福建省晋江市季延中学高考一轮英语复习专题练习：定语从句详解 Word版无答案

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高三定语从句及非谓语动词作定语复习
一、定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句：修饰________或__________的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的_________后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有________,
________,
________,
_______,
________,
_____
等；
关系副词有_________,
__________,
__________等。
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个_________。
判断以下句子是不是定语从句并选择
I
advise
you
to
cancel
__________is
thought
unnecessary.
He
remembered
the
weekends
________
he
climbed
mountains.
We
took
a
picture__________
there
is
a
tower.
A.
what
B.
when
C.
that
D.
where
E.
which
二.关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
The
boys
who
are
playing
football
are
from
Class
One.
2.
whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
Mr.
Liu
is
the
person
(whom)
you
talked
about
on
the
bus.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
The
man
who/whom
you
met
just
now
is
my
friend.
3.
which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1)
Football
is
a
game
which
is
liked
by
most
boys.
(2)
This
is
the
pen
(which)
he
bought
yesterday.
4.
that指人时，相当于who
或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
Where
is
the
man
that/whom
I
saw
this
morning
5.
whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1)
He
has
a
friend
whose
father
is
a
doctor.
(2)
I
once
lived
in
a
house
whose
roof
has
fallen
in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
我想买套窗户朝南的房子。
I'd
like
to
buy
a
flat
__________
windows
face
south.
＝I'd
like
to
buy
a
flat
_____
_______
_____
windows
face
south.
＝I'd
like
to
buy
a
flat
_____
windows____
_______
face
south.
三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1)
The
school
(that/which)
he
once
studied
in
is
very
famous.
(2)
The
school
in
which
he
once
studied
is
very
famous.
(5)
We'll
go
to
hear
the
famous
singer
(whom/that/who)
we
have
often
talked
about.
(6)
We'll
go
to
hear
the
famous
singer
about
whom
we
have
often
talked.
注意：1.
含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look
for,
look
after,
take
care
of等
(1)
This
is
the
watch
which/that
I
am
looking
for.
(
)
(2)
This
is
the
watch
for
which
I
am
looking.
(
)
2.
“介词+关系代词”前可有some,
any,
none,
both,
all,
neither,
most,
each,
few等代词或者数词
(1)
He
loved
his
parents
deeply,
both
of
_________
are
very
kind
to
him.
(2)
In
the
basket
there
are
quite
many
apples,
some
of
________
have
gone
bad.
3.
介词+which+n.的用法，常见的如：
in
which
case/at
which
time/in
which
way…实际上相当于and
in
that
case/and
at
that
time/and
in
that
way…
She
may
be
late,
_____
_______
______
we
ought
to
wait
for
her.
她可能迟到，因此我们应该等她。
I
will
be
around
the
area
at
5
pm,
____
_______
______
I'll
pick
you
up.
四．关系副词引导的定语从句
1.
when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语，可用介词+which
替换
I
still
remember
the
day
when
I
first
came
to
the
school.
=I
still
remember
the
day
________
__________
I
first
came
to
the
school.
where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语,
可用介词+which
替换
The
house
where
I
lived
ten
years
ago
has
been
pulled
down.
=The
house
________
___________
I
lived
ten
years
ago
has
been
pulled
down.
3.
why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语,
可用介词+which
替换
Please
tell
me
the
reason
why
you
missed
the
plane.
=Please
tell
me
the
reason
_______
___________
you
missed
the
plane.
注意：1.
一些特殊词之后的where
where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。
(1).
I’ve
come
to
the
point
where
I
can’t
stand
him.
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。
(2).
The
country
is
in
the
situation
where
a
war
will
break
out
at
any
time.
国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。
解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point,
situation,
part,
stage,
condition，position和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where
引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”
。
(1).We
are
trying
to
reach
a
point
____
both
sides
will
sit
down
together
and
talk.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
where
D.
when
(2).
---Do
you
have
anything
to
say
for
yourself
---Yes,
there’s
one
point
____
we
must
insist
on
.
A.
why
B.
where
C.
how
D.
