(共81张PPT)
第1讲 提示词为动词
语法热点一 谓语动词
语法热点二 非谓语动词
目 录 索 引
01
02
语法热点三 动词的词性转换
03
专题概览
考情表解
年份 卷别 体裁 主题 考点设置 有提示词类 无提示词类 主题 语境 主题语境内容 动词 (谓语和非谓语) 词性 转换 名词的单复数/所有格 形容词/副词的比较/最高等级 代词/ 数词 三大从句和并列连词 冠 词 介 词 代
词
2025 全国 一卷 新闻 报道 人与 社会 围棋主题艺术展 3 3 0 0 0 2 1 1 0
全国 二卷 记叙文 人与 自然 美好的浙江乡村生活 3 2 1 0 1 2 0 1 0
年份 卷别 体裁 主题 考点设置 有提示词类 无提示词类 主题 语境 主题语境内容 动词(谓语和非谓语) 词性转换 名词的单复数/所有格 形容词/副词的比较/最高等级 代词/ 数词 三大从句和并列连词 冠词 介词 代词
2024 新课标 Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与 社会 英国“丝绸之路”花园的整体设计以及玻璃温室 2 4 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
新课标 Ⅱ卷 新闻 报道 人与 社会 当“莎士比亚”遇上“汤显祖” 5 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
全国 甲卷 说明文 人与 社会 美国国家公园系统的起源和黄石国家公园的建立 3 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 0
年份 卷别 体裁 主题 考点设置 有提示词类 无提示词类 主题 语境 主题语境内容 动词 (谓语和非谓语) 词性转换 名词的单复数/所有格 形容词/副词的比较/最高等级 代词/ 数词 三大从句和并列连词 冠词 介词 代词
2023 新课标 Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与 社会 小笼包 4 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
新课标 Ⅱ卷 记叙文 人与 社会 教熊猫饲养员学英语 2 3 1 0 0 2 1 1 0
全国 乙卷 说明文 人与 社会 北京的古老建筑和现代化发展 5 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
全国 甲卷 说明文 人与 社会 寓言 4 2 0 0 1 2 0 1 0
命题趋势
1.选材特点:体裁以说明文和记叙文为主,200词左右。选材多体现“中国元素”。
2.考查形式:设10个空,6~7个题是有提示词类(填括号内单词的正确形式),3~4个题是无提示词类(空白处填入1个适当的单词)。
3.考查项目:有提示词类填空的考查点有谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、代词等。无提示词类的考查点主要是介词、冠词与连词等。
板块一 有提示词类
动词是历年高考的必考点。动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语形式的变化(如时态、语态、主谓一致及虚拟语气)、非谓语形式的变化(如动词不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词)和词形转换。
语法热点一 谓语动词
谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词,主要包括实义动词和动词短语。一个简单句有且只能有一个谓语动词。若是由多个简单句组成的并列句或复合句,则有几个简单句就应有几个谓语动词。谓语动词的形式变化主要包括时态、语态和主谓一致。
技法1 如何判定是否作谓语动词
技法点拨
第一步 确定谓语动词
分析句子结构来判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句。若是简单句,主语后面的就是谓语动词;若是并列句,前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词;若是复合句,主句和从句都要有自己的谓语动词。
第二步 确定谓语动词的形式
1.根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态;
2.根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系确定语态;
3.根据主语的单复数确定谓语动词的数,做到主谓一致。
典型例题
(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)
Two years later,a six-meter-tall pavilion,60.inspired(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion,61. (build) at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
was built
解题流程
第一步 确定是否填谓语动词
该句为简单句,a six-meter-tall pavilion为主语,故该空应该为本句的谓语动词。
第二步 考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
1.根据Two years later可知本句时态为一般过去时;
2.build与主语a six-meter-tall pavilion之间是动宾关系,用被动语态;
3.主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
技法2 如何判定谓语动词的时态
技法点拨
1.识别时间状语
(1)一般现在时常有always,often,sometimes,usually,occasionally,every time, now and then等;
(2)一般过去时常有yesterday,last year,in 2021,the other day,two days ago,“一段时间+later”等;
(3)一般将来时常有tomorrow,next year,in a week,in the future,soon等;
(4)现在进行时常有now,at this moment,at present,always,constantly等;
(5)现在完成时常有recently,lately,already,in the last/past few days,so far,up to now,till now,“for+时间段”等;
(6)过去完成时常有by then,by the end of...,by that time等。
典型例题
1.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years,some supermarkets
(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions(份).
2.He and the other workers let people vote for their favourite fat bear on Meta.The one-day event (attract) just 1,700 votes in 2014.
3.The Taizhou outlet of Dayin Bookmall,a famous bookstore chain from Shanghai, (open) last year on the street in a traditional Chinese-style building with cutting-edge designs.
4.(2022全国甲卷)In the last five years,Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents,and in 2016,he reached the top of Kilimanjaro,Africa’s highest mountain.
have started
attracted
opened
has walked
技法点拨
2.依据固定句式
(1)Sb was/were doing sth when sb did...;
(2)Sb had (just) done sth when sb did...;
(3)This/That/It is the+序数词+time+that+现在完成时;
(4)This/That/It was the+序数词+time+that+过去完成时;
(5)祈使句+and/or+陈述句,陈述句用一般将来时;
(6)It’s (high) time that sb did/should do sth;
(7)It is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时。
典型例题
5.(2022新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams.He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
6.It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac,but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield,Illinois,
(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
7.It is high time that we (devote) ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.
8.Susan had quit her well-paid job and (work) as a volunteer in the neighbourhood when I visited her last year.
was fixing
has proved/has proven
devoted/should devote
was working
技法点拨
3.利用并列关系
(1)并列连词and,but,or,rather than,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等;
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词时态要一致。
典型例题
9.When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist,they smiled and (point) down the river.
pointed
技法点拨
4.理解语境暗示
在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下,可以通过正确理解语境,即通过题干中的“语境暗示”解题。
典型例题
10.(2024全国甲卷)They (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
were
解析
1.考查动词的时态。根据Over the last two years可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
2.考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语;根据时间状语in 2014可知,谓语动词应用过去式。故填attracted。
3.根据时间状语last year可知,此处为一般过去时。故填opened。
4.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据空前的时间状语In the last five years可知,此处要用现在完成时;主语Cao为第三人称单数,谓语动词应用单数形式。
5.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。固定句式be doing...when...意为“正在做……这时突然……”。根据下文的when he heard the screams可知,设空处用过去进行时;主语为Henry,谓语应用第三人称单数。故填was fixing。
6.考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,时间状语从句since it opened to the public暗示这里应用现在完成时。故填has proved/has proven。
7.在It is(high) time that...句型中,从句谓语动词应用did/should do。故填devoted/should devote。
8.考查动词的时态。根据空后的when引导的时间状语从句可知,此处应用过去进行时。
9.考查动词的时态。and连接两个并列谓语动词,前后时态应一致。
10.考查动词的时态。根据本句后面had spent得知,这里描述的是过去的情况,主语是They,谓语动词用复数形式,因此填were。
技法3 如何确定谓语动词的语态
技法点拨
1.分析主语和谓语的逻辑关系
分析句子结构,发现提示词作谓语,若与主语之间是主动关系,应考虑用主动语态;若是被动关系,则考虑用被动语态。
典型例题
1.(2024全国甲卷)What should ___________(do) with such a beautiful place
be done
技法点拨
2.牢记几种被动语态结构:
(1)不同时态的被动语态的结构
一般现在时:am/is/are done
一般过去时:was/were done
一般将来时:will/shall be done
过去将来时:would be done
现在进行时:am/is/are being done
过去进行时:was/were being done
现在完成时:have/has been done
过去完成时:had been done
(2)带有情态动词的被动语态的基本形式:情态动词+be done。
运用以上技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态,再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。
典型例题
2.(2024浙江1月卷)However,though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages,it would help even more if they could sometimes _____________(offer) in smaller packs.
