素养测练(五) UNIT 3 Part 1
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.On the peak,she burst into tears, (释放) all her emotions.
2.Water is one of the materials required to (维持) life.
3.He (抓住) me by the arm,bursting into tears,unwilling to let me go.
4.The speed is (限制) to 30 mph in towns during the rush hours.
5.The meeting is being held in a (和谐的) atmosphere.
6.There is a general recognition of the urgent need for (改革).
7.He stood out in his school’s (每年的) sports meeting and got three gold medals.
8.Heavy snow has caused total (混乱) on the roads so do be careful when driving.
9.After more than one discussion,we finally make a (详尽的) plan.
10.There is a growing (趋势) towards healthy living.
答案:1.releasing 2.sustain 3.seized 4.restricted 5.harmonious 6.reform 7.annual 8.chaos 9.comprehensive 10.trend
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.The house should be (habitat) by the new year.
2.Once (release),the new edition of the dictionary will be popular.
3.We can enter this place without (restrict).
4.The creation of an efficient and (sustain) transport system is critical.
5.Host and guests (frequent) raised their glasses during the feast.
6.Animals know how to live (harmonious) in their natural environment.
7.They were threatened with (starve) when flood drowned their village.
8.Faced with those problems,the social (ecology) aims to construct a harmonious society.
9.Before he could run away,she seized him the arm.
10.He has submitted (him) to a search by the guard.
11.Kate gave a piano concert on behalf a charity.
12.The campaign is held (annual),making us keeping the history in mind.
13.The news will (broadcast) tonight and we will know the result then.
答案:1.habitable 2.released 3.restriction 4.sustainable 5.frequently 6.harmoniously 7.starvation 8.ecologist 9.by 10.himself 11.of 12.annually 13.be broadcast
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.我代表整个公司,对于那些参与研究的人员表达真诚的感谢。(on behalf of)
2.面对威胁,她拒不低头。(submit to)
3.每个人都渴望成功,但并不是每个人都能成功。(starve for)
4.他们将赢得这场比赛,这是毫无疑问的。(no doubt)
5.看到眼前的情景,她感到一阵恐惧。(be seized by)
答案:1.On behalf of the whole company,I express my sincere thanks to those who are involved in the research.
2.She refused to submit to threats.
3.Everyone starves for success but not everyone can succeed.
4.There is no doubt that they will win the match.
5.Seeing the scene before her,she was seized by a wave of terror.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Scientists have found something strange has been happening among sensitive bird species in the Brazilian Amazon in recent years.Not only were the birds declining in number,but their bodies were also shrinking in size.“We found that size was not only shrinking for those sensitive species—it was declining for everyone,”said researcher Vitek Jirinec of Louisiana State University.Jirinec’s findings are contained in a new study published in the journal Science Advances.
The study examined 77 species over a 40-year period,during which time the rainforest had become warmer.It found they were rapidly evolving perhaps because smaller birds remove heat more efficiently as they have more surface area in relation to volume.Brian Weeks of the University of Michigan explained it this way, “You could imagine lots of little ice cubes in a glass of water,as opposed to one big ice cube,and the little ice cubes melt faster because smaller things have larger surface area-to-volume ratios(比),so they exchange heat more quickly.”Weeks didn’t work on this particular study,but he did research the size of more than 50 species of migratory (迁徙的) birds in North America a few years back.He also found that nearly all of them were shrinking decade by decade.
The two studies strengthen the idea that birds all over the planet,migratory or not,may be changing shape due to a warming climate.Weeks said these sorts of changes should concern all of us.“All around the world,people depend on natural plete natural systems provide more economic benefits to humanity than the entirety of the world’s GDP,so they matter to you whether or not you know it,”Weeks said.Jirinec thought the timing of his paper’s publication could not be more fitting.The study came out on the same day as the conclusion of the UN climate change conference in Glasgow.So those results really stressed the common consequences of the actions for the planet.
( )1.What was a cause of the birds becoming smaller in size
A.The decrease of birds’ number.
B.The sensitiveness of birds.
C.A warming climate.
D.The development of birds.
( )2.How did Brian Weeks explain birds’ getting rid of heat
A.By example and comparison.
B.By analysing the data.
C.By giving enough evidence.
D.By observation and research.
( )3.Which of the following can best describe the findings of the two studies
A.Dangerous. B.Concerning.
C.Demanding. D.Fantastic.
( )4.What’s the purpose of the text
A.To introduce two studies.
B.To explain a natural phenomenon.
C.To praise the conference in Glasgow.
D.To make people focus on climate change.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。科学家发现,因为全球气候变暖,鸟类不仅数量在减少,而且身体也在缩小。文章主要介绍了科学家研究的过程以及呼吁我们应该重视这一现象。
答案及剖析:
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句可知,鸟类身体变小的原因是全球气候变暖。故选C。
2.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的“Brian Weeks of the University...so they exchange heat more quickly.”可知,Brian Weeks解释鸟散发热量是通过用水杯中冰块的大小来举例和对比的。故选A。
3.B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“Weeks said these sorts of...on natural systems.”可知,这两个研究是“令人担忧的”。故选B。
4.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“Complete natural systems provide...of the actions for the planet.”可知,文章主要讲述了鸟类的大小因人类活动发生了改变,从而劝诫人类应注意自己的行为给气候变化带来的影响。故选D。
B
Rising sea levels and the potential impacts to huge coastal populations worldwide rank near the top of concerns when it comes to outcome from an intensifying climate emergency.
But a lesser-known danger poses an equal or arguably more upcoming threat to millions around the world living at much higher altitudes: flooding from glacial lakes.
With average temperatures rising around the world in recent decades,a number of these lakes high above population centers in South America and Asia have become swollen and unstable as the reserves of snow and ice that feed them melt ever quicker.
For the first time,an international team of researchers has quantified this threat.It reports in a study published in the journal Nature Communications that 1.5 million people are in the path of potential floods from these bloated bodies of water.
“Understanding which areas face the greatest danger from glacial flooding will allow for more targeted and effective risk management actions,which in turn will help minimize loss of life and damage to infrastructure downstream,” co-author Rachel Carr,head of physical geography at Newcastle University,said in a statement.
A 1941 GLOF from Lake Palcacocha there killed thousands in the town of Huaraz below and largely inspired the beginning of research into the phenomenon.Dams and other infrastructure were put in place to ease off the threat from the lake in the 1970s,but its volume is now over 30 times greater,requiring new modifications to safely release water pressure.Other dangerous lakes nearby threaten smaller towns,where almost no mitigations (缓解方法) are in place to reduce the threat.
