2026年中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件(共44张PPT)专题三代词

(共44张PPT)
专题五　形容词和副词
这一讲要求掌握人称代词各种格的形式及用法,掌握形容词性和名词性物主代词的区别和用法,掌握反身代词的用法,熟练掌握指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词的用法,以及用it表示物、时间、距离、自然现象等的用法。
主格 宾格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 反身代词
单数 I me my mine myself
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourselves
they them their theirs themselves
一、人称代词
1. 人称代词的格:人称代词分为主格和宾格两种形式。主格常作主语,宾格常作宾语。在表语位置,现代英语中普遍使用宾格形式。例如:
He played basketball with his brother. (主语)
I teach him English. (宾语)
It’s me. (表语)
2. 人称代词用在引导比较状语从句的than/as之后,用主格和宾格形式都可以。例如:
I can run faster than he/him.
3. 人称代词作并列主语时的排列顺序:
(1)单数的排列通常为:you and I;you, he/she and I。 I 放在最后。
(2)复数的排列通常为:you and we; we and they; we, you and they。
二、物主代词
物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
1. 形容词性物主代词作定语,修饰名词。形容词性物主代词还可以和own连用。例如:
My cat is white. 我的猫是白色的。
This is a house of his own. 这是他自己的房子。
2. 名词性物主代词在句中作主语、表语或宾语,相当于在对应的形容词性物主代词后加上名词。例如:
My pen is red, but hers is yellow. (作主语,hers=her pen)我的钢笔是红色的,但是她的钢笔是黄色的。
These books are mine. (作表语,mine=my books)这些书是我的。
My bike is broken. May I use yours (作宾语,yours=your bike)我的自行车坏了。我可以用你的(自行车)吗
三、反身代词
1. 作动词或介词的宾语。例如:
I teach myself English. 我自学英语。
She is looking at herself in the mirror. 她正看着镜中的自己。
2. 作主语或宾语的同位语,起强调作用。作主语同位语时可置于主语后或句末;作宾语同位语时通常紧跟宾语。例如:
I myself repaired the car. =I repaired the car myself.
我自己修理汽车。
Did you see the manager himself
你见到经理本人了吗
3. 用于某些惯用词组。例如:
We enjoyed ourselves at the party. 我们在派对上玩得很开心。
Help yourself to some cakes. 请吃点蛋糕。
4. “by +反身代词” 意为 “独立地,单独地”,相当于without help或alone。例如:
I can cook by myself. 我能自己做饭。
四、指示代词
指示代词包括this、that、these、those。this、these表示近指;that、those表示远指。
五、疑问代词
疑问代词包括who、whom、what、whose、which。除引导疑问句外,还可用来引导主语从句、宾语从句,表语从句等。
六、关系代词
关系代词包括whom、who、whose、which、that。关系代词可用来引导定语从句。
七、不定代词
不定代词数量较多、用法灵活。常见的有all、every、each、both、some、any、many、much、one、either、neither、other、another、no、none、few、little等,以及复合不定代词something、anything、everything、nothing、somebody、anybody、everybody、nobody等。
一些常见的不定代词的用法如下:
1. 复合不定代词:由every、some、any、no与one、body、thing构成的复合代词通常只有单数形式,谓语动词用单数,修饰语要后置。例如:
Do you want something else 你想要些别的什么吗
There is nothing important. 没有什么重要的事。
2. every与each的用法区别。
(1)every表示 “(三个或三个以上的)每一个”,不能直接与of连用。例如:
Every student in my class has an English-Chinese dictionary. 我们班每个学生都有一本英汉词典。
(2)each表示 “(两者或两者以上的)每一个”,后面跟单数名词,可与of连用。例如:
Each child has a kite. 每个孩子有一只风筝。
Each of us had a good time playing by the lake. 我们每个人都在湖边玩得很开心。
3. one与it的用法区别。
(1)one常代替前面出现过的可数名词,表示泛指,相当于 “a/an+单数名词”。例如:
My watch is broken. I need to buy one. (one = a watch)我的手表坏了,我得买一块。
(2)it常代替前面出现过的不可数名词或单数名词,表示特指,相当于 “限定词+单数名词”。例如:
—Are you using your pen 你正在用你的钢笔吗
—Yes, I’m using it now. 是的,我正在用。
4. few、a few与little、a little的用法区别。
(1)few意为 “很少,几乎没有”,修饰可数名词,表示否定。例如:
She has few books. 她没有几本书。
(2)a few意为 “一些,几个”,修饰可数名词,表示肯定。例如:
The work needs a few workers. 这项工作需要几个工人。
(3)little意为 “很少,几乎没有”,修饰不可数名词,表示否定。例如:
Sorry, I have little money on me. 不好意思,我身上没带钱。
(4)a little意为 “一些,些许”,修饰不可数名词,表示肯定。例如:
I have only a little information about the project. 关于这个项目,我只有一点资料。
5.both、neither、either、all的用法区别。
(1)both表示 “两者都”,后接复数动词。例如:
Both women were French. 两名妇女都是法国人。
(2)neither表示 “两者都不”,本身已含否定意义,常用于 “neither … nor …” 结构中,意为 “既不……也不……”,谓语动词遵循 “就近原则”。例如:
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。
Neither I nor he is right.= Neither he nor I am right. 我和他都不对。
(3)either表示 “两者中的任一个”,常用于 “either … or …” 结构中,意为 “要么……要么……”,谓语动词遵循 “就近原则”。此外,either也可用于否定句句末,表示 “也”。例如:
Either book looks very interesting. 这两本书中的任何一本看起来都很有趣。
Either you or he is to go.= Either he or you are to go. 要么你去,要么他去。
Pete can’t go and I can’t either. 皮特不能去,我也不能。
(4)all表示 “所有,全部”。指代可数名词复数时,后接复数动词;指代不可数名词时,后接单数动词。例如:
All of the students are here.
