2026年重庆市九年级中考英语语法复习课件 名词(共27张PPT)

(共27张PPT)
第一章 名词
GAOFEN TUPO
考点精析
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考点① 可数名词
可数名词有单复数之分,可数名词单数一般要与冠词a/an或the 连用。
单数变复数有规则和不规则两种情况:
1.规则变化:
(1)一般情况下,直接在名词后加 s。如:
book — books　　pen — pens
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(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词,在词尾加上 es。如:
bus — buses　　wish — wishes
box — boxes　　watch — watches
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加 es。如:
factory — factories　library — libraries
(4)以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接在词尾加 s。如:
toy — toys　　　key — keys
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(5)以f或fe结尾的词,变f或fe为v,再加 es。如:
wife — wives　　　knife — knives
wolf — wolves thief — thieves
shelf — shelves self — selves
life — lives half — halves
leaf — leaves
注:有些以f结尾的词可直接加 s变为复数。如:
roof — roofs　　　belief — beliefs
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(6)以o结尾的词,多数在词尾加 s。如:
zoo — zoospiano — pianos
photo — photosradio — radios
注:下列三个词后加 es构成复数。
hero — heroespotato — potatoes
tomato — tomatoes
【口诀】英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿。
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2.不规则变化:
(1)常见不规则变化的名词。如:
child — children　mouse — mice
man — menwoman — women
tooth — teethfoot — feet
(2)单复数同形的名词。如:
fish(鱼)、 deer(鹿)、 sheep(绵羊)
注:fishes表示各种鱼类。
(3)只有复数形式,无单数形式的名词。如:
clothes(衣服)、 trousers(裤子)、 glasses(眼镜)
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(4)表示某国人的名词,单复数形式有三种:
①单复数同形:如Chinese、 Japanese。
②变 man/ woman为 men/ women。如:
an Englishman — ten Englishmen
one Frenchwoman — six Frenchwomen
③词尾加 s。如:
an American — three Americans
one German — two Germans
【口诀】中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。
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1.只用作复数的集合名词,如people、 police等,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
The people in that city are very friendly.
那个城市的人都非常友善。
The police are searching for the thief.
警察正在搜寻那个小偷。
2.强调整体时用作单数,强调各个成员时用作复数的常用集合名词有:family、class、group和team。如:
Their family are watching TV.
他们的家人正在看电视。
考点② 集合名词
1.只用作复数的集合名词,如people、 police等,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
The people in that city are very friendly.
那个城市的人都非常友善。
The police are searching for the thief.
警察正在搜寻那个小偷。
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2.强调整体时用作单数,强调各个成员时用作复数的常用集合名词有:family、class、group和team。如:
Their family are watching TV.
他们的家人正在看电视。
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考点③ 不可数名词
1.不可数名词有三个关键特点:一是无法用具体的数量来计数;二是不存在单复数形式的变化;三是其前面不能用不定冠词a、an或者基数词进行修饰。
2.当不可数名词需要计量时,要用“数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示,谓语动词形式与量词保持数上的一致。如:
a piece of paper 一张纸
two bags of rice 两袋大米
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3.有的名词作个体名词时可数,作物质名词或抽象名词时不可数。如:
chicken(鸡肉)— chickens(鸡)
fish(鱼肉)— fishes(各种鱼类)/some fish(几条鱼)
glass(玻璃)— glasses(眼镜;玻璃杯)
work(工作)— works(著作)
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考点④ 名词所有格
1.“’s”形式的所有格:
(1)大多数表示有生命的名词,直接在名词后加“’s”;如果本身是以s结尾的复数名词,只加“’”;如果是以s结尾的单数名词或人名,仍在其后加“’s”。如:
Tom’s picture 汤姆的照片
Teachers’ Day 教师节
James’s poems 詹姆斯的诗
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(2) 如果某物为两者共有,只在后一个名词词尾加“’s”;如果是分别拥有,则两个名词后都要加“’s”。如:
Tom and Jack’s father is a doctor.
汤姆和杰克的爸爸是位医生。(共有)
Both Tom’s and Jack’s fathers are doctors.
汤姆和杰克的爸爸都是医生。(不共有)
(3)在表示职业称谓、人名的词后面用所有格表示相应的住所或场所。如:
at the doctor’s 在诊所
at my uncle’s 在我叔叔家
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(4)表示时间、距离时,使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定
语。如:
five minutes’walk 步行五分钟的路程
in a few years’time 几年后
(5)名词所有格修饰的名词,如果前文刚刚提到则可以省略,
避免重复。如:
This pen is not mine.It’s Jack’s.