Lead researcher Caroline Taylor from Newcastle says the researchers also found that understanding the danger requires more than just counting lakes and measuring their volume.
“Instead,it is the number of people,their closeness to a glacial lake and importantly,their ability to cope with a flood that determines the potential danger from a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) event.”
( )5.What purpose does Paragraph 2 serve
A.To introduce a method.
B.To present the finding.
C.To explain the reason.
D.To demonstrate the result.
( )6.What does the underlined word “modifications” mean in Paragraph 5
A.Strict regulations.
B.Little investigations.
C.Public statements.
D.Proper adjustments.
( )7.What plays a leading role in resolving the flood danger
A.Counting lakes.
B.Coping with a flood.
C.Constructing more dams.
D.Measuring the volumes.
( )8.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Cope with a GLOF Event
B.Moderate Potential Floods
C.Threat from Climate Change Puts Millions at Risk
D.Global Warming Poses a Threat to the People along Coastlines
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要说明了气候变化导致的冰川湖泊洪水威胁到了高海拔地区数百万人的生命,文章解释了洪水泛滥的原因以及人们对此的看法。
答案及剖析:
5.C 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可推知,第二段的目的是解释洪水泛滥的原因,即全球平均气温的上升。故选C。
6.D 词义猜测题。根据第五段画线词所在句“Dams and other infrastructure...safely release water pressure.”可知,句中的but表示转折,说明在20世纪70年代,为了缓解来自湖泊的威胁,大坝和其他基础设施已经到位,但现在它的体积超过了30倍,需要新的调整来安全释放水压。故画线词意思是“合适的调整”。故选D。
7.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,应对洪水在解决洪水危险中起主导作用。故选B。
8.C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要说明了气候变化导致的冰川湖泊洪水威胁到了高海拔地区数百万人的生命,文章解释了洪水泛滥的原因以及人们对此的看法。因此,C项适合作本文标题。故选C。
C
The argument that human-caused carbon emissions (排放) are merely a drop in the bucket compared to greenhouse gases generated by volcanoes has been making its way around the rumour mill for years.And while it seems to be reasonable,the science just doesn’t back it up.
According to the US Geological Survey (USGS),the world’s volcanoes,both on land and undersea,generate about 200 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) annually,while our automotive and industrial activities cause some 24 billion tons of CO2 emissions every year worldwide.Despite the arguments to the contrary,the facts speak for themselves: Greenhouse gas emissions from volcanoes compose less than 1% of those generated by today’s human activities.
Another indication that human emissions surpass those of volcanoes is the fact that atmospheric CO2 levels,as measured by sampling stations around the world,have gone up consistently year after year regardless of whether or not there have been major volcanic eruptions in specific years.“If it were true that individual volcanic eruptions dominated human emissions and were causing the rise in carbon dioxide concentrations,then these carbon dioxide records would be full of spikes—one for each eruption,” says Coby Beck,a journalist writing for online environmental news.“Instead,such records show a smooth and regular trend.”
Furthermore,some scientists believe that volcanic eruptions,like that of Mt.St.Helens in 1980 and Mt.Pinatubo in 1991,actually lead to short-term global cooling,not warming,as sulfur dioxide (SO2),ash and other particles in the air and stratosphere(平流层) reflect some solar energy instead of letting it into Earth’s atmosphere.SO2,which converts to sulfuric acid aerosol,when it hits the stratosphere,can linger there for as long as seven years and can exercise a long cooling effect after a volcanic eruption has taken place.
Scientists tracking the effects of the major 1991 eruption of the Philippines’ Mt.Pinatubo found that the overall effect of the blast was to cool the surface of Earth globally by some 0.5 degrees Celsius a year later,even though rising human greenhouse gas emissions and an El Nino event caused some surface warming during the 19911993 study period.
In an interesting twist on the issue,British researchers published an article in the peer-reviewed scientific journal Nature showing how volcanic activity may be contributing to the melting of ice caps in Antarctica but not because of any emissions,natural or man-made.
Instead,scientists Hugh Corr and David Vaughan of the British Antarctic Survey believe that volcanoes underneath Antarctica may be melting the continents ice sheets from below,just as warming air temperatures from human-induced emissions erode them from above.
( )9.What is the argument according to Paragraph 1
A.Some people think their opinion is supported by science.
B.Some people think volcanoes generate most of the greenhouse gases.
C.Some people think human activities are to blame for greenhouse gases.
D.Some people think carbon emissions produced by volcanoes are increasing.
( )10.What does the underlined word “spikes” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Sudden increases.
B.Smooth trends.
C.Stable regularities.
D.Sharp declines.
( )11.What do the scientists mentioned in this passage believe about volcanic eruptions
A.They brought about global warming.
B.They actually partly cooled the surface of Earth.
C.They melted the ice sheets in Antarctic from above.
D.They dominated human emissions in greenhouse effect.
( )12.What is the purpose of the passage
A.To compare the results of the studies.
B.To contradict a view held by some people.
C.To present new findings for greenhouse phenomenon.
D.To report the effects of CO2 in greenhouse phenomenon.
语篇导读:本文是议论文。文章用事实来反驳多年来人们认为火山产生了大部分温室气体的观点。证实了火山爆发不仅没让地球变暖,而且在一定程度上对地球表面起到了冷却作用,从而使全球温度下降。
答案及剖析:
9.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的第一句可推断出,一些人认为是火山产生了大部分温室气体。故选B。
10.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文内容可知,如果个别火山爆发所产生的二氧化碳高于人类活动释放的二氧化碳,那么每一次火山爆发时关于二氧化碳的记录都会充满spikes;相反的是,记录显示二氧化碳浓度的增加是“平稳而有规律的”。 Instead表示转折,表示前后意思相反。那么,spikes应该就是与之不同的“突然的增加”,所以A项符合题意。故选A。
11.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“some scientists believe that...short-term global cooling,
not warming”可知,火山爆发实际上在一定程度上冷却了地球表面。故选B。
12.B 推理判断题。本文第一段提出人们普遍的看法,接着下文对此进行批判的同时提出了新的发现,反驳了某些人的观点。因此这篇文章的目的是反驳一些人所持的观点。
故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
Helping the environment and protecting our resources are very important activities.1. There are several ways that you can help protect this planet we call home.
Use reusable bags.Plastic bags that get thrown out end up in landfills or in other parts of the environment.2. Also,it takes decades for the bags to decompose(分解).Therefore,
whether you are shopping for food,clothes or books,use a reusable bag.This cuts down on litter and prevents animals from getting hold of them.