/
2.
from
where
的用法
from
where实际上属于“介词+副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句，表示“从那里”，如：
He
stood
behind
the
curtain,
________
________
he
could
see
what
was
happening
outside.
他站在窗帘后面，从那里他可以看到外面正在发生的事。
五．定语从句的引导词的确定可以概括为：“三找两定一证”。
“三找”：找先行词→找定语从句→找定语从句的谓语动词；
“两定”：判定先行词与从句谓语动词的关系→确定关系代词或关系副词(兼顾人/物)。
“一证”：把定语从句还原成独立的句子，验证其句子结构的完整性。
1.
This
is
the
school_________________
I
visited
ten
years
ago.
2.
This
is
the
school_____________
I
worked
ten
years
ago.
3.
This
is
the
school
__________
has
a
good
reputation
in
and
out
of
China.
4.
This
is
the
school
__________
teaching
buildings
are
of
ancient
style.
5.
This
is
the
school
________________
I
visited
the
headmaster
ten
years
ago.
6.
This
is
the
school________________
I
worked
in
ten
years
ago.
六．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句：
The
teacher
told
me
that
Tom
was
the
only
person
that
I
could
depend
on.
非限制性定语从句：
China,
which
was
founded
in
1949,
is
becoming
more
and
more
powerful.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的六点区别
区别一：形式不同
是否逗号隔开
区别二：功能不同
句意是否完整或概念是否清楚
区别三：翻译不同
在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。
区别四：含义不同
I
have
a
sister
who
is
a
doctor.
我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)
I
have
a
sister,
who
is
a
doctor.
我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)
区别五：先行词不同
限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句。如：
Peter
drove
too
fast,
which
was
dangerous.
(which指__________________________)
He
changed
his
mind,
which
made
me
very
angry.
(which指____________________)
Mr.
Smith,
who
is
our
boss,
will
leave
for
Japan
next
week.
(先行词为_____________，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
Her
father,
who
has
a
lot
of
money,
wishes
her
to
study
abroad.
(先行词为表___________________普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
区别六：关系词不同
关系词_______和________可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律_______________。
难点分析
（一）限制性定语从句只能用that
的几种情况
1．当先行词是anything,
everything,
nothing
(something
除外),
few,
all,
none,
little,
some
等代词时，或者是由every,
any,
all,
some,
no,
little,
few,
much
等修饰时
(1)
Have
you
taken
down
everything
that
Mr.
Li
has
said
(2)
All
that
can
be
done
has
been
done.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
Any
man
that/.who
has
a
sense
of
duty
won't
do
such
a
thing.
2.
当先行词被__________修饰
The
first
place
that
they
visited
in
London
was
the
Big
Ben.
3.
当先行词被______________________修饰时
This
is
the
best
film
that
I
have
seen.
4.
当形容词被___________,
_________,
__________,
____________修饰时
This
is
the
very
dictionary
that
I
want
to
buy,
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
Wang
Hua
is
the
only
person
in
our
school
who
will
attend
the
meeting.
5.
当先行词前面有______________等疑问代词时
Who
is
the
man
that
is
standing
there
6.
当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
Can
you
remember
the
scientist
and
his
theory
that
we
have
learned
7.
当先行词在主句中作表语，而且关系代词在定语从句中也做表语时，
Shenzhen
is
no
longer
the
city
that
it
used
to
be.
主句是there
be
句型时，
修饰主语的定语从句用that不用which
There
is
a
seat
in
the
corner
that
is
still
free.
有两个定语从句时，
一个从句的关系代词已用which，另外一个要用that
The
country
built
up
a
factory
which
produces
things
that
have
never
been
seen
before.
练一练
1.
We
should
do
everything
_________
is
good
for
our
studies.
2.
You
can
take
any
seat
__________
is
free.
3.
This
is
the
only
thing_________
we
can
do.
4.
The
is
the
first
place
__________
I
want
to
visit.
5.
This
is
the
most
interesting
book
_________
I
have
ever
read.
6.
We
talked
about
the
things
and
persons
__________
we
were
interested
in.
7.
There
is
little
___________
I
can
do
to
make
up
for
the
lost
time.
8.
Our
school
is
no
longer
the
place
__________
it
used
to
be.