3.(2023浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty,the center was the Forbidden City, surrounded in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes _______________(permit) to live closer to the center of the circles.
4.(2023全国甲卷)However,Carson’s theme is a more weighty warning about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still _____________(employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
be offered
were permitted
be employed
技法点拨
3.理解主动形式表示被动含义
当sell、read、draw、wash、write、open、wear、run、burn等动词后有状语(well、easily等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时,用主动形式表示被动含义。
典型例题
5.The pink dress she wants to buy her daughter as her birthday present online _____________(wash) easily.
6.—Do you like the flower
—Yes,it _____________(smell) very sweet.
washes
smells
解析
1.考查动词的语态。本句主语what和动词do之间是动宾关系,所以用被动语态be done。
2.考查动词的语态。动词offer意为“提供”,和主语构成被动关系,主语they指代前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
3.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上文的In the Ming Dynasty可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时;再根据句意“较高社会阶层的人被允许居住在离同心圆的中心即紫禁城更近的地方”可知,这里应用被动语态。故填were permitted。
4.考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知,设空处是谓语。主语a simple literary form和动词employ之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填be employed。
5.考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,且表示的是主语所具有的特征,应考虑用主动形式表示被动意义。故填washes。
6.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。由问句“Do you like the flower ”可知,用一般现在时,smell在此强调主语的前后“闻起来很甜”,故用主动形式表被动意义,主语为it,故用smells。
技法4 确定主谓一致三原则
解题“三原则”
原则1:语法一致
(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时,谓语动词用单数形式;
(2)非谓语动词、从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;
(3)集体名词看作整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;看作个体时,谓语动词用复数形式。
典型例题
1.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse
(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
2.(2025全国二卷)The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes
(be) one of them.
walks
is
解题“三原则”
原则2:就近一致
(1)由neither...nor...、either...or...、not only...but also...、not...but...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数要和位置最近的主语保持一致;
(2)由there、here存现句中,主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和邻近的主语保持一致。
典型例题
3.There five books,two pens and a ruler in the schoolbag.
4.At present neither my wife nor I myself _________(be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
are
am
解题“三原则”
原则3:就远一致
主语后跟有with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than、including、in addition to等引导的短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
典型例题
5.Four classical plays,including The Peony Pavilion, ____________________(update) and restored in the past few years.
6.The musician along with his band members _________________(give) ten performances in the last three months.
have been updated
has given
解析
1.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。填空处在句中作谓语。根据后面句子的谓语可知,此处用一般现在时。句子主语是the Silk Route Garden,是单数形式,所以谓语用第三人称单数。故填walks。
2.本句描述的是一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语The “sunshine scent” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数。故填is。
3.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。there be句型中谓语动词的单复数一般采用“就近一致”原则,即与后面的名词保持人称和数的一致,后面的中心词是five books,应用复数形式,描述一般事实用一般现在时。故填are。
4.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语At present可知,应用一般现在时;neither...nor...连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数由nor后面的主语(I)来决定,故填am。
5.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in the past few years可知,应用现在完成时;分析句子结构可知,句子主语Four classical plays 为复数名词,且和update之间为被动关系。故填have been updated。
6.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据in the last three months可知,应用现在完成时;A along with B作主语时,谓语动词的数由A决定。故填has given。
语法热点二 非谓语动词
非谓语动词指的是在句子中不能单独作谓语的动词,它没有人称和数的变化,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(含现在分词与过去分词)。非谓语动词具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。
技法1 如何确定是否作非谓语动词
技法点拨 典型例题
第一步:确定是否为非谓语
若句中已有谓语动词,又不是作并列谓语时,则要考虑填非谓语动词。
第二步:确定填何种非谓语形式
(1)提示词与逻辑主语是主谓关系时常用动词-ing形式;
(2)提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时常用动词-ed形式;
(3)提示词在句中作目的状语和意料之外的结果时常用动词不定式。
典型例题
(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
解题流程
第一步:提示词是动词,句中已有谓语动词open,所以此处应考虑填非谓语动词。
第二步:此处表示目的,用动词不定式。
to give
技法2 线索暗示法
技法点拨
线索词 具体用法
介词 介词后常接动名词作宾语,即“介词+doing”
并列连词 并列连词and, but, or等前后的非谓语动词应保持一致
典型例题
1.(2021全国甲卷)After (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
2.These days,it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders (begin) computer classes.
解析
1.考查非谓语动词。注意题干中的After,其后接动词作宾语。故填spending。
2.结合句中的线索词“or”可知,动词形式与or前面的to publish是并列关系,应用动词不定式。故填to begin。
spending
to begin
技法3 固定搭配法
技法点拨
项目 常见动词或结构
接动名词作宾语 enjoy,avoid,admit,mind,practise,keep,imagine,involve,suggest,
consider等
接不定式作宾语 tend,want,agree,plan,afford,desire,happen,hope,ask,manage,
determine,aim等
接动名词或不定式作宾语(意义不同) stop,remember,regret,need,try,mean等
项目 常见动词或结构
接现在分词作宾语补足语 imagine,see,hear,watch,keep等
接不定式作宾语补足语 ask,inspire,expect,force,allow,urge等
其他常用搭配 spend time (in) doing sth
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
take...to do sth
it is+adj.+to do sth
be to do sth
典型例题
1.(2024全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level,the national parks,in particular,tend _________(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
2.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility,said Edmondson,adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed _________(find) the connection between the two great writers.
3.(2024九省联考)He knows that computers are here _________(stay) and that they will not disappear.
to catch
to find
to stay
4.(2023全国乙卷)As a photographer,I have spent the last two years
___________(record) everything I discovered.
5.(2022浙江1月卷)That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%,and she plans _____________(continue) the practice.
6.(2021全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim _________(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
7.(2025全国一卷)“The exhibition brings together Go culture,cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu.“We hope (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context,and initiate dialogues with minimalist art,conceptual art and expressionism.”
recording
to continue
to have
to present
解析
1.考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth容易做某事。故填to catch。
2.考查非谓语动词。be amazed to do sth为固定搭配,意为“对做某事感到惊讶”。故填to find。
3.根据空前的be动词are可知,空格处应填不定式作表语,be to do为固定搭配,表示“必定会”,是对未来的一种推测。故填to stay。
4.考查非谓语动词。此处为spend some time (in) doing sth结构,故填recording。
5.考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth意为“计划做某事”,为固定搭配。
6.考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth旨在做某事,故填to have。
7.考查非谓语动词。hope to do sth意为“希望做某事”。
技法4 成分分析法
技法点拨
1.非谓语动词的“句法功能”
项目 句法功能
动名词 主语、宾语、表语、定语
现在分词 定语、表语、状语、补语
过去分词 定语、表语、状语、补语
动词不定式 主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语
2.非谓语动词的“意义区别”
功能 项目 意义和用法
主/宾/表语 动名词 抽象性、经常性动作;已知的事或经验
不定式 具体性、一次性动作;未完的事或目的
表语 现在分词 多表示主语的特征
过去分词 主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作
定语 动名词 被修饰词的作用或用途
现在分词 正在发生、主动的动作
过去分词 被动、完成的动作
动词 不定式 一般式表示未发生的或经常性的动作;完成式表示已发生的动作
功能 项目 意义和用法
状语 现在分词 与主语是主谓关系,一般式表示与谓语动作同时发生;完成式表示先于谓语动作发生
过去分词 与主语是动宾关系,先于谓语动作发生
动词不定式 主动式表示与主语是主谓关系;被动式表示与主语是动宾关系。一般式表示在谓语动作后发生;完成式表示在谓语动作前发生
补语 现在分词 主动、进行的动作
过去分词 被动、完成的动作
动词不定式 未来的或全过程的动作
典型例题
1.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days ___________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)___________(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said,“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
3.(2024浙江1月卷)However,if you’re shopping for one,buying extra ___________(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
to give
Recalling
to benefit
4.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years,some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ___________(design) with two halves containing separate portions(份).