3. Instead of buying individually packaged drinks,consider buying a reusable water bottle.Not only will this help protect the environment,but it will also help you save money.A lot of coffee shops even offer a discount to customers who use a reusable container for their drinks.
Save electricity.Use energy-efficient light bulbs(灯泡) instead of regular bulbs.4. What’s more,make sure you turn off lights,the TV,and other devices when you are not using them.Turn off your air conditioning or heat when it’s not necessary.This is especially true as the seasons change.Open your windows in the early fall or put on more clothes in the early winter.
Save water.More water is wasted than we realise.Turn off the water tap when you are brushing your teeth.Don’t turn your shower on until you’re ready to get in and wash your hair.Limit your water usage as you wash dishes.
5.
A.Use reusable drink containers.
B.Use the air conditioning less often.
C.And students without doubt can make a difference.
D.They last longer,which will save you a bit of money.
E.Everyone should take measures to fight against the water pollution.
F.These can kill animals who get stuck in them or mistake them for food.
G.Developing these habits will be good for both the environment and your wallet.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要说明了我们应该如何保护环境,节约资源。
答案及剖析:
1.C 根据上文“Helping the environment...important activities.”和下文提出的一些保护环境和资源的方法可知,此处应该是说明谁来保护环境和资源,所以C项符合语境。故选C。
2.F 根据下文“Also,it takes decades...to decompose.”可推断,设空处也应说明使用塑料袋的坏处,F项符合题意,选项中的These指代上文的Plastic bags。故选F。
3.A 根据本段设空处后内容可知,本段主要是建议使用可重复使用的水容器,所以A项符合语境。故选A。
4.D 根据上文可推断,本段讲的是使用节能灯泡的好处,D项承接上文,选项中的They指代上文的energy-efficient light bulbs。故选D。
5.G 根据上文可知,此处是对上文的总结,所以G项符合语境。故选G。
Ⅲ.语法填空
It is 1. (common) known that the emission (排放) of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases causes great effect on our planet.To control climate change,great efforts 2. (make) across the world in the past few decades.In 1978,China began 3. national-level forestation project—the Three-North Shelter Forest Programme,also 4. (know) as the “Great Green Wall”.The programme has seen trees planted in 13 provinces and autonomous regions of northern China to act 5. windbreaks (防风林).The Kubuqi Desert in Inner Mongolia has also set a good example to those 6. (struggle) against desertification (沙漠化).Now about 33% of the Kubuqi Desert is covered with trees and bushes.
In September 2020,China set new goals 7. (deal) with the problem,aiming to have carbon dioxide emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality (碳中和) before 2060.Carbon neutrality 8. (refer) to achieving zero carbon dioxide emissions.
If China’s goal is achieved,it will lower 9. (globe) warming by around 0.2 to 0.3 ℃ alone,according to Climate Action Tracker (CAT).It is the biggest single reduction 10. has been estimated by CAT.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国在控制气候变化方面作的努力。
答案及剖析:
1.commonly 考查副词。分析句子可知,此设空处应用副词修饰谓语动词is known。故填commonly。
2.have been made 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知,此设空处应填谓语动词,由“in the past few decades”可知,时态应用现在完成时,且主语great efforts与make为被动关系。故填have been made。
3.a 考查冠词。分析可知,project意为“项目”,是可数名词,此处为泛指,应用不定冠词修饰,且national-level以辅音音素开头。故填a。
4.known 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此设空处应填非谓语动词,且the Three-North Shelter Forest Programme和know为被动关系,应用过去分词作定语。故填known。
5.as 考查介词。分析可知,act as意为“充当”,为固定搭配,符合此处的用法。故填as。
6.struggling 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此设空处应填非谓语动词,且those和struggle为主动关系,所以此处应用现在分词作定语。故填struggling。
7.to deal 考查动词不定式。分析句子并根据句意可知,这里应填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to deal。
8.refers 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知,此设空处应填谓语动词,且在陈述客观事实,所以应用一般现在时,且主语Carbon neutrality和refer to为主动关系。故填refers。
9.global 考查形容词。分析句子可知,此设空处应填形容词修饰后面名词warming。故填global。
10.that 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词为 single reduction,从句缺少主语,且先行词由最高级biggest修饰,只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。素养测练(五) UNIT 3 Part 1
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.On the peak,she burst into tears, (释放) all her emotions.
2.Water is one of the materials required to (维持) life.
3.He (抓住) me by the arm,bursting into tears,unwilling to let me go.
4.The speed is (限制) to 30 mph in towns during the rush hours.
5.The meeting is being held in a (和谐的) atmosphere.
6.There is a general recognition of the urgent need for (改革).
7.He stood out in his school’s (每年的) sports meeting and got three gold medals.
8.Heavy snow has caused total (混乱) on the roads so do be careful when driving.
9.After more than one discussion,we finally make a (详尽的) plan.
10.There is a growing (趋势) towards healthy living.
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.The house should be (habitat) by the new year.
2.Once (release),the new edition of the dictionary will be popular.
3.We can enter this place without (restrict).
4.The creation of an efficient and (sustain) transport system is critical.
5.Host and guests (frequent) raised their glasses during the feast.
6.Animals know how to live (harmonious) in their natural environment.
7.They were threatened with (starve) when flood drowned their village.
8.Faced with those problems,the social (ecology) aims to construct a harmonious society.
9.Before he could run away,she seized him the arm.
10.He has submitted (him) to a search by the guard.
11.Kate gave a piano concert on behalf a charity.
12.The campaign is held (annual),making us keeping the history in mind.
13.The news will (broadcast) tonight and we will know the result then.
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.我代表整个公司,对于那些参与研究的人员表达真诚的感谢。(on behalf of)
2.面对威胁,她拒不低头。(submit to)
3.每个人都渴望成功,但并不是每个人都能成功。(starve for)
4.他们将赢得这场比赛,这是毫无疑问的。(no doubt)
5.看到眼前的情景,她感到一阵恐惧。(be seized by)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Scientists have found something strange has been happening among sensitive bird species in the Brazilian Amazon in recent years.Not only were the birds declining in number,but their bodies were also shrinking in size.“We found that size was not only shrinking for those sensitive species—it was declining for everyone,”said researcher Vitek Jirinec of Louisiana State University.Jirinec’s findings are contained in a new study published in the journal Science Advances.
The study examined 77 species over a 40-year period,during which time the rainforest had become warmer.It found they were rapidly evolving perhaps because smaller birds remove heat more efficiently as they have more surface area in relation to volume.Brian Weeks of the University of Michigan explained it this way, “You could imagine lots of little ice cubes in a glass of water,as opposed to one big ice cube,and the little ice cubes melt faster because smaller things have larger surface area-to-volume ratios(比),so they exchange heat more quickly.”Weeks didn’t work on this particular study,but he did research the size of more than 50 species of migratory (迁徙的) birds in North America a few years back.He also found that nearly all of them were shrinking decade by decade.
