(共29张PPT)
第1讲 利用语篇分析,快解七选五阅读
专题概览
考情表解
年份 卷名 体裁 主题 设空位置 主题语境 主题语境内容 段首 段中 段尾 小标题
2025 全国一卷 记叙文 人与社会 热爱事业的咖啡馆员工 0 4 1 0
全国二卷 说明文 人与社会 家庭志愿服务的好处 1 2 1 1
2024 新课标 Ⅰ卷 夹叙夹议文 人与自我 使用词典的经验、心得与乐趣 1 4 0 0
新课标 Ⅱ卷 说明文 人与社会 如何应对过度旅游 1 3 1 0
全国甲卷 说明文 人与自我 适度饮食 1 3 1 0
年份 卷名 体裁 主题 设空位置 主题语境 主题语境内容 段首 段中 段尾 小标题
2023 新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与自我 自我原谅 0 4 1 0
新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 人与社会 如何开启艺术之旅 1 3 1 0
全国 乙卷 说明文 人与自然 室内种花养草的益处 0 3 2 0
全国 甲卷 说明文 人与自我 如何成为更有耐心的人 1 3 1 1
命题趋势
1.近三年七选五阅读多选用说明文,偶尔也用记叙文(2025全国一卷)和夹叙夹议文(2024新课标Ⅰ卷),主题语境涵盖人与自我、人与社会、人与自然;
2.文章结构清晰,过程完整,设题位置以段中居多,兼顾小标题、段首和段末,重点考查细节句,其次为过渡句和主旨句,考查考生的综合阅读能力;
3.选项呈现方式更加灵活,有些选项可能只是一句话中的一部分;
4.篇中长难句的数量有所增加,熟词生义和词汇活用等现象有所增加。
从近几年的高考七选五来看,选材一般为说明文,文章的结构清晰,逻辑关系严谨。因此我们必须了解文章的语篇结构,掌握语篇的衔接手段,把握句际和段际之间的逻辑关系,方可快速高效地解题。下面就说明文体的语篇结构进行重点分析。
说明文体七选五通常是“总—分(—总)”结构,偶尔是“总—分—分”结构,把握整体结构和段际关系,对于标题设空类或者主旨句设空类的解答大有帮助。
2023~2025年9套高考试卷中,说明文体七选五考查了7次,其文章结构有以下三种类型:
结构类型 图示 卷别 考查次数
总(P1)—分 2025全国二卷,2024全国甲卷, 2023全国乙卷 3
总(P1&2)—分 2023全国甲卷 1
总—分—总 2024新课标Ⅱ卷,2023新课标Ⅰ卷, 2023新课标Ⅱ卷 3
[典例](2024新课标Ⅱ卷)
Overtourism Is for Real:How Can You Help
Travel promotes understanding,expands our minds,makes us better people,and boosts local economies and communities,but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 36 Certainly not.The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully.Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special.With so many online posts featuring the same places,it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out.Go somewhere only when the landscape,culture or food deeply draws you. 37
●Get creative.The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else.Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world,it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots.That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 38 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights
● 39 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.You’ll compete with fewer tourists,save money, experience a different side of a popular place,and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸).Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. 40 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A.Visit during off-peak times.
B.So,should we stop traveling
C.Travel for you and no one else.
D.Can overtourism be avoided then
E.You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F.You’ll find yourself virtually alone,or close to it.
G.Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
解题之门
第一步 览全文,了解篇章结构
Overtourism Is For Real:How Can You Help
第二步 读选项,做好分类标识
标记表示逻辑关系的副词及连词□标记代词 标记核心主题词汇
A.Visit during off-peak times.
C.Travel for you and no one else.
D.Can overtourism be avoided then
F.You’ll find yourself virtually alone,or close to it.
G.Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
第三步 找线索,攻克解题障碍
[Travel] promotes understanding,expands our minds,makes us better people,and boosts local economies and communities,but the rapid growth of [travel] has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 36 Certainly not.The loss of what [travel] offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on [the places we visit] and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully.Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special.With so many online posts featuring the same places,it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out.Go somewhere (only) when the landscape,culture or food deeply draws (you). 37
●Get creative.The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else.Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world,it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots.That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 38 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights
● 39 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.You’ll compete with fewer tourists,save money, experience a different side of a popular place,and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
[自主解答]
BCEAG
分析
36.根据空白处后的回答“Certainly not.”可知,空白处应是一个疑问句,再根据关键词travel和the places we visit可知,空白处应是对旅行的提问。
37.前句中的only与C项中的no one else同义。
38.E项中的undiscovered places 与本段中的less-visited options和 lesser-known sights相呼应。
39.本段中的“skipping...rush hour”与A项中的off-peak一致,强调错峰出行,故A项“淡季的时候旅游”符合语境。
40.根据空白处前“参观别人称之为家的地方是一种荣幸。首先,尽自己的一分力量来保护当地的旅游特色”可知,本段建议人们保护旅行地的特色。 G项giving back to呼应了空白处前的preserve,且G项中的the communities与空白处后的there相呼应。
课堂应用
Passage 1
(2024新课标Ⅰ卷)
Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published,it’s vital to submit a perfect,professionally presented manuscript(原稿). 1 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk:dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典).I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 2 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses,but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
3 It should give you a precise definition of each word,thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar,but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition,I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary,picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.Of course,with its 2,672 pages,it’s not exactly short.It contains around 163,000 words,plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 4 However,if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage,there’s nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.“To make dictionaries is dull(乏味) work,” wrote Johnson,illustrating one definition of “dull”. 5 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A.I don’t often use this dictionary.