所有学生都在这里。
All of the food smells good.
所有的食物闻起来都很香。
6. another、other、the other、others与the others的用法区别。
(1)another意为 “又一,再一”,修饰单数名词,泛指不定数目中的 “另一个”。例如:
This shirt is too small for me. Please show me another one. 对我来说,这件衬衫太小了,请帮我拿另一件。
(2)other意为 “其余的”,others是其名词复数形式。 others常与 some连用,构成 “some … others …” 结构。例如:
Some students in our class are from Guangzhou, others are from Shenzhen. 我们班有一些学生来自广州,另一些来自深圳。
(3)the other意为 “两个当中的另一个”,常与 one 连用,构成 “one … the other … ” 结构。the others 表示特定范围内 “其他的人或物”,相当于 “the other+名词复数形式”。例如:
I have two cats. One is white, the other is black. 我有两只猫。一只是白色的,另一只是黑色的。
There are 42 students in our class. 24 are boys, the others(=the other students) are girls. 我们班有42名学生,其中有24名男生,其余是女生。
7. none、no one、nobody、nothing与no的用法区别。
(1)none用于指人或物,表示 “(三者或三者以上)都不”,常与of连用。作主语时,谓语动词用单复数均可。例如:
None of the money was stolen. 钱没有被偷。(不可数,用单数)
None of us are perfect. 我们都不完美。(强调“我们所有人都不”,用复数更自然)
(2)no one 与nobody只能指人,不能与of 连用。谓语动词用单数。例如:
No one likes a person with bad manners. 没人喜欢没有礼貌的人。
Nobody is happy all the time, but we should try to be happy as often as possible. 没有人会一直快乐,但是我们应该尽可能地常保持快乐。
(3)nothing 指 “没有东西” 或 “没有什么”,谓语动词用单数。例如:
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart in it. 如果你用心,没有什么是困难的。
(4)no为形容词,表示 “没有”,等于not any/not a (an),后接名词。例如:
He has no money. = He doesn’t have any money. 他没有钱。
八、it的用法
1. 指代无生命事物或动植物(尤其在不强调其情感或性别时),可用it。对于被视为伙伴的宠物,则常根据其性别使用he/she。例如:
I have a cat. She is my friend. 我有一只猫。她是我的朋友。
2. it作主语,可以表示时间、距离和自然现象。例如:
It’s five past six. 现在是六时五分。
It’s 500 metres from my home to school. 从我家到学校有500米的路程。
It is a cold day today. 今天天气寒冷。
3. it作形式主语或宾语。例如:
It took me three hours to finish the work yesterday. 昨天我花了三个小时才完成工作。(it作形式主语)
I found it useful to learn English. 我发现学习英语很有用。(it作形式宾语)
4. it指代前面提及的事物。例如:
—What’s that in English 那个用英语怎么说
—It’s a cat. 是一只猫。
【例1】(　　)With wild imagination, she came up with many new
ideas and started to create 　　　　own dishes.
A. her B. hers C. herself
(2025·广东中考)
【解析】本题考查形容词性物主代词的用法。句意:凭借着丰富的想象力,她想出了许多新点子,并开始创造自己的菜肴。A项her(她的,形容词性物主代词); B项hers(她的,名词性物主代词);C项herself(她自己,反身代词)。空格后为名词短语 “own dishes”,应用形容词性物主代词修饰,表示 “她自己的菜肴”。故选A。
【例2】(　　)At the age of seven, David had 　　　　first astronaut
(宇航员) training experience.