The two studies strengthen the idea that birds all over the planet,migratory or not,may be changing shape due to a warming climate.Weeks said these sorts of changes should concern all of us.“All around the world,people depend on natural plete natural systems provide more economic benefits to humanity than the entirety of the world’s GDP,so they matter to you whether or not you know it,”Weeks said.Jirinec thought the timing of his paper’s publication could not be more fitting.The study came out on the same day as the conclusion of the UN climate change conference in Glasgow.So those results really stressed the common consequences of the actions for the planet.
( )1.What was a cause of the birds becoming smaller in size
A.The decrease of birds’ number.
B.The sensitiveness of birds.
C.A warming climate.
D.The development of birds.
( )2.How did Brian Weeks explain birds’ getting rid of heat
A.By example and comparison.
B.By analysing the data.
C.By giving enough evidence.
D.By observation and research.
( )3.Which of the following can best describe the findings of the two studies
A.Dangerous. B.Concerning.
C.Demanding. D.Fantastic.
( )4.What’s the purpose of the text
A.To introduce two studies.
B.To explain a natural phenomenon.
C.To praise the conference in Glasgow.
D.To make people focus on climate change.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。科学家发现,因为全球气候变暖,鸟类不仅数量在减少,而且身体也在缩小。文章主要介绍了科学家研究的过程以及呼吁我们应该重视这一现象。
B
Rising sea levels and the potential impacts to huge coastal populations worldwide rank near the top of concerns when it comes to outcome from an intensifying climate emergency.
But a lesser-known danger poses an equal or arguably more upcoming threat to millions around the world living at much higher altitudes: flooding from glacial lakes.
With average temperatures rising around the world in recent decades,a number of these lakes high above population centers in South America and Asia have become swollen and unstable as the reserves of snow and ice that feed them melt ever quicker.
For the first time,an international team of researchers has quantified this threat.It reports in a study published in the journal Nature Communications that 1.5 million people are in the path of potential floods from these bloated bodies of water.
“Understanding which areas face the greatest danger from glacial flooding will allow for more targeted and effective risk management actions,which in turn will help minimize loss of life and damage to infrastructure downstream,” co-author Rachel Carr,head of physical geography at Newcastle University,said in a statement.
A 1941 GLOF from Lake Palcacocha there killed thousands in the town of Huaraz below and largely inspired the beginning of research into the phenomenon.Dams and other infrastructure were put in place to ease off the threat from the lake in the 1970s,but its volume is now over 30 times greater,requiring new modifications to safely release water pressure.Other dangerous lakes nearby threaten smaller towns,where almost no mitigations (缓解方法) are in place to reduce the threat.
Lead researcher Caroline Taylor from Newcastle says the researchers also found that understanding the danger requires more than just counting lakes and measuring their volume.
“Instead,it is the number of people,their closeness to a glacial lake and importantly,their ability to cope with a flood that determines the potential danger from a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) event.”
( )5.What purpose does Paragraph 2 serve
A.To introduce a method.
B.To present the finding.
C.To explain the reason.
D.To demonstrate the result.
( )6.What does the underlined word “modifications” mean in Paragraph 5
A.Strict regulations.
B.Little investigations.
C.Public statements.
D.Proper adjustments.
( )7.What plays a leading role in resolving the flood danger
A.Counting lakes.
B.Coping with a flood.
C.Constructing more dams.
D.Measuring the volumes.
( )8.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Cope with a GLOF Event
B.Moderate Potential Floods
C.Threat from Climate Change Puts Millions at Risk
D.Global Warming Poses a Threat to the People along Coastlines
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要说明了气候变化导致的冰川湖泊洪水威胁到了高海拔地区数百万人的生命,文章解释了洪水泛滥的原因以及人们对此的看法。
C
The argument that human-caused carbon emissions (排放) are merely a drop in the bucket compared to greenhouse gases generated by volcanoes has been making its way around the rumour mill for years.And while it seems to be reasonable,the science just doesn’t back it up.
According to the US Geological Survey (USGS),the world’s volcanoes,both on land and undersea,generate about 200 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) annually,while our automotive and industrial activities cause some 24 billion tons of CO2 emissions every year worldwide.Despite the arguments to the contrary,the facts speak for themselves: Greenhouse gas emissions from volcanoes compose less than 1% of those generated by today’s human activities.
Another indication that human emissions surpass those of volcanoes is the fact that atmospheric CO2 levels,as measured by sampling stations around the world,have gone up consistently year after year regardless of whether or not there have been major volcanic eruptions in specific years.“If it were true that individual volcanic eruptions dominated human emissions and were causing the rise in carbon dioxide concentrations,then these carbon dioxide records would be full of spikes—one for each eruption,” says Coby Beck,a journalist writing for online environmental news.“Instead,such records show a smooth and regular trend.”
Furthermore,some scientists believe that volcanic eruptions,like that of Mt.St.Helens in 1980 and Mt.Pinatubo in 1991,actually lead to short-term global cooling,not warming,as sulfur dioxide (SO2),ash and other particles in the air and stratosphere(平流层) reflect some solar energy instead of letting it into Earth’s atmosphere.SO2,which converts to sulfuric acid aerosol,when it hits the stratosphere,can linger there for as long as seven years and can exercise a long cooling effect after a volcanic eruption has taken place.
Scientists tracking the effects of the major 1991 eruption of the Philippines’ Mt.Pinatubo found that the overall effect of the blast was to cool the surface of Earth globally by some 0.5 degrees Celsius a year later,even though rising human greenhouse gas emissions and an El Nino event caused some surface warming during the 19911993 study period.
In an interesting twist on the issue,British researchers published an article in the peer-reviewed scientific journal Nature showing how volcanic activity may be contributing to the melting of ice caps in Antarctica but not because of any emissions,natural or man-made.
Instead,scientists Hugh Corr and David Vaughan of the British Antarctic Survey believe that volcanoes underneath Antarctica may be melting the continents ice sheets from below,just as warming air temperatures from human-induced emissions erode them from above.
( )9.What is the argument according to Paragraph 1
A.Some people think their opinion is supported by science.
B.Some people think volcanoes generate most of the greenhouse gases.
C.Some people think human activities are to blame for greenhouse gases.
D.Some people think carbon emissions produced by volcanoes are increasing.
