2026届高考英语二轮复习-阅读理解之细节理解题导学案（含答案）

2026高考英语·二轮复习
阅读理解之细节理解题
【核心知识·深度解读】
细节理解题是阅读理解中最基础的题型，主要考查考生对文章具体信息的识别和理解能力。这类题目通常可以直接在原文中找到答案，但有时也会设置一些干扰项，如偷换概念、张冠李戴、断章取义等。掌握正确的解题步骤和技巧，可以快速准确地定位答案。
一、常见提问方式
1. According to the passage, what/when/why/how...
2. Which of the following is true/not true
3. All of the following are mentioned except...
4. The author states that...
5. What can we learn from paragraph...
二、解题步骤
① 读题干，找关键词：圈出题干中的专有名词、时间、数字、核心名词等，作为定位依据。
② 定位原文：快速浏览文章，找到关键词所在的位置（通常在一段内）。
③ 比对信息：将选项与原文进行仔细比对，注意同义转述、正话反说等变化。
④ 排除干扰：排除与原文不符、无中生有、过度推断的选项。
三、常见干扰项特征
- 偷换概念：选项中的词与原文相似，但意思不同。
- 张冠李戴：把属于A的内容放在B上。
- 断章取义：只截取部分信息，忽略上下文。
- 无中生有：原文中没有提及的内容。
- 正反混淆：与原文意思相反。
四、 示例
原文：The study found that participants who exercised regularly reported higher levels of happiness than those who did not.
题目：What did the study find about regular exercise
选项：A. It reduces happiness. B. It increases happiness. C. It has no effect on happiness. D. It only benefits young people.
解析：原文说“higher levels of happiness”，所以B正确。A、C与原文相反，D无中生有。
题型：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
专项突破·细节理解题
Passage 1 (主题：科技与健康)
Wearable fitness trackers have become increasingly popular in recent years. These devices, such as Fitbit and Apple Watch, can monitor steps, heart rate, sleep patterns, and even stress levels. A study conducted by Stanford University found that fitness trackers are generally accurate in measuring step count, but less reliable when it comes to calorie expenditure. Researchers tested seven different devices and discovered that none of them measured calorie burn with an error rate below 20%. However, they also noted that the motivational effect of wearing a tracker might still lead to healthier habits. Interestingly, the study showed that participants who wore trackers walked an average of 1,500 more steps per day than those who didn't.
1. What can fitness trackers monitor according to the passage
A. Steps, heart rate, and blood pressure. B. Steps, heart rate, sleep patterns, and stress. C. Steps, calories, and blood oxygen. D. Heart rate, sleep patterns, and diet.
2. What did the Stanford study find about calorie measurement
A. It was completely accurate. B. It had an error rate below 20%. C. It was inaccurate with error above 20%. D. It was only accurate for Fitbit.
3. How many more steps did tracker wearers walk per day compared to non-wearers
A. 500. B. 1,000. C. 1,500. D. 2,000.
4. What did researchers say about the motivational effect of trackers
A. It was insignificant. B. It might lead to healthier habits. C. It caused people to exercise less. D. It only worked for young people.
5. According to the passage, which of the following is true
A. All fitness trackers measure calories accurately. B. The study tested only one type of tracker. C. Tracker wearers walked more steps. D. The study was conducted by Harvard.
Passage 2 (主题：历史事件)
The Great Fire of London started on September 2, 1666, in a bakery on Pudding Lane. It lasted for three days and destroyed about 13,200 houses, 87 churches, and St Paul's Cathedral. Surprisingly, only six deaths were officially recorded, though the true number may have been higher. After the fire, King Charles II ordered the city to be rebuilt with wider streets and brick buildings to prevent future fires. The fire also had a positive effect: it ended the Great Plague, which had killed thousands in the previous year, as the fire burned the infected areas.
6. When did the Great Fire of London start
A. September 2, 1665. B. September 2, 1666. C. September 3, 1666. D. October 2, 1666.
7. Where did the fire begin
A. In a church. B. In a bakery. C. In St Paul's Cathedral. D. On a farm.
8. How many houses were destroyed
A. About 13,200. B. About 87. C. About 6. D. About 10,000.
9. What was the official death toll
A. Six. B. Twelve. C. Hundreds. D. Unknown.
10. What positive effect did the fire have
A. It created more jobs. B. It ended the Great Plague. C. It led to the invention of fire insurance. D. It made the city more beautiful.
Passage 3 (主题：动物行为)
Dolphins are known for their intelligence and social behavior. They live in groups called pods, which can consist of up to a dozen individuals. Within these pods, dolphins communicate using a variety of clicks, whistles, and body movements. Each dolphin has a unique signature whistle, similar to a name, that it uses to identify itself. Research has shown that dolphins can recognize themselves in mirrors, a sign of self-awareness that is rare in the animal kingdom. They also display altruistic behavior, such as helping injured members of their pod to the surface to breathe. In some cases, dolphins have been observed protecting swimmers from sharks.
11. What is a group of dolphins called
A. A herd. B. A pod. C. A school. D. A pack.
12. How do dolphins communicate
A. Only through clicks. B. Through clicks, whistles, and body movements. C. Only through whistles. D. Through sounds and smells.
