,当地人赞扬(praised)作者的语言能力。
45.A.course B.barrier
C.area D.test
答案 B
解析 根据上文“the locals smiled at me and my language skills.That encouragement helped me”可知,当地人的鼓励帮助作者克服了语言障碍(barrier)。
46.A.open-minded B.strong-willed
C.warm-hearted D.well-informed
答案 C
解析 根据下文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese”和“will come to my door to me to close the window in my car when rain is coming”可知,邻居非常热情(warm-hearted)。
47.A.remind B.allow
C.persuade D.order
答案 A
解析 根据“will come to my door”和“me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可知,热心的邻居在下雨的时候来作者家提醒(remind)他关上车窗。
48.A.tricks B.promises
C.acts D.duties
答案 C
解析 根据上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可知,正是这些小小的善举(acts)让人在一个陌生的国度有了家的感觉。
49.A.ambition B.success
C.appetite D.growth
答案 C
解析 根据上文“As a foodie,the way to my heart is through my stomach”可知,没有什么地方能像意大利那样激发作者的食欲(appetite)。
50.A.costume B.dish
C.symbol D.tale
答案 B
解析 根据上文“fuels my ”以及下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可知,意大利各家都有自己的传统菜肴(dish)。
51.A.gather B.cheer
C.leave D.wait
答案 A
解析 根据上文“Families”以及下文“for big meals on Sundays,birthdays,and whatever other excuses”可知,一家人聚集(gather)在一起吃饭。
52.A.put up with B.stand up for
C.come up with D.make up for
答案 C
解析 根据上文“whatever other excuses they can”可知,家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出(come up with)的理由。
53.A.signaled B.confirmed
C.represented D.accompanied
答案 D
解析 根据下文“by laughter and joy”可知,家人们在一起用餐时伴随着欢声笑语。accompanied by意为“伴随着……”。
54.A.disadvantages B.meanings
C.surprises D.opportunities
答案 A
解析 根据上文“Whatever”以及下文“the problems”可知,此处指在意大利的生活可能存在不便之处(disadvantages)。
55.A.created B.forgotten
C.understood D.identified
答案 B
解析 根据上文“Whatever life in Italy might have,the problems”以及下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可知,无论在意大利的生活可能存在什么不便之处,一旦你和朋友、家人坐下来吃顿大餐,这些问题就会被遗忘(forgotten)。
技法点拨
技法1 利用首句提供的信息解题
[典例]When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago,I didn’t think too long.I liked traveling in France,but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 41 ,Italy was the clear winner.
41.A.study B.rent
C.visit D.settle
分析
利用首句分析法解题。根据上文的“decided to buy a house in Europe”及“but when it came to picking my favorite spot”可知,虽然作者喜欢在法国旅行,但是最终还是选择在意大利定居。
[自主解答]
D
【点拨】文章或段落的首句有时为主题句,下文内容往往围绕这一主题展开。因此,利用首句所提供的信息判断正确的选项是一种非常有效的解题方法。记叙文往往在首句交代时间、地点、人物、事件等要素,下文将按照一定的线索展开叙述。说明文一般在首句点明要说明的事物是什么,然后对事物的主要特征进行说明。议论文往往在首句提出论点,下文则列出一个个论据证明这一论点。
[真题体验](2021新高考Ⅰ卷)
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school,when, for three whole days,I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries,which,at Easter time, 41 little bunny(兔子) cakes for all its 42 throughout Cleveland.It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 43 help during our spring break,for which I had no 44 beyond listening to my favorite records.I’d 45 minimum wage.I’d see how a factory 46 . My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their 47 .
43.A.generous B.financial
C.technical D.temporary
答案 D
解析 根据上文的“in middle school”和“for three whole days”可知,作者是短期打工,再结合下文的“during our spring break”可知,此处表示春假期间,市中心的工厂临时需要八个孩子来帮忙。
45.A.offer B.earn
C.set D.suggest
答案 B
解析 根据上文中的“as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school”和空后的“minimum wage”可知,作者当时还是中学生,要做的是临时工的工作,挣的是最低工资。
46.A.worked B.closed
C.developed D.survived
答案 A
解析 由上文中的“I worked in a baking factory.”可知,作者去工厂打工,在那里她可以获知工厂是如何运转的。
技法2 利用一词多义或熟词生义解题
[典例]During my first visit to Italy,I struggled to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to 43 a sentence of Italian together,the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills.That encouragement helped me to get through the language barrier.
43.A.string B.hang
C.mix D.match
分析
利用熟词生义解题。作者刚到意大利时,有语言障碍,所以每次在表达自己的意思时,会用意大利语拼凑句子。string作名词意思是“线”,用作动词意为“把……串起来”,这是生义。
[自主解答]
【点拨】一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考中不断出现的词汇活用现象。备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词生僻意义。
A
[真题体验1](2023浙江1月卷)
Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often 43.dangerous... Sitting on a branch,he 50 towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.
50.A.backed B.dived
C.shouted D.inched
答案 D
解析 back支持;dive跳水;shout对……大声喊叫;inch缓慢移动。根据上文“Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often dangerous.”可知,采集蜂蜜是困难且危险的工作,此处指Ziyad小心翼翼地凑近蜂箱,将烟吹入蜂箱中。故选D项。inch熟义为“英寸”,此处为生义“(使)缓慢移动”。
[真题体验2](2022新高考Ⅰ卷)
So 45.instead of tying him up,I just kept a close eye on him.It 46 —he didn’t end up in the creek.My three-year-old,however,did.
46.A.worked B.happened
C.mattered D.changed
答案 A
解析 work起作用;happen发生;matter要紧;change改变。根据下文“he didn’t end up in the creek”可推知,此处指作者的办法起作用了,孩子没有掉进小溪里。work熟义为“工作”,此处为生义“起作用,奏效”。
技法3 利用逻辑关系解题
语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。逻辑关系隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落间的衔接中,体现作者的写作思路和篇章意义,是贯穿整篇文章的主线。完形填空中的任何一道题该选哪个选项,在文中必有依据。因此,解答完形填空最基本的方法就是根据空格前后所提供的信息或上下文之间的逻辑关系,由已知部分推断出未知部分,做出符合逻辑的判断。
[典例]During my first visit to Italy,I 42 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to 43.string a sentence of Italian together,the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills.
