2026年中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件：专题五形容词和副词

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专题五　形容词和副词
这一专题要求掌握形容词、副词的基本用法及区别,形容词、副词的比较级的构成及用法。
一、形容词
1. 形容词的基本作用是对名词起修饰、描绘作用,表示名词的性质、特征,在句子中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。但要注意,有些形容词,如alone、afraid、asleep等通常用作表语,而不作前置定语。例如:
误:Don’t wake the asleep baby up.
正:The baby is asleep. Don’t wake him up. 宝宝睡着了,别把他吵醒。
2. 形容词修饰something、anything、nothing等不定代词时,要放在这些词的后面。例如:
I have something important to tell you. 我有件重要的事要告诉你。
3. 多个修饰语作定语时的顺序:
(1)冠词或人称代词所有格;(2)数词;(3)性质;(4)大小;(5)形状;(6)老小、新旧;(7)颜色;(8)质地、国籍、用途。例如:
There is a fine old stone building over there. 那边有一座精美的古老石砌建筑。
He still lives in this small short house. 他仍住在这间低矮的小屋里。
She bought ten beautiful Chinese cups. 她买了十个漂亮的中国杯子。
4. 形容词的名词化。有些形容词,如rich、poor、young、old、sick、living等,前面加定冠词后具有名词的意义,表示一类人,其谓语常用复数形式。例如:
We should take care of the old. 我们应该照顾好老人。
The rich are not always happier than the poor. 富人不一定总是比穷人快乐。
5. 形容词比较级可以用much、far、even、a lot、a little等表示程度的词修饰。例如:
This film is much more interesting than that one. 这部电影比那部有趣得多。
6. 形容词最高级的用法:
(1)主语+系动词+the+形容词最高级+of(in)+范围。 例如:
She is the tallest student in our class. 她是我们班上最高的学生。
(2)one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词。例如:
Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. 桂林是世界上最美丽的城市之一。
(3)形容词最高级前可用序数词修饰。例如:
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国的第二长河流。
7. 以 -ing结尾的形容词和以-ed结尾的形容词的比较:
以-ing结尾的形容词表示主动意义,多指事物影响到人,意思是 “使人(感到)……的”。以-ed结尾的形容词表示被动意义,多指人受到事物的影响,意思是 “感到……的”,常用于 “be+以-ed结尾的形容词+介词” 结构,有时也作定语用。例如:
We are all surprised at his surprising words. 听到他令人惊奇的话语,我们都觉得很惊讶。
The twins are both interested in this interesting book. 这对双胞胎都对这本有趣的书感兴趣。
二、副词
1. 副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词以及整个句子,通常在句中作状语、表语、定语和宾语补足语。例如:
She sat there quietly. 她静静地坐在那里。(作状语,修饰动词)
My mother is out. 我妈妈出去了。(作表语)
Luckily, he is not badly hurt. 幸运的是,他伤得不重。(luckily修饰整个句子,badly修饰动词hurt)
2. 副词根据其意义和用法,可分为表示时间、地点、方式、频度、程度的副词。
(1)表示时间、地点、方式的常用副词。
表示时间的常用副词有since、now、today、yesterday、yet、before等。表示地点的常用副词有home、here、there、inside、around、near、everywhere等。表示方式的常用副词有early、slowly、carefully、easily等。
(2)表示频度的常用副词有always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、never等。
(3)表示程度的常用副词有greatly、deeply、quite、very、too、enough等。
3. 副词的位置。
(1)多数副词放在动词之后或句末(宾语或状语之后)。例如:
The sun shines brightly in the sky. 太阳在天上明亮地照耀着。
The children are listening to their teacher carefully. 孩子们正在仔细地听老师讲课。
(2)频度副词通常放在行为动词之前,系动词be、助动词或情态动词之后。例如:
I often go to work at 7:30. 我经常在7点30分去上班。
Linda is never late for school. 琳达上学从来不迟到。
My brother can always make people laugh. 我弟弟总是能让人发笑。
(3)enough修饰形容词和副词时要后置,修饰名词则不用后置。例如:
She is old enough to go to school. 她年龄够大了,可以去上学了。