5.(2023全国甲卷)Behind the simple style,however,is a serious message ___________(intend) for everyone.
6.(2023全国甲卷)For thousands of years,people have told fables(寓言) ___________(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures,and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the sixth century B.C.
7.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them,though,one steamer basket is rarely enough,yet two seems greedy,and so I am always left ___________(want) more next time.
designed
intended
to teach
wanting
8.(2022全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi’an,as a first step ___________(journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.
9.An old wooden stove,___________(bear) rich vivid images,took center stage at a village Spring Festival gala in Jiaxing,Zhejiang Province,in early February.
10.(2025全国二卷)Growing up,my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing,denying me the chance (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.
to journey
bearing
to discover
11.Every day,he walks back and forth the entire 5.7-kilometer stretch,from Jinshanling in the north to Gubeikou in the west ___________(ensure) no one wanders off the special path and into the undeveloped sections of Simatai.
12.“That’s true.The ‘Chinglish’ expression ‘add oil’ has made it into the world’s most authoritative Oxford English Dictionary(OED),” Professor Tseng said on his online personal blog,___________(provide) a screenshot of the OED’s explanation of the phrase.
to ensure
providing
13.___________(locate) downtown,the 1-kilometer-long Jiazhi ancient street is lined up with more than 30 old buildings.
14.In ancient China,the currency consisted mainly of precious metals,such as gold,silver and copper,so ___________(carry) a large quantity of cash was not only a heavy burden but could also put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way.
Located
carrying
解析
1.考查非谓语动词。本句中已出现了谓语动词open,因此应用give的非谓语动词形式。由句意可知,此处应填不定式作目的状语,故填to give。
2.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作状语,Edmondson和recall之间为主动关系,应用其现在分词形式作状语。故填Recalling。
3.考查非谓语动词。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知,此处是指多买来享受降价,所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
4.考查非谓语动词。动词design意为“设计”,和谓语之间没有连词,和逻辑主语构成被动关系,且动作已完成,所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
5.考查非谓语动词。be intended for是固定表达,意为“为……设计/安排等”。这里用过去分词作后置定语也可以看作一个形容词。
6.考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填to teach。
7.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为leave sb doing sth结构,表示“使某人做某事”。
8.考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,这里journey用作动词,应用动词不定式作后置定语。
9.考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,这里bear表示“带有”,用动词-ing形式作后置定语。
10.考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语used,此处应用非谓语动词,a/the chance to do sth 意为“做某事的机会”。
11.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词形式;再结合句意可知,此处表目的,应用动词不定式。
12.考查非谓语动词。这里逗号前面是句子的主体,后面的部分表示一种伴随情况或补充说明,由于provide和其逻辑主语Professor Tseng之间是主动关系,因此用动词-ing形式作状语。
13.考查非谓语动词。be located in/on...是固定表达,这里用过去分词置于句首作状语。
14.考查非谓语动词。携带大量的现金是经常性行为,故用动名词作主语。
语法热点三 动词的词性转换
如果所给动词既不作谓语,也不作非谓语,则一般应进行词性转换。
技巧点拨
1.动词转换为名词
(1)v.+-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词,表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration 庆祝
compete→competition 比赛
pollute→pollution 污染
educate→education 教育
possess→possession 拥有
(2)v.+-ment转换为名词,表示“行为或结果”
develop→development 发展
announce→announcement 宣布
argue→argument 争论;论据
encourage→encouragement 鼓励
(3)v.+-r/-er/-or转换为名词,表示“人”
perform→performer 表演者
settle→settler 移民
educate→educator 教育家
direct→director 导演
visit→visitor 访问者
(4)v.+-ure转换为名词
fail→failure mix→mixture
press→pressure depart→departure
(5)后缀-th结尾的名词
grow→growth die→death deep→depth
wide→width warm→warmth true→truth
(6)后缀-ance/-ence结尾的名词
exist→existence guide→guidance
(7)后缀-al结尾的名词
arrive→arrival approve→approval survive→survival
典型例题
1.(2024全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed(承诺) to promote the idea at the ____________(complete) of their journey.
2.(2024浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ____________(criticize) that they lead to waste.
3.(2024九省联考)He is happy with the _____________ (improve) he sees in his students’ writing and in his own writing.
4.(2023全国甲卷)However,Carson’s theme is a more weighty ____________(warn) about environmental destruction.
completion
criticism
improvement
warning
5.(2025全国一卷)“In a Go game,each move should serve a long-term goal.You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ (guide)’ till they lose,”explains Wang Wei,a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
6.In 2019,the Chinese government had made a (commit) to lift all of its 1.4 billion people out of poverty by 2020.
7.“We have tried to make something that restores the villagers’ pride in their local identity,as well as creating a local economic network,” says Xu Tiantian,
____________(found) of DnA.
8.“The Terracotta Warriors used a very special mechanism to connect pieces together.Such ____________(wise) was unique to China,” Lu Qiuxia,an expert on ancient Chinese art,told the Global Times on Wednesday.
guidance
commitment
founder
wisdom
技巧点拨
2.动词转换为形容词
(1)v.+-able转换为形容词
accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
afford→affordable 负担得起的
(2)v.+-ed/-ing转换为形容词
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
excite→exciting 令人激动的
(3)v.+-ive转换为形容词
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
(4)v.+-ful/-less转换为形容词
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
hope→hopeless 不抱希望的
典型例题
9.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings),those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers,encasing hot,___________(taste) soup and sweet,fresh meat,are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
10.Yang Zhenning,a ____________________(respect) Nobel Prize-winning physicist,became the first Chinese-American scientist to return to China after the US just lifted the ban on visiting to China in 1971.
11.With a history of more than 2,000 years,the Silk Route dates back to the Han Dynasty.Through this route,the Chinese highly ____________(qualify) silk made its fame to the western countries.
tasty
respected/respectable
qualified
解析
1.考查词性转换。句意:在他们的旅程结束时,他们都同意并发誓要宣传这个想法。at the completion of...是一个固定搭配,表示“在……结束时”。
2.考查词性转换。句意:许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动,因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知,此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。
3.考查词性转换。句意:他很高兴看到他的学生和他自己的书写都有了改善。根据空格前的冠词the可知,空格处应填名词作介词with的宾语,表示“改善”是improvement,为不可数名词。故填improvement。
4.考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,设空前有冠词和形容词修饰,设空处应用名词warning。
5.考查词性转换。此处作follow的宾语,用名词guidance,意为“引导”,为不可数名词。
6.考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,设空处为名词形式,不定冠词a表明用单数,故填commitment。
7.考查词性转换。此处表示DnA的“创立者”,应用名词founder。
8.考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用名词作主语,故填wisdom。
9.考查词性转换。设空处与前面的形容词hot并列,修饰后面的名词soup,故填形容词tasty。
10.考查词性转换。根据语境可知,设空处作定语修饰名词词组Nobel Prize-winning physicist,应用形容词作定语。故填respected/respectable。
11.考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作定语,修饰名词silk,highly qualified意为“高质量的”,故填qualified。
课堂应用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Evan is a wildlife photographer.Once,two tigers (run) past him, stopped a meter away from his truck and began to fight.
2.The Big Tidy Up was started in 2008 and volunteers in the UK ___________
(collect) more than 50,000 bags of litter in streets and parks up to now.
3. (prevent) crops from drying out,a large amount of water has been drawn down from the reservoir.
4.Parents these days seem to protect their children more than ever before.And yet the truth is that children must (give) the opportunity to take risks in order to aid their (develop).
ran
have collected
To prevent
be given
development
5.As much as artistic appreciation,physical fitness and recreation,calligraphy
(become) a part of life among many Chinese people. Therefore,another golden age of Chinese calligraphy is coming.
6. (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
7.Doupas often gets (lose) in the city’s splendid ancient architecture.