42.A.planned B.struggled
C.refused D.happened
分析
利用对立关系解题。 But表示上下文为转折关系。由下文“smiled at me”可知,作者初到意大利,语言不通,所以在问路和在餐厅点菜时会遇到困难。当地人给作者很大的鼓励,帮助作者克服了语言障碍。
[自主解答]
B
【点拨】完形填空中主要考查的七大逻辑关系:
1.对立关系
对立关系包括让步、对比和转折关系,常见的标志词和短语有but,however, yet,on the contrary(相反),by contrast(相比之下),unfortunately,although,even though,while,nevertheless,whereas,in spite of,regardless of,anyhow,after all, instead of,rather than,not...but...,otherwise,or else,to the opposite,compared with等。
[真题体验1](2025全国一卷)
That left a house still 44.stuffed with things that,while not particularly
45 ,didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
45.A.conventional
B.valuable
C.complicated
D.tolerable
答案 B
解析 “while not particularly ,didn’t belong in a landfill” 形成让步转折,说明物品虽不 “昂贵”,但不该丢弃。故选B项。
[真题体验2](2023全国甲卷)
Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle,but it was 57 .
57.A.perfect B.useful
C.convenient D.familiar
答案 A
解析 perfect完美的;useful有用的;convenient便利的;familiar熟悉的。根据上文“Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle”以及空前的but可知,此处表转折,即马里奥的酒可能是混浊的,而且是从一个旧瓶子里被倒出来的,但它是完美的。故选A项。
2.并列和递进关系
并列和递进关系常用的标志词和短语有and,even,or,neither...nor...,not only... but (also)...,similarly等。
[真题体验3](2019北京卷)
The students who he’s 15.driven have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers,but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson.Some students 16 call him “Grandpa”.
16.A.even B.ever
C.once D.already
答案 A
解析 根据语境,此处表示这些大学生视威尔逊为楷模和朋友,甚至(even)亲切地叫他“爷爷”。
[真题体验4](2022全国甲卷)
A year later,much to my 58.delight,this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me.He did not kneel(跪) down,nor did I 59 him to.That’s only for giving 60.water to the dogs that brought us together.
59.A.beg B.trust
C.need D.aid
答案 C
解析 由下文“That’s only for giving water to the dogs”可知,之前史蒂夫给作者的爱犬喂水这一举动就足以拉近他们两人的关系,因此作者也不需要他下跪。此处nor表示递进关系,意为“也不”。
3.目的和因果关系
目的和因果关系常用的标志词和短语有because,for,since,as,thus,hence, therefore,so,so...that,such...that,in order that,in case,consequently,accordingly, due to,thanks to,on account of,because of,seeing that,in that(因为),now that,as a result,for this reason等。
[真题体验5](2021浙江卷)
My mother was so 51.touched by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier(收银员) a five-dollar bill to keep on hand
52 the same happened to someone else if they didn’t have enough 53.money for all of their groceries.
52.A.in case B.even if
C.as though D.so that
答案 A
解析 in case以防万一;even if即使;as though好像;so that以便。根据语境可知,受到陌生女士的启发,作者的母亲决定在收银台放5美元,以防别人也遇到类似的情况。
4.条件关系
条件关系常用的标志词和短语有if,unless,whether,supposing,on condition that,provided that,depending on等。
[真题体验6]As you mark off another “Earth Day” in your calendars,content that for at least 24 hours I remained in your thoughts,I wanted to remind you that I am sick.I’m frightened that 1 I can’t soon receive the appropriate medicine and care I need,my illness will become terminal beyond all cures.
1.A.when B.though
C.if D.unless
答案 C
解析 句意:我担心如果我不能很快地得到我所需要的适当的药物和护理,我的病就会变成不治之症。if引导条件状语从句。
5.时间关系
时间关系常用的标志词和短语有before,since,as(随着),until,meanwhile,at the moment,when,whenever,as soon as等。
[真题体验7](2020江苏卷)
For him,it was one thing to 49.accept his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 50 it could be fixed so easily.This moved him to action.
50.A.until B.when
C.unless D.before
答案 B
解析 根据下文“This moved him to action.”可知,对他来说,接受自己失明的命运是一回事,而在事情还容易解决的情况下却放任不管就完全是另一回事了。when“当……的时候”,符合此处语境。
6.层次和顺序关系
层次和顺序关系常用的标志词和短语有besides,finally,first,firstly,further, eventually,in the first place,last,next,second,secondly,third,thirdly,to begin with,to start with,on the one hand...on the other (hand)...等。
[真题体验8](2023浙江1月卷)
I 44.followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.Ziyad began preparations.He 45.gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves,wrapped them with string,and 46.lit the bunch to create a torch(火把).Then,with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree,Ziyad began 47.climbing.He stopped every few minutes to move the 48.rope higher up the tree trunk.
49 ,Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.
49.A.Finally B.Surprisingly
C.Naturally D.Immediately
答案 A
解析 finally最终;surprisingly令人意外地;naturally自然地;immediately立刻。根据上文的表顺序关系的关键词“began preparations”和“Then”可知,本空填“Finally”能与上文形成顺承关系。故选A项。
7.例证关系
例证关系常用的标志词和短语有as a proof,as an example,for example,for instance,to name but a few,in particular,just as,namely,such as,that is,as to, say(比方说)等。
[真题体验9]“I hope this method would be put into practice in the near future,
1 in the next 10 years,” he says.
1.A.imagine B.say
C.suppose D.consider
答案 B
解析 say在此处用作举例,意为“譬如,比方说”。
课堂应用
(2025全国二卷)
Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma.She only started to 1 seven years ago after having a 2 call.She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues,which 3 led her to getting surgery.After that experience,she knew that she needed to make a 4 .Determined to turn her life around,Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 5 lifestyle,before discovering a 6 for weightlifting.
Since setting out on the journey,the 7 lover has not only managed to
8 an impressive set of muscles—but also a huge following on social media.
The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content,explaining there’s no 9 others can’t look this good.She said it was all down to some key aspects.
“Hold on:Consider failure as a 10 to success and never give up.Stick to your plan,” she said.“ 11 others:Lift others up on your journey.Success is sweeter when 12 .”She previously explained that “you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise...the 13 is to feel good,not look good.”
Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out,but she has proved the 14 wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an 15 for many social media users.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了65岁的Evelyn Donohue在经历健康危机后改变生活方式,开始练举重,取得成就并分享成功的秘诀。
1.A.write B.travel
C.exercise D.recover
答案 C
解析 根据下文“Ms Donohue began to work out...”可知,此处指老奶奶开始锻炼(exercise)身体。 work out与exercise为同义复现。
2.A.goodwill B.timeout
C.long-distance D.wake-up
答案 D
解析 根据下文“She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues”可知,Donohue在经历了一次“警醒事件”(wake-up call)后才开始锻炼身体。
3.A.normally B.ultimately
C.suddenly D.automatically
答案 B
解析 根据上文“She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues”以及下文“led her to getting surgery”可知,健康问题最终(ultimately)导致她做手术,符合事情发展的逻辑。
4.A.change B.fortune
C.wish D.deal
答案 A
解析 根据上文“led her to getting surgery”及下文“turn her life around”可知,她经历过手术后领悟到了自己需要改变(change)。
5.A.risky B.traditional
C.comfortable D.healthy
答案 D
解析 根据上文“Ms Donohue began to work out”可知,她开始锻炼身体并遵循健康的(healthy)生活方式。
6.A.demand B.secret
C.passion D.cure
答案 C
解析 根据上文“Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 5 lifestyle”以及下文“for weightlifting”可知,她开始锻炼身体,发现了对举重的热爱(passion)。a passion for sth.意为“对某事充满热情”。
7.A.peace B.fitness
C.fun D.nature
答案 B
解析 根据语境以及下文“workout content”可知,她是健身(fitness)爱好者。
8.A.grow B.control
C.activate D.relax
答案 A
解析 根据下文“an impressive set of muscles”可知,她练出肌肉,即增肌(grow muscles)。
9.A.need B.choice
C.reason D.difference
答案 C
解析 根据上文“no”以及下文“others can’t look this good”可知,她认为其他人没有理由(reason)不能看起来(像她)这么好。也就是她能做到,别人也可以。
10.A.green light B.road block
C.passing mark D.stepping stone
答案 D
解析 根据语境和上文“Consider failure as a”以及下文“to success”可知,此处的意思是“坚持下去:把失败当作通往成功的垫脚石(stepping stone),永不放弃”。
11.A.Help B.Consult
C.Follow D.Forgive
答案 A
解析 根据下文“Lift others up on your journey”可知,此处指她提倡帮助(help)他人。
12.A.accepted B.shared
C.expected D.celebrated
答案 B
解析 此处表示的是“成功在分享时(shared)更甜蜜”,呼应上文她在社交媒体上激励并帮助他人的做法。
13.A.goal B.case
C.duty D.cost
答案 A
解析 此处表示的是“锻炼的目标(goal)是让自己感觉良好,而非看起来好看。”与上文“you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise”呼应。
14.A.instructors B.admirers
C.beginners D.doubters
答案 D
解析 根据上文“Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out”以及下文“wrong in the best possible way”可知,Donohue女士用自己的方式证明怀疑者(doubters)错了。
15.A.authority B.excuse
C.inspiration D.option
答案 C
解析 根据语境以及下文“for many social media users”可知,一位65岁的老奶奶坚持健身,积极改变自己的生活,这对其他人来说就是励志的典范。由此可知,她成为许多社交媒体用户的力量源泉,激励了很多人。inspiration意为“鼓舞人心的人”。(共37张PPT)
第2讲 夹叙夹议文
目 录 索 引
体裁解读
技法点拨
01
02
体裁解读
解题要领 要领解读
分析结构,抓住作者的观点 借助文章结构,即事例→观点,观点→事例,观点→事例→观点,体会记叙和议论的关系,抓住作者的观点,明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构,从而明白作者的写作思路。
重视首句,把握文章主题 首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作中心,为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。
解题要领 要领解读
叙议兼顾,理解议论内涵 夹叙夹议文中叙与议是一个有机的整体,叙是议的基础,而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时,掌握议论部分的内容是关键,因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来,再结合对人物心理和行为的描述,全面把握文章才能正确解题。
抓住转换,理清逻辑关系 抓住记叙与议论的转换,及时调整思维方式,理清上下文之间的逻辑关系,在充分把握语境的基础上,辨析词语,进一步把握作者的观点、态度,找到正确答案。
[典型例题](2024新课标Ⅰ卷)
I’ve been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager,a neighborhood friend 41 a marathon race. Feeling motivated,I started running 42 ,but then two things happened.First, a girl I met one day told me she was 43 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon.Then,the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles. To be honest,I 44 it!Between the girl making my 45 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging,I decided that the only 46 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 47 cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.I 48 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.While she was at work one day,I 49 her bike and went for a ride.The 50 :The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 51 .That day,I got 52 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.When I got back home,suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 53 .
I’ve 54 a lot since then.I’ve come to accept that whatever 55 I set for myself,they just have to be my own.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者在一生中从其他人的成就中,既受到了激励,也变得消极的故事,最终作者明白了这样一个道理:无论自己设定什么样的目标,都必须是适合自己的目标。
41.A.knew B.held
C.won D.quit
答案 C
解析 根据下一句中的“Feeling motivated”可推断出,作者的朋友赢得了(won)一场马拉松比赛。
42.A.regularly B.silently
C.proudly D.recently
答案 A
解析 根据“Feeling motivated,I started running”可知,作者受到了激励,所以开始经常(regularly)跑步。
43.A.asking B.looking
C.waiting D.training
答案 D
解析 根据空后的“for a ‘super,’referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知,作者遇到的一个女孩说她正在为一场52.4英里的双程马拉松进行训练(training)。
44.A.made B.believed
C.hated D.deserved
答案 C
解析 根据前文的“Then,the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles.”以及后文的“Between the girl making my seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知,作者最长跑了15英里,和女孩一比微不足道,所以他讨厌(hate)跑步。
45.A.advantage B.achievement
C.contribution D.influence
答案 B
解析 根据上下文语境可知,作者最长跑了15英里,而女孩在为52.4英里做训练,所以应是作者的成就(achievement)看起来微不足道。
46.A.way B.risk
C.place D.reason
答案 D
解析 根据上文的“Between the girl...and the pure boredom of jogging”可知,作者在跑步方面的热情被浇灭,因此他决定自己再次跑步的原因(reason)只能是“如果有一条大狗追自己”。
47.A.gave up B.went on
C.turned to D.dealt with
答案 C
解析 由上文可知,作者不跑步了,再根据下文作者买了自行车,并经常骑车可知,他转向了(turned to)骑自行车。
48.A.heard B.dreamed
C.complained D.approved
答案 B
解析 根据上一句“I got a good bike and rode a lot.”可知,作者对骑自行车又有了浓厚的兴趣,故他梦想着(dreamed)参加自行车比赛。
49.A.painted B.borrowed
C.bought D.parked
答案 B
解析 根据上文可知,作者去了姐姐家。一天姐姐去上班了,作者借了(borrowed)她的自行车,去骑车了。
50.A.problem B.secret
C.principle D.advice
答案 A
解析 根据空后的“The roads there went through large valleys...riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知,作者这次骑自行车面临着路线不好走的问题(problem)。
51.A.dangers B.events
C.opponents D.challenges
答案 D
解析 根据上文的描述“The roads...riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知,作者从来没有遇到过这样的挑战(challenges)。
52.A.passed B.convinced
C.admired D.stopped
答案 A
解析 根据“about 100 ‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads”和“When I got back home,suddenly...”可知,作者又遇到了挫折:他被当地大约100名习惯了路况的骑自行车的人超越了(passed)。
53.A.reliable B.convenient
C.familiar D.appealing
答案 D
解析 根据“suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as...”可知,作者突然觉得骑自行车好像不那么有吸引力了(appealing)。
54.A.traveled B.matured
C.missed D.worried
答案 B
解析 根据下文的“I’ve come to accept that whatever I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知,从那时起,作者成熟了(matured)许多。
55.A.limits B.dates
C.goals D.tests
答案 C
解析 作者跑步和骑自行车都是他为自己设定的目标,所以作者已经开始接受这样一个事实:无论他为自己设定什么目标(goals),都必须是适合他自己的目标。
技法点拨
技法1 利用生活常识和文化背景解题
[典例]First,a girl I met one day told me she was 43 for a “super”, referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon.