B.It takes no account of the context.
C.But I still don’t want to replace them.
D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E.Of course,a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G.Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者认为,没有编辑喜欢拼写错误的作家,所以词典对于写作来说就成了必备品。作者以自己的经历为例,说明了词典和同义词词典对于写作的重要性。
1.F 此句为过渡句。上文提到“如果你想发表书籍或文章,那么提交一份完美的、专业的原稿是至关重要的”,而下文提到“没有编辑可能忍受一位不愿花心思把单词拼写正确的作家”。由此可知,F项“那就意味着好的语法和没有拼写错误”起到了承上启下的作用。
2.B 此句为细节句。根据上文的“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.”可知,B项中的“It”指代my laptop’s spellchecker,B项“It takes no account of the context.”(它不考虑语境)为正确答案。
3.E 此句为主旨句。根据下文的“It should give you a precise definition of each word...It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.”可知,它(词典)不仅仅是关于拼写的,还给出单词的定义和读音,故选E项。
4.A 此句为细节句。根据下文的“However,if I need to check the origin of a word or to...”可知,A项“我不经常用这本词典”与下文的转折句相吻合。
5.D 此句为过渡句。根据上文的“To make dictionaries is dull work...”可知,编写词典是很枯燥的一件事。结合下文的“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.”可知,花几分钟看一页或两页的词典可以是一种有益的体验。因此D项“但读词典可以是一种乐趣”起到过渡的作用,符合语境。
Passage 2
(2025全国二卷)
Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family
Are you looking for a way to bring your family together Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults 6 You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others,but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.
●You’ll feel like you have more time.
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer.Yet,research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it. 7
●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
8 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age.Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives.
● 9
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence.These effects aren’t just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen’s well-being in the years to come.
●You’ll have more time with family.
Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal. 10 Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way.And,there are tasks for every age and ability,so all your children can feel proud of their work.
A.Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B.Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C.Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D.Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E.For adults,volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.
F.You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn’t know about before.
G.Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了家庭志愿服务带来的四个意想不到的好处:让家人感觉时间更充裕、促进成年人身体健康、对青少年产生终身积极影响、增加亲子时光。
6.B 此句为过渡句。根据本段首句“Are you looking for a way to bring your family together ”可知,此处所选择的选项需要与家庭共同做事有关系。前文以两个问句引出“家庭共同活动”的需求,后文直接切入 “志愿服务的好处”。B项 “(家庭)志愿服务或许正是你需要的”承上启下,将问题与解决方案衔接。
7.G 此句为细节句。该段主题为 “你会感觉时间更充裕”,G项 “志愿服务让你获得能力感,并激励你充分利用每一天” 解释了为何奉献时间反而让人产生时间变多的主观感受,与前文 “research has found” 的结论呼应。
8.E 此句为主旨句。后文提到 “55岁及以上志愿者记忆力更好、总体健康维持更久”,E 项 “对成年人而言,志愿服务能带来显著的身体健康益处” 概括了段落核心,且“adults”与下文研究对象匹配。
9.C 此句为小标题。该段聚焦青少年志愿服务的长期积极影响(如成绩提升、自信增强),C 项 “志愿服务对儿童和青少年有终身影响” 中的 “lifelong effect” 与段落中 “not just short-term” 形成呼应。
10.F 此句为细节句。前文强调家庭共同志愿服务“朝共同目标努力”,后文提到“每个人带来独特之处并以新的方式建立联系”。F项“你甚至可能发现孩子拥有你以前不知道的天赋”具体说明家庭互动中的意外收获,符合语境。(共36张PPT)
第4讲 利用逻辑关系,破解七选五阅读
每篇文章都是一个有机统一的整体,各部分之间存在着一定的内在联系。从逻辑意义上来看,句子之间常常有总分、并列、递进、顺承、转折、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系,有时甚至包含不止一种关系。因此,理解阅读七选五的材料时一定要把握文章脉络,弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文章或选项中出现了逻辑关系词,考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断;如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词,这就需要考生全面理解文章大意,根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系,并做出正确的判断。
技法1 根据总分关系定答案
总分关系:其实就是从抽象到具体,或者说从概括到例子的过程。前面的句子进行总述,后面的句子对该句子加以分述说明。
[典例](2021新高考Ⅰ卷)
The place wasn’t entirely authentic,though.Unlike a normal Parisian apartment,the plumbing(水管)worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said,“Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French.That is the only French phrase I mastered,and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
A.Not all the customers are tourists.