( )10.What does the underlined word “spikes” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Sudden increases.
B.Smooth trends.
C.Stable regularities.
D.Sharp declines.
( )11.What do the scientists mentioned in this passage believe about volcanic eruptions
A.They brought about global warming.
B.They actually partly cooled the surface of Earth.
C.They melted the ice sheets in Antarctic from above.
D.They dominated human emissions in greenhouse effect.
( )12.What is the purpose of the passage
A.To compare the results of the studies.
B.To contradict a view held by some people.
C.To present new findings for greenhouse phenomenon.
D.To report the effects of CO2 in greenhouse phenomenon.
语篇导读:本文是议论文。文章用事实来反驳多年来人们认为火山产生了大部分温室气体的观点。证实了火山爆发不仅没让地球变暖,而且在一定程度上对地球表面起到了冷却作用,从而使全球温度下降。
Ⅱ.七选五
Helping the environment and protecting our resources are very important activities.1. There are several ways that you can help protect this planet we call home.
Use reusable bags.Plastic bags that get thrown out end up in landfills or in other parts of the environment.2. Also,it takes decades for the bags to decompose(分解).Therefore,
whether you are shopping for food,clothes or books,use a reusable bag.This cuts down on litter and prevents animals from getting hold of them.
3. Instead of buying individually packaged drinks,consider buying a reusable water bottle.Not only will this help protect the environment,but it will also help you save money.A lot of coffee shops even offer a discount to customers who use a reusable container for their drinks.
Save electricity.Use energy-efficient light bulbs(灯泡) instead of regular bulbs.4. What’s more,make sure you turn off lights,the TV,and other devices when you are not using them.Turn off your air conditioning or heat when it’s not necessary.This is especially true as the seasons change.Open your windows in the early fall or put on more clothes in the early winter.
Save water.More water is wasted than we realise.Turn off the water tap when you are brushing your teeth.Don’t turn your shower on until you’re ready to get in and wash your hair.Limit your water usage as you wash dishes.
5.
A.Use reusable drink containers.
B.Use the air conditioning less often.
C.And students without doubt can make a difference.
D.They last longer,which will save you a bit of money.
E.Everyone should take measures to fight against the water pollution.
F.These can kill animals who get stuck in them or mistake them for food.
G.Developing these habits will be good for both the environment and your wallet.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要说明了我们应该如何保护环境,节约资源。
Ⅲ.语法填空
It is 1. (common) known that the emission (排放) of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases causes great effect on our planet.To control climate change,great efforts 2. (make) across the world in the past few decades.In 1978,China began 3. national-level forestation project—the Three-North Shelter Forest Programme,also 4. (know) as the “Great Green Wall”.The programme has seen trees planted in 13 provinces and autonomous regions of northern China to act 5. windbreaks (防风林).The Kubuqi Desert in Inner Mongolia has also set a good example to those 6. (struggle) against desertification (沙漠化).Now about 33% of the Kubuqi Desert is covered with trees and bushes.
In September 2020,China set new goals 7. (deal) with the problem,aiming to have carbon dioxide emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality (碳中和) before 2060.Carbon neutrality 8. (refer) to achieving zero carbon dioxide emissions.
If China’s goal is achieved,it will lower 9. (globe) warming by around 0.2 to 0.3 ℃ alone,according to Climate Action Tracker (CAT).It is the biggest single reduction 10. has been estimated by CAT.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国在控制气候变化方面作的努力。素养测练(六) UNIT 3 Part 2
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Urgent steps should be taken to (恢复) this river’s original beauty.
2.There is a need for the (保护) of trees,or there will soon be no forests.
3.The police (罚款) me for driving too fast.
4.When egg whites are beaten they can rise to seven or eight times their original (量).
5.We are told from an early age that (垃圾) should be thrown away in the dustbin.
6.The same may happen with the sharing economy,which also provides new opportunities for
(企业).
7.The head went on a tour of (检查) of all the classrooms.
8.To be frank,I couldn’t (忍受) his talking in such a rude manner.
9.I am more than happy to lend my name to this (运动).
10.I suggest we skip to the last item on the (议事日程).
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.We should attach importance to the (conserve) of our cultural relics.
2.I owe the (restore) of my hearing to this remarkable new technique.
3.Engineers carried out a thorough (inspect) of the track.
4.There are rumours in the air that dozens people were dead in the fire.
5.Governments and (enterprise) should take the lead in bettering the environment.
6.Understanding,love and (tolerate) are the first three essentials that come to an authentic friendship.
7.She (fine) $300 and banned from driving for one month.
8.Despite a range of measures taken over the years,the air here still remains (smog).
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.众所周知,光污染会对所有生物有不好的影响。(have effects on)
2.许多新的主题咖啡馆似乎改变了这种局面。(dozens of)
3.我们不得不总在外面吃饭,最终花了很多钱。(end up)
4.据悉,这座城堡建于16世纪。(It is believed that)
5.他们没有办法处理掉自己制造的有害废料。(dispose of)
Ⅳ.句型转换
1.The tour guide Anna said,“I am very happy to help you.”
2.“Please open the window,” the teacher said to Li Ming.
3.My sister asked me,“How do you like the film ”
4.“I’ll come and see you again this evening,Tim,” he said.
5.Mother said to her daughter,“Are you satisfied with your new room ”
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
China has seen significant achievements in improving the environment and green development over the past few decades,especially in fighting against desertification (沙漠化).
Desertification was a serious problem in the 1990s.It caused deadly sandstorms,which arrived like big black walls reaching up into the sky.We should know that clear waters and lush (繁茂的) mountains are invaluable assets (资产).Efforts to create “green” areas have played a crucial role in the country’s fight against desertification.
A series of campaigns have been conducted by the central government to improve the environment.For example,in 1998,China launched the Natural Forest Protection Programme.
Thanks to the programme,forest coverage in China increased greatly from about 12% in the 1980s to over 24% in 2022.
Another example of the campaign is a group,which has been recognised by the UN for the development of a desert eco-industry that has slowed desertification.
In Kubuqi,a desert in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,more than600,000 hectares of land has been greened,which helped more than 102,000 people earn more money through the development of solar energy and tourism,as well as planting herbs for traditional Chinese medicine.
In addition,the group’s techniques have also been used in many important ecological programmes,including Yangtze River Ecological Park and Qilian Mountain National Park.
“We will develop new ways to improve our ability to control the sand with the help of modern technologies,such as drones (无人机),AI,big data and the Internet of Things,” said a manager of this group.
( )1.What is the key measure to fight against desertification
A.Building walls to block sands.
B.Increasing green plants.