43.A.asking B.looking
C.waiting D.training
分析
根据生活常识可以推测,女孩要跑52.4英里的双程马拉松,所以她要为了成为一名“超人”而训练。
[自主解答]
D
【点拨】一些完形填空题经常会涉及文化或生活常识方面的知识,这些文化或生活常识主要靠考生平时的阅读积累,从某种程度上来说,此类问题主要考查考生的学习视野和知识面。
(1)生活常识
[真题体验1](2025全国二卷)
“Hold on:Consider failure as a 50 to success and never give up.Stick to your plan,” she said.“51.Help others:Lift others up on your journey.Success is sweeter when 52.shared.”
50.A.green light B.road block
C.passing mark D.stepping stone
答案 D
解析 句中“failure(失败)” 与“success(成功)”形成对比,且空格后有“to success”,暗示失败与成功之间存在某种“通往”或“转化”的关系。结合语境逻辑与生活常识,失败应被视为通往成功的“垫脚石”。故选D项。
[真题体验2](2023全国甲卷)
It’s good to eat things at the correct time,when they’re 58 ,and as close as possible to where they were 59 .
58.A.on view B.on sale
C.in season D.in need
答案 C
解析 on view在展出;on sale出售;in season应季的;in need在困难中。根据生活常识可知,“吃应季的和尽可能靠近产地的东西”是正确的做法。故选C项。
59.A.finished B.stored
C.found D.grown
答案 D
解析 finish完成;store贮存;find找到;grow种植,生长。根据生活常识可知, “吃应季的和尽可能靠近原产地的东西”是正确的做法。故选D项。
(2)文化背景
[真题体验3](天津卷)
Roberta appeared on the stage.She took a deep breath and began to 16.speak.Now she was Portia,a strong-willed 17 in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice.The theatre was filled with people.She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced,the words flowing 18.smoothly from her.
17.A.member B.actress
C.player D.character
答案 D
解析 表示小说或戏剧中的“人物”或“角色”,用character。故选D项。
技法2 利用语境暗示分析法解题
[典例]While she was at work one day,I 49 her bike and went for a ride.
49.A.painted B.borrowed
C.bought D.parked
分析
利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据本空前的“While she was at work one day”暗示可推知,姐姐去上班了,所以作者借了她的自行车。
[自主解答]
【点拨】上下文语境具体体现为全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中,我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示,即根据已知信息,推导出正确答案。
B
(1)根据上文提示
[真题体验1](2023新课标Ⅰ卷)
As reported by a local newspaper,Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44.race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 45.stopped to help her fellow runner,Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 46 .She couldn’t.
46.A.courage B.aid
C.patience D.advice
答案 B
解析 courage勇气;aid帮助;patience耐心;advice建议。根据上文语境“She stopped to help her fellow runner”可知,此处表示看Lenoue是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选B项。
(2)根据下文提示
[真题体验2](2023新课标Ⅱ卷)
They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 41 .They could not afford to pay for 42.transportation for their dog,Tiffy,and 43.desperately wanted to take her with them.
41.A.turn B.budget
C.schedule D.connection
答案 B
解析 turn转折点;budget预算;schedule时间表;connection联系。根据下文语境“They could not afford to pay for transportation for their dog,Tiffy”可知,这个家庭的预算非常紧张。故选B项。
课堂应用
(2020全国Ⅰ卷改编)
Since our twins began learning to walk,my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.The 1 is obvious.If we admit it is a door,they’ll want to go outside 2 .It will drive us crazy.The kids apparently know the 3 .But our insisting it’s merely a window has kept them from 4 millions of requests to open the door.
I hate lying to the kids.One day they’ll 5 and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a lie.
I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the 6 .I have a very strong 7 that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual damage to our children.Windows and doors have 8 metaphorical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door.What if later in 9 they come to a metaphorical door,like an opportunity(机会) of some sort,and 10 opening the door and taking the opportunity,they just
11 it and wonder,“What if it isn’t a door ” That is,“What if it isn’t a 12 opportunity ”
Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear.But the 13 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids.I should just 14 repeatedly having to say,“No.We can’t go outside now.” Then when they come to other doors in life,be they real or metaphorical,they won’t 15 to open them and walk through.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在生活中,父母可以向孩子撒谎吗 如果父母对孩子撒谎,有可能会对孩子造成精神上的伤害。
1.A.relief B.target
C.reason D.case
答案 C
解析 结合上下文可知,作者夫妇告诉孩子们那扇滑动玻璃门只是一扇窗户,而对孩子们撒谎的原因是想要阻止他们出去,这个“原因”是显而易见的。故选C项。
2.A.gradually B.constantly
C.temporarily D.casually
答案 B
解析 根据常识可知,孩子们会不断地想从门里走出去。constantly 不断地。故选B项。
3.A.result B.danger
C.method D.truth
答案 D
解析 根据下文“我们坚持说它是窗户”可知,此处意为“孩子们显然是知道了真相”。故选D项。
4.A.reviewing B.approving
C.receiving D.attempting
答案 D
解析 孩子们知道了它是一道门时,就会尝试着请求到外面去。孩子们在是否能到外面去这个问题上还是尝试着向父母做出请求,这符合常理。故选D项。
5.A.win out B.give up
C.wake up D.stand out
答案 C
解析 随着孩子们长大,终有一天他们会发现他们一直知道的窗户是个谎言,也就是说他们觉醒了。故选C项。
6.A.restrictions B.explanations
C.differences D.consequences
答案 D
解析 根据常识可知,父母无论是一直说谎还是一直讲真话,都会产生后果。故可判断句意为“我不知道父母是否应该一直不计后果地讲真话”。故选D项。
7.A.demand B.fear
C.desire D.doubt
答案 B
解析 根据下文“Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear”可知,此处意为“我有一种很强的担忧”。故选B项。
8.A.traditional B.important
C.double D.original
答案 B
解析 本段中,作者将“机会”比喻为“门 ”,而生活中的机会对于每个人来说都是“重要的”,因此,在生活中,门和窗户有着“重要的”比喻意义。故选B项。
9.A.life B.time
C.reply D.history
答案 A
解析 根据下文“Then when they come to other doors in life”可知,此处意为“要是他们在以后的生活中遇到一个具有比喻意义的门……”故选A项。
10.A.by comparison with
B.in addition to
C.regardless of
D.instead of
答案 D
解析 根据下文wonder可推知他们在遇到可能是机会的门时会感到疑惑,所以此处是说他们不敢打开门。instead of “而不是”。故选D项。
11.A.get hold of B.stare at
C.knock on D.make use of
答案 B
解析 根据上文“而不是打开门”和下文的wonder(疑惑)可知,此处应为“凝视”。故选B项。
12.A.real B.typical
C.similar D.limited
答案 A
解析 根据上文的“What if it isn’t a door ”这一问句可知,孩子们可能怀疑它不是一个真实的机会。故选A项。
13.A.safety rule B.comfort zone
C.bottom line D.top secret
答案 C
解析 综合全文来看,作者认为父母应该教育孩子何时打开生活中的隐喻之“门”,而不应该对孩子说谎。说谎与否是衡量人是否诚实的尺度,这应该是做人的底线,而不是安全问题。故选C项。
14.A.delay B.regret
C.enjoy D.accept
答案 D
解析 根据下一句可知,作者会告诉孩子那是一扇门,但是现在还不能出去,由此可知,作者认为自己应该“接受”告知孩子们“门”的真相,尽管这意味着会不断拒绝孩子们出去的要求。故选D项。
15.A.hurry B.decide
C.hesitate D.intend
答案 C
解析 当父母不再向孩子们撒谎,那么当孩子们看到“门”的时候也不会怀疑,他们会没有“顾虑”地打开门,走过去。这与第三段中的“stare at it and wonder”形成对比,此处要表达“没有疑虑或顾虑”的意思。(共34张PPT)
第3讲 说明文
目 录 索 引
体裁解读
技法点拨
01
02
体裁解读
说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比,说明文类完形填空多用一般现在时,其语言简练、平实、准确,常采用客观描述,其主题明确,层次分明。高考说明文类完形填空往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象,从而为同学们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且,作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章,使文章结构清晰,层次分明。