B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
分析 本段首句介绍了作者租住的公寓情况,下文列举了公寓的特殊之处。根据空前一句提到的“和通常的巴黎公寓不同,这里的水管可以正常使用”和空后一句提到的“我们的公寓楼里甚至还有一部小电梯”可知,设空处和上下句之间为并列关系,不管是水管和电梯,还是厨房和床,都是对公寓的介绍。
[自主解答]
C
技法2 根据顺承关系定答案
顺承是按时间、空间或逻辑事理上的顺序说出连续的动作或相关的情况,分句之间有先后相承的关系。
[典例](2024浙江1月卷)
In the past few years,online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. 36 But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you 37.If you take an online course,what can you do to ensure the best possible grade We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses.
E.The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F.If you take an online course,what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G.A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
分析 由上文“In the past few years,online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.”可知,在线学习对大学生活很重要,设空处是跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的内容。
[自主解答]
G
技法3 根据转折关系定答案
表示转折关系的连接词汇有but、 however/whereas、 nevertheless (然而,不过)、 though、 yet、 in spite of、 at any rate (无论如何)、 in any case (无论如何,不管怎样)、 on the contrary、 by contrast (相反,相比之下)、 by comparison (相比之下)、 otherwise、 not...but、 as well等。
[典例](2022全国乙卷)
·Don’t rely on technology alone
40 ,but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain.Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
分析 本段小标题提到不要只依靠技术,空后分句表示“但是远距离的友谊,即使是亲密的朋友之间,可能需要更多有意识的努力来维系”,又根据空后的转折连词but可知,设空处应与空后内容形成转折关系,故F项“通过社交媒体保持联系很容易”符合语境。
[自主解答]
F
技法4 根据因果关系定答案
设空处前后句之间是否含有因果的逻辑关系,可以通过一些关联词(组)来判断,如why,because,since,now that,so,due to,owing to,thanks to,as a result, consequently,on account of,as a consequence,therefore,thus,hence 等。
[典例](2025全国一卷)
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 38 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students.I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said.Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is.She believes she is here to serve.
A.The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B.She has two children aged eight and four.
C.Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D.After finishing an order,she calls out the name on the cup.
E.Not only does this cafe serve up drinks,it also serves up smiles.
F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G.She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
分析 前文“每天4:45 起床,开车30 分钟上班” 强调其勤奋,后文引用她的话 “喜欢为学生煮咖啡,知道他们早上需要”解释原因。C项“她有时早到提前服务”是对“早起”行为的进一步说明,体现“主动服务”的动机。前后为因果关系。
[自主解答]
C
技法5 根据并列关系定答案
设空处前后句之间是否含有并列的逻辑关系,可以通过表示并列关系的标志词语来判断,如and,first(ly),second(ly),then/next,to begin with,for one thing, for another thing,finally/last等。
[典例](2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
So,how do you find a workout partner
First of all,decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit,able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C.You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E.How can you write a good “seeking a training partner” notice
分析 选段第一段提到如何找到一个健身伙伴,第二段提到首先要决定你想要从那个人那里得到什么。根据空后一句“Or do you just want to be physically fit... ”可知,设空处与空后一句之间是并列关系,设空处也应是一般疑问句,是对本段首句的进一步解释。
[自主解答]
D
技法6 根据解释关系定答案
从逻辑意义上来看,句子与句子之间常常是解释关系,往往作者提出观点,紧接着对这个观点进行解释说明。表示解释关系的标志词语有that is to say,in other words等。因此,把握文章结构,理清作者所表达的观点至关重要。
[典例](2021全国甲卷)
·Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. 39 . Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
E.Donate whatever clothes are left over
F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
分析 由空前“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room”可知,在房间的不同区域放不同类型的衣服。设空处应当是对上文如何在不同区域放不同类型衣服的解释,F项“让每个人都把衣服放在合适的位置”是对上文的解释和说明。
[自主解答]
F
技法7 根据例证关系定答案
设空处前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性,思维过程基本是归纳和推理。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有like, such as,for example,for instance,in fact/as a matter of fact,actually,in other words/that is to say等。
[典例](2023全国乙卷)
There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases,such as carbon dioxide.They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 39 .
E.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best
F.Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G.Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
分析 本题可以利用例证关系解题。根据上文可知,盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知,E项“像和平百合和常春藤之类的植物是最好的”能够承接上文,列举了在这方面做得最好的植物,符合语境。
[自主解答]
E
技法8 根据递进关系定答案
表示递进关系的连接词汇有also、 further、 furthermore、 similarly、 moreover、 in addition、 what’s more、 too、 either、 neither、 not only...but also...、 the more...the more...等。
[典例](2025全国一卷节选)
“I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. 40 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
A.The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B.She has two children aged eight and four.
C.Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D.After finishing an order,she calls out the name on the cup.
E.Not only does this cafe serve up drinks,it also serves up smiles.
F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G.She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
分析 前“她喜欢在咖啡馆工作”表达态度,后文“打算留下继续做热爱的事” 强调决心。G项“她已经在这儿工作了17年,无法想象在其他地方工作”用时间长度和情感依赖表语意递进,强化“热爱”的程度。
[自主解答]
G
课堂应用
Passage 1
(2022新高考Ⅱ卷)
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people.However,the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
1 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay,put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper.Stay loose and free. 2 Don’t worry about grammar or spelling.Even though this technique won’t work for everyone,it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. 3 Yet,by learning to live with imperfection,you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled(弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration,not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced(三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. 4 As a result,these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks(大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space.After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore,you can enter your changes into your word processor. 5 The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A.Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B.Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C.The second draft of the essay should be better.