A.he B.him C.his
(2023·广东中考)
【解析】本题考查形容词性物主代词的用法。句意:七岁时,大卫就有了他的第一次宇航员训练经历。A项he(他,主格); B项him(他,宾格);C项his(他的,形容词性物主代词)。空格后为名词短语“astronaut training experience”,应用形容词性物主代词修饰,表示 “他的第一次宇航员训练”。故选C。
【例3】(　　)Years went by. Finally, 　　　　hard work paid off.
A.she B.her C.hers
【解析】本题考查形容词性物主代词的用法。句意:多年过去,她的努力最终得到了回报。A项she(她,主格); B项her(她的,形容词性物主代词);C项hers(她的,名词性物主代词)。空格后为名词短语 “hard work”,应用形容词性物主代词修饰,表示 “她的努力”。故选B。
(　　)1.　　　　 dog is over there. 　　　　is very cute.
A.My; Its B.My; It C.It; It
(　　)2.—When’s 　　　　Day
—　　　　 comes in June.
A.Father’s; It B.Father’s; He C.Fathers’; It’s
B
A
(　　)3.This is 　　　　classroom. 　　　　is next to ours.
A.we; Yours B.us; Your C.our; Yours
(　　)4.　　　　 is my dog, and 　　　　are my rabbits over there.
A.This; that B.That; these C.That; those
(　　)5.I made a birthday card for my mother by 　　　　.
A.my B.myself C.me
C
C
B
一、语法选择
请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Ten-year-old Liu Shuhan from a village in Guizhou has drawn public attention. A video shot by her father 　1　 spread online. In the video, the girl jumps onto the edge of a basin(盆子的边缘)with sandbags on her legs, and she walks around the circle smoothly. People were amazed and wondered 　2　 she could do it so well.
(　　)1.A. quick　　　　　　B. quickly　　　　　　C. quickness
(　　)2.A. how B. which C. whether
B
A
Every day before and after school, Shuhan practices kung fu for 　3　 while. Her father also loves kung fu, and Shuhan’s talent 　4　 by her father when she was just 6 years old. Even without any professional (专业的) training, she 　5　 easily do many basic moves. Since then, they 　6　 and practiced together.
(　　)3.A. a B. an C. the
(　　)4.A. noticed B. is noticed C. was noticed
(　　)5.A. might B. could C. should
(　　)6.A. learned B. will learn C. have learned
A
C
B
C
Shuhan is 　7　 of the three children in her family. Each morning, their father asks them to run for one kilometer with sandbags on their bodies to build their strength.
(　　)7.A. young B. younger C. the youngest
C
After Shuhan’s video became popular, a kung fu teacher offered to teach 　8　 for free. Now, she trains every weekend and during holidays. Kung fu makes Shuhan feel confident and happy. She often performs 　9　 her school’s Children’s Day event, and that has won her a lot of praise and respect from many students and teachers.
(　　)8.A. she B. her C. hers
(　　)9.A. of B. at C. on
B
B
Many private clubs in big cities invited Shuhan 　10　 them, but her father said no.“She’s still young,” he said.“I hope she can get proper training in a good kung fu school in the future.”
(　　)10.A. train B. joining C. to join
C
二、短文填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余选项。
The old saying “Good medicine tastes bitter” may no longer be true. For a long time, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)is thought to be good for health but not 1.　　　 　 to eat or drink. However, things are different now.
they　　 as　　　 change　　　restaurant　　　and　　　taste
with　　 make　　 though　　 delicious　 life　 good
delicious
A creative TCM milk tea is 2.　　　　 by Chongqing Jiangbei District Hospital of TCM. It’s not so sweet 3.　　　　 common milk tea and has a little herbal (药草的) smell.“The TCM milk tea is popular. Almost everyone who tries it shares the special 4.　　　　 with friends,” says a doctor from the hospital. At the same time, some 5.　　 have begun offering food and drinks made with TCM. You can now enjoy low-sugar bread and cakes, or ice cream that not only cools you down but also do 6.　　　　 to your body.
made
as
taste
restaurants
good
TCM food and drinks are becoming popular among young people. For one thing, many young people are under sub-health condition because of work and social pressures and they are often called jokingly as “crispy youths”(脆皮青年). They want to 7.　　　　 their unhealthy diets. For another, it’s hard for 8.　　　　 to give up junk food. They think 9. .　　　　 will be boring without it. Now different kinds of TCM food and drinks have been made to meet different tastes, 10.　　　　 more and more young people choose TCM food and drinks. In this way, TCM is no longer just medicine, but a fun and tasty part of everyday life.
change
them
life
and