2026年中考英语复习专题课件★★★ 阅读理解课件(共157张PPT)

(共157张PPT)
2026年中考英语复习专题课件★★★ 阅读理解
中考解题技巧
类型一　阅读理解A、B篇
广东中考阅读理解A、B篇主要考查的题型有逻辑排序题、细节理解题、代词指代题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、推理判断题。下面我们就重点讲讲这几种常考题型的解题技巧。
内容还原题
内容还原题是2024年广东中考阅读理解题中的新考法，出现在B篇的第56题。 内容还原题是推理判断题的一种形式，要求考生在阅读短文后，根据短文内容选出能还原到文中空白处的最佳选项，使文章意思完整且符合逻辑。
内容还原题主要考查学生的逻辑分析、理解和谋篇布局的能力。
【例题】 　▲　 The ways to make niangao include braise， stir-fry， deep-fry， piece-fry， soup cooks and so on.Stir-fried niangao with sugar is quite popular.
(　　)Which of the following can be put in “　▲　”？
A.Niangao is the most delicious traditional food.
B.Niangao is popular with all the young people.
C.People cook niangao in many different ways.
D.People like giving niangao to friends on holidays.
分析：根据下文“The ways to make niangao include…”可知本段主要介绍制作年糕的各种方式，C选项“人们做年糕的方法有很多种”最适合放入空格处，故选C。
跨学科综合题
跨学科综合题是2024年广东中考阅读理解题中的新考法，出现在B篇的第57题。 跨学科综合题要求考生在理解文意的基础上，把握关键信息并结合所学知识，选出正确的答案。此题型考查学生综合运用能力，属于高阶层次题目。
【例1】
Which one can show the relationship between time and the temperature in a car？
A　　　 B　　　 C　　　 D
分析：根据图表可知，随着时间的推移，车内的温度从43 ℃上升为 51 ℃；时间和温度呈正相关的线性关系，故选D。
【例2】 Read the Tang poem A spring morning below.Its theme is about 　　　　.
A.history　 B.sights　 C.friendship　 D.festivals
分析：结合语文知识可知，这是孟浩然的《春晓》，描绘了一幅春天早晨绚丽的图景，故答案选B。
图文理解题
图文理解题是2022年广东中考阅读理解题中的新题型，出现在A篇的第52题。图文理解题要求考生在理解文章内容的前提下，选出正确的图片答案。此题型对文章细节要求较高，注意把握关键信息，比较图片不同，利用排除法，得出正确答案。
A　　　　 B　　　　 C　　　　D
对点训练Owners of the floating homes never need to worry about floods or rising waters again.The houses are fixed at the side of the lake， but are free to move upwards or downwards depending on the level of the water.
(　 　)Which may be a picture of the floating house？
　B　
推理判断题
中考英语阅读理解题中，那些要求通过词、句、段，或通过计算去判断其他含义的题目属于推理判断题。推理判断题的考查每年都在中考英语阅读理解题中占有一定的比例。
推理判断的题目中常含有suggest， mean， learn， know， purpose等词，或表示推测的情态动词can， could， might， would以及表示推断的副词probably， most likely等。2023年广东中考首次在A篇阅读中出现推断写作目的的题目。
推理判断题干扰选项的设置通常有以下特点：(1)将文章中一些从字面含义上就能了解到的信息作为干扰项；(2)将不符合事实、逻辑的判断推理结果作为干扰项。
解答这类问题，头脑应当清楚：问题是要求把正确的选项选出，还是要求把错误的选项选出。有的考生不看清问题，就去选择选项，想当然地把正确的、符合文章事实的一项圈出，而问题问的却是“Which of the following is not true (mentioned)？”，结果误选。
推理判断题的四个选项的设计一般有三种情况：
①四个选项中的信息集中在一两个句子里。这种是非题比较容易做。只要找到相关句，细细读一下就不难选定正确答案。
②四个选项中的信息集中在一段里。这样查读的范围要大一些，但还是比较容易的。验证一个，排除一个，答案就出来了。
③四个选项中的信息分散在全文。这种是非题就比较难做，因为要花较多的时间去找各个相关句，一一去查证。一般说来，应首先把四个选项都看一遍，根据第一遍读的印象和基本常识，尽可能先排除掉一两个，以减少查证的选项。实在排除不了，需要到文章中去一一查证的，次序也应从易到难，即从印象最深的、相关句最易找的、最容易证实的那个选项开始查。
【例题】Do you still remember the great snacks in your childhood？ Do they remind you of your happy childhood？
Sugar Figure(糖人)
In the old days， you could always find people making sugar figures at the school gate…
Dada Bubble Gum(泡泡糖)
Almost every kid is fond of bubble gum…
Baby Face Ice Cream
We prefer to call it snowman ice cream…
Malt Sugar Candy
Malt Sugar Candy is usually called Tangguar in northern China and is offered…
(　　)What is the purpose of the passage？
A.To sell some popular snacks.
B.To tell some funny stories.
C.To remember the poor childhood.
D.To introduce some great snacks.
分析： 根据文章列出的四种零食可知，文章的目的是介绍一些好吃的零食，故选D。
推理计算题：计算题也是推理判断题中常见的形式，此类试题要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。
主旨大意题(含段落大意题)
主旨大意题主要考查考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力，一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或题目设题。这类题目考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
主旨大意题的测试内容主要侧重“概括文章大意”和“确定文章的最佳标题”。常见设问形式的题干主要有：
A.标题类
(1)The best title/headline for this passage might be_______.