D.First of all,learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E.Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F.Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G.Then you can print out a fresh draft,again setting your text on triple-space.
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是写文章的技巧。
1.D 空格处是本段的主题句,由空后的“When you are first trying...letting your pen leave the paper.”可知,本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写,D项概括了本段的主要内容,可作为主题句。故选D项。
2.B 根据空前的“Stay loose and free.”和空后的“Don’t worry about grammar or spelling.”可知,空格处应说按心里想的写,自由发挥,B项表示“让你的笔跟随思想的波浪”,符合语境。故选B项。
3.E 空前面一句提到:下一个技巧是快速写草稿,不要担心是否完美。空后面一句提到:然而,通过学习与不完美共存,你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的纸的废纸篓。E项“太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好”承上启下,符合语境,故选E项。
4.F F项中的revise和前面的revision呼应。另外space在前后句子中也都出现了。F项中的Many beginning writers和后文的these writers也呼应,因此F项承上启下,符合语境。故选F项。
5.G 空前面一句提到:在你修改你的草稿,直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作之后,你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字处理器中。空后面一句提到:由此产生的空白允许你修改。G项“然后你可以打印一份新的草稿,同样将文本设置为三倍行距”承上启下,符合语境。故选G项。
Passage 2
(2021浙江6月卷)
You’ve got mail...and it’s a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes,a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer,loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome’s Colosseum.Or Africa’s Victoria Falls.Or China’s Great Wall. 6
“I often send postcards to family and friends,” he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while,you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it. 7 ” Seeking other like-minded souls,however,Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place:online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service,but Paulo’s hunch(直觉) paid off.
Today his hobby has developed into the website ,a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. 8 Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job.
Language is certainly a barrier for many people.For postcrossing to work worldwide,a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other.As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese,the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it. 9 So a common language is required and in postcrossing that’s English since it’s widely spoken.
“Many people in China have limited exposure to English. 10 That said,we know of many postcrossing members,including Chinese,who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing,” Paulo says.
A.And that’s totally fine.
B.That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C.He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D.Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E.On August 5,the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F.Similarly,if you speak only Chinese,receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G.In short,he loves postcards,and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。葡萄牙人Paulo喜欢收集和欣赏来自世界各地的明信片。为此,他专门创建了一个网站,通过网络的力量发展传播自己的爱好,并结识了很多志同道合的人们。
6.G 文中提到Paulo喜欢收集和欣赏来自世界各地的明信片。所填的句子位于段尾,对上述内容进行总结概括。G项“总之,他喜欢明信片,享受那种得到来自远方的人的一张手写纸条的兴奋感”符合语境。故选G项。
7.A 根据Paulo所说的话“but you can imagine that after a while,you never receive as many as you send,and you realize that not everyone is into it”可知,并不是所有的人都像Paulo一样积极热情地发送明信片,但对于Paulo而言,这完全没问题,因为下文提到Paulo想出了解决问题的办法。故选A项。
8.E 根据“...has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago.”可知,此处用数字来说明Paulo创办的这个网站非常成功。故选E项。
9.F 上文“As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese,the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it.”提到,不懂中文的人收到写有中文的明信片,对上面的概念一无所知。同样的道理,如果你只会讲中文,收到瑞典语写的卡片也会失去一部分乐趣。故选F项。
10.B 上文“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.”提到,很多中国人接触英语的机会有限,此处承接上文,说明带来的后果是“学习和练习英语更加困难”。故选B项。(共43张PPT)
第2讲 利用外在线索,巧解七选五阅读
技法1 重视明显的语篇标志
技法2 利用标点符号
目 录 索 引
01
02
技法1 重视明显的语篇标志
类型1 行文标志
(1)关注小标题
若是针对段落小标题设空,其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同。因此,考生做题时应观察其他段落标题的句式结构,然后根据结构相同的原则,缩小范围,选择短小精悍、多为名词词组、动词-ing形式的短语或祈使句作为小标题。
[典例](2023全国甲卷)
39
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate,and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.You should learn to say to yourself, “40.This is merely uncomfortable,not intolerable.”You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A.Find your causes
B.Start with small tasks
C.Accept the uncomfortable
分析 本题考查对段落小标题的选择。根据下文“when we experience something outside of our comfort zone”可知,本段主要围绕如何在不舒服的情况下培养耐心展开。
[自主解答]
C
(2)留意主旨句
七选五所选文章通常是“总—分(—总)”结构,偶尔是“总—分—分”结构,把握住这个规律后,在“总—分”结构的文章中,观察每一部分(段落)的结构,如果每一部分(段落)都有主旨句引领,这些主旨句往往句式相同,并且前面往往有实心圆点。如果设空处恰好处于段落主旨句的位置,则该处应为段落主旨句,然后根据本段内容做出选择。
[典例](2024全国甲卷)
40 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism(新陈代谢),while eating small,healthy meals keeps your energy up all day.Avoid eating late at night.Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14-16 hours until breakfast the next morning.Studies suggest that eating only when you’re most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
A.Eat properly throughout the day.
