第一章 名词课件(共57张PPT)-2026年安徽中考英语话题专项训练

(共57张PPT)
第二部分 名师语法专题
第一章 名词
课标要求(2022年版) 安徽省卷近5年中考统计情况
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
可数名词及其单、复数 √ √ √ √
不可数名词 √ √
名词所有格 √ √
名词辨析 √ √ √ √ √
(限时：10 min 正确率： 　　/ 25题)
　　一、写出下列名词的复数形式。
　　1. bag 2.lunch
　　3. potato 4.photo
　　5. class 6.life
　　7. fish 8.foot
　　9. boy 10.zoo
　　11. desk 12.child
　　13. policeman 14.university
bags
lunches
potatoes
photos
classes
lives
fishes/fish
feet
boys
zoos
desks
children
policemen
universities
　　15. Japanese
Japanese
　　二、翻译下列词块。
　　1. 两条裤子
　　2. 三杯茶
　　3. 两名男医生
　　4. 五棵苹果树
two pairs of pants/trousers
three cups of tea
two men doctors
five apple trees
　　5.儿童节
　　6. 问题的关键
　　7. 我叔叔的房子
　　8. 杰克和玛丽各自的母亲
　　9. 五分钟的步行
　　10. 一名歌手的一张照片
Children's Day
the key to the question
my uncle's house
Jack's and Mary's mothers
five minutes' walk/a five minute walk
a photo of a singer
　　名词用来指各种人或事物具体的名称，也可以指抽象的概念，可以
作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语、定语等。
　　考点1 名词的分类
　　特别提醒
　　抽象名词通常为不可数名词， 但在以下两种情况中可作可数名
词：
　　(1)表示情感、情绪的词，强调具体的人或事时常将抽象名词具体
化，可以作可数名词。如：
　　success成功→a success一个成功的人/一件成功的事
　　beauty美→a beauty一位美人/一件美好的东西
　　(2)在一些词组中可以作可数名词。如：have a rest(休息),
catch a cold(感冒), have a good time(玩得开心), live a happy
life(过幸福的生活)等。
　　考点2 名词的数
　　一、规则的名词复数形式
　　巧学妙记
　　以 f或 fe结尾的名词单数变复数的口诀：
　　小偷无妻生活难， 自捡树叶来做饭 (thief—thieves, wife—wives,
life—lives, leaf—leaves)
　　忽见一狼藏架后， 拿刀把它劈两半 (wolf—wolves, shelf—shelves,
knife—knives, half—halves)
　　 对点练1
　　1． (2025宿迁)The Great Wall is one of the (wonder)
in the world.
　　2． (2025天津改编)Chinese is spoken by more and more people
from foreign (country) today.
　　3． (2025福建改编)—I am going to meet Miss Chen in two days.
　　—Please send my best (wish) to her.
wonders
countries
wishes
　　4． (2025天津改编)You can take (photo) of
autumn (leaf)．
　　5． Sandy often says, “Some of my (hero) are real
people, and some are from stories.”
photos
leaves
heroes
　　二、不规则的名词复数形式
　　 对点练2
　　1． (2025福建改编)Turn off the tap as you brush
your (tooth)．
　　2． These (deer) usually come to the river to drink water
early in the morning.
　　3． (2025乐山改编)Parents should be strict with
their (child) about good manners.
teeth
deer
children
　　4．(2025连云港改编)Dolphins are good at driving fish to the
coast. (fisherman) often work closely with them to catch
fish.
　　5． Last year, some (German) visited our school and
exchanged ideas with us about culture.