（二）关系代词as和which
引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1．as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
He
was
honest,
as/which
we
can
see.
2.
as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
(1)
As
is
known
to
all,
China
is
a
developing
country.
(2)
He
is
from
the
south,
as
we
can
see
from
his
accent.
(3)
John,
as
you
know,
is
a
famous
writer.
注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用_________
Tom
was
always
late
for
school,
which
made
his
teacher
angry.
3.
当先行次受such,
the
same修饰时，常用_______
(1)
I
have
never
heard
such
a
story
as
he
tells.
(2)
He
is
not
such
a
fool
as
he
looks.
(3)
This
is
the
same
book
as
I
lost
last
week.
注意：当先行次由the
same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as
所引导的定语从句意思不同
(4)
She
wore
the
same
dress
that
she
wore
at
Mary's
wedding.
她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5)
She
wore
the
same
dress
as
her
young
sister
wore.
她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
4.
在引导词＋be
＋done
结构中，只能用as
常见固定用法as
is
well
known,
as
is
often
the
case,
as
often
happens,
as
has
been
said
before,
as
has
been
pointed
out,
as
can
be
seen等常用as
The
material
resists
heat，__________
was
shown
in
the
experiment.
5.
从句内容为否定意义时，常用___________;
He
has
been
to
Paris
more
than
several
times,
which
I
don't
believe.
选用as
或which填空　
1.
Mother
usually
brings
fruits
to
my
classroom,
__________embarrasses
me
a
lot.
2.
The
air
show
being
held
in
Zhuhai
is
fantastic,
__________
can
be
seen.
3.
Some
American
troops
are
being
withdrawn
from
the
Middle
East,
__________
we
have
learnt
from
the
newspaper.
4.
__________
we
have
learnt
from
the
newspaper,
some
American
troops
are
being
withdrawn
from
the
Middle
East.
5.
The
young
lady
married
an
old
man
with
a
lot
of
money，__________
is
disgraceful.
6.
He
is
such
a
lazy
man________
nobody
wants
to
work
with.
7.
Jim
passed
the
driving
test,
__________
surprised
everybody
in
the
office.
以the
way为先行词的定语从句
the
way
做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语:
缺少主语或宾语:----引导词用______________________(缺宾语时)
主语宾语都不缺:-----引导词用_______________________
The
way
___________________________
he
answered
the
question
was
surprising.
The
way
_________________he
explained
to
us
was
quite
simple.
(四)
but
有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
(1)
There
are
very
few
but
understand
his
idea.
(
but=
who
don't
)
(五)
区分定语从句和同位语从句
1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是_________关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是______________的关系
(1)
The
typhoon
that
hit
Fujian
last
week
was
called
Meranti.
_________从句
(2)
The
fact
that
the
young
film
star
Qiao
Renliang
has
been
dead
is
mournful.
___________从句
2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由________引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,
where,
how,
why,
whether,
what等词引导，充当成分
(1)
The
news
he
told
me
is
true.
_________从句
(2)
The
problem
that
we
are
facing
now
is
how
we
can
collect
so
much
money.
_________从句
(3)
The
problem
how
we
can
collect
so
much
money
is
difficult
to
solve.
_________从句
3.
同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以
(1)
The
idea
that
we
could
ask
the
teacher
for
advice
is
wonderful.
同位语
→
The
idea
was
that
we
could
ask
the
teacher
for
advice.
(3)
The
fact
that
the
earth
moves
around
the
earth
is
known
to
all.
同位语
→
The
fact
is
that
the
earth
moves
around
the
earth.
(六)
区分定语从句和强调句
1.This
is
the
library_______I
borrowed
the
book.
2.It
is
from
this
library_______I
borrowed
the
book.
3.
---Where
did
you
last
see
Mr.
Smith
---It
was
in
the
hotel________
I
lived.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
where
D.
When
区分定语从句和表语从句
The
place
____
the
bridge
is
supposed
to
be
built
should
be_____
the
cross-river
traffic
is
the
heaviest.
A.
which;
where
B.
at
which;
which
C.
at
which;
where
D.
which;
in
which
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