C.Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work.
E.Instead,surround yourself with healthy choices.
分析 本题考查对段落主旨句的选择。
[自主解答]
A
(3)观察首段末尾处
在“总—分”结构的文章中,首段的末尾句往往起到总起作用,引领下文。所选答案的语句通常为:“Following is the advice on how to...”“Here are a few tips to...” “The following steps may help you...”,而下文正是这些advice,tips, steps的具体内容。
[典例](2020新高考Ⅱ卷)
Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and give your doctor the information she or he needs to give you the best care.Don’t be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you. 36
·Stay positive.
Go to your doctor’s office with a good attitude.37.Remember,your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.Think teamwork!Think positive!
A.This will make getting answers easier.
B.Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.
C.You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don’t work.
分析 本文主要讲述了与医生高效交流的几种方法——保持积极心态、跟踪记录个人感受、携带病历、提问题。和医生自由地交谈可使你感觉良好,并让医生了解你的信息,从而给你最好的治疗。不要因谈论困扰你的问题而感到害怕或尴尬,而下文是具体的做法,正确选项应该起到承上启下的作用。
[自主解答]
B
类型2 句式结构
[典例](2023全国乙卷)
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much,but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36 ,but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood(心情),reducing stress and helping their memory.What’s more,indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
A.All plants are different
B.Not only do they look beautiful
分析 空格前一句提到室内植物在许多方面是家里的无名英雄,下文应对此做进一步解释,选项B“它们不仅看起来漂亮”符合语境,且与空后的but构成not only...but (also)...固定句型。
[自主解答]
B
类型3 语言标志
语言标志指some...others...still others...(一些……一些……还有一些……)等。
[典例](2016全国Ⅱ卷)
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants,flowers, patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 38 .However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
D.It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E.Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
分析 由本段中的语言标志词Some...Others...可知应该选以Still others开头的选项。
[自主解答]
E
技法2 利用标点符号
类型1 空后是逗号
(1)当设空处后面是逗号,且后面的句子是由从属连词引导的状语从句时,则设空处为主句。
[典例](2021全国乙卷)
According to Jessica Hagy,author of How to Be Interesting,it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.
36 ,if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time.So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous,trying different foods and talking to strangers.
B.The first step is to go exploring
D.Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
G.He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
分析 根据空后的句子“if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time”是由if引导的条件状语从句可知,此空应该填入一个主句;再由下文“be adventurous,trying different foods and talking to strangers”可知,本段告诉读者在晚宴上要勇于尝试,故B项“第一步是去探索”符合语境。
[自主解答]
B
(2)当设空处后面是逗号,且后面的句子没有连词引导,则设空处多为状语从句。
[典例](2021全国乙卷)
People love to talk about themselves.If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living ”,you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to.
37 ,it can bring in “I have this old,broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
C.If you ask the question “How did you get here ”
E.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
分析 根据空后的标点符号和标点符号后的句子可推知,此空应该填入一个从句;再根据“‘I have this old,broken-down vehicle’ or ‘I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.’”可知,空处内容与交通方式有关。故C选项符合语境。
[自主解答]
C
类型2 空后是句号
当设空处后面是句号时,考生要根据段落主题和前后句之间的逻辑关系来解题。
[典例](2021全国乙卷)
And what about that other dinner-party killer:awkward silence If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party,the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment(赞扬). 40 .Just quickly turn around and say,“This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
D.Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
G.He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
分析 本段第一句为段落主题句,意为“如何应对另一个宴会杀手:尴尬的沉默 ”,下文给出方法应对宴会杀手——尴尬的沉默的唯一方法就是赞扬主人,故G项“他或她是最能感受到这种尴尬的人”符合语境,与前面的句子构成前果后因的关系。
[自主解答]
G
类型3 空后是破折号
当设空处后面是破折号时,考生要根据破折号后面的内容来确定答案,因为它是对前面内容的解释和说明。
[典例](2016全国Ⅱ卷)
Recall(回忆) your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad,but that’s not what’s important. 39 — how being in those gardens made us feel.If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden,start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.For each of those gardens,write down the strongest memory you have.Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden.Have fun.
C.It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D.It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
分析 根据空前的“but that’s not what’s important”可知,空处应讲重要的是什么;再根据破折号后面的内容“how being in those gardens made us feel”可知,空处内容应该是对“我们”的关于花园的体验的解释,故C项“是我们关于花园的体验很重要”符合语境。
[自主解答]
C
类型4 空后是问号
当设空处后面是问号时,考生要根据后面对这个问题的回答来确定设空处问的是什么。
[典例](2021全国乙卷)
38 If you can’t take their wine away,you should certainly try to take away their soapbox(讲台).If you’re the host,you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say.