Meanwhile,he is also amazed by the modern city (combine) high-end businesses and various industries.
is becoming
Understanding
lost
combining
8.Many hiring managers will form their first impression of you (base) on what you’re wearing.The right interview clothing (depend) on the company you are applying for and the culture of the
(organize).
9.His skills were not as strong as he (imagine),and he had little awareness of teamwork.
10.Demonstrating creativity,such as the way to do a precise bicycle kick in the water,he became an online celebrity,with some fans even (say) that he was “better than professional players”.
based
depends
organization
had imagined
saying
Ⅱ.语篇填空
A
(2025全国二卷)
I was born and raised in Cleveland,Ohio in the United States.Yet now,I live in the countryside of Zhejiang,China with my Chinese husband and his family,1. bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains,chickens are always free-range,and 2. (center) heating doesn’t exist.
where
central
Nothing in my life before prepared me 3. this one—and to be sure,the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area.But it’s amazing how you can adapt 4. learn in a new environment.Over time,I’ve found 5. (I) feeling extremely at home here.And in the process,I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times.The “sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes
6. (be) one of them.
for
and
myself
is
Growing up,my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing,denying me the chance 7. (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live,thanks to the 8. (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky
9. (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt
10. (leave) to sun for a day,well,you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
to discover
absence
afternoons
left
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从美国移居中国浙江农村生活的经历与感受。
1.where 考查定语从句。所填的词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是the countryside of Zhejiang,China,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
2.central 考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词heating,应用形容词形式,故填central,意为“中央的,中心的”。
3.for 考查介词。prepare sb.for...意为“使某人为……做好准备”,是固定搭配。
4.and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知,adapt和learn是并列关系,在句中作并列谓语,应用连词and连接。
5.myself 考查反身代词。所填的词指代主语I,表示“我自己”,应用反身代词myself,构成“find oneself doing sth.”固定结构。
6.is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句描述的是一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数,故填is。
7.to discover 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语used,此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰chance。the chance to do sth.意为“做某事的机会”,故填to discover。
8.absence 考查名词。所填的词作thanks to的宾语,应用名词形式,故填absence,意为“缺乏,没有”,该词是不可数名词。
9.afternoons 考查名词的数。afternoon意为“下午”,是可数名词,根据plenty of可知,此处应用复数形式afternoons。
10.left 考查非谓语动词。该从句已有谓语have experienced,所以此处应用非谓语动词。a sheet or shirt和leave(使处于某种状态)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语,故填left。
B
The Internet is one of the 1. (great) creations and provides people with instant access 2. an endless supply of knowledge and entertainment.Using a search engine,you can ask almost any question
3. may confuse you,and find a web page with information about that question.There are also millions of videos on websites or social media,4. (explain) various topics.
In the past,it would take days and sometimes even months
5. (receive) a letter from someone else.Today,with the Internet,you can send an e-mail to anyone in the world and often have it
6. (deliver) in less than a minute.
greatest
to
that
explaining
to receive
delivered
However,the Internet is not without its 7. (disadvantage). Playing games on the Internet can become very addictive,which leads to much time being wasted.And constant connectivity means some people
8. (expect) to be available to work at any time of the day,even if they previously refused to.
Despite the drawbacks,the Internet has 9. (undoubted) changed the way we live,work and communicate,and it’s here to stay.It’s up to us to use it wisely and make 10. most of its benefits while minimizing its negative effects.
disadvantages
are expected
undoubtedly
the
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。互联网是最伟大的创造之一,它为人们提供了获取无穷无尽的知识和娱乐的即时途径,本文分析了互联网的利弊。
1.greatest 考查形容词的最高级。根据上文定冠词以及句意“最伟大的”可知应填形容词的最高级。故填greatest。
2.to 考查介词。短语access to表示“获取”。故填to。
3.that 考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词question,且先行词被any修饰时只能用that。故填that。
4.explaining 考查非谓语动词。explain与videos构成主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故填explaining。
5.to receive 考查非谓语动词。it takes/took some time to do sth,表示“做某事花费多少时间”。故填to receive。
6.delivered 考查非谓语动词。此处deliver与it构成被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填delivered。
7.disadvantages 考查名词的数。根据后文可知缺点不止一个,应用复数形式。故填disadvantages。
8.are expected 考查动词的时态和语态。此处为短语be expected to do sth表示“被期望做某事”,根据means可知为一般现在时,主语为some people,谓语用复数。故填are expected。
9.undoubtedly 考查副词。修饰动词changed应用副词undoubtedly,故填undoubtedly。
10.the 考查冠词。make the most of“充分利用”。故填the。(共27张PPT)
第3讲 冠词、代词和介词
技法1 如何确定填冠词
技法点拨
第一步:确定是否填冠词
首先,分析句子结构,看空后是否有名词。
第二步:判断是特指还是泛指
(1)若设空后有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑不定冠词a/an;
(2)若设空后有名词,搭配后表示特指时,应考虑定冠词the;
(3)看是不是固定搭配。
典型例题
1.(2023浙江1月卷)In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City,the Summer Palace,and the Temple of Heaven,the hutongs reflect ____________ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
2.(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with _____ touch of sweetness, and the soup hot,clear and delicious.
3.(2025全国一卷)Go is one of earliest binary-based(基于二元的) games.
the
a
the
解析
1.考查冠词。分析句子结构可知,设空后为名词culture,有限定词of grassroots Beijingers,应用冠词修饰表特指。
2.考查冠词。a touch of意为“少许,微量”,是固定搭配。
3.考查冠词。形容词最高级前用定冠词。故填the。
[名师点津] 冠词的用法
泛指 不定冠词 a/an用在首次提到的或没有限定的单数可数名词前表示泛指
特指 1.特指上文提到的人或物,用定冠词the
2.特指被限制性修饰语加以限定的人或物,用定冠词the
3.特指表示双方所默认的特定的人或物,用定冠词the
类指 1.不定冠词a/an用于表示事物的可数名词前表示“一类人或物”,如a horse,a virus
2.定冠词用于形容词前表示“一类人或物”,如the rich,the poor等
特殊手法 1.以元音字母开头的单词前用a的特殊词:
university,uniform,European,unit,useful,usual,unique等
2.以辅音字母开头的单词前用an的特殊词:hour,honour,honest等
3.固定搭配中的冠词:in the charge of,as a result等
4.a/an加序数词表示“另一,又一”,如 a second chance意为“再一次机会”
技法2 如何确定填代词
语篇填空考查代词有两种考查方式:有提示词类和无提示词类。人称代词及物主代词多以有提示词的形式出现,已经在前面讲到。无提示词类主要考查it的用法。
技法点拨
发现句子缺少形式主语或形式宾语时,应考虑it。
典型例题
Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out.
解析
考查代词。分析句子结构可知,it为形式主语,to eat out为真正的主语。
it
[名师点津] it的用法
(1)指代天气、时间、距离等;
(2)代替上文提到过的事物;
(3)可作形式主语或形式宾语;
(4)it常用的固定句型:
①It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分.
正是……某事(物)/某人才……
②It+be+adj.+of/for sb to do sth.
对某人来说做某事是……的。
③It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
做某事不好/没用/浪费时间。
④sb hates/likes/enjoys it that...
某人讨厌/喜欢……
⑤when it comes to...当谈到……
⑥as sb puts it 正如某人所言
⑦make it成功
技法3 如何确定填介词
技法点拨
第一步:确定是否填介词
首先,分析句子结构,发现名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般填介词。
第二步:根据句意及固定搭配确定答案
分析句子结构,发现设空处在名词前后时,应考虑名词与介词的搭配;分析句子结构,发现设空处在不及物动词后名词前时,应考虑动词与介词的搭配;分析句子结构,发现设空处在形容词后名词前时,应考虑形容词与介词的搭配。
典型例题
1.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways __________ Romeo and Juliet.
2.(2025全国一卷)A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态) of respect for the other side.