解题要领 内容解读
明确说明对象,理清段落关系 通读全文,明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点,理清各段之间的关系,加深对说明对象的理解。
弄清说明顺序,把握作者态度 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络,加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外,在理清作者思路的基础上,还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句,把握作者的写作情感和意图。
[典型例题](2022全国乙卷改编)
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them,there’s something highly exciting about 1 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
But we witness preschool children are remarkably 2 at hiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands,leaving the rest of their bodies
3 .
For a long time,this ineffective hiding method was 4 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures.But our surprising research results in child developmental psychology 5 that idea.
We brought children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 6 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 7 . We then asked the child if she could 8 or hear the adult.Surprisingly, children replied they couldn’t.
A number of 9 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.The results were clear:Our young subjects 10 the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them.Their 11 to the questions reflected their true 12 that “I can see you only if you can see me,too.” They simply 13 mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.Our
14 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head,it’s not a result of egocentrism.Actually children consider this method 15 when others use it.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们玩捉迷藏时,只遮住自己的眼睛并不是“自我中心”的表现,而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
1.A.following B.taking
C.escaping D.directing
答案 C
解析 根据下文“making oneself unable to be seen”可知,此处表示儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏,躲避寻找者的目光。故选C项。
2.A.clever B.bad
C.scared D.quick
答案 B
解析 根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands,leaving the rest of their bodies .”可知,他们经常只是用手捂住眼睛,而其余身体部分无遮蔽,因此学龄前儿童不擅长隐藏。be bad at sth表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。
3.A.exposed B.examined
C.untouched D.imbalanced
答案 A
解析 根据上文可知,儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛,身体的其余部分无遮蔽,是暴露在外的。故选A项。
4.A.supported B.guaranteed
C.imagined D.interpreted
答案 D
解析 根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly ‘egocentric’(自我中心的) creatures”可知,此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为一种证据,证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。
5.A.explained B.confirmed
C.contradicted D.tested
答案 C
解析 根据前面的But可知,研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾。故选C项。
6.A.parent B.child
C.researcher D.doctor
答案 B
解析 根据上文“We brought children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知,此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。
7.A.feet B.nose
C.hands D.ears
答案 D
解析 根据下文“or hear the adult”可知,实验中,儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音,所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。
8.A.see B.help
C.reach D.fool
答案 A
解析 根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知,成年人遮住了自己的眼睛,所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。
9.A.instructions B.descriptions
C.experiments D.assumptions
答案 C
解析 句意:许多实验排除了孩子们误解问题的可能性。experiment实验。故选C项。
10.A.comprehended B.predicted
C.explored D.ignored
答案 A
解析 根据下文“and knew exactly what was asked of them”可知,儿童理解了问题,并确切知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。
11.A.responses B.approaches
C.contribution D.sensitivity
答案 A
解析 根据上文“We then asked the child if she could or hear the adult. Surprisingly,children replied they couldn’t.”可知,此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。
12.A.ability B.belief
C.identity D.purpose
答案 B
解析 根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me,too.”可知,此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。
13.A.hold back B.relate to
C.insist on D.make up
答案 C
解析 根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me,too.”可知,孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互承认和尊重。故选C项。
14.A.limitations B.requirements
C.theories D.findings
答案 D
解析 根据上文“We brought children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知,此处指实验的研究结果。故选D项。
15.A.tentative B.impressive
C.creative D.effective
答案 D
解析 根据上文“They simply mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.”可知,孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重,所以当其他人使用这种方法时,孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。
技法点拨
技法1 利用破解长难句解题
[典例]For a long time,this ineffective hiding method was 4 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures.But our surprising research results in child developmental psychology 5.contradicted that idea.
4.A.supported B.guaranteed
C.imagined D.interpreted
分析
利用破解长难句解题。“as evidence that children are hopelessly ‘egocentric’ (自我中心的) creatures”中that引导的是同位语从句,说明evidence的内容,表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为一种证据,证明儿童是以自我为中心的。
[自主解答]
【点拨】说明文完形填空中会出现一些长句或难句,而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析,准确理解句意,明确所填选项在句中的语法功能,从而做出正确判断。
D
[真题体验](2023新课标Ⅱ卷)
George,the husband,was trying to be calm,but I could tell this was 48 for him,having to leave his dog to a 49 and trust that everything would
50 .
48.A.hard B.fine
C.common D.lucky
答案 A
解析 本句句式较为复杂,“but”连接转折并列句,“having to leave...”为现在分词短语作原因状语。根据上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“having to leave his dog to a and trust that everything would ”可推知,此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A项。
49.A.co-worker B.passenger
C.stranger D.neighbor
答案 C
解析 根据“George,the husband,was trying to be calm,but I could tell this was for him”可知,此处指把狗留给一个陌生人。故选C项。
50.A.speed up B.work out
C.come back D.take off
答案 B
解析 speed up加速;work out解决;come back回来;take off起飞。根据上文可知,让狗的主人George把狗留给一个陌生人并相信一切都会解决好,对他来说很难。故选B项。
技法2 利用首尾呼应关系解题
[典例]We brought children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC...