A.How do you know the host
F.What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
分析 根据空后的标点符号可知,此空应该填入一个问句,选项中只有A项和F项是问句;再根据空后“If you can’t take their wine away”中的“wine”可知,F项中的“has had too much to drink”与之属于同一范畴的表达,因此F项“对于喝多了或者不停说话的人该怎么办”符合语境。
[自主解答]
F
课堂应用
Passage 1
(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)
As an artist who shares her journey on social media,I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.Unfortunately,there is no magic list I can offer.I do remember,though,what it was like to be a complete beginner.So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
Start small.I suggest using a sketchbook(素描本) for small studies.These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 1 You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
Paint often and paint from life.There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles.Whether you paint still lifes,portraits,or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. 2
Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 3 Artistic growth can be a bit painful.Welcome to the club;we’ve all been there.I love taking on challenges.I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
4 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈) is crucial to growth.I post my work on social media and,in turn,have met some of the kindest people.They make me feel valued and respected,no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. 5 Push through, give it time and put in the effort.You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A.Get out of your comfort zone.
B.Make career plans and set goals.
C.Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D.Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E.You’ll hit roadblocks,and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F.Evaluate your performance and,if needed,redefine your role.
G.You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者针对如何开始艺术之旅,提出了四条有用的建议。
1.C 本句是过渡句。根据上文“Start small.I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies.(从小事开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习。)”以及下文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.(你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅,看看自己已经取得多少进步。)”可知,空处应是一个过渡句,C项“Don’t throw away your beginner art.”可承上启下。
2.G 本句是总结句。根据本段主题句“Paint often and paint from life.”中的often以及设空前一句“Whether you paint still lifes,portraits,or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible.”中的as much as possible可知,这与G项中的repetition相呼应。
3.A 本句是细节句。根据本段第一句“Continually challenge yourself to try something new.”可知,A项“Get out of your comfort zone.(跳出舒适区。)”与之相一致。
4.D 本句是主题句。根据设空后的“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈) is crucial to growth.”可知,D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.(如果你感觉这么做舒服,你就分享你的作品。)”与空后的feedback相吻合。
5.E 本句是细节句。根据本段第一句“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path.(你的艺术之旅不会一帆风顺。)”可知,E项“You’ll hit roadblocks,and you’ll feel discouraged at times.(你会遇到路障,并且有时会感到气馁。)”可承接上文。
Passage 2
(2025全国一卷)
An Unsung Hero
Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning The College Cafe has just that,and more. 6
Catherine Murphy,a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat,makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. 7 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand,she smiles and says,“Hello,how is your day ” Even when the line is getting longer,she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time. 8 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students.I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said.Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is.She believes she is here to serve.
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious(有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her.Joanna Wright,a senior political science major, loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. 9 “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face,which always puts me in a cheerful mood,” Wright said.
“I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said. 10 She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.
A.The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B.She has two children aged eight and four.
C.Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D.After finishing an order,she calls out the name on the cup.
E.Not only does this cafe serve up drinks,it also serves up smiles.
F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G.She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述大学咖啡馆工作人员凯瑟琳·墨菲用真诚的服务和热情的微笑为学生带来温暖的故事,展现了这位平凡英雄的动人之处。
6.E 此句为过渡句。在七个选项中只有A项和E项没有涉及she或her,而第一段没有人物出现,可直接把答案定位到A项或者E项。根据上文可知,开篇引出咖啡馆的功能,空格处需揭示“更多”的内涵。E项“Not only does this cafe serve up drinks,it also serves up smiles.(这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品,还提供微笑。)”既承接上文的“The College Cafe”,又引出下文核心——墨菲的微笑服务。
7.D 此句为细节句。根据上文“She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.(她在机器之间来回制作饮品。)”及下文“As the customer grabs the drink from her hand,she smiles and says,...(当顾客从她手中接过饮品时,她微笑着说:……)”可知,设空处需补充制作饮品后的环节。D项“After finishing an order,she calls out the name on the cup.(完成订单后,她会喊出杯子上的名字。)”中的“finishing an order”衔接“make the drinks”, “calls out the name”引出顾客接饮品的场景,形成“制作—叫号—交付”的完整流程。
8.C 此句为细节句。根据上文“Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time.(墨菲每天四点四十五起床,开车三十分钟准时上班。)”可知,设空处需进一步体现她对工作的投入。C项“Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.(有时她会提前到达,提前为学生服务。)”中的“arrives early”补充了“准时上班”之外的主动性,“serve the students early”呼应“like to make coffee for the students”,展现其敬业精神。
9.F 此句为细节句。根据上文“Joanna Wright,a senior political science major,loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week.(乔安娜·赖特是政治学专业的大四学生,她热爱咖啡,每周至少去这家咖啡馆六天。)”可知,设空处需说明她频繁去咖啡馆的原因。F项“Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.(去咖啡馆让她一天有个好的开始,并为上课做好准备。)”中的“starts her day off good”解释了“每周去六天”的原因,且“cheerful mood”与墨菲的微笑服务形成因果关系。
10.G 此句为细节句。根据下文“She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.(她完全打算留下来,继续做自己喜欢的事。)”可知,设空处需体现她对工作的长期投入。G项“She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.(她已经在这里服务了17年,无法想象在其他地方工作。)”中的“17 years”凸显服务年限长,“can’t imagine working anywhere else”强调对咖啡馆的情感联结,与“staying”形成呼应。(共39张PPT)
第3讲 利用衔接手段,化解七选五阅读
技法1 代词指代法
技法2 词汇复现法
目 录 索 引
01
02
技法3 词语同现法
03
技法4 结构复现法
04
技法1 代词指代法
行文中为了避免与上文提到的名词重复,常用不同的代词指代上文提到的人、事物或事件,如it指代单数可数名词、不可数名词、句子;they 指代复数名词;ones 泛指复数名词;还有反身代词、指示代词、关系代词等。其解题思路为:
类型1 利用人称代词
[典例](2024浙江1月卷)
The tip that comes up most often is simple:build online courses into your weekly schedule,just like what you would do with in-person courses. 39 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades.It is so easy to let an online course slide,but your grades will suffer as a result.Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures,read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
A.But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B.Your motivation should be your main concern.