3.(2025全国二卷)Nothing in my life before prepared me this one—and to be sure,the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area.
to
by
for
解析
1.考查介词。此处考查固定短语be similar to,表示“与……相似”。故填to。
2.考查介词。“by+具体数值”表示“以(某一差值)”,此处指“以一到两分的优势”。
3.考查介词。prepare sb for...意为“使某人为……做好准备”,为固定搭配。
[名师点津] 常用的介词(短语):
(1)方位介词:at,in,on,to,above,across,along,among,around,below,beside, between,down,near,off,over,through,towards,under,up等。
(2)时间介词:after,at,before,by,during,for,from,in,on,over,since,through,till, until,within,between等。
(3)表示工具、手段、方式的介词:by,on,over,with,in等。
(4)表示原因的介词:with,for,from,of,over等。
(5)表示支持、反对的介词:for,against等。
(6)表示“除……之外”的介词:besides,except,except for,but,apart from等。
(7)表示有或没有的介词:with,without等。
(8)其他常用的介词:like,unlike,next,opposite,considering,including, regarding,concerning等。
(9)常用的介词短语:according to,because of,instead of,up to,due to,owing to, thanks to,but for等。
课堂应用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.As it is purely and fairly clear and rich in color,there goes the saying that no water is worth your attention after your visit Jiuzhaigou.
2.Zhou has been offered opportunities to go abroad and exchange experience
peers overseas.
3.It has won the love of the majority of people in China and been regarded
one of the best matches for rice.
4.Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
to
with
as
it
5.Chen says,“I feel our responsibility to communicate about the charm of the primitive inscription with the younger generations and foreigners.”
6.People won’t pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying expression.
7.When the rover finally approached the object,it turned out to be __________
rabbit-shaped rock.
8. was a custom for people to hang peach wood charms to drive away evil spirits during the Spring Festival.
9.One day,when we look up at the sky,we may find that many satellites in
vast universe are looking back at us.
10.A living tree is thus important storage site for carbon which might otherwise be added to the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
it
for
a
It
the
an
Ⅱ.语篇填空
A
The centuries-old traditional Chinese medicine scraping(刮) massage, guasha,has become a fashion among young people on the mainland who show off the bruises(淤青) it creates.
On the youth lifestyle social media platform,a young woman using the account name @hua posted pictures of herself wearing a T-shirt,in which she showed her bruises 1. described them as “cool”.She is one of many who regard guasha as an efficient way to ease muscle pains and
2. (tired).
and
tiredness
Many shared 3. (they) guasha experiences and tips,such as using homemade scraping tools and different meridians(经脉) on the body to relax.
4. (translate) from jing mai in Chinese,the meridians refer to paths through which the life energy 5. (flow) in the body and to organs.
The practice,also known as scraping and coining,is 6. form of traditional Chinese massage(按摩) that uses a small and flat tool to scrape the surface of skin along the meridians,7. (leave) red bruising as a sign of released toxins.
their
Translated
flows
a
leaving
The folk treatment 8. originated in ancient China has enjoyed huge popularity among the older generation.The treatment is used for 9. (condition) considered not serious enough to go to hospital, according to an article in the magazine Sanlian Life Lab.
Some describe guasha as “the Chinese way to cure the stress from the workplace” saying the pain and tears a session brings are
10. (pleasurable) than parties or a weekend at the seaside.
that/which
conditions
more pleasurable
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的传统中医刮痧被越来越多的年轻人所接受。
1.and 考查连词。此处连接 showed和described 这两个动词应用连词and。故填and。
2.tiredness 考查词性转换。根据pains and可知,此处应该用名词形式。故填tiredness。
3.their 考查代词。修饰下文experiences and tips应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
4.Translated 考查非谓语动词。此处translate与the meridians为被动关系,用过去分词形式作状语。首字母大写。故填Translated。
5.flows 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语energy为不可数名词,且这句话陈述的是一般事实,故此处的谓语动词应该用第三人称单数的形式。故填flows。
6.a 考查冠词。form是可数名词,表示泛指,且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
7.leaving 考查非谓语动词。设空处与上文构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填leaving。
8.that/which 考查定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词treatment,关系词在从句作主语,指物。故填that/which。
9.conditions 考查名词的数。condition此处意为“疾病”,是可数名词,此处数量大于一,应用复数形式。故填conditions。
10.more pleasurable 考查形容词的比较级。根据后面than的提示可知,这里应该用pleasurable的比较级,在前面加more。故填more pleasurable。
B
Located within Huzhou,Zhejiang Province,Xiaoxi Street stands as a historical and cultural protection block.It gracefully preserves its rich heritage 1. embracing the essence of modernity perfectly.
With 2. (impress) buildings dating back to the late Qing Dynasty,this historic place,situated alongside the Caodu River,once
3. (serve) as a junction place for ancient canal transportation. The river,acting as a vital channel linking the mountainous regions of Jiangsu, Zhejiang,and Anhui Provinces 4. Huzhou city,played a significant role in the prosperity of this greatly respected block.
while
impressive
served
to/with
Throughout history,Xiaoxi Street attracted honored families,rich merchants,and government officials,resulting in the 5. (create) of masses of architectural wonders that have stood the test of time.
creation
Among these treasures,the residence(豪宅) of Niu Fubao,6.___________
unusual Qing Dynasty official,stands as a noticeable highlight.Constructed by a merchant from Huizhou,the complex,7. (display) distinctive Huizhou-style architecture,was later acquired by the Niu family. Remarkably,the complex boasts delicate stone carvings on 8. (it) doors and a rare high-level beam structure,carefully 9. (preserve) to this day.Since 2013,the local government has undertaken a comprehensive project aimed at protecting this historic block.Meanwhile,modern cultural industries,including galleries,pottery-making workshops and public libraries, 10. (integrate) to breathe youthful vitality into the area,transforming the block into a center of cultural and creative industries.
an
displaying
its
preserved
have been integrated
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要向我们介绍了浙江省湖州市境内的小西街的风景、建筑,以及小西街历史和文化意义。
1.while 考查连词。句子的主干部分是“It gracefully preserves its rich heritage”,而“embracing the essence of modernity perfectly”为从句部分,故此处应填入连词,由句意可知,设空处引导的是一个时间状语从句(从句省略了主语和be动词),故填while。
2.impressive 考查词性转换。由空后的名词buildings可知,此处应用形容词作定语,故填impressive。
3.served 考查动词时态。这句话的主语是“this historic place”,谓语是“serve”,由空前的once(曾经)可以推断出此处要用一般过去时。故填served。
4.to/with 考查固定短语。link sth with/to sth “把……和……连接起来”。故填to/with。
5.creation 考查词形转换。根据空前的the可知,此处应填名词作宾语。故填creation。
6.an 考查冠词。根据空后的名词official可知,此处应填冠词。又由空前的Niu Fubao这个人名可知,此处应泛指“一位官员”,用不定冠词,空后的“unusual”的发音是以元音音素开头,故填an。
7.displaying 考查非谓语动词。这句话的主语是the complex,谓语是was acquired,设空处是非谓语,和主语之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故填displaying。
8.its 考查代词。根据空后的doors可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填its。
9.preserved 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,这句话的主语是the complex,谓语是boasts,设空处是非谓语动词,和主语之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。故填preserved。
10.have been integrated 考查动词的时态和语态。根据句意可知,画廊、陶艺作坊、公共图书馆等现代文化产业已经整合,此处应用现在完成时, integrate和主语modern cultural industries是被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态,谓语动词用复数。故填have been integrated。(共29张PPT)
第4讲 并列连词和三大从句
技法1 如何确定填并列连词还是从句引导词
技巧点拨
第一步:如何确定并列连词
如果两个单词、短语、句子相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系时,填并列连词。
第二步:如何确定引导词
如果设空处引导从句,则首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句,然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。
典型例题
(2023浙江1月卷)During China’s dynastic period,emperors planned the city of Beijing arranged the residential areas according to social classes.
and
解题流程
第一步:如何确定并列连词。
分析句子结构可知,planned the city of Beijing 和arranged the residential areas是并列关系。
第二步:如何确定填哪种并列连词。
此处意为“帝王规划了北京城并按照社会阶级安排了人们的居住区域”,空格前后表示并列关系,应用并列连词。
技法2 如何确定并列连词
技巧点拨
并列连词——关系分析法确定
项目 常用词
并列关系 and/as well as;both...and...;not only...but also...等
选择关系 or/otherwise;either...or;neither...nor;not...but...