Fishermen
Germans
　　特别提醒
　　(1)有些名词通常以复数形式出现，如： trousers, clothes,
congratulations, chopsticks, glasses, noodles。
　　(2)集体名词people(人), police(警察)总是用作复数， 因此不能说a
people, a police, 但可以说a person(一个人), a policeman(一个男警察)。
　　(3)部分集体名词既可以用作单数(表示整体), 也可以用作复数(表示
其成员), 如： family, class, team。
　　Sally's family a big one in the small town.萨莉家是那个小镇
上的一个大家族。
　　My family a good time in Xizang.我们全家人在西藏都玩
得很开心。
　　(4)有些名词以 s结尾，但实际上是单数或不可数名词，如： physics,
news。
is
have
　　三、既可用作可数名词（C）又可用作不可数名词（U）, 但词义不
同的词
单词 词义
可数名词 不可数名词
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
interest 业余爱好 兴趣
chicken 鸡 鸡肉
orange 橙子 橙汁；橙色
单词 词义
可数名词 不可数名词
fish 鱼 鱼肉
exercise 习题 锻炼
experience 经历 经验
work 作品 工作
单词 词义
可数名词 不可数名词
light 电灯 光
change 变化 零钱
time 次；倍 时间
room 房间 空间
　　少数不可数名词的复数形式表示特殊的意义：
单词 不可数名词 复数形式
time 时间 时代
water 水 水域
单词 不可数名词 复数形式
sand 沙子 沙滩
wood 木材 树林
单词 不可数名词 复数形式
paper 纸 论文；试卷
glass 玻璃 眼镜
　　 对点练3
　　1． My grandpa always puts his (glass) on before
reading the newspaper in the morning.
　　2． (2025陕西改编)Different kinds of (experience)
there have opened my eyes and improved my knowledge.
　　3． (2025成都改编)Miss Li always has a lot of (work) to
do. For her, nothing is more important than a proper plan.
glasses
experiences
work
　　四、名词的量
　　a lot of, lots of, plenty of, enough, some, any, no等既可修饰可数名
词，又可修饰不可数名词。对可数名词的数量提问要用how many；对
不可数名词的数量提问要用how much。
　　 巩固训练
danger prize people information human care baby
　　Are you scared of spiders and snakes Many 1. are.
Scientists did a test. They found that 2. are born scared of
them!
people
babies
　　The scientists showed the 6 month old babies pictures of the animals
and found their pupils(瞳孔) got bigger! The scientists believed that the
fear was something people were born with. Millions of years ago,
3. had to avoid spiders and snakes to stay alive. Today, these
animals are less of a 4. in our life, but the fear remains!
humans
danger
danger prize people information human care baby
　　Humans' brains are still changing. We now have to learn about new
dangers like busy roads or bad 5. on the Internet. That's
why parents and teachers help us learn how to stay safe in the modern
world!
information
danger prize people information human care baby
　　考点3 名词所有格
　　特别提醒
　　's所有格用于表示无生命的名词的所属关系时的用法：
　　(1)用于表示时间的名词后。如：today's newspaper, five weeks'
holiday, yesterday's homework, 25 minutes' walk, half an hour's drive。
　　(2)用于表示国家、城市等地方的名词后。如：the country's plan,
the world's population, China's industry。
　　(3)用于表示距离、价格等的名词后。如：a mile's journey, five
dollars' apples。
　　 巩固训练
　　When we think of Milan Fashion Week, we may think of wonderful
fashion shows.Milan Fashion Week is one of the four most famous
fashion 1 in the world.The organizers hold it twice a year.When the
fashion show comes, the 2 top models will get together in Milan,
Italy.When it begins, not only famous designers but also buyers appear
there.Zhao Huizhou is the first Chinese 3 designer.Her fashion is full of
Chinese culture.Now we find more and more Chinese 4 names in Milan
Fashion Week.
　　（　B　）1. A. week B． weeks C． week's
　　（　C　）2. A. world B． worlds C． world's
　　（　A　）3. A. woman B． women C． woman's
　　（　C　）4. A. designers B． designer's C． designers'
B
C
A
C
　　1． 名词在语法选择中的考查
　　语法选择一般考查名词的单复数及其所有格形式，做题时可根
据名词前的冠词、数词、量词、句意及句子结构等判断用单数、复
数还是所有格形式。若为复数或所有格形式，再根据语法变化规则
选出正确选项。
　　①Sometimes, he takes one 　　 bus ride to museums
and zoos in another town.
A． hour B． hours C． hour's
　　解析：空格处修饰“bus ride”，用名词所有格表示“一个小时
的”，故选C。
　　②She was her music 　　 favorite student.