(2)What is the best title for the passage？
(3)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage？
B.大意类
(1)This passage chiefly deals with________.
(2)What’s the topic of the article？
(3)What is the subject discussed in the text？
做主旨大意题时常用的方法是“略读法”。快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句。把各个段落的主题句联系起来，着眼于全文结构安排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。文章的标题是中心思想最精炼的表达形式，选择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文，不能太大也不能太小。考生要特别留意命题者在出这类题时，常常利用生活常识编造干扰项，把文中的细节当主旨，利用局部信息编造干扰项，编制超出文章范围的标题或不能涵盖文章中心意义的标题来考查考生的理解程度。
1.标题类阅读理解题的解题技巧
标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。在阅读中不仅要求考生能够通过自己已知的信息概括出段落的中心思想，而且还要对概括出的中心思想加以提炼，拟定出段落的标题，在测试中能够迅速而准确地选择标题。
文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章讨论的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
【例题】You can ask Amazon’s virtual (虚拟的) helper， Alexa， for a lot of things.She can play music， read news and tell you the weather.You can even ask her to tell the meaning of artificial intelligence(人工智能).
“Artificial intelligence，”Alexa says， “is the ability of a computer program or a machine to think or learn.” What Alexa fails to mention is that she herself is a form of artificial intelligence.
Artificial intelligence， or AI， is all around us…
Much of today’s AI is based on…
AI has the power to do…
AI is changing many parts of our lives…
(　　)Which can be the best title for this passage？　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.What is AI　 B.AI products
C.Machines and devices　 D.Machine learning
分析：整篇文章围绕着“artificial intelligence(AI)”这个主题展开阐述，每段段首都是该段的中心句，分别介绍了artificial intelligence(AI)的定义、性能与作用。从这个主题和中心句内容可推断“What is AI”这个标题最为准确，故选A。
2.大意类阅读理解题的解题技巧
主旨大意类阅读理解题的一般范围是：基本论点、文章大意、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度的概括或总结，属于高层次题。
解答该题型最关键的是找出主题句，把握文章主旨。主题句多在文章的开头或结尾，有的出现在中间。概括大意一般是先看首尾或各段开头，再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文中寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注意一些表示转折含义的词，如but， yet， however， although， in spite of等。当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息，准确归纳主旨大意。
对点训练1Solar energy is a new kind of source of energy which is widely used and produces little pollution.The most widely used one is the flat-plate collector.It consists of a black metal plate， covered with one or two sheets of glass…
Another one is solar ponds which are bodies of salt water designed to collect and store solar energy.The heat taken from such ponds can be used for chemicals， food and textiles (纺织品).It can also be used to warm greenhouses， swimming pools and buildings.Solar ponds are sometimes used to produce electricity.Yet solar ponds are expensive to install and keep.So they are not often used to warm in rural areas.
(　 　)What’s the best title for this passage？
A.Application of Solar Energy　
B.Storage of Solar Energy
C.Advantages of Solar Energy　
D.The Work System of Solar Energy
★段落大意题是2022年广东中考阅读理解题中出现的新考法，出现在B篇第56题。段落大意题主要考查学生对段落大意的总结归纳能力。解题方法主要有：摘句归纳法(首尾句)、合并归纳法、取主舍次法等。
　A　
对点训练2Jerry is a world-famous mountain climber.He has climbed many high mountains in the world.Starting in 2015， he and his friends spent two years on an adventure (探险) in South America， covering 7，800 miles.He was even named Adventurer of the Year by a famous geography magazine in 2018.
(　 　)What is Paragraph 1 mainly about？
A.Jerry’s friends. B.Jerry’s achievements.
C.High mountains. D.A geography magazine.
　B　
词义猜测题
猜测词义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。从2021年中考开始，B篇阅读词义猜测题由猜中文意思改为猜英文释义。学生运用英语释义猜词的过程其实是引导学生用英语思考、用英语理解的过程，对学生的技能要求更高。因此，在备考过程中，既要训练英语思维，也要拓展词汇量。 本题难度较大。猜测词义的方法主要有：
1.根据文章中心或主题猜测词义。
一般来说，要查找的生词都是与揭示文章主题有一定联系的，如果能够把握好文章的中心，往往有助于猜测出文章中的生词的含义。
【例题】Jordan was born with a disability.But she says her difference doesn’t hold her back—it makes her amazing.
When Jordan was having a new dance class at the age of 8， she noticed that some kids were staring at her.The kids were looking at her left arm.It stops above the elbow(肘部).
Each year， about 2，000 babies in the United States are born with limb differences， like Jordan was.That means they are missing all or part of an arm or a leg.With only one hand， Jordan has a tough time doing certain activities like tying her shoes.She sometimes uses a prosthetic(假体)arm to help her ride her bike.
(　　)What does the underlined word “limb” in
Paragraph 3 mean？
A.Eyes or ears. B.Noses or mouths.
C.Arms or legs. D.Hair or skin.