C.Turning to the UN for help.
D.Keeping mountains natural.
( )2.What is the effect of the Natural Forest Protection Programme
A.The environment in China has become satisfactory.
B.Similar new campaigns will be carried out by China.
C.No more trees need to be planted in our country.
D.More areas in China are covered with forest.
( )3.What do we know about the group referred in the fourth paragraph according to the passage
A.Its main aim was to help local people earn more money.
B.It made Kubuqi become a centre for planting herbs.
C.It got inspiration from many ecological programmes.
D.It will apply modern technologies to fight against desertification.
( )4.What is a suitable title for the passage
A.Desert Clothed with Green Through China’s Efforts
B.Environmental Problems Solved by Planting More Trees
C.Great Contributions Made by a Group to the Environment
D.Advanced Science and Technology Applied in China
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了在过去的几十年里,中国积极采取措施防治沙漠化并取得了显著的成就。
B
Near the edge of the Arctic region of Canada,the short summer is rapidly disappearing.
The sun is pale,and the brief days of fall are being chased away by a constant cold wind from the north.It’s an icy cold region in which few animals or plants can survive.
One animal,though,actually grows strong in these freezing,lonely surroundings: the polar bear.Winter has the perfect weather for the huge white bear.According to Cam Elliot of the governmental group called Manitoba Conservation,polar bears are built for winter.These warm-blooded mammals spend most of their life on frozen seas,so they have adjusted to be able to handle the cold weather.Their thick fur protects them from the freezing winds.They have short tails and tiny ears,both of which help reduce heat loss.The heavy layer of fat helps to protect the animals from the cold and allows them to live for long periods of time without eating.
What is especially attractive in polar bears in terms of conservation (保护) is that it is an umbrella species.No other animals hunt the polar bear.Because of their status as “top killers”,
scientists feel that the health of polar bears parallel (平行的) directly with the health of the environment.Global warming may be affecting the ice patterns,which are critical for the survival of the polar bear.
Anything in the global climate that would affect the stability or the length of the time that the ice is on Hudson Bay or the Arctic waters,is going to have immediate impact on them.
When the ice melts early,the bears may lose one month of hunting opportunities,which can have major effects on their ability to find enough food.Another issue with the situation is that when we develop any consideration for measures for polar bears,we are also protecting the entire ecosystem.That is to say,by making the changes needed to keep this umbrella species alive,the world will save any number of animals that have the same environmental requirements.
( )5.What makes polar bears particularly suited to the extreme weather there
A.Determination.
B.Short tails and large ears.
C.The ability of adaptation.
D.The thin layer of fat.
( )6.What can we learn from the text
A.The Arctic has a relatively long autumn.
B.The ice pattern plays a key role in the survival of the polar bear.
C.Polar bears are hurting more and more other small animals.
D.The earlier melting of the ice may do good to small animals.
( )7.Why is the polar bear called “umbrella species”
A.Because they can provide shelter for other species.
B.Because they are very strong.
C.Because they are large killers.
D.Because they are at the top of the food chain.
( )8.What is the author’s attitude to polar bear preservation
A.Favourable. B.Uncaring.
C.Unclear. D.Doubtful.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了气候变化对北极熊有很大的影响。保护北极熊也就是保护整个生态系统。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Leila Taheri used to go to the Welsh Harp wetland as a schoolgirl.At that time,the 160-hectare nature 1 was home to various birds,also Taheri’s perfect playground.She
2 played baseball there,forgetting to go home.
In August 2020,37-year-old Taheri 3 the wetland and the kind of dump-like (垃圾场般的) surroundings 4 Taheri.Because of pollution,bird populations had been
5 .To make things worse,the nearby residents paid little attention to the wetland.
A strong 6 to do something controlled her.Taheri decided to begin with a litter pick.She 7 her neighbours to join in.In one month,they 8 70 bags of rubbish.
Then,Taheri expanded the work into more general environmental activism. 9 monthly litter picks,they also worked with some bird protection organisations.Currently,they are trying to 10 a planned bridge across the wetland,for it will destroy birds’ habitat despite the advantage of 11 the locals a few minutes’ walk.
Taheri’s efforts 12 .More and more locals are now more environmentally 13 ,
more involved,and have come to see the value of her work.She makes a real 14 not only to the Welsh Harp,but for the wider community.Just as Taheri says,“Don’t stand 15 ,do something about it.”
( )1.A.camp B.port
C.wonderland D.reserve
( )2.A.definitely B.eventually
C.frequently D.absolutely
( )3.A.rediscovered B.reflected
C.rebuilt D.registered
( )4.A.attracted B.embarrassed
C.excited D.shocked
( )5.A.doubling B.dropping
C.disappearing D.recovering
( )6.A.shame B.doubt
C.desire D.fear
( )7.A.invited B.promised
C.ordered D.taught
( )8.A.provided B.replaced
C.spotted D.collected
( )9.A.Due to B.Apart from
C.As for D.Instead of
( )10.A.block B.tailor
C.design D.preserve
( )11.A.permitting B.saving
C.sparing D.taking
( )12.A.went out B.ran out
C.paid off D.took off
( )13.A.aware B.demanding
C.anxious D.generous
( )14.A.advance B.difference
C.decision D.response
( )15.A.straight B.alone
C.fast D.still
语篇导读:本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Leila Taheri小时候经常在Welsh Harp湿地玩耍,长大后再去湿地时发现那里污染严重,满地垃圾。于是她从捡垃圾开始,致力于保护湿地的环境,最终她的努力得到回报,越来越多的当地人意识到了保护环境的重要性。
[文章脉络]
Ⅲ.写作训练
假设你是李华,是学校的学生会主席,你校即将开展为期一个月的“环保节(the Environmental Protection Festival)”活动,请你在学校的英文报上对全体学生发出倡议,号召大家积极参加这个活动。内容包括:
1.活动的目的和意义。
2.活动的主要内容。
3.发出号召。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear fellows,
The Students’ Union素养测练(六) UNIT 3 Part 2
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Urgent steps should be taken to (恢复) this river’s original beauty.
2.There is a need for the (保护) of trees,or there will soon be no forests.
3.The police (罚款) me for driving too fast.
4.When egg whites are beaten they can rise to seven or eight times their original (量).
5.We are told from an early age that (垃圾) should be thrown away in the dustbin.
6.The same may happen with the sharing economy,which also provides new opportunities for
(企业).
7.The head went on a tour of (检查) of all the classrooms.
8.To be frank,I couldn’t (忍受) his talking in such a rude manner.
9.I am more than happy to lend my name to this (运动).