...Our 14 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it’s not a result of egocentrism.
14.A.limitations B.requirements
C.theories D.findings
分析
根据上文“We brought children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC...”可知,此处指实验的研究结果。
[自主解答]
D
【点拨】语篇层次题是完形填空中难度最高的试题,也是学生的拉分题。此类试题需要阅读全篇,站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确答案。
课堂应用
Money doesn’t grow on trees,as the saying goes,and learning how to spend money wisely is a valuable lesson we should all learn when we are young.In China,a growing number of young individuals are embracing this
1 and finding that being frugal(节俭的) can be both rewarding and 2 .
Young individuals in China are actively engaging with 3 responsibility by sharing their budget-friendly strategies and smart shopping advice across various digital platforms.Known as “koukouzu” or the “Frugal Tribe”,they 4 against impulsive(冲动的) spending on luxury brands or frequent 5 of trendy bubble tea.They would rather save up for good quality clothes that will last a long time,instead of some cheaply made fast-fashion 6 .To resist the temptation of impulse buying,some have chosen to
7 applications like Taobao and Meituan from their devices.These frugal
8 have also banded together to form online communities,with one Douban group boasting a membership of 600,000,where members 9 ideas and support each other in their journey towards financial freedom.
Saving cash through the purchase of used goods is a strategy adopted by many who 10 that second hand does not always mean second rate. 11 , I once bought a pair of 12 worn Crockett Jones shoes,a British brand with a regular price tag of $1,200,for a mere $100.What a 13 !Moreover, choosing second-hand items supports environmental conservation by giving new life to objects that would otherwise 14 in landfills,reducing waste and promoting reuse.
Frugality, 15 in Chinese culture since Confucius,is a virtue.Yet,the joy of bargain hunting adds a modern twist to this ancient wisdom.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。学习如何明智地花钱是我们年轻时都应该学习的宝贵一课。在中国,越来越多的年轻人正在接受这一原则,并发现节俭既有益又令人愉快。
1.A.version B.restriction
C.principle D.presentation
答案 C
解析 上文“Money doesn’t grow on trees”以及“learning how to spend money wisely is a valuable lesson we should all learn when we are young”提到,如何明智地花钱是我们年轻时都应该学习的宝贵一课,由此可知,此处应表示越来越多的年轻人正在接受这一原则。
2.A.available B.enjoyable
C.demanding D.incredible
答案 B
解析 根据句意以及上文的“can be both rewarding”可知,此处应表示节俭既有益又令人愉快。故选B项。
3.A.invisible B.valuable
C.friendly D.financial
答案 D
解析 根据上文提到的如何明智地花钱是我们年轻时都应该学习的宝贵一课,以及下文的“by sharing their budget-friendly strategies”可知,此处应表示中国的年轻人应该积极承担起财务责任。
4.A.advocate B.intend
C.indicate D.pretend
答案 A
解析 下文“...against impulsive spending on luxury brands”提到,反对冲动消费奢侈品牌,由此可知,此处应表示他们并不倡导冲动消费。故选A项。
5.A.visits B.creations
C.purchases D.celebrations
答案 C
解析 根据上文提到的反对冲动消费奢侈品牌,以及下文的“trendy bubble tea”可知,此处应表示反对频繁购买时尚的珍珠奶茶。
6.A.items B.shoes
C.pants D.hats
答案 A
解析 上文“They would rather save up for good quality clothes”提到,他们宁愿存钱买经久耐用的高质量衣服,由此可知,此处应表示不愿买廉价的快时尚物品。
7.A.download B.remove
C.advertise D.update
答案 B
解析 上文“To resist the temptation of impulse buying”提到抵制冲动购物的诱惑,再根据下文的“applications like Taobao and Meituan”可知,此处应表示一些人选择从他们的设备中删除淘宝和美团等应用程序。
8.A.assistants B.operators
C.pessimists D.enthusiasts
答案 D
解析 根据句意以及下文的“have also banded together to form online communities”可知,此处应表示这些节俭爱好者还联合起来组成了网络社区。
9.A.exchange B.perform
C.polish D.presume
答案 A
解析 根据下文的“and support each other in their journey towards financial freedom”可知,此处应表示在那里,成员们在走向财务自由的道路上交换意见,相互支持。
10.A.mean B.forbid
C.resume D.recognize
答案 D
解析 下文的“that second hand does not always mean second rate”提到,二手不意味着次品,由此可知,此处应表示他们认识到二手并不总是意味着次品。
11.A.Above all B.For instance
C.In turn D.On average
答案 B
解析 根据下文“I once bought a pair of worn Crockett Jones shoes”可知,此处应为列举出的例子。
12.A.barely B.badly
C.deadly D.totally
答案 A
解析 根据上文提到的他们认识到二手并不总是意味着次品,以及下文的“a British brand with a regular price tag of $1,200,for a mere $100”可知,此处应表示花了100美元买了一双几乎没有穿过的Crockett Jones鞋,这是一个标价1200美元的英国品牌。
13.A.day B.bargain
C.pity D.shame
答案 B
解析 根据上文“a British brand with a regular price tag of $1,200,for a mere $100”提到,花了100美元买了一双几乎没有穿过的Crockett Jones鞋,这是一个标价1200美元的英国品牌。由此可知,此处应表示这是非常便宜的商品。
14.A.make up B.turn up
C.bring up D.end up
答案 D
解析 根据句意以及下文的“in landfills”可知,此处应表示它给那些最终会被扔进垃圾填埋场的物品赋予了新的生命。
15.A.rooted B.originated
C.lived D.spotted
答案 A
解析 根据句意以及下文的“in Chinese culture since Confucius”可知,此处应表示节俭是一种美德,自孔子以来就植根于中国文化。(共46张PPT)
第4讲 议论文
目 录 索 引
体裁解读
技法点拨
01
02
体裁解读
议论文是高考完形填空较难的一种文体,一般由三个要素组成:论点、论据、结论。论点和论据形成一体,相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清晰、行文流畅,会使用一些过渡词,如:on the contrary,all in all,in short,generally speaking,worse still,on the other hand,in conclusion,as a consequence等。做题时要注意以下几点:
解题要领 内容解读
首句制胜,论点明确 议论文完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点,然后在各段的首句提出分论点。
不同的论点提出方式 ①开门见山地提出论点,然后再通过具体的论据去证明论点,论据有时候既有正面的论据,也有反面的论据,最后总结全文。②导入式提出论点。先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象,然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点,再用具体的论据去证明自己的论点。③最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象,不表明自己的观点,而是通过对具体现象的分析,最后得出一个结论。
关注尾段 尾段通常照应论点。
[典型例题](2022浙江6月改编)
Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch—and they love it.“Again,Daddy,again!”Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again.His trust in me is 1 ,which is quite a nice feeling,but at the same time gives me a huge sense of 2 .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully,but I know that,as he gets 3 ,it will need more effort and sound judgment on my part.Trust is such an important part of a 4 relationship that it’s something that can’t 5 to lose.Every time I introduce Jacky to something new,he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels 6 in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt. 7 , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to 8 that,when he’s swimming in the big pool,I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