转折关系 but/yet
因果关系 for, so
对比关系 while
典型例题
1.(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)Recalling watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said,“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
2.(2024浙江1月卷)Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home
you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
and
or
解析
1.考查连词。分析句子结构可知,空处连接两个并列成分“hear the Chinese language”和“see how Tang’s play was being performed”。故填and。
2.考查固定搭配。句意:到时候要么你买的东西太重,搬不回家,要么你买的东西还新鲜,就不能用了。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”,为固定搭配,所以此处应用连词or。故填or。
技法3 如何确定定语从句的关系词
技巧点拨
关系代词 ①作主语、宾语或表语:(指人)that,who,whom;
(指物) that,which;
(指代整个句子)which,as
②作定语:whose
(注意:非限制性定语从句中先行词指物时常用which;先行词含不定代词或被不定代词修饰时常用that)
关系副词 作状语:(指时间)when,(指地点)where,(指原因)why
介词+关系代词:先行词指人时用whom,指物时用which
典型例题
1.(2025全国一卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go,or weiqi in Chinese, originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
2.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
which
that/which
3.(2025全国二卷)I was born and raised in Cleveland,Ohio in the United States.Yet now,I live in the countryside of Zhejiang,China with my Chinese husband and his family, bamboo and tea bushes(灌木) grow wild in the mountains,chickens are always free-range,and central heating doesn’t exist.
where
解析
1.考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词为Go,or weiqi in Chinese,指物,且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语。
2.考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知, brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to...England是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Silk Route。空处在定语从句中作主语,故填关系代词that/which。
3.考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang,China,关系词在从句中作地点状语。
技法4 如何确定名词性从句的连接词
技巧点拨
连接代词 what,which,who,whom,whose等,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词 when,where,why,how,在从句中作状语
从属连词 that(不作成分,无词义); if/whether(不作成分,意为“是否”)
典型例题
1.(2024全国甲卷)On a cool,starry night in mid-September 1870,four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____________ is now northwestern Wyoming.
2.(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists.This is ___________ they need an English trainer.
3.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”.___________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
what
why
What
解析
1.考查宾语从句。根据句子结构,介词in后面跟了一个宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,指代地点,所以填入连接代词“what”。
2.考查表语从句。根据句意“他们还需要随时准备好接受国际记者的英文采访。这就是他们需要一个英语培训师的原因”可知,此处考查固定句型“This is why...”,故填why。
3.考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,“ is so breathtaking about the experience ”是主语从句,空处在从句中作主语,表示“……的东西或事”,且位于句首,故填What。
技法5 如何确定状语从句的连接词
技巧点拨
表时间 after,before,when,while,as,since,till/until
表地点 where,wherever,everywhere
表原因 because,as,since
表目的 so that,in order that,in case,for fear that
表结果 so that,so ... that,such ... that
表方式 as,like,as if,as though,the way
表让步 though,although,even if/though,as,while,whatever
表条件 if,unless,as/so long as,in case
表比较 as ... as,not the same as,not so ... as,than
典型例题
1.____________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist,they smiled and pointed down the river.
2.However,____________ the conditions didn’t meet the food safety standards for the tofu to be sold in supermarkets,they struggled to make a living.
3.The carving of fine details was completed ____________ the arms were attached.
4.Dad,you are only one step away from fulfilling your dream.You must hold on to it,no matter ____________ awaits you.
5.I feel I’m missing something ____________ I don’t eat yuanxiao during the Lantern Festival.
When/As
as/because
before
what
if
解析
1.考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导时间状语从句,在句中表示“当……时”,故填When/As 。
2.考查状语从句。设空处引导原因状语从句,表示“由于”,故填as/because。
3.考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导状语从句,此处表示“在手臂连接之前”,故填before。
4.考查状语从句。根据语境和no matter可知,此处引导让步状语从句,no matter what意为“无论什么……”,连接代词what在从句中作主语,指代事物。
5.考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”,应用if。
课堂应用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.In 2013,China launched the Belt and Road Initiative at the same time presented the vision of a community with a shared future for human beings as China’s view of an alternative world order.
2.Wang Xiaoqing,born in the 1990s,found that in the US,Chinese bamboo products were popular among customers, many of them carried foreign brands,despite China being the “kingdom of bamboos”.
3.Moreover,for those who love hiking,jogging or cycling,the Thousand Islands Lake in Chun’an County is an ideal destination it boasts 1,078 islands,winding roads and charming villages.
and
but
as/because/since/for
4.He has found that ants live underground for a long time,they can still find out if other ants belong to the same nest.
5.Traditional Chinese aesthetic(美学的) concepts are reflected in the drum playing,all of represent distinctive local features.
6.Many of the barrier-free facilities in the bookstore were included following suggestions by Han Ying,honorary store manager, lost her vision due to illness.
7.Paris 2024 organizers are expecting crowds of 600,000 people for ________
they call the largest-ever Olympic ceremony—ten times more than could attend in the Stade de France.
though/although/while
which
who
what
8.Currently,more and more young people wear the adjusted hanfu with the belief the best way to preserve tradition is to adapt it to modern life.
9.Starting recycling projects in the home or community and picking up trash in the neighborhood are also can make a difference.
10.Ai Kanxiang is about to finish his first semester at college, he is working hard to make his dream come true.
that
what
where
Ⅱ.语篇填空
A
Ai Jing’s exhibition All The World Is Green opened on Tuesday,at the Helen J Gallery in Los Angeles.This 1. (mark) the debut solo (首次个人) exhibition in Los Angeles for the 2. (high) recognized multitalented artist,musician,writer,and actress.
The exhibition showcased 3. diverse range of artworks, including paintings,videos,and installations (现代雕塑装置),
4. (demonstrate) Ai’s artistic skills on and unique approaches to life,nature,and emotions.
marked
highly
a
demonstrating
At the heart of the exhibition,Girl on a Swing 5. (surround) by block-color paintings and a recreated grassy area,reflecting the artist’s inner world with colors of golden cornfields,shining sun,and expansive greenery spreading out.
In her younger years,Ai longed to leave home,6. now she finds herself seeking a sense 7. belonging.This emotion pushed Ai’s exploration into painting,video,and installation art.
was surrounded
but
of
During the early stages of her career,she sang:“At 17,I left my hometown of Shenyang/For it seemed my dreams lay elsewhere.” It wasn’t until she gained international 8. (recognize) and spent years abroad that Ai began to feel a longing for home.“Childhood 9. (memory) leave deep impressions on one’s growth,” reflected Ai.