分析：从首段可知Jordan是残疾人；结合下划线单词后一句“That means they are missing all or part of an arm or a leg.”可推断答案选C。
2.利用构词法猜测词义
构词法是一种能快速有效地判断生词含义的方法。英语中，常见的构词法主要有合成法、派生法和转换法(详见夹件《构词法(拓展词汇集训)》)。
英语中有大量的单词是通过合成或加前后缀构成的。理解某个派生词的词根含义以及前后缀的作用与含义，那么它的词性和含义就显而易见了。
【例题】A two-year-old girl with a deadly cancer may have been saved by her $3 toothbrush.Katie Lolley was found to have a rare eye tumor(肿瘤) after a flashing light on the brush warned her mother of an uncommon white reflection(反射光) on her eye， reports The Sun.
Doctors said they had caught it just in time to save Katie’s life， and would reportedly perform an emergency operation to remove her eye.
“If it wasn’t for that flashing toothbrush， we may never have seen the tumor—at least， not until it was too late，” said Katie’s mother Rebecca.
(　　)The underlined word “remove” means “　　　　” in this passage.
A.take B.fix C.pick D.make
分析：remove的词根是move，前缀为re。 re-“相反；反对；不” + move“移动”→往反方向移动→移开。此处句意为“患眼癌的眼睛需要摘除”，故选A。这篇短文中也有不少派生词和合成词，如： deadly(致命的)，toothbrush(牙刷)，uncommon(罕见的)，reportedly(据报道)，operation(手术)，故可看出构词法在阅读理解过程中发挥着重要的作用。
对点训练1Although Jerry had achieved great success， he didn’t feel fulfilled.He asked himself， “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains？ Am I doing something helpful？ How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world？”
(　 　)What does the underlined word “fulfilled” mean？
A.Satisfied. B.Lonely. C.Patient. D.Worried.
　A　
3.根据上下文的同义或对比关系来理解词义。
同位关系是指文章中与之相关的同义词、同位语、定语(从句)等，如果能够借助它们的解释或定义，则很容易猜测出词义来。根据同义关系猜测词义，关键是要了解显示同义关系的线索。换句话说，破折号、逗号等标点符号，以及or， and， in other words， that’s to say， namely等词或短语就是这种线索。定语从句主要起修饰限制或补充说明先行词内容或性质的作用。因此，我们可以根据定语从句的内容推测出先行词的词义。对比关系是指上下文中的一些连词经常被用来表示转折关系，如果能够抓住说明事物的这种比较和对照的方法，就会给人“柳暗花明又一村”的感觉。常见的表示转折关系的词有but， however， instead， yet等。上文中的某些词或句子往往会为下文的生词埋下伏笔或做出暗示，也往往会在下文有呼应的地方。
【例题】Life is too short and uncertain.What I say is not new at all， but it is important.If you are reading this， I am no longer with you.You are alone now.I’m not there to help you or give you any kind of advice.But I have faith that the steps you take will be sound and wise.
(　　)The underlined word “sound” means “　　　　” in the passage.
A.loud　 B.dangerous　 C.reasonable　 D.respectable
分析：loud大声的；dangerous危险的；reasonable合理的；respectable值得尊敬的。由并列连词and可知，下划线单词与wise意思相近；结合句意“但我相信你所走的每一步都是明智的”，故选C。
对点训练2 The area’s first residents started living in their floating homes back in around 2010， and， so far， their opinions have been very positive.Rik Bos， who is a resident of Uburg， enjoys admiring the beautiful view from his new house.
(　 　)What does the underlined word “residents”
mean？
A.Those who sell houses. B.Those who build houses.
C.Those who live in a place. D.Those who work on a river.
　C　
4.根据上下文的因果关系或顺承关系猜测词义。
有什么样的原因就会产生什么样的结果，因果关系是文章中一种普遍的语言表达关系。在这种关系中如果知道了原因，结果也就知道了；反之，如果知道了结果，原因也就不难发现。
【例题】For a long time， Mum and I lived a peaceful life.Then one day，Jim came over for lunch， wearing a blue suit with a short brown tie and a green shirt.I couldn’t believe he was going to be my stepfather(继父).
Lunch was terrible.Mum kept trying to start a conversation，but neither Jim nor I would say much.Something unpleasant happened， but I didn’t mean to do it.When I was handing Jim his blackberry pie，the plate slipped and the dark purple berries stuck to his shirt and tie.
I was mortified.My face turned bright red.Jim looked very surprised at first， but then he began to laugh.I started to laugh， too.Then I had a quick look at my mother.She looked happier than I had seen her before.
(　　)The underlined word “mortified” means “　　　　 ”.
A.happy B.bored C.embarrassed D.angry
分析：happy快乐的；bored无聊的；embarrassed 尴尬的；angry生气的。根据上文的unpleasant可先排除“快乐的”。上一段提到“我”不小心把黑莓酱弄到了Jim的衬衣和领带上，画线词后面也提到了“我”的脸变得通红，可推知“我”因为这件事而感到尴尬，而不是“无聊”或“生气”。故选C。
对点训练3Sea grasses are flowering plants that grow in waters near coasts.They grow together in thick fields， known as meadows.Sea grass meadows help clean the ocean’s water.They also provide food for animals like fish.The climate change and human pollution are threatening sea grass meadows in many places around the world.
(　 　)What does the underlined word “threatening” mean？
A.Giving help to. B.Bringing danger to.
C.Planting more. D.Improving.