We have enough water for a picnic. 我们野餐有足够的水。
三、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成
1. 规则变化:
情况 方法 例词
一般情况 直接加-er、-est tall—taller—tallest
fast—faster—fastest
以字母e结尾的形容词 加-r、-st nice—nicer—nicest
以 “辅音字母+y” 结尾的形容词 先把y改为i,再加-er、-est dry—drier—driest
heavy—heavier—heaviest
以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的形容词 先双写该辅音字母,再加-er、-est thin—thinner—thinnest
hot—hotter—hottest
2. 几个常用形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化见下表:
原级 比较级 最高级
good, well better best
bad, ill, badly worse worst
many, much more most
little less least
far farther further farthest
furthest
old elder oldest
3. 双音节(以 “辅音字母+y” 结尾的除外)及多音节的形容词和副词的比较等级的变化的方法是: 在形容词或副词前面加more、most。例如:
delicious—more delicious—most delicious　
heavily—more heavily—most heavily
4. 有些形容词无比较级和最高级,如dead、empty、right、wrong等。
四、形容词、副词的比较级的用法
1. 表示两者在某一方面相同时,用 “as+形容词/副词原级+as” 结构。例如:
Jack is as tall as his sister. 杰克和他姐姐一样高。
The little boy runs as fast as his pet dog. 那个小男孩和他的宠物狗跑得一样快。
2. 表示一方在某一方面不如另一方时,用 “not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as” 结构。例如:
My sister is not as/so old as yours. 我姐姐的年龄没有你姐姐的大。
3. 表示一方在某一方面超过另一方时,用 “形容词/副词的比较级+than” 结构。例如:
My bike is more expensive than yours. 我的自行车比你的贵。
4. 表示三者或三者以上的人或事物的比较,其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时,用 “the+形容词/副词的最高级+in/of/among” 结构(副词最高级前的the可省略)。例如:
Lily is the youngest in our class. 莉莉是我们班年纪最小的。
He studies (the) hardest among us. 他在我们当中学习最努力。
5. 形容词和副词的比较级的两个常用句型:
(1)对于单音节和部分双音节的形容词/副词,使用 “比较级+and+比较级” 结构表示 “越来越……”;对于多音节的形容词/副词,则使用 “more and more+原级结构”。例如:
When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer. 春天来了,天气越来越暖和了。
The story gets more and more exciting. 这个故事越来越精彩了。
(2) “the+比较级+……,the+比较级+……” 结构表示 “越……,就越……”。例如:
The more we get together, the happier we’ll be. 我们聚得越多,就越开心。
【例1】(　　)As Lily grew up, she learned more about the food and tried
cooking 　　　　dishes than before.
A. difficult B. more difficult C. the most difficult
(2025·广东中考)
【解析】本题考查形容词的比较级。句意:随着莉莉逐渐长大,她对食物有了更多的了解,并且尝试做起了比以前更复杂的菜肴。difficult,形容词的原级形式;more difficult,形容词的比较级形式;the most difficult,形容词的最高级形式。根据介词than可知此处形容词用比较级形式,故选B。
【例2】(　　)Peter’s mother even suggests giving pocket money to
children as 　　　　as when they are four.
A. early B. earlier C. earliest
(2024·广东中考)
【解析】本题考查副词的原级。句意:彼得的母亲甚至建议,孩子们四岁的时候就应该开始发放零花钱。early,副词的原级形式;earlier,副词的比较级形式;earliest,副词的最高级形式。根据 “as+形容词/副词的原级+as” 结构可知,此处副词用原级形式,故选A。
【例3】(　　)For him, a space camp is 　　　　than any other camp
in the world.
A. great B. greater C. the greatest
(2023·广东中考)
【解析】本题考查形容词的比较级。句意:对他来说,太空营比世界上任何其他野营都好。 great,形容词的原级形式;greater,形容词的比较级形式;the greatest,形容词的最高级形式。根据介词than可知形容词需用比较级形式,故选B。
【例4】(　　)Wang Yiyi passed the test successfully and became a
student of that school. She worked very 　　　　.