10.I suggest we skip to the last item on the (议事日程).
答案:1.restore 2.conservation 3.fined 4.volume 5.garbage 6.enterprises
7.inspection 8.tolerate 9.campaign 10.agenda
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.We should attach importance to the (conserve) of our cultural relics.
2.I owe the (restore) of my hearing to this remarkable new technique.
3.Engineers carried out a thorough (inspect) of the track.
4.There are rumours in the air that dozens people were dead in the fire.
5.Governments and (enterprise) should take the lead in bettering the environment.
6.Understanding,love and (tolerate) are the first three essentials that come to an authentic friendship.
7.She (fine) $300 and banned from driving for one month.
8.Despite a range of measures taken over the years,the air here still remains (smog).
答案:1.conservation 2.restoration 3.inspection
4.of 5.enterprises 6.tolerance 7.was fined 8.smoggy
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.众所周知,光污染会对所有生物有不好的影响。(have effects on)
2.许多新的主题咖啡馆似乎改变了这种局面。(dozens of)
3.我们不得不总在外面吃饭,最终花了很多钱。(end up)
4.据悉,这座城堡建于16世纪。(It is believed that)
5.他们没有办法处理掉自己制造的有害废料。(dispose of)
答案:1.Light pollution has been known to have bad effects on all living creatures.
2.Dozens of new theme cafés appear to change the situation.
3.We had to eat out all the time,which ended up costing a lot of money.
4.It is believed that the castle was built in the 16th century.
5.They have no way to dispose of the harmful waste they produce.
Ⅳ.句型转换
1.The tour guide Anna said,“I am very happy to help you.”
2.“Please open the window,” the teacher said to Li Ming.
3.My sister asked me,“How do you like the film ”
4.“I’ll come and see you again this evening,Tim,” he said.
5.Mother said to her daughter,“Are you satisfied with your new room ”
答案:1.The tour guide Anna said (that) she was very happy to help me.
2.The teacher asked Li Ming to open the window.
3.My sister asked me how I liked the film.
4.He told Tim that he would go and see him again that evening.
5.Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
China has seen significant achievements in improving the environment and green development over the past few decades,especially in fighting against desertification (沙漠化).
Desertification was a serious problem in the 1990s.It caused deadly sandstorms,which arrived like big black walls reaching up into the sky.We should know that clear waters and lush (繁茂的) mountains are invaluable assets (资产).Efforts to create “green” areas have played a crucial role in the country’s fight against desertification.
A series of campaigns have been conducted by the central government to improve the environment.For example,in 1998,China launched the Natural Forest Protection Programme.
Thanks to the programme,forest coverage in China increased greatly from about 12% in the 1980s to over 24% in 2022.
Another example of the campaign is a group,which has been recognised by the UN for the development of a desert eco-industry that has slowed desertification.
In Kubuqi,a desert in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,more than600,000 hectares of land has been greened,which helped more than 102,000 people earn more money through the development of solar energy and tourism,as well as planting herbs for traditional Chinese medicine.
In addition,the group’s techniques have also been used in many important ecological programmes,including Yangtze River Ecological Park and Qilian Mountain National Park.
“We will develop new ways to improve our ability to control the sand with the help of modern technologies,such as drones (无人机),AI,big data and the Internet of Things,” said a manager of this group.
( )1.What is the key measure to fight against desertification
A.Building walls to block sands.
B.Increasing green plants.
C.Turning to the UN for help.
D.Keeping mountains natural.
( )2.What is the effect of the Natural Forest Protection Programme
A.The environment in China has become satisfactory.
B.Similar new campaigns will be carried out by China.
C.No more trees need to be planted in our country.
D.More areas in China are covered with forest.
( )3.What do we know about the group referred in the fourth paragraph according to the passage
A.Its main aim was to help local people earn more money.
B.It made Kubuqi become a centre for planting herbs.
C.It got inspiration from many ecological programmes.
D.It will apply modern technologies to fight against desertification.
( )4.What is a suitable title for the passage
A.Desert Clothed with Green Through China’s Efforts
B.Environmental Problems Solved by Planting More Trees
C.Great Contributions Made by a Group to the Environment
D.Advanced Science and Technology Applied in China
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了在过去的几十年里,中国积极采取措施防治沙漠化并取得了显著的成就。
答案及剖析:
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,创建“绿色”区域在中国防治沙漠化的斗争中发挥了关键作用。故选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,多亏了天然林资源保护工程,中国的森林覆盖率有了较大幅度的增长。故选D。
3.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知,这个小组将采用无人机、人工智能、大数据和物联网等现代技术来防治沙漠化。故选D。
4.A 标题归纳题。通读全文,尤其是结合文章第一段的内容可知,文章主要介绍了中国在治理沙漠化方面的显著成果。A项符合题意,适合作文章标题。故选A。
B
Near the edge of the Arctic region of Canada,the short summer is rapidly disappearing.
The sun is pale,and the brief days of fall are being chased away by a constant cold wind from the north.It’s an icy cold region in which few animals or plants can survive.
One animal,though,actually grows strong in these freezing,lonely surroundings: the polar bear.Winter has the perfect weather for the huge white bear.According to Cam Elliot of the governmental group called Manitoba Conservation,polar bears are built for winter.These warm-blooded mammals spend most of their life on frozen seas,so they have adjusted to be able to handle the cold weather.Their thick fur protects them from the freezing winds.They have short tails and tiny ears,both of which help reduce heat loss.The heavy layer of fat helps to protect the animals from the cold and allows them to live for long periods of time without eating.
What is especially attractive in polar bears in terms of conservation (保护) is that it is an umbrella species.No other animals hunt the polar bear.Because of their status as “top killers”,
scientists feel that the health of polar bears parallel (平行的) directly with the health of the environment.Global warming may be affecting the ice patterns,which are critical for the survival of the polar bear.
Anything in the global climate that would affect the stability or the length of the time that the ice is on Hudson Bay or the Arctic waters,is going to have immediate impact on them.
When the ice melts early,the bears may lose one month of hunting opportunities,which can have major effects on their ability to find enough food.Another issue with the situation is that when we develop any consideration for measures for polar bears,we are also protecting the entire ecosystem.That is to say,by making the changes needed to keep this umbrella species alive,the world will save any number of animals that have the same environmental requirements.
( )5.What makes polar bears particularly suited to the extreme weather there
A.Determination.
B.Short tails and large ears.
C.The ability of adaptation.
D.The thin layer of fat.
( )6.What can we learn from the text
A.The Arctic has a relatively long autumn.
B.The ice pattern plays a key role in the survival of the polar bear.