　B　
5.根据生活经验或常识猜测词义。
已有的生活经验和常识，往往会给阅读后的理解提供有力的支持。借助已有的，推测陌生的，这就上升到了能力的提高，使生词的破解成为可能。
【例题】Across the city， people are making an effort to save water.They are taking 90-second showers.They are washing their clothes less often.Using tap water to wash cars or fill swimming pools is not allowed.Those caught using too much water are punished.
For some people， rationing (定量供应)now becomes normal.Kelson da Cruz keeps one container of water near the shower.He uses another for brushing his teeth and washing his face.He uses non-drinking water to flush the toilet.
(　　)The underlined word “flush” means 　　　　in the passage.
A.wash　 B.fill　 C.paint　 D.drive
分析：从上文“Across the city， people are making an effort to save water.”可知人们在努力节约水资源；结合生活常识可知，居民通常用非饮用水来冲洗厕所这种方式节约水资源，故选A。
总结：有些词的确切含义还须综合应用几种方法才能正确猜出。
逻辑排序题
逻辑排序题在2017年广东中考中出现过，出现在A篇的最后一题。逻辑排序题不仅要求考生在有限的时间内充分理解文章的内容，而且重点考查逻辑思维能力，着实让不少考生头疼。逻辑排序题常采用“观察+对比+定位+排除”的方法：首先观察选项的特点，一般情况下，四个选项中都是有两个相同的顺序组合作为事件发生的顺序开头，到文中去定位，排除错误的选项；接着进行第二轮对比排除，最后得到正确答案。下面介绍常用的解题方法：
1.先易后难。选择自己最熟悉、最明显的答案先判断，根据“先易后难”的原则逐个排除。
2.找关键词。如表顺序的at first， first， second， third等。
3.上下句联系。这种题所采用的语句一般都是在上句与下句或上半句与下半句之间有一定的对应关系，我们只要抓住它们的联系就可以解答了。
对点训练To enter the competition，please visit the Centre Shop to pay ￡5 for each poem.Once the payment is made，please email the poem(s) to poetrycomp@center.uk.Remember to mark Open or ESL in the top right-hand corner of the document(文档) to show which group to enter before emailing your poem(s).
Questions about the competition can be emailed to poetrycomp@center.uk.
(　 　)Which is the correct order for poets to enter the competition？
① Pay ￡5 for each poem.
② Visit the Centre Shop.
③ Email their poem(s) to poetrycomp@center.uk.
④ Mark Open or ESL in the top right-hand corner of their document.
A.①②③④ B.②①③④ C.②①④③ D.③④②①
　C　
细节理解题
在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。广东中考阅读理解中细节题的比重占一半以上。细节题主要考查考生对文章中阐述主题的细节与具体事实的把握能力。内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。这些题目有两个共同特点：
(1)凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。
(2)干扰项往往是主题思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。
因此，解答这类试题时，考生应快速阅读材料，抓住大意后，迅速浏览考题，确定关键词。然后，根据这些关键词，运用查读法，迅速查找关键信息，进而分析这些信息的结构和意义，理清逻辑关系，最后确定正确答案。
对点训练Pretty cool， right？ It’s not surprising that people in other cities have got in touch with Laura， hoping that she could help develop similar projects for their communities.
(　 　)People in other cities would like Laura to 　　　.
A.find a truck driver B.visit their communities
C.give away food to them D.help develop projects like hers
　D　
代词指代题
代词指代题常见的类型有：
1.The word “…” in the passage probably means 　　　　.
2.The underlined word “…” in the passage refers to 　　　　.
3.In this passage， the underlined word “…” refers to　　　　.
做这类题时，常见的解题技巧有：
1.确定指代对象。首先要分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象是人还是物，避免误判，要有目的地做题。
2.确定指代对象的数量。代词所指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词，一定要在理解句子意思的基础上进行判断。只有判断准确，才能理解文章的意思，准确理解题目的要求。
3.确定指代范围。在认真阅读的基础上明确代词的指代范围。只有明确了代词所表示的具体范围，才能搞清楚文章的逻辑关系和前后文的联系，正确理解文章的中心思想。
对点训练But what exactly is a robot？ There are some important characteristics(特征) that a robot must have.These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot.It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot.A robot has these important characteristics.
(　 　)The underlined word “it” is about 　　　　.
A.the toy B.the characteristic C.the machine D.the engine
　C　
阅读新考法拓展
2024年广东中考阅读理解题更加注重考查学生的思维能力，现补充并未在历年省考中出现但在全国各地均考查的高频新考法。
写作手法题
【解读】要求学生通过阅读全文、分析文章结构及内容、理解文章的语言特点和信息组织方式，从而推测文章的写作手法及行文方式。此类型的题目包括：写作技巧题、写作逻辑概括题、行文方式题等。
1.常见设问形式的题干主要有：
(1)How does the writer develop/describe/explain the topic of…？
(2)How does the writer begin the text？
(3)What writing skills does the writer use in…？
(4)The writer organizes the passage according to　　　　.
(5)At the beginning of the passage， the writer introduces/leads in the topic by 　　　　.