A． teacher B． teachers C． teacher's
　　解析：空格处修饰“favorite student”，用名词所有格表示“音乐老
师的”，故选C。
　　2．名词在完形填空中的考查
　　名词在完形填空中一般考查词义辨析。可采用上下文推断法和词汇
复现法选出正确答案。
　　①上下文推断法
Once, a reader took home an English book on
Chinese history. A week later, he passed it on to a neighbor. … the book
traveled all the way abroad and ended up in Germany. “The 　　 of the
book is a wonder…”
A． history B． language
C． journey D． background
　　解析：根据上文“Once, a reader took home an English book
on Chinese history. A week later, he passed it on to a neighbor. …
the book traveled all the way abroad and ended up in
Germany.”可知，这本书辗转多地来到德国，因此此处表示“这本
书的旅程是一个奇事”。故选C。
　　②词汇复现法
　　Betty has made it partly because she is curious about everything.This is a very… quality for a scientist…
　　 Few are born to be a 　　.According to Betty…
A． dentist B． lawyer
C． coach D． scientist
　　解析：根据上文重复出现的scientist可知，此处表示“很少有人天
生就是科学家”。故选D。
　　3．名词在短文填空中的考查
　　从2023年开始，短文填空给出备选词，不再是盲填。一般考查名词
的词义、是否可数、单复数或名词在固定搭配中的运用，可根据句子结
构及上下文判断，或根据固定搭配及常识来选填单词。
　　①由句子结构及上下文判断
along although beauty because deep enjoy example
explore new performance something under
　　He thinks the 　　 of a city lies in both its people and its environment. “When people are connected to a place, it brings life to
it，” Mike says.
　　解析：空格前有定冠词the，空后是of，可推知空处应填名词。根据
后句“When people are connected to a place, it brings life to it”并结合备
选词可知，beauty符合语境，意为“他认为一个城市的美在于它的人和
环境”。beauty是不可数名词，故填beauty。
　　As people get together there at night and give some 　　 of Guangdong opera, the shop turns into a community theater.
　　解析：根据“of Guangdong opera”和“the shop turns into a
community theater”可知，此处指“一些粤剧表演”，performance“表演”
符合语境，some后跟可数名词复数形式。故填performances。
　　②由固定搭配判断
it either be because what else by invent clean popular habit
hundred
　　Today we have a good 　　 of brushing teeth.
　　解析：此题考查固定搭配have a good habit of “有一个……的好习
惯”。故填habit。
　　注：本部分在语篇中对语法知识进行综合对点训练，同时兼顾其他
语法点。
　　一、语法选择(2025内蒙古改编)
主题：陌生人的帮助 词数：233
难度：★★ 正确率： 　　/10
　　A few years ago, while I was on a cycling trip in Brazil, I fell off my
bike.I hurt my knees a little bit, but the front wheel 1 my bike was
broken badly.At that time I remembered seeing a house 2 minutes ago,
so I picked up my bike and started walking.
　　（　B　）1. A. to B． of C． with
　　（　A　）2. A. a few B． few C． a little
B
A
　　I didn't speak the local language except “please” and “thank you”，
but I needed 3 to repair the bike.I had no idea how to explain what
happened.Then I remembered 4 a translation app on my phone! I
walked towards the house and 5 on the door.
　　（　B　）3. A. tool B． tools C． tool's
　　（　B　）4. A. there is B． there was C． it was
　　（　A　）5. A. knocked B． knock C． was knocking
B
B
A
　　The elderly woman Lisa, who answered the door, welcomed
me 6 ．I was sitting on a chair, with my knees bandaged(绑上绷带的) in
just five 7 time.
　　（　B　）6. A. warm B． warmly C． warmth
　　（　C　）7. A. minute B． minutes C． minutes'
B
C
Lisa's husband Gustavo and a group of neighbors appeared from
nowhere during the five minutes.Gustavo and a neighbor were having 8
heated discussion about the best way to repair the wheel on my
bike.When Lisa and Gustavo left me at my hotel that night, with a full
stomach and a clean, fully repaired bike, I felt like the luckiest 9 in the
world.