C.Polar bears are hurting more and more other small animals.
D.The earlier melting of the ice may do good to small animals.
( )7.Why is the polar bear called “umbrella species”
A.Because they can provide shelter for other species.
B.Because they are very strong.
C.Because they are large killers.
D.Because they are at the top of the food chain.
( )8.What is the author’s attitude to polar bear preservation
A.Favourable. B.Uncaring.
C.Unclear. D.Doubtful.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了气候变化对北极熊有很大的影响。保护北极熊也就是保护整个生态系统。
答案及剖析:
5.C 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Their thick fur protects them...time without eating.”可知,北极熊厚厚的皮毛、厚重的脂肪、短尾巴和小耳朵都有助于它们适应寒冷的天气,故北极熊的适应能力使它们能特别适应那里的极端天气。故选C。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,冰的形态对北极熊的生存起着关键作用。故选B。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知,北极熊被称为“保护伞物种”是因为没有其他动物捕食北极熊,即它们处于食物链的顶端。故选D。
8.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Another issue with the situation...the same environmental requirements.”可推知,作者对保护北极熊持支持态度。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Leila Taheri used to go to the Welsh Harp wetland as a schoolgirl.At that time,the 160-hectare nature 1 was home to various birds,also Taheri’s perfect playground.She
2 played baseball there,forgetting to go home.
In August 2020,37-year-old Taheri 3 the wetland and the kind of dump-like (垃圾场般的) surroundings 4 Taheri.Because of pollution,bird populations had been
5 .To make things worse,the nearby residents paid little attention to the wetland.
A strong 6 to do something controlled her.Taheri decided to begin with a litter pick.She 7 her neighbours to join in.In one month,they 8 70 bags of rubbish.
Then,Taheri expanded the work into more general environmental activism. 9 monthly litter picks,they also worked with some bird protection organisations.Currently,they are trying to 10 a planned bridge across the wetland,for it will destroy birds’ habitat despite the advantage of 11 the locals a few minutes’ walk.
Taheri’s efforts 12 .More and more locals are now more environmentally 13 ,
more involved,and have come to see the value of her work.She makes a real 14 not only to the Welsh Harp,but for the wider community.Just as Taheri says,“Don’t stand 15 ,do something about it.”
( )1.A.camp B.port
C.wonderland D.reserve
( )2.A.definitely B.eventually
C.frequently D.absolutely
( )3.A.rediscovered B.reflected
C.rebuilt D.registered
( )4.A.attracted B.embarrassed
C.excited D.shocked
( )5.A.doubling B.dropping
C.disappearing D.recovering
( )6.A.shame B.doubt
C.desire D.fear
( )7.A.invited B.promised
C.ordered D.taught
( )8.A.provided B.replaced
C.spotted D.collected
( )9.A.Due to B.Apart from
C.As for D.Instead of
( )10.A.block B.tailor
C.design D.preserve
( )11.A.permitting B.saving
C.sparing D.taking
( )12.A.went out B.ran out
C.paid off D.took off
( )13.A.aware B.demanding
C.anxious D.generous
( )14.A.advance B.difference
C.decision D.response
( )15.A.straight B.alone
C.fast D.still
语篇导读:本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Leila Taheri小时候经常在Welsh Harp湿地玩耍,长大后再去湿地时发现那里污染严重,满地垃圾。于是她从捡垃圾开始,致力于保护湿地的环境,最终她的努力得到回报,越来越多的当地人意识到了保护环境的重要性。
[文章脉络]
答案及剖析:
1.D 根据设空处后的“was home to various birds”可知,很多鸟类的家园应是自然保护区(reserve)。故选D。
2.C 根据上文“Leila Taheri used...as a schoolgirl.”及“also Taheri’s perfect playground”可知,Taheri经常(frequently)去自然保护区打棒球。故选C。
3.A 上文提到Taheri上学时经常去湿地打棒球,再根据下文“the kind of dump-like surroundings 4 Taheri”及语境可知,此处指Taheri长大后再次找到(rediscovered)湿地时发现这里如垃圾场一般。故选A。
4.D 根据上下文可知,湿地以前是各种鸟类的家园,也是Taheri玩耍的地方,现在却如垃圾场一般,这使Taheri感到震惊(shocked)。故选D。
5.B 根据“Because of pollution”可知,由于污染,湿地的鸟类数量下降(dropping)。故选B。
6.C 根据下文“Taheri decided to begin with a litter pick.”可知,此处指Taheri有一种强烈的欲望(desire),要做些什么来保护湿地。故选C。
7.A 根据下文“In one month,they 8 70 bags of rubbish.”可知,此处指她邀请(invited)邻居加入捡垃圾的行列。故选A。
8.D 根据上文可知,他们是在湿地捡垃圾,所以此处指收集了(collected)70袋垃圾。故选D。
9.B 根据also可知,他们除了捡垃圾,还与鸟类保护组织合作,Apart from意为“除了……
(还)”,符合语境。故选B。
10.A 根据下文“for it will destroy birds’ habitat”可知,桥梁会破坏鸟类的栖息地,所以他们应是试图阻止(block)。故选A。
11.B 根据语境及the advantage可知,桥梁的好处就是让当地人节省(saving)几分钟的步行时间。故选B。
12.C 根据下文“More and more locals...value of her work.”可知,此处指她的努力得到了回报(paid off)。故选C。
13.A 根据下文“and have come to see the value of her work”可知,此处指越来越多的当地人有了环保意识(aware),开始看到她的工作的价值。故选A。
14.B 根据上文内容可知,此处指对Welsh Harp湿地产生影响,make a difference意为“有影响”,为固定短语。故选B。
15.D 根据“do something about it”可知,此处与下文意义相反,表示“不要站着不动(still),要去做点什么”。故选D。
Ⅲ.写作训练
假设你是李华,是学校的学生会主席,你校即将开展为期一个月的“环保节(the Environmental Protection Festival)”活动,请你在学校的英文报上对全体学生发出倡议,号召大家积极参加这个活动。内容包括:
1.活动的目的和意义。
2.活动的主要内容。
3.发出号召。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear fellows,
The Students’ Union
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Dear fellows,
To arouse students’ awareness of protecting the environment and increase their knowledge concerned,our school will hold an activity on the theme of “the Environmental Protection Festival”,which is expected to last a month.
During the festival,a variety of activities will be held,like lectures given by experts,visits to chemical factories,an environmental knowledge competition,etc.Moreover,10 Stars of Environmental Protection will be recommended and awarded at the end of the festival.
Only with joint efforts can our festival go smoothly.Join us and take action right now!
The Students’ Union