2.常见的写作手法：　　　　　　　形式
by listing numbers　　 列数字
by telling stories　　　 讲故事
by giving examples 举例子
by comparing facts　 作比较
by describing pictures 描述图片
by raising/asking a question　 提问题
by making a definition　 下定义
by analyzing causes　 分析原因
by listing reasons　　　 列原因
by explaining facts　　　 讲事实
by showing differences 展示不同点
3.通过提示词找到对应的写作手法：
(1)for example， for instance　　　　
by giving examples通过举例
(2)as a result，as a consequence　　
by analyzing causes 通过分析原因
(3)that is to say　　　　
by giving definitions通过下定义
(4)xx percent具体数字
by listing data/numbers通过列数字
(5)first， second， third， finally　　　　　　
by describing a process 通过描述过程
(6)in 1920，in the 1940s， nowadays　　
by following time order遵循时间顺序
(7)but， while　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
by making comparisons/contrast通过对比
(8)first， next， then； type；first，second　　
by making classifications通过分类
(9)That is because…　　　　　　　　　　
by analyzing cause and effect通过分析因果
(10)由近及远，由外到内　　　　　
by following space order遵循空间顺序
写作手法题一般考查文章内容呈现的写作方式，主要考查学生识别段落主题展现方式的能力。解答这类题目的思路：
1.题文对照找依据，语言呈现形式，辨析段内提示词。
2.形式对应形式，无法对应找提示。
对点训练As time passes， it has been made into different sizes with colourful paintings.On screens usually appears a dragon.It’s a symbol of light， growth and life-giving water.It also stands for nobility (高尚) and power.The peacock， a beautiful bird， can be seen on screens， too.It’s a symbol of everlasting life.Beautiful flowers， which mean wealth and good luck， are also chosen as a popular design of the pingfeng.All the designs carry people’s beautiful wishes.
(　 　)How does the writer develop his idea in the passage？
A.By telling a story.　　　　　 B.By giving examples.
C.By comparing differences. D.By explaining the result.
　B　
文章结构题
【解读】考查学生对篇章结构的把握能力和逻辑分析能力。这类练习一般与思维导图结合，能培养同学们借助导图分析篇章结构的习惯。
1.常见设问形式的题干主要有：
(1)Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？
(2)What’s the structure of the passage？
(3)How is this passage organized？(P=Paragraph)
2.常见的答案选项：
(1) 总—分—总结构，①是总述，②③④⑤是分述(并列关系)，⑥是总述。
(2) 总—分—总结构，①②是并列总述，②包含了③④⑤，⑥是总述。
(3) 总—分结构，①是总述，②③④⑤⑥是分述(并列关系)。
(4) 分—总结构，①②③④⑤是分述(并列关系)，⑥是总述。
3.常见文章结构类型
(1)描述类(description) (2)因果关系类(cause & effect)
(3)问题方案类(problem & solution) (4)对比与比较(compare & contrast)
(5)流程类(process)
　解答文章结构题需要注重培养阅读的语篇意识，让阅读时的思维活动跳出简单的检索与归纳(即找到正确答案)，进入分析、评价与创造的高阶思维层面，分析篇章结构与内在逻辑关系，理解作者的情感与意图，提升解决相似情境中的复杂问题的能力并迁移创新。 其解题步骤如下：
1.分析答案结构→排除
首先分析答案结构(总—分—总，总—分，分—总)，进行第一次的答案排除。认真阅读每一段的段首句，或寻找中心句或总领全文的句子，这类句子一般在每段的开头或结尾，再寻找段内的关键词，理顺段落的总体关系。
2.观察答案差异→找原文
观察剩余答案的结构差异，缩小答案在文章中的出现范围。在原文中查看段落首句寻找关键逻辑词(如段落间出现also和besides，说明段落间是并列关系，否则可能是包含关系)，确定段落之间的关系，从而做出正确的选择。
对点训练There’s nothing quite like falling sound asleep after a full day of work.Like people， animals need to rest after working hard.Some animals sleep in water.Others dig holes under the ground.Some even sleep high in trees or under leaves.But they all find a way to rest.
Some animals in the sea sleep in strange ways.Fish sleep with their eyes open.They seem to look ahead far into the sea while they rest.Sea otters (海獭) sometimes sleep in beds of the plants that grow in the sea.This keeps them from moving away.Parrotfish blow something from their mouths when they are ready to sleep.Then a bubble (气泡) will be formed around them.The bubble protects them from harm while they sleep.
Some animals sleep under the ground.Chipmunks (花栗鼠) sleep curled up (蜷缩) in a ball.Their beds are made of leaves and grass.In winter， they sleep for two weeks and wake up to eat the stored food.Then they go back to sleep for another two weeks before waking up again.Some desert frogs dig underground holes during the hot， dry season.A frog may stay in its hole for months.
High above the ground， monkeys find leafy places in trees each evening before they sleep.The tall trees help to keep monkeys safe during the night.Some insects even sleep under the leaves that will be their next meal.A bee may climb down into a flower to rest.When it climbs out the next morning， it is rested and ready for work.
A B C D
(　 　)What is the structure of the passage？
(P—Paragraph)
　A　
观点态度题
【解读】理解作者的观点和态度题：既考查学生对字面意思的理解，也考查学生对作者写作目的、态度、观点等的理解。正确理解作者的写作意图、所持的观点及阐述文章主题时的语气或他对所论述对象的态度。
1.题干的常见设问形式主要有：
(1)What’s the author’s attitude towards…？
肯定： positive，supportive，agree，optimistic，helpful，concerned，confident，impressive…
否定：negative，disagree，critical，doubtful…
中立： objective，uncertain…
(2)How did the writer feel about…？
happy，sad，angry，lonely
(3)According to sb. / In one’s opinion，attitude，feel，agree，view…
(4)Sb. hold(s)/argue(s)/contend(s)…that….