A. hard B. harder C. the hardest
(2022·广东中考)
【解析】本题考查副词的原级。句意:王一一顺利通过了考试,成了那所学校的一名学生。她学习很努力。hard,副词的原级形式;harder,副词的比较级形式;the hardest,副词的最高级形式。work very hard,意为 “非常努力工作、学习”,此处无比较含义,故选A。
【例5】(　　)It’s 　　　　hanging bridge for walkers in the world.
A. longer B. the longer
C. longest D. the longest
(2021·广东中考)
【解析】本题考查形容词的最高级。句意:这是世界上供行人通行的最长的吊桥。 longer,形容词的比较级形式;the longer,形容词的比较级形式,用于比较两个特定事物;longest,形容词的最高级形式,但缺少 “the”,语法不完整;the longest,形容词的最高级形式。根据句意可知在世界范围内比较,用形容词的最高级形式,且最高级前通常需加定冠词 “the”,故选D。
(　　)1. Li Lei is 　　　　of the three boys. He always helps people.
A.friendly B. more friendly C. the most friendly
(　　)2. The 　　　　you are, the 　　　　mistakes you’ll make.
A. more careful;more
B. less careful;fewer
C. more careful;fewer
C
C
(　　)3. AI technology in China has developed 　　　　than anyone
expected.
A. fast B. faster C. fastest
(　　)4. —The old man lives 　　　　, so he may feel 　　　　.
—We should visit him twice a month.
A. alone;lonely B. lonely;alone C. alone;alone
(　　)5. A good friend is as 　　　　as a happy family.
A. important B. more important C. the most important
B
A
A
一、语法选择
请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
I like music so much that I even think I can’t live without it. Once I 　1　 by a friend why I was so crazy about it. I replied,“Oh, there are two reasons. First, I would like to look deep into my heart and find 　2　 through the music I like. And the other reason is that I 　3　 connect with other people and share my inner world with the help of music.”
(　　)1. A. am asked B. was asked C. was asking
(　　)2. A. my B. mine C. myself
(　　)3. A. can B. should C. must
B
C
A
My friend asked for further explanation. As we know, at the very beginning of human history, our ancestors(祖先) 　4　 the unique power of music. They sang when they worked together. As time went by, people started to create different 　5　 of music. People became much better at enjoying music. They didn’t just pay attention to the surface 　6　 went deep into the soul of music. They began to know the relationship 　7　 music and their own life. They realized the power of music and started to use music 　8　 their feelings.
(　　)4. A. find B. will find C. found
(　　)5. A. kinds B. kind’s C. kinds’
(　　)6. A. but B. and C. so
(　　)7. A. from B. between C. about
(　　)8. A. expressing B. expressed C. to express
C
A
A
B
C
Nowadays, people take a 　9　 interest in music than ever before. Music has become 　10　 international language today. People all over the world like it very much.
(　　)9. A. great B. greater C. greatest
(　　)10. A. the B. an C. a
B
B
二、短文填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余选项。
and　　 suggestion　　end　　 express　　for　　full
much suppose but wisely I with
Looking back on the past three years, many sweet memories well up in my mind. I’m 1.　　　　 of happiness and excitement. I remember meeting all 2.　　　　 lovely classmates and kind, caring teachers in Grade 7. Along the way, I ever met lots of difficulties, but
3.　　　　 the help of my classmates and teachers, I succeeded in overcoming them. At the same time, I learned how to choose 4.　　　　. None of us could make such progress without the support of our school, teachers and classmates. At this moment, words cannot 5.　　 　 my gratitude(感谢).
full
my
with
wisely
express
To make our school better, I’d like to give our lovely school two 6.　　　 　. First, students’ pressure from too 7.　 　 homework should be cut down. As the saying goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy”. Second, we are 8.　　 　　 to plant some trees around our school buildings if possible. Not only can they keep the air fresh, 9.　　　　 they can also provide students with shade(树荫).
It’s hard to believe how fast the time went by. Junior high school days are coming to an 10.　　　. My dear classmates, although we’re going to go our separate ways, I hope you can have a bright future.
suggestions
much
supposed
but
end