这支笔不是我的,是杰克的。
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2.“of”形式的所有格:
(1)无生命事物的名词,通常用“of+名词”结构构成所有格。如:
the door of the room 房间的门
the center of the city 市中心
注:“of+名词”结构还可表示所修饰名词的具体内容或材料。如:
a map of the world 世界地图
a photo of my family 我家的一张全家福
a ring of gold 金戒指
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(2)可由“of+名词所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,表示部分的概念。如:
an old friend of my father’s(=one of my father’s old friends) 我爸爸的老朋友之一
a photo of my aunt’s 我姑姑的一张照片(她所拥有的照片中的一张,不一定是她本人的照片)
注:a photo of my aunt 我姑姑本人的一张照片
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考点⑤ 名词作定语
名词作定语修饰名词时,一般有三种情况:
1.当修饰词是man或woman时,man/woman形式和后面名词的单复数一致。如:
a man/woman teacher 一个男/女教师
two men/women teachers 两个男/女教师
2.定语为其他名词时,一般用单数形式,修饰后面的名词。
如:
a girl student 一个女学生
two girl students 两个女学生
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3.当定语为sports或clothes时,一般用其复数形式,修饰后面的名词。如:
sports shoes运动鞋
a clothes store 一家服装店
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考点⑥ 名词词义辨析
在近几年重庆中考试题中,名词的考查着重集中在具体语言环境下名词词义的辨析上。做好此类题目,需根据上下文推测出空格处所要表达的意思,从而选出正确答案。
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体验5年重庆中考
( B　)1.(2025重庆中考·语法选择)Parents and　　　　.
were worried about their food safety.
A.kid　 B.kids 　C.kids
( B　)2.(2025重庆中考·完形填空)I began to feel weaker
in my 　　　　. I couldn’t stand for long.
A.stomach B.legs
C.arms D.head
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( C　)3.(2024重庆A卷·语法选择)With other 　　　help,
I did very well.
A.teacher B.teacher’s 　 C.teachers
( A　)4.(2024重庆B卷·语法选择)These days, she has a
new 　　　　 .
A.hobby　 B.hobbies　 C.hobby’s
( B　)5.(2023重庆A卷·语法选择)It is famous for its hot
pot and 　　　　.
A.noodle　 B.noodles　 C.noodles

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( B　)6.(2023重庆B卷·语法选择)I will take some
　　　　of the dishes to share with you.
A.picture B.pictures C.picture’s
( D　)7.(2022重庆A卷)This year, the family went camping
on 　　　　 Day, June 1st.
A.Child B.Child’s
C.Children D.Children’s
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( C　)8.(2022重庆B卷)It’s raining heavily.Please take the
　　　　.
A.stone B.flower
C.umbrella D.postcard
( C　)9.(2021重庆A卷)There are many　　　teachers
in this primary school.
A.woman B.woman’s
C.women D.women’s
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( B　)10.(2021重庆B卷)June 1st is 　　　Day.
A.Children B.Children’s
C.Child D.Child’s
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语法专练（名词）
Your third year of middle school was probably a hard and busy time. You may have had trouble getting enough
sleep. We all know that not getting enough sleep is bad for our 　1　. And it has been found that less sleep could even
make you have fewer 　2　.
According to some scientists, people who don’t get
enough sleep may not want to socialize(社交) with others. They can be too tired to go out.
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The 　3　 did a small study. They tested 18 young people who had just had a good 　4　 sleep and then tested them
again after a sleepless night. During the study, these young
people watched 　5　of people with no expressions walking towards them. When the person on the video got too “close” to them, they pushed a button to stop the video and
recorded how close they allowed the person to get.
The results showed that the young people kept the person at a distance(距离) of 60% further if they hadn’t got enough
　6　. But with enough sleep, they allowed the person to
get much closer to them.
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( A　)1.A.health　　 B.healthy　　 C.healthily
( C　)2.A.friend B.friends C.friends
( C　)3.A.science B.scientist C.scientists
( B　)4.A.nights B.night’s C.night
( A　)5.A.videos B.video C.video’s
( A　)6.A.sleep B.sleepy C.asleep
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