2.态度题分类
(1)作者态度：建议看文尾
A.尾段尾句
B.尾段主题句(尾段首句/but之后)
(2)文中态度：在原文寻找关键词
★观点态度题常用的解题方法：
1.通过文章陈述的事实进行推断。
2.根据文章所提供的背景，对人的表情、动作和语言进行推断。
3.根据意图和态度进行推断。
4.把握作者态度或者某人态度时，多注意一下文章主旨句、关键句中的副词、形容词、情态动词/系动词(should/must/seem…)，从这些词的感彩中推测作者或某人的态度。
5.当作者态度或某人态度不明确时，关注一下文章的首段和末段，以及文章出现意思转折(but，however，yet)的地方。
6.如果四个选项中出现了一对具有相反意思的词，那么答案通常是两个其中的一个。
【技巧点拨】有客观选客观，没客观选乐观，没乐观选谨慎，没谨慎选惊讶。
对点训练 It’s certainly an exciting time for electric flying.With companies like Harbour Air taking the lead，battery-powered planes，especially on short-haul journeys，are set to become a reality in the next few years.
(　 　)What is the author’s attitude towards the future of electric flying？
A.Doubtful. B.Negative. C.Optimistic. D.Skeptical.
　C　
人物性格题
【解读】考查学生对文章出现的人物性格、行为特征等综合分析和推断的能力。考生要特别关注有关人物的语言、情感、行为等语句及文中涉及该人物的具体的事实信息，充分利用表达感彩、态度观点的词汇推断人物特征。
1.人物性格推断题常见的提问方式：
(1)Which word can be used to describe sb.？/What best describes sb.？/Which of the following best describes sb.？
(2)What kind of person is sb.？
(3)Sb.is…
(4)What is implied about sb.in the passage？
2.常考的表示人物性格的词汇：
褒义词
贬义词：selfish自私的　irresponsible 不负责任的　narrow-minded气量小的，小心眼的
中性词：demanding要求极严的
brave勇敢的 confident自信的 clever聪明的 talented有才能的
humorous幽默的 independent 独立的 hard-working勤奋的
aggressive有进取心的 ambitious有雄心的 cautious谨慎的
reliable可信赖的 sensible明智的,理智的 knowledgeable知识渊博的
straightforward率直的,坦率的 dependable可靠的 faithful忠诚的
★阅读理解中，分析主要人物的行为，包含人物的语言、动作、神态、心理等，可以通过人物的性格特点和精神品质归纳总结人物特点，比如刚毅、果敢、懦弱等。解答推断人物性格题时，常见的技巧有：
1.把握文章的主要思想，抓住列举的具体事实。先整体把握人物经历、主题，多为弘扬真善美主旋律主题。
2.根据与人物相关的语句进行推断。根据文中作者叙述事情的用词和文中人物的所说、所作、所想，来推断文中人物的性格和情绪、情感。锁定原文答题区间，圈划关键词句，尤其是动词和形容词。
3.比对选项形容词褒贬性，多为并列型，一对一错，确定答案。
对点训练 Ms.Thorpe spent a lot of time encouraging her pupils to apply for college and helped them with their applications and accessing fully-funded scholarships.She helped her senior pupils win more than $6.7 million in scholarships to 11 colleges， with most of them not having to pay for their education.She plans to use the prize money to give less well-off pupils an opportunity of receiving a third level education.“Every person deserves the right to education and I want to be that person who champions that for them.I plan to use the money to help students worldwide access higher education，”she said.“Students are the reason I’m here， so I plan to use that to promote them and create a better future for them.”
(　 　)What best describes Thorpe？
A.Selfless and strict. B.Caring and devoted.
C.Frank and considerate. D.Talented and humorous.
　B　
推断文章后续发展题
【解读】考查学生基于文章内容推测文章结尾的能力。同学们需要了解篇章内容、了解篇章结构后才能选出正确答案。此类型的题目包括：内容还原题、想象推测题等。
1.常见设问形式的题干主要有：
(1)In the next part， the author would most probably discuss 　　　　.
(2)What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows？
(3)What is the possible ending to the…？
(4)What will most probably…in the passage？
2.推断文章后续发展题要求考生预测作者接着要讲什么内容，常用的解题方法：
(1)把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。
(2)把握文章主旨，分析框架结构，注意最后一段的内容，特别留意最后几句话。
对点训练 The aim of time management is not to schedule every moment so we become slaves of a timetable that governs every waking moment of the day.Instead， the aim is to make informed choices as to how we use our time.Rather than letting the day go by， largely without our awareness，what we are going to discuss next can make us better able to control time for our own purposes.
(　 　)In the next part，the author would most probably discuss with you 　　　　.
A.how to keep up with the times
B.how to make up for lost time
C.how to have a good time
D.how to make good use of time
　D　
——阅读还原/阅读填空/还原句子(七选五，六选五，五选五)
【解读】属于补齐阅读类型，要求学生在阅读短文后，根据短文内容，从文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，还原到文中适当的位置，使文章意思完整且符合逻辑，主要考查学生的逻辑分析、理解和谋篇布局的能力。
对点训练
　　根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整。
A.Don’t be busy all the time.
B.Be ready to listen and try to understand.
C.In fact，people give love in different ways.