Running until April 16,the exhibition offered enough time for audiences 10. (explore) and appreciate Ai’s artistic vision.
recognition
memories
to explore
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文一篇说明文。文章介绍了艾敬在纽约的个人艺术展览及其相关经历。
1.marked 考查动词时态。空格处作谓语,根据上文时态可知,句子是描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填marked。
2.highly 考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词recognized,应用副词形式。故填highly。
3.a 考查冠词。a range of为固定搭配,意为“一系列的”,diverse发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
4.demonstrating 考查非谓语动词。showcased为谓语,设空处应填非谓语动词作状语,主语The exhibition和动词demonstrate为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词形式。故填demonstrating。
5.was surrounded 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处作谓语,主语Girl on a Swing为第三人称单数,且根据句意为一般过去时,主语和动词surround之间为被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was surrounded。
6.but 考查连词。前后句为转折关系,故填but。
7.of 考查介词。a sense of为固定搭配,意为“一种……的感觉”。故填of。
8.recognition 考查词性转换。根据空格前的形容词international可知,设空处应填名词作宾语,故填recognition。
9.memories 考查名词的数。空格处作主语,根据谓语动词leave可知,应为名词的复数形式。故填memories。
10.to explore 考查非谓语动词。offer sth for sb to do sth为固定搭配,意为“提供某物给某人做某事”。
B
As night falls,the sound of drums fills the air as an 8-meter fish-shaped lantern,followed by a procession of 1. (small) ones,moves through the streets of Wangmantian village,Huangshan,in East China’s Anhui Province.The mountain village,once mainly 2. (consist) of wooden structures,faced the risk of frequent fires in old times.Therefore, villagers used to gather to parade with fish-shaped lanterns signifying “water overcoming fire”.
smaller
consisting
Over time,such a tradition has developed into 3. means for local people to gather together to wish one another good health and fortune.4. a history of over 600 years,the fish-shaped lantern
5. (recognize) as a provincial-level intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage in 2022.As this traditional intangible heritage has gained
6. (popular) through social media in recent years,more than 100,000 visitors from across the country came to Shexian County
7. (experience) the parades during this year’s Spring Festival from Feb 10 to Feb 17.
a
With
was recognized
popularity
to experience
Villagers in Wangmantian have designed tiny versions of traditional fish-shaped lanterns 8. are warmly received in the market.They have established professional fish lantern performance teams.These teams have been to 9. (city) such as Shanghai,Nanjing for artistic exchanges and performances.As fish-shaped lanterns continue to benefit local tourism and 10. (relate) industries,the future looks brighter than ever.
that/which
cities
related
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了省级非物质文化遗产“鱼形灯笼”的历史以及促进了本地旅游业的发展。
1.smaller 考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知,用形容词比较级作定语,修饰代词ones。故填smaller。
2.consisting 考查非谓语动词。设空处为非谓语动词,consist of无被动,用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填consisting。
3.a 考查冠词。泛指“一种方式”,且means发音以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词修饰。故填a。
4.With 考查介词。“有……历史”为短语“with a history of ”,句首首字母大写。故填With。
5.was recognized 考查动词的时态和语态。根据in 2022可知,本句为一般过去时,主语the fish-shaped lantern与谓语动词recognize为被动关系,故填was recognized。
6.popularity 考查词性转换。gain后接名词作宾语。故填popularity。
7.to experience 考查非谓语动词。设空处作目的状语用不定式。故填to experience。
8.that/which 考查定语从句。先行词为tiny versions of traditional fish-shaped lanterns,指物,关系词替代先行词作定语从句的主语,关系代词为that/which。故填that/which。
9.cities 考查名词的数。根据下文“Shanghai,Nanjing”可知,用复数cities作宾语。故填cities。
10.related 考查形容词。设空处作定语,修饰名词industries,用形容词,故填related。(共34张PPT)
第2讲 提示词为名词、代词、数词和形容词
类型1 提示词为名词
技法点拨
空前有these,several,many,various等表示复数含义的修饰词,或空处作主语,谓语动词是动词原形或复数形式 名词变复数
空处与所修饰的名词之间构成所属关系 名词用所有格形式
空处在句中作表语,或作定语修饰名词 名词转换成形容词
空处在句中作谓语 名词转换成动词
典型例题
1.(2024九省联考)Now,most people reach for ____________(keyboard) faster than they pick up pens.
2.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest ①____________(engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ②____________(function) structure that is also beautiful.
3.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western ____________(favourite) such as rosemary,lavender and fennel.
keyboards
engineering
functional
favourites
4.(2024全国甲卷)They are ____________(treasure) of American heritage(遗产).
5.(2023全国甲卷)____________(difference) from traditional fables,Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
6.(2025全国一卷)Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces,the beauty in the (strategy) placement of the pieces,and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures,digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
treasures
Different
strategic(al)
解析
1.考查名词的数。句意:现在,大多数人拿起键盘的速度比拿起笔的速度还快。根据空格前的介词for可知,空格处应填名词作宾语,keyboard为可数名词,前面没有冠词应用名词的复数形式。故填keyboards。
2.①考查名词。engineer作名词,意思是“工程师”;作动词,意思是“设计,建造”。engineering是名词,意思是“工程;工程学”。此处用名词修饰名词,engineering techniques意思是“工程技术”。故填engineering。
②考查形容词。此处用形容词修饰后面的名词structure,function作名词,意思是“功能,作用”。functional意思是“功能的,职能的,实用的”。functional structure“功能建筑物”。故填functional。
3.考查名词复数。favourite作形容词,意思是“最喜欢的”,作名词,意思是“最喜爱的人或物”。空前有形容词modern Western修饰,且填空处作included的宾语,所以此处考查favourite作名词的用法。such as后面列举的多个事物,所以最喜爱的东西不止一个,用favourite的复数形式。故填favourites。
4.考查名词复数。treasure作为“瑰宝”讲是可数名词,结合句意和上下文,这里指的是国家公园作为美国遗产的一部分,应使用复数形式treasures。句意:它们是美国遗产的瑰宝。
5.考查形容词。be different from意为“与……不同”,是固定短语,此处作状语,故填Different。
6.考查形容词。此处修饰名词placement,需用形容词作定语。
[名师点津]
1.名词转换为形容词的后缀
(1)n.+-able
honor→honorable 可敬的
(2)n.+-al
nature→natural 自然的;天生的
music→musical 音乐的;悦耳的
(3)n.+-ful
colour→colourful 颜色鲜艳的
meaning→meaningful 有意义的
(4)n.+-en:wood→wooden木质的
(5)n.+-y:wealth→wealthy富有的
2.名词变复数的规则
变化规则 典型例词
规则变化 一般在词尾加-s;如果是以ch,sh,s,x等结尾的单词,则加-es。 trees,bikes,books,buses,
watches,boxes,bushes,
months
辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i再加-es;元音字母+y结尾的单词,则直接加-s。 babies,families,boys,plays
以o结尾的单词除了一人(hero)、两菜(tomato,potato)加-es外,其余一般加-s。 radios,photos
以f或fe结尾的单词,通常把f,fe变为v再加-es。 wives,knives,wolves
变化规则 典型例词
特殊变化 man→men,woman→women;tooth→teeth,foot→feet;
child→children;mouse→mice
单复数同形 Chinese,Japanese,species,sheep,deer,fish
[注意] 1.除了上表中的情况以外,还有一些特殊变化的名词,如:German→Germans;human→humans;stomach→stomachs;chief→chiefs;
belief→beliefs等。
2.两个名词组成的合成词一般只变后一个名词为复数,如 apple trees,factory workers等;但是和man,woman组成的合成词两个词都要变复数,如women teachers,men doctors等。
3.名词的所有格
(1)单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加’s;
(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,通常在词尾加’。
类型2 提示词为代词
技巧点拨
提示词为代词,当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时,一般填代词;确定填代词之后,再看设空处所填代词是否与前文提到的人或物有指代关系。
(1)分析句子结构,发现提示词作主语时,应考虑人称代词主格(I,we,you,he等)形式。
(2)分析句子结构,发现提示词作宾语时,应考虑人称代词宾格(me,us,him等)形式。
(3)分析句子结构,发现提示词作定语时,应考虑形容词性物主代词(our,my,your等)。
(4)分析句子结构,发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语,且和主语是同一人时,应考虑反身代词(myself,yourself,itself等)。
典型例题
1.(2024九省联考)However,he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus,to write faster,and they can feel proud of ____________(they).