C.Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D.Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
分析 由下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades.”可知,本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题,故D项能引起下文,下文中的He指代D项中的“Professor Alex Davidson”,符合题意。
[自主解答]
D
类型2 利用指示代词
[典例](2024浙江1月卷)
The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 38 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman.Before choosing to study online,consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
A.But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B.Your motivation should be your main concern.
C.Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D.Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
分析 由上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime.”可知,在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习,本空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题,故A项与上文构成转折关系,that指代上一句话,符合题意。
[自主解答]
A
技法2 词汇复现法
词汇复现法是为了保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手法,即在文章中不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述,从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。学生可利用文章的这一特点,在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词。
类型1 原词复现法
原词复现指一个句子中的关键词(常为动词、名词、形容词)会反复出现在文中的其他句子中。这些词会以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现,如“looks”与“looking” “looked”;“go”与“going” “went”等。根据语言习惯,第一句的宾语往往是第二句的主语,或者前后句有相同、重叠的词汇。因此,要学会寻找设空处上下句中的相同关键词。
[典例](2024全国甲卷)
What is moderation(适度) Basically,it means eating only as much food as your body needs.You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal,but not too full. 36 But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.
E.Instead,surround yourself with healthy choices.
F.For many of us,moderation means eating less than we do now.
G.That won’t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
分析 前文提到,适度饮食意味着只吃身体需要的食物,餐后感觉满足但不过量。F项“对我们许多人来说,适度意味着比现在吃得少。” 进一步解释了适度饮食的含义。F项中的moderation为同词复现。
[自主解答]
F
类型2 同/近义词复现
同义词/近义词复现是指设空处的前后句或本段中的某个关键词(动词、名词、形容词或副词)的同义词/近义词在正确选项中出现。
[典例](2023新课标Ⅰ卷)
In a journal or on a piece of paper,put the heading “Personal strengths.”
37 Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing,just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
A.A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B.Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C.They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D.It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E.It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F.Whatever it is,no matter how small it might seem,write it down.
G.Whatever the mistake,remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
分析 根据上文“In a journal or on a piece of paper,put the heading ‘Personal strengths.’”以及下文“Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don’t have to be world-changing,just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.”可知,空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。B项“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.”符合上下文内容,B项中的“characteristics you like about yourself”与空前的“Personal strengths”及句尾的“personality that you’re proud of”属于同义词复现。
[自主解答]
B
类型3 反义词复现
反义词复现是指上下文中有词义相反的单词、短语或者意思相反的句子。
(2023新课标Ⅰ卷)
It’s something of a cliché(陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes.The thing is,it’s true. 40 We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A.A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B.Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C.They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D.It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E.It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F.Whatever it is,no matter how small it might seem,write it down.
G.Whatever the mistake,remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
分析 反义词复现解题。本段主要讲人从错误中学习成长。文中的changing提示人在不断变化,跟G项中的fixed互为反义词,形成对比,G项“不管你犯了什么错误,记住这不是你性格中固定的一面”承上启下,符合语境。
[自主解答]
G
类型4 同根词复现
同根词复现指的是以同根词的词义为基础而词性不同的词语重复出现。
[典例](2022新高考Ⅰ卷)
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 40 Over time,both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.The core(核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C.You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E.How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F.Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
分析 空前一句提到:你和你的同伴可能会有不同的技能。空后一句提到:随着时间的推移,你们俩都会受益——你的同伴会举起更多的重量,你会变得更健康。F项表示:接受你们之间的差异,学会相互合作。由此可知F项符合语境。前句中的different与选项中的differences为同根词复现。
[自主解答]
F
技法3 词语同现法
词语同现是指在意义上相互关联的词汇,如school,teacher,student, headmaster,class,test,fail,pass,learn等词有可能在同一篇文章中同时出现,构成以某一话题为中心的词汇链,也称之为语义场。
[典例](2021全国甲卷)
·Set a starting time.Maybe you say“go,” or turn on a certain song,or whatever. 40 .And don’t forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember,it’s a party!
D.Just keep music playing throughout
G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
分析 与上下文中的song,party可能同时出现的,只有D项中的music。
[自主解答]
D
技法4 结构复现法
结构复现:就是句子结构重复出现,常有also作为标志词。
[典例](2022新高考Ⅰ卷)
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.”One reason was:“You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”while another read:“ 36 ”With a workout partner,you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙) competition.