D.These love languages help us to express love.
E.This kind of language uses words to show love.
Love should not only be a feeling. We should show our love. Although we love our family and friends， sometimes we just don’t know how to show our love to them.1.　 　 Each way can be called a “love language”. Here are some love languages.
First， offering praise. Praise means attention and care.
2.　 　 “You’ve done a good job.” “These shoes look nice on you.” Such praise will make others pleased.
　E　
　C　
Second， giving gifts. A gift means “I care about you”. The gift does not have to be expensive. Perhaps a piece of chocolate is OK.
Third， spending time together.3.　 　 Have a relaxing time and do things we all enjoy. Have a picnic with the family， or visit grandparents to talk to them.
Fourth， being a good listener.4.　 　 When someone is unhappy， what he wants is to be understood. Don’t talk about ourselves too much.
5.　 　 They also make us understand love from others.
　D　
　B　
　A　
类型二　配对阅读
配对阅读主要考查考生对文章的理解能力和信息匹配能力。2024年中考配对阅读考查的是新闻与读后感，阅读词汇量较2023年有所下降，但选项基本上以间接信息为主。
【常见类型】
1.人物——观点配对　　　2.地点——描述配对　　　
3.问题——建议配对 4.需求——广告配对　　　
5.情况——习语配对　　　6.分类题
【解题步骤】
1.认真阅读背景介绍，了解话题或主题。
2.仔细阅读题目，找出不同人物的不同要求，并在关键词下划线，以便为后面的顺利解题创造良好的条件。
3.快速浏览7个备选项，迅速抓住每个备选项的要点。浏览过程中若发现答题所需的具体信息，在关键词或句子下面画线并标上所答的题号，以初步敲定。对那些暂时无法确定的可暂且放置一边，留待第二次阅读时解决。
4.第二次阅读时必须有针对性，主要解决两个问题：一是仔细检查已初步认定的内容与题干是否匹配；二是找到第一遍浏览时尚未找到的信息。
5.为确保准确无误，若有时间可再次将题干和已选择答案的内容进行比较，检查有无谬误或疏漏之处。
注意：每读一段话，做一道题，每确定一题的答案后，将该选项从列表中划去，以免在以后的选择中干扰视线，同时也将相应的短文划去，减少以后的阅读段落。
真题范例(2024·广东)
A
Welcome to Top Discovery Space(TDS)！
This is a good place for you and your kids to have fun through different kinds of hands-on activities，including experiencing 3D-printing，doing chemistry games，growing vegetables and exploring the secrets of space.(第51题答题线索)
All these activities need close parent-child cooperation.It is what we value most.(第52题答题线索)We organize many activities for parents and children to do together.To make sure every visitor enjoys their time at TDS，we have to remind you to follow these rules：
Parents should stay with their children during the visit.For children’s safety，parents must go through the instructions for the activities carefully.(第53题答题线索)
All visitors are required to wear socks(no shoes allowed)within indoor areas.You may ask our workers at the front desk for a pair.
Visitors are not supposed to take photos here.Our teachers will catch your unforgettable moments during your visit.Your photos will be sent to you by email if you need them.
Eating and drinking is only allowed in the picnic area.
Opening time： 9：00 a.m.to 5：00 p.m.every day
Price： 50 dollars for one ticket
Please note： One ticket covers one adult and one child.
Please buy one more ticket for another adult or child.(第54题答题线索)
51.What can visitors do at TDS？ (细节理解题)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.Watch 3D movies. 　　　　　B.Take chemistry tests.
C.Learn about space.　　　　 D.Make vegetable salads.
【答案详解】本文是Top Discovery Space活动的简要介绍和注意事项。
51.C　细节理解题。根据“…including experiencing 3D-printing， doing chemistry games， growing vegetables and exploring the secrets of space.”可知，在TDS可以体验3D打印、做化学游戏、种植蔬菜和探索太空的秘密，故选C。
52.What does TDS care about most？(细节理解题)
A.Parent-child cooperation.　　　　　
B.Children’s learning experience.
C.Children’s health and safety.　　　　　　
D.Teacher-student communication.
【答案详解】A　细节理解题。根据“All these activities need close parent-child cooperation.It is what we value most.”可知，亲子密切合作是TDS最看重的，此处的It指代“parent-child cooperation”，故选A。
53.Who is advised to read the activity directions carefully？(细节理解题)
A.Teachers.　　　　　　　 B.Children.　　　　　　C.Workers.　　　　　　 D.Parents.
【答案详解】D　细节理解题。根据“For children’s safety， parents must go through the instructions for the activities carefully.”可知，家长必须仔细阅读活动说明，故选D。
54.How many tickets do you need if you go to TDS with your parents？(细节理解题)
A.One.　　　B.Two.　 C.Three.　　　 D.Four.
【答案详解】54.B　细节理解题。根据“One ticket covers one adult and one child.Please buy one more ticket for another adult or child.”可知，一张票包括一个大人和一个小孩。请为另一位成人或儿童多买一张票。所以如果你和父母一起去TDS，你需要买2张票，故选B。
55.What kind of text is this passage？(推理判断题/文章体裁题)
A.A story.　 B.A diary.　　 C.A notice.　　　 D.A report.