9 in the workplace,trust is important for strong 10 .It is something that every manager should work hard to 11 among their team. If people don’t trust you,they’re unlikely to 12 your directions and willingly become a loyal(忠诚) team member.A 13 of trust can make people work against you rather than for you.At the very least,it means that people are not going to be 14 you their best.Good 15 ,like good parenting,is a long-term commitment.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任在亲子关系中和在工作管理方面的重要性。
1.A.reasonable B.limited
C.absolute D.important
答案 C
解析 根据上文“Again,Daddy,again!”可知,孩子要求一次次被抛向空中,由此可知,他对父亲是完全信任的。故选C项。
2.A.relief B.satisfaction
C.achievement D.responsibility
答案 D
解析 结合语境,此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成了父亲的责任,即孩子的信任给了父亲一种责任感。故选D项。
3.A.older B.busier
C.quieter D.healthier
答案 A
解析 根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment on my part”可知,随着他长大,这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A项。
4.A.long-distance B.high-risk
C.parent-child D.teacher-student
答案 C
解析 本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系,所以是一种亲子关系。故选C项。
5.A.afford B.choose
C.wait D.expect
答案 A
解析 根据上文“Trust is such an important part of a relationship”可知,它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A项。
6.A.safe B.happy
C.proud D.grateful
答案 A
解析 根据上文“he trusts me”和下文“in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt”可知,只是因为他相信作者,知道自己不会受伤,所以觉得自己会很安全。故选A项。
7.A.Above all B.In addition
C.At first D.For example
答案 D
解析 根据上文内容以及下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ”可知,作者在举例子。故选D项。
8.A.admit B.believe
C.suggest D.imagine
答案 B
解析 根据上文“because he trusts me”可知,教儿子游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时,如果他溺水,作者会去救他。故选B项。
9.A.However B.Therefore
C.Similarly D.Fortunately
答案 C
解析 作者从父子之间的信任转移到职场,所以同样,在工作场所,信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C项。
10.A.affection B.determination
C.friendship D.leadership
答案 D
解析 根据下文“It is something that every manager”可知,信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D项。
11.A.assess B.organize
C.develop D.understand
答案 C
解析 根据常识可知,获得别人的信任需要培养。故选C项。
12.A.repeat B.follow
C.change D.forget
答案 B
解析 根据上文“If people don’t trust you”可知,如果人们不信任你,他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B项。
13.A.gesture B.measure
C.bond D.lack
答案 D
解析 根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知,缺乏信任会让人们与你作对而不是支持你。故选D项。
14.A.telling B.giving
C.selling D.sending
答案 B
解析 其他人不信任你,所以不会给你展现他们最好的水平。故选B项。
15.A.management B.personality
C.communication D.education
答案 A
解析 根据上文“in the workplace”以及“manager”可知,作者在说管理。故选A项。
技法点拨
技法1 利用排除法解题
[典例]If people don’t trust you,they’re unlikely to 12.follow your directions and willingly become a loyal(忠诚) team member.A 13 of trust can make people work against you rather than for you.At the very least,it means that people are not going to be 14.giving you their best.
13.A.gesture B.measure
C.bond D.lack
分析
根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知,缺乏信任会让人们与你作对,而不是支持你。
[自主解答]
D
【点拨】在掌握文章大意和细节的前提下,考生可以试填试题中的各个选项,选出最吻合语境、最衔接语义的选项,这种解题方法被称为“排除错项”。
[真题体验](2023新课标Ⅰ卷)
Once there,Lenoue was 49 and later taken to a hospital,where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.She would have struggled with extreme 50.pain to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
49.A.interrupted B.assessed
C.identified D.appreciated
答案 B
解析 根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知,她是先接受了检查,再被送往医院,也就是先接受“评估”,因此B项最吻合语境,这样就能排除另外三个选项。故选B项。
技法2 利用词汇复现法解题
在高考完形填空中,命题人往往通过原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、同源词复现、反义词复现、上下词复现等方式重现已经出现过的词汇。做题时,在把握语篇、透析语境的前提下,应留心选项中是否有与上下文相对应的词汇,运用词汇复现技巧快速锁定答案。
[典例]...he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels 6.safe in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt.7.For example,teaching Jacky to swim means he has to
8 that,when he’s swimming in the big pool,I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
8.A.admit B.believe
C.suggest D.imagine
分析
利用同义词复现解题。根据上文“because he trusts me”可知,教儿子游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时,如果他溺水,作者会去救他。believe是trust的同义复现。
[自主解答]
B
【点拨】完形填空中主要考查的五大复现关系:
(1)原词复现——在上下文中同一词汇重复出现
原词复现是指一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的词形反复出现,有时兼有词形变化。
[真题体验1](2023全国乙卷)
“I’m going to inspire so many people,” she said.“I’m ready to 60 .” And shine she did.
60.A.shine B.fly
C.dance D.score
答案 A
解析 由上文“I’m going to inspire so many people”和下文“And shine she did.”可知,她认为自己将会激励很多人,即自己会发光,影响到很多人。空格处的shine是空后shine 的原词复现。故选A项。
(2)同根词复现——词形变化的词汇复现
同根词复现是指文中的某个句子中复现了所填词的派生词。这类题首先要求考生在平时的学习中掌握基本的构词法和基本词缀,其次是要能在上下文中找出相应的线索。
[真题体验2](2023新课标Ⅱ卷)
It just 44.happened that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot,Karen,who 45.offered to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.What I was to do was fly to Topeka to 46.pick up Tiffy.
...
The flight was 53.uneventful,and Tiffy was a great passenger.The next day,she 54 with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days.He was so 55.thankful and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
54.A.returned B.fought
C.flew D.agreed
答案 C
解析 根据上文中“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot,Karen, who offered to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia”和空前的“The flight was uneventful,and Tiffy was a great passenger.”可知,Karen带着Tiffy飞往弗吉尼亚州。本空中的flew与前文的flight是同根词复现。故选C项。
(3)同/近义词复现——意思相同、相近的表达方式或者解释性的词汇复现
同/近义词复现是指上下文中的某个甚至是多个句子出现了所填词的同/近义词,对所填词所在的句子起到了诠释或照应的作用。
[真题体验3](2023全国乙卷)
To become the Olympic champion in the individual(个人) all-around event,Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41.knew best...Even at 14, Douglas knew that.So she 47 about 1,200 miles away from home,to 48.train with a coach from China.