2.(2024全国甲卷)This area,with ____________(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty,must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
3.(2025全国二卷)But it’s amazing how you can adapt and learn in a new environment.Over time,I’ve found (I) feeling extremely at home here.
themselves
its
myself
解析
1.考查代词。句意:然而,他认为,用钢笔练习可以帮助学生集中注意力,写得更快,他们可以为自己感到自豪。根据空格前的介词of可知,空格处应填代词作宾语,根据句意“他们自己”应用themselves。故填themselves。
2.考查代词。这里应用形容词性物主代词“its”作定语,修饰后面的名词beauty。句意:这个地方,以其独特而令人惊叹的自然美景,必须被很好保护供全国人民欣赏。
3.考查代词。本空指代主语I,表示“我自己”,应用反身代词。
类型3 提示词为数词
技巧点拨
提示词常为基数词,但是在句中常常考查序数词形式,一般需要在该词后面加后缀-th。易错的序数词有:first第一,second第二,third第三,fourth第四, fifth第五,eighth第八,ninth第九,eleventh第十一,twelfth第十二等。
典型例题
(2023全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the (six) century,B.C.
解析
考查序数词。句意:寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
sixth
类型4 提示词为形容词
技巧点拨
空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句 形容词变为副词
确定变比较级或最高级时,可利用以下3点判断: ①等级判定看标志;②利用固定句型;③利用隐含信息判断 变比较级或最高级
①被冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词修饰时,要考虑名词; ②作介词或及物动词的宾语时要考虑名词 形容词变为名词
根据句意和前后逻辑关系,确定句意表否定时,添加否定前缀(un-,im-,dis-等)或否定后缀(-less)变为反义词 加词缀变反义词
典型例题
1.(2025全国一卷)Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces,the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces,and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings,sculptures,
(digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
2.(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ____________(rich) of gardening in England.
digitally
richness
3.(2025全国二卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air.
absence
解析
1.考查副词。此处修饰非谓语动词generated,需用副词作状语。
2.考查名词。根据空前面的much of the以及空后面的of可知此处需要名词,且是不可数名词。rich的名词是richness,意思是“丰富”。
3.考查名词。本空作thanks to的宾语,应用名词。
[名师点津]
形容词变成副词、比较级、最高级或名词
项目 变化方法
变成副词 1.一般在形容词后直接加-ly;
2.以“y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ly;
3.以e结尾时,若e前为元音字母,则要先去e再加-ly,如true→truly;若e前为辅音字母,直接加-ly,如:politely,widely等
比较级 一般在词尾加-er;以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写这一辅音字母再加-er;以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,把y变i再加-er;多音节词在其前加more
最高级 一般在词尾加-est;双音节词在其前加most;特殊词有特殊变化
(如:best,worst等)
变成名词 添加后缀,如:-y,-ty,-ity;-cy,-age,-dom,-ence,-ance,-ness,-th等
课堂应用
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.It was the first road in China with three colored dividing lines,and has
(successful) applied for national intellectual property certification.
2.The change was extremely unpopular,but it was necessary.Finland and Norway are Sweden’s neighboring (country).
3.The 24 solar terms are determined by changes in the (sun) position in the zodiac(黄道带) during the year.
4.For most of the time,Ghanaian students at the institute involve (they) in the learning of the Chinese language and traditional Chinese culture.
successfully
countries
sun’s
themselves
5.However,because of (it) altitude,it’s such a great challenge to both one’s physical ability and mind.
6. (fortunate),Sivley owned a four-wheel drive,which was fully equipped with hooks,chains and recovery tow straps(拖带),and capable of pulling over 40,000 pounds.
7.China’s commitment to engage 300 million people in winter sports has already become a (real).
8.“I hope that we can turn villages into more beautiful places and make villagers get (rich),” Wang said.
its
Fortunately
reality
richer
9.Although failing to qualify for the FIFA World Cup finals soccer tournament in Qatar,China made a huge contribution to the (large) global sporting event in the world.
10.The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you are still at school,before you make any choice about your (far) education.
largest
further
Ⅱ.语篇填空
A
(2025全国一卷)
An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go,or weiqi in Chinese,1. originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
Go is one of 2. earliest binary-based(基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy,according to Tu Ningning,who is in charge of the exhibition.
which
the
“The exhibition brings together Go culture,cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu.“We hope 3. (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context,and initiate dialogues with minimalist art,conceptual art and expressionism.”
“In a Go game,each move should serve a long-term goal.You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘4. (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei,a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
to present
guidance
“The players’ personalities 5. (reveal) during the game,and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,”she adds.“A decent winner always 6. (try) to beat the opponent 7. no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态) of respect for the other side.”
Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces,the beauty in the 8. (strategy) placement of the pieces,9. the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures,10. (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
are revealed
tries
by
strategic
and
digitally
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。上海久事美术馆迎来了一场灵感来源于围棋的艺术作品展览。这场展览将当代艺术、围棋文化与前沿科技巧妙融合,带来了一场视觉与思想的盛宴。
1.which 考查定语从句引导词。根据空后的originated in可知,该空用作主语;由于定语从句的先行词是Go,or weiqi,所以用which引导非限制性定语从句。
2.the 考查定冠词。根据空后的形容词最高级earliest可知,此处应用the。
3.to present 考查动词不定式。动词hope后接动词不定式作宾语,即hope to do sth.(希望做某事)。
4.guidance 考查名词。根据空前的your可知,此处应用guide的名词形式guidance。
5.are revealed 考查动词的时态和语态。本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal为动宾关系,所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态,故填are revealed。
6.tries 考查动词的时态。本句中缺少谓语动词,主语是A decent winner,故应用try的第三人称单数形式。
7.by 考查介词。by表示“以某种幅度或数量”;一个得体的赢家总是试图以不超过一两分的优势击败对手,以表示对对方的尊重。
8.strategic 考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词placement of the pieces,所以用形容词形式,故填strategic。
9.and 考查连词。the balance...,the beauty...和the energy flow...是并列关系,一起作宾语从句的主语,故填and。
10.digitally 考查副词。所填的词修饰动词generated,所以用副词形式。digital的副词形式为digitally。
B
China aims to accelerate research and development of key core technologies and application-oriented technological innovations this year,said Liu Zhenfang,president of China State Railway Group.Liu,also a deputy to the 14th National People’s Congress,said they would continue to
1. (immense) promote independent research and the industrial application of key core technologies this year 2. (boost) self-reliance in railway technology.
China’s high-speed railways are a successful example of independent innovation in our country,and the overall technological level of China’s railways 3. (enter) the forefront of the world so far.
immensely
to boost
has entered
The group plans to unveil a more advanced bullet train,the CR450—with 4. top operating speed of 400 km/h and an experimental speed of up to 450 km/h—by next year.
Currently,the fastest bullet trains in China 5. (programme) at speeds of 350km/h along several lines,including the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway and the Beijing-Tianjin High-Speed Railway.A train
6. (travel) at 400 km/h would shorten the journey
7. Beijing to Shanghai to 2.5 hours.China aims to achieve technological 8. (breakthrough) to improve operational safety.
a
are programmed
travelling
from
breakthroughs
“China’s overall level of railway infrastructure has reached the forefront globally,providing the foundation and conditions for 9. (far) advancement toward a higher level of modernization,” Liu added,“China aims to have 165,000 km of track by the end of next year,50,000 km of
10. will be high-speed.”
further
which
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的铁路建设情况和前景。
1.immensely 考查词性转换。修饰动词promote应用副词。故填immensely。
2.to boost 考查非谓语动词。此处在句中作目的状语,应用不定式。故填to boost。
3.has entered 考查动语的时态。根据后文so far可知用现在完成时,主语为the overall technological level of China’s railways,助动词用has。故填has entered。
4.a 考查冠词。a speed of表示“……的速度”,且top是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
5.are programmed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语trains与谓语构成被动关系,且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态,谓语用复数。故填are programed。
6.travelling 考查非谓语动词。此处travel与train为主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故填travelling。
7.from 考查介词。from...to...表示“从……到……”。故填from。
8.breakthroughs 考查名词的数。前文没有冠词,表示数量大于一应用复数形式。故填breakthroughs。
9.further 考查比较级。根据后文higher可知,表示“进一步”应用比较级further。故填further。
10.which 考查定语从句。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词165,000 km,作介词的宾语,指物。故填which。