B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C.You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
分析 C项中的“You’ll...if you...”与空前的“You’ll...if you...”是结构复现,均为if引导的条件状语从句。由空前的“while another read”可知,此处应阐述另一个与别人一起锻炼的理由。C项“如果你和别人一起训练,你会更努力”符合语境。
[自主解答]
C
课堂应用
Passage 1
(2023浙江1月卷)
With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train Compared to other alternatives,it’s comfortable and relaxing.Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead.Most long-distance trains,especially the sleeping car accommodations,sell out very quickly. 1 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent.Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details,make suggestions,and then handle the actual reservations.A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. 2 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.
Bring a blanket.When you’re riding on trains,you won’t be provided with a blanket for free,even if your trip is an overnight one. 3 In the summer in particular,the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week,so missing yours can be a disaster. 4 Note:The times listed on the schedules are departure times,not arrival times.
Have fun. 5 Read a book,knit,do a crossword puzzle,or simply watch the world unfold outside the window.To calculate your speed as you do,divide 3,600 (the number of seconds in an hour) by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile (the distance between two mileposts).If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile,you’re going 67.92 mph.
A.Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B.You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C.The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D.That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E.You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F.Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G.He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一些使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
1.D 根据上文“Plan ahead.Most long-distance trains,especially the sleeping car accommodations,sell out very quickly.”以及下文“But no matter when you travel,it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.”可知,大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被订完,所以要提前安排预订,D项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境,D项中“busy summer months”与上下文呼应,说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。
2.G 根据上文“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets.”以及下文“Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.”可知,好的旅行社帮你预定,不仅可以找到打折的票,还可以节省从卧铺到餐车的距离,G项中“book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner”与上下文对应,因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语境。
3.C 根据上文“When you’re riding on trains,you won’t be provided with a blanket for free,even if your trip is an overnight one.”以及下文“In the summer in particular,the air conditioning can make them quite cold.”可知,这里提到了车厢内温度的问题,提醒乘客最好自备毛毯,C项中“The temperature on rail cars”与上下文对应,因此推断C项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。
4.E 根据上文“Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week,so missing yours can be a disaster.”以及下文“Note:The times listed on the schedules are departure times,not arrival times.”可知,本段提醒要提前安排时间,错过时间是很麻烦的事情,E项中“You might have to wait longer”与上下文对应,说明错过火车导致的结果,因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。
5.A 根据本段主旨句“Have fun.”以及下文“To calculate your speed as you do,divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts).”可知,本段讲述如何度过乘车时间,A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人,与下文要计算时间、用不同的方式打发时间对应,符合语境。
Passage 2
(2021新高考Ⅱ卷)
If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine,the speed at which you read probably does not matter very much.But if you have to read a great deal for study,you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. 6
●Before you open the book,make sure that you are comfortable.You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. 7
● 8 Look at the table of contents,the preface,the chapter heading,etc. This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it.Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run.
●If you decide that you need to read the whole book,decide how much you can read at a time. 9 A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects.In the former case you may be able to read a chapter.In the latter you may only be able to read one page.
●Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. 10 Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as anything which leads you to further research.You don’t have to write these things in detail.It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder.
A.Stop to have a rest now and then.
B.Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C.This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D.Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E.Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F.You may find yourself having to learn something by heart.
G.Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
答案与解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了几种提高读书速度的方法。
6.D 设空处位于段尾,关注文章行文特点。文章后几段均为介绍提高阅读速度的方法,因此D项(这里有一些帮助你提高阅读速度的技巧)可概括全文。
7.G 设空处位于段尾,关注前面内容的逻辑关系、词汇对应。本段内容:在你打开书之前,确保你是舒服的。你需要一个支撑你后背的座位,书应该与你的眼睛有合适的距离。G项(保持房间凉爽而不是温暖,以避免困倦)与本段内容相符。
8.B 设空处位于段首,关注段落后面内容的逻辑关系、词汇对应。B项中的looking与后面Look对应。花几分钟时间浏览一下这本书。看看目录、前言、章节标题等。这将帮助你决定你是真的需要阅读整本书还是只需要阅读它的某些部分。从长远来看,用这种方式花十分钟可以为你节省很多时间。
9.C 设空处位于段中,关注段落前后内容的逻辑关系。空前:如果你决定要读整本书,那就决定一次能读多少。空后:一本可能以故事形式呈现、包含事实的历史书将比一本科学主题的书更容易阅读。在前一种情况下,你可能能够阅读其中一章。在后者中,你可能只能阅读一页。故选C项(这取决于你正在读的书的类型)。
10.E 设空处位于段中,关注段落前后内容的逻辑关系,词汇对应。空前表示“一直把铅笔和纸放在你的旁边”。空后内容表示:还要注意(那些)对你的目的很重要的事实,以及任何会导致你进一步研究的事情。你不需要详细地写这些东西。只要把页码和一两个单词作为提醒就足够了。本段讲如何记笔记。因此答案选E项(记下任何特别重要的页面)。