47.A.dropped out B.moved on
C.pulled over D.went off
答案 D
解析 drop out退出;move on继续;pull over靠边停车;go off离开。由下文“about 1,200 miles away from home”可知,Gabby Douglas到了一个离家
1 200英里的地方。空中的 went off与第41空前的leave是同义词复现。故选D项。
[真题体验4](2022浙江1月卷)
Eventually,Ms Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research 43 at Tel Aviv University in Israel...Ms Burdeyney began raising 46.money for the project with a friend,Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman.
43.A.course B.program
C.paper D.conference
答案 B
解析 由46空后的the project可知,此处指一个眼睛研究项目。故选B项。program与project是同义词复现。
(4)反义词复现——意思相反或对比性解释的词汇复现
反义词复现是指上下文中的某个句子与所填词所在的句子表达了相反的意思,在原句和复现句之间常有but,however,or,while等词进行连接,表达相反或相对的含义。
[真题体验5](2023新课标Ⅱ卷)
When I met Tiffy’s owners,they seemed very 47 .George,the husband, was trying to be calm,but I could tell this was 48.hard for him,having to leave his dog to a 49.stranger and trust that everything would 50.work out.
47.A.confused B.nervous
C.annoyed D.curious
答案 B
解析 confused困惑的;nervous紧张的;annoyed恼怒的;curious好奇的。由but可知,此处与空后的calm(平静的)构成反义关系,也就是要表示“紧张的,不安的”。
(5)同场词汇复现——意义相关的词汇复现
意义相关的词汇复现在同一语篇中,构成以某一话题为中心的词汇链,因其共同出现的倾向性,被称为“同场”词汇。比如:ears与hear/listen to;ill,pale, nurse,doctor和operation等。
[真题体验6](2022全国乙卷)
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 47.child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or
48 .We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. Surprisingly,children replied that they couldn’t.The same 50.thing happened when the adult covered her own mouth:51.Now children said that they couldn’t 52 to her.
48.A.feet B.nose
C.hands D.ears
答案 D
解析 根据下文“or hear the adult”可知,实验中,儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音,所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。此处ears与下文中的hear是同场词汇复现。
49.A.see B.help
C.reach D.fool
答案 A
解析 根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知,成年人遮住了自己的眼睛,所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。此处see与上文中的eyes是同场词汇复现。
52.A.speak B.listen
C.turn D.wave
答案 A
解析 根据语境,此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴,此时孩子们说他们不能和成年人说话了。此处speak与上文中的mouth是同场词汇复现。
课堂应用
Every mountain has a peak.Every valley has its 1 point.No one is up all the time,nor are they down all the time.Life has its 2 .Problems do
3 .However,they are all resolved in time.
You may not be able to control the times,but you can 4 your response.You can turn your pain into 5 or into appreciation.The choice is up to you.However tough your time is,you can 6 how you will react to it.
The positive solution to a problem is that you need courage to 7 it. When you control your reaction to the 8 uncontrollable problem of life, then in fact you do control the problem’s 9 on you.Your reaction to the problem is the last word!That’s the 10 .What will you let this problem do to you It can make you 11 or tough.It can make you bitter or better.It all depends on you.
In the final analysis,the reason why the tough people can 12 the hard times is that they’ve chosen to react positively to their problems.Tough times never last,but tough people do.Tough people 13 it out.History teaches us that no problem is 14 .Your problem will be solved and,as you know, storms always 15 the sun.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过比喻山峰和山谷,阐述了人生有起有落,但无论遇到什么问题,最终都会得到解决。鼓励读者积极面对困难,选择正确的应对方式,因为最终的结果是取决于个人的选择和反应。
1.A.high B.low
C.shallow D.deep
答案 B
解析 根据上文“Every mountain has a peak.”可知,山峰有顶点,山谷有低点,两句话形成前后对照,故选B项。
2.A.ups and downs B.twists and turns
C.odds and ends D.twos and threes
答案 A
解析 根据上文“No one is up all the time,nor are they down all the time.”可知,人们都会有起起伏伏的时候,故选A项。
3.A.end B.rise
C.raise D.interrupt
答案 B
解析 根据下文“However,they are all resolved in time.”可知,问题最终会解决,说明有问题会出现,故选B项。
4.A.release B.hide
C.hold D.value
答案 C
解析 根据上文“You may not be able to control the times”可知,人们无法控制时间,但是可以控制自己的反应,这里hold是control的近义词。
5.A.complaint B.spell
C.note D.memory
答案 A
解析 根据下文“or into appreciation”可知,控制反应包括将痛苦转化为某种东西,而抱怨是可能的转化方式之一,另外一种是感激。
6.A.identify B.attempt
C.choose D.consider
答案 C
解析 根据上文“The choice is up to you.”可知,决定权在人们自己手里,也就是人们可以自己选择如何面对。故选C项。
7.A.address B.assess
C.access D.aid
答案 A
解析 根据上文“The positive solution to a problem”可知,控制对不可控问题的反应意味着去面对它,address在这里是动词,意思是“解决”。
8.A.apparently B.obviously
C.abruptly D.seemingly
答案 D
解析 根据下文“then in fact you do control the problem’s on you”可知,问题看似不可控,但实际上可以通过控制反应来控制问题对你的影响。
9.A.cause B.process
C.impact D.result
答案 C
解析 根据上文“you control your reaction to the uncontrollable problem of life”可知,控制反应意味着控制问题带来的影响。
10.A.bottom line B.safety rule
C.comfort zone D.top secret
答案 A
解析 根据上文“Your reaction to the problem is the last word!”可知,对问题的反应是最终的决定性因素,bottom line和上文的last word是近义词。
11.A.clever B.intelligent
C.wild D.delicate
答案 D
解析 根据下文“or tough”可知,问题可以使人变差或变得更好,而脆弱是可能的结果之一。
12.A.save B.survive
C.benefit D.live
答案 B
解析 根据下文“the hard times”可知,坚强的人能够度过艰难时刻,也就是在困难的时刻存活下来。
13.A.put B.cut
C.stick D.stress
答案 C
解析 根据上文“Tough times never last,but tough people do.”可知,坚强的人能够生存艰难时刻,能够坚持下来,stick it out是固定搭配,意思是坚持,和上文的last逻辑一致。
14.A.temporary B.permanent
C.reliable D.constant
答案 B
解析 根据下文“Your problem will be solved...”可知,问题最终会被解决,说明问题不是永久的。
15.A.hold on to B.live up to
C.go back to D.give way to
答案 D
解析 根据下文“the sun”可知,暴风雨最终会结束,太阳会再次出现,也就是暴风雨会给太阳让位。