　　（　A　）8. A. a B． an C． the
　　（　A　）9. A. man B． men C． mans'
A
A
　　Although we were 10 before the accident, their behavior
encouraged me a lot.I didn't know how to express my thanks.Even today,
their kindness continues to make me smile.
（　B　）10. A. stranger B． strangers
C． stranger's
B
　　二、完形填空(2025河南改编)
主题：授人以鱼不如授人以渔 词数：246
难度：★★ 正确率： 　　/10
　　A long time ago, there lived two woodcutters called Barry and Kent
in a village.Every morning, they went out and cut wood to sell at a
nearby market.
　　One hot day, the woodcutters were eating their lunch when a
beggar(乞丐) came towards them.
　　“My name is Clark, and I'm very 　1 ，” said the beggar. “Can
you spare a little of your lunch for me？”
　　Barry felt great 2 for Clark, and he wanted to give some food to
the poor man.But to his surprise, Kent stopped him from 3 the food.
　　（　C　）1. A. shy B． sleepy C． hungry D． thirsty
　　（　A　）2. A. pity B． fear C． hate D． pride
　　（　C　）3. A. collecting B． eating
C． offering D． cooking
C
A
C
　　Kent said to Clark, “I can lend you my ax(斧子) and teach you to
cut 4 ．Then you can sell it.And you will have a good 5 of buying
yourself food.”
　　（　B　）4. A. grass B． wood C． ice D． paper
　　（　D　）5. A. place B． game C． excuse D． chance
B
D
　　After a moment's thought, Clark took Kent's ax, and then
watched 6 as Kent explained how to cut wood.Clark was slow at first,
but only 7 later, he began to cut more quickly.
　　（　D　）6. A. coldly B． secretly
C． doubtfully D． carefully
　　（　C　）7. A. seasons B． months C． minutes D． days
D
C
　　At the end of the day, the three men took wood to the market.All of
it was 8 ．
（　D　）8. A. sent off B． given away
C． used up D． sold out
D
　　“I've never had so much money！” Clark said with 9 ．
　　“Well done.It was your first day's work，” said Kent.He took Clark
to a shop in the town and helped him 10 an ax.
　　“Thank you for everything，” Clark said happily and left.
　　The story tells us that it is better to teach a man to fish than to give
him a fish when we help others.
　　（　C　）9. A. attention B． shame
C． excitement D． patience
　　（　C　）10. A. return B． repair C． choose D． clean
C
C
　　三、短文填空(2025河北改编)
主题：好事罐 词数：234 难度：★★ 正确率： 　　/10
through they few in turn remind foot paper little parent time
month
　　There is a special jug(罐) on our kitchen table.I put some small
pieces of paper and a pen next to the jug.Anyone in my family is free to
write down something good that has happened recently.With pieces of
1. in it, the jug is called the “Good Things Jug”．
paper
　　Many good things happen in a year.At the end of the year, we get
together to empty the jug.We take 2. to read the “Good
Things” aloud.Some of the things are interesting, some are serious, and
some just bring hope.
turns
through they few in turn remind foot paper little parent time
month
　　Over the past twelve 3. ， there have been many
difficult things in our family.Noticing the “Good Things” has helped us
go 4. the hard times.Here are a 5. things from the
“Good Things Jug”：
months
through
few
through they few in turn remind foot paper little parent time
month
　　“Jim and I went camping with our parents.There we taught my pet
cat how to clap(拍) with his 6. ．”
　　“With my 7. care, I was well again after a serious
illness.I'm so thankful to my parents for 8. love.It's the best
thing on earth！”
feet
parents'
their
through they few in turn remind foot paper little parent time
month
　　Our “Good Things Jug” is full of love, hope and happiness.The little
messages 9. us that we can always expect good things to
come, even during difficult 10. ．Therefore, I encourage you to
create your “Good Things Jug” today.I am sure it will make a big
difference in your future life.
remind
times
through they few in turn remind foot paper little parent time
month