13. What is a "signature whistle"
A. A whistle used to warn of danger. B. A unique sound that identifies a dolphin. C. A whistle that only males make. D. A call to gather the pod.
14. What does the ability to recognize themselves in mirrors indicate
A. Intelligence. B. Self-awareness. C. Playfulness. D. Aggression.
15. What altruistic behavior do dolphins display
A. Sharing food. B. Helping injured pod members breathe. C. Teaching young dolphins. D. Playing with other species.
Passage 4 (主题：文化习俗)
In Japan, it is customary to remove shoes before entering a house. This practice dates back centuries and is rooted in the desire to keep homes clean, as streets were often muddy. Visitors are expected to place their shoes neatly in the entrance area, pointing toward the door. Slippers are usually provided for walking inside, but these are removed again before stepping onto tatami mats. In some traditional restaurants and temples, the same rule applies. When using a public restroom, there are often special slippers to wear inside, which must be taken off when leaving. Failing to follow these customs can be seen as disrespectful.
16. Why do Japanese remove shoes before entering a house
A. To keep the floor clean. B. Because shoes are uncomfortable. C. To follow a religious rule. D. Because they have slippers.
17. How should shoes be placed at the entrance
A. Neatly, pointing toward the door. B. Neatly, pointing away from the door. C. Anywhere, as long as they are together. D. Stacked on top of each other.
18. What must be done before stepping onto tatami mats
A. Take off slippers. B. Put on clean socks. C. Bow. D. Wash feet.
19. Where else are shoes removed
A. In all public places. B. In traditional restaurants and temples. C. Only in homes. D. In hotels.
20. What happens if you fail to follow these customs
A. You may be asked to leave. B. It can be seen as disrespectful. C. You will be fined. D. Nothing happens.
Passage 5 (主题：环保数据)
A recent report by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) shows that global plastic production reached 460 million tons in 2023, with only 9% being recycled. About 12% was incinerated, and the remaining 79% ended up in landfills or the natural environment. The report also notes that plastic pollution in oceans has increased by 50% over the past decade. If current trends continue, by 2050 there could be more plastic in the ocean than fish (by weight). Several countries have taken action; for example, Canada banned single-use plastics in 2022, and the European Union has set a target to recycle 55% of plastic packaging by 2030.
21. How much plastic was produced globally in 2023
A. 460 million tons. B. 416 million tons. C. 500 million tons. D. 400 million tons.
22. What percentage of plastic was recycled
A. 9%. B. 12%. C. 79%. D. 50%.
23. How much plastic ended up in landfills or nature
A. 9%. B. 12%. C. 79%. D. 100%.
24. By how much has ocean plastic pollution increased over the past decade
A. 50%. B. 60%. C. 40%. D. 70%.
25. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. Canada banned single-use plastics in 2020. B. The EU aims to recycle 55% of plastic packaging by 2030. C. By 2050, plastic will definitely outweigh fish in the ocean. D. 12% of plastic was recycled in 2023.
参考答案及解析
Passage 1
1. B (第一段“monitor steps, heart rate, sleep patterns, and even stress levels”)
2. C (第一段“none of them measured calorie burn with an error rate below 20%”即误差高于20%)
3. C (第一段最后“walked an average of 1,500 more steps per day”)
4. B (第一段“the motivational effect ... might still lead to healthier habits”)
5. C (A与原文相反，B错误（测试了7种），D错误（斯坦福），C正确)
Passage 2
6. B (第一句“September 2, 1666”)
7. B (第一句“in a bakery on Pudding Lane”)
8. A (第一段“destroyed about 13,200 houses”)
9. A (第一段“only six deaths were officially recorded”)
10. B (最后一句“it ended the Great Plague”)
Passage 3
11. B (第二句“groups called pods”)
12. B (第三句“communicate using a variety of clicks, whistles, and body movements”)
13. B (第四句“a unique signature whistle, similar to a name”)
14. B (第五句“a sign of self-awareness”)
15. B (第六句“helping injured members of their pod to the surface to breathe”)
Passage 4
16. A (第二句“rooted in the desire to keep homes clean”)
17. A (第三句“place their shoes neatly in the entrance area, pointing toward the door”)
18. A (第四句“these are removed again before stepping onto tatami mats”)
19. B (第五句“In some traditional restaurants and temples, the same rule applies”)
20. B (最后一句“Failing to follow these customs can be seen as disrespectful”)
Passage 5
21. A (第一句“460 million tons”)
22. A (第一句“only 9% being recycled”)
23. C (第一句“the remaining 79% ended up in landfills or the natural environment”)
24. A (第二句“increased by 50% over the past decade”)
25. B (最后一句“the European Union has set a target to recycle 55% of plastic packaging by 2030”。A错误（2022），C“could”不是“will definitely”，D错误（9% recycled）)
教学使用建议： 建议学生先通读题干，带着问题读文章，注意关键词的同义转述。做完后对照答案，分析错误原因，是定位不准还是被干扰项迷惑。平时练习中要养成在原文中划出依据的习惯。