55.C　推理判断题/文章体裁题。本文是Top Discovery Space活动的注意事项，可推测是一则通知，故选C。
B
People know animals do have feelings，but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood.In recent years，scientists have done research about the feelings of cows， frogs and pandas.　▲　 It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.(第56题答题线索)
The researchers put a bowl behind a door.Inside the bowl，sometimes，there was something chickens love to eat，such as rice or insects.Sometimes，there was nothing.When the chickens saw food behind the door，they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds，known as food calls.When there wasn’t food，the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment.The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves.(第57题答题线索)
Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises.Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food.The recordings were played to 194 volunteers.(第58题答题线索)Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not， and some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens.
The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens.Hopefully，this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising，a big industry in many countries.Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings.This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier.
56.Which of the following can be put in “　▲　”in Paragraph 1？(新题型，内容还原题)
A.Humans may not like animals.
B.Scientists know nothing about it.
C.Nobody knows why this happens.
D.A new study adds chickens to the list.
【答案详解】本文介绍了一个有关鸡叫声的研究，研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤的。
56.D　内容还原题。根据“In recent years， scientists have done research about the feelings of cows， frogs and pandas.… It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.”可知，空前提到牛、青蛙和熊猫，空后提到鸡，选项D “一项新的研究将鸡加入了这个名单” 符合语境，故选D。
57.Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken？(新题型，跨学科综合题)
A　　　　 B　　　　 C　　　　 D
【答案详解】D　跨学科综合题。根据“When the chickens saw food behind the door， they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds…”可知，当鸡看到门后有食物时，它们似乎很高兴，并发出快速而响亮的声音。结合物理声波的常识可知，当鸡发出快速而响亮的声音时，其声音的频率高(波长小)且振幅大，故选D。
58.How did the volunteers help with the research？(细节理解题)
A.By listening to the chicken calls.
B.By taking care of the chickens.
C.By finding food for the chickens.　
D.By making the chickens happy.
【答案详解】A　细节理解题。根据“The recordings were played to 194 volunteers.”可知，这些录音播放给194名志愿者听，所以志愿者们是通过听鸡叫声来帮助这项研究，故选A。
59.What does the underlined word “identify”mean in Paragraph 4？(词义猜测题)
A.Control.　　　　 B.Hide. C.Recognize.　　　 D.Hurt.
【答案详解】C　词义猜测题。根据文意可知，一些科学家已经在研究一种可以识别鸡的情感的智能计算机程序。recognize意为“辨认，识别”符合文意，故选C。
60.What is the best title for the passage？(最佳标题题)
A.Chickens’ Food Calls　　　　　　　　　　
B.Happy Chickens，Sad Chickens
C.Farmers’ Best Choice　　　　　　　　　　
D.Smart Farmers， Healthy Farmers
【答案详解】B　最佳标题题。本文介绍一项研究，结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤的，选项B “快乐的鸡，悲伤的鸡” 符合主题，故选B。
C
配对阅读。左栏是五则新闻，右栏是七位学生的读后感。请为每则新闻匹配对应的读后感。
A.I wonder who designed this raincoat.It really helps when it rains non-stop.
B.Unbelievable！In that period，there must have been water everywhere on Earth.
C.I am planning to fly to the city to have a taste of the famous street food.
D.It sounds scary，to be honest.I don’t think this kind of clothes will become fashionable.
E.How terrible it is for the people there！Perhaps the place will disappear under water one day.
F.Who is the smart inventor of this cooling system？He or she must be a cool scientist.
G.I hope I can do something for the people there so that they will have enough drinking water.
61.A British scientist has discovered that，200 to 300 million years ago，it rained non-stop for two million years on Earth.
【技巧点拨】61.细节配对题。左栏关键信息“it rained non-stop for two million years on Earth”与右栏关键信息“there must have been water everywhere on Earth”对应，故选B。值得注意的是：A选项虽然也有关键信息“it rains non-stop”，但A选项重点讲述雨衣的发明，与本则新闻不匹配。
【答案详解】本文分别是五则新闻和七位学生的读后感。
61.B　根据“A British scientist has discovered that， 200 to 300 million years ago， it rained non-stop for two million years on Earth.”可知，很久以前地球连续很长时间都在下雨，选项B“难以置信！在那个时期，地球上肯定到处都是水。”与之相符，故选B。
62.A fashion designer from Europe collects hair cuttings and changes them into material for clothes.The designer thinks this material helps reduce waste.
【技巧点拨】62.细节配对题。左栏关键信息“fashion，clothes”与右栏关键信息“clothes，fashionable”对应，故选D。
【答案详解】
62.D　根据“A fashion designer from Europe collects hair cuttings and changes them into material for clothes.The designer thinks this material helps reduce waste.”可知，时装设计师用收集的剪下来的头发做衣服，选项D“老实说，这听起来很可怕。我认为这种衣服不会流行。”与之相符，其余选项的内容均与其不相关，故选D。
63.Climate change is harming Earth greatly.People on a Pacific island have to leave their homes because the sea level is rising rapidly.
【技巧点拨】63.细节配对题。左栏关键信息“sea level is rising rapidly”与右栏关键信息“the place will disappear under water”对应，故选E。
【答案详解】
63.E　根据“Climate change is harming Earth greatly.People on a Pacific island have to leave their homes because the sea level is rising rapidly.”可知，气候变化对地球的危害很大。由于海平面迅速上升，太平洋岛屿上的人们不得不离开家园。此处提到海平面上升，选项E“这对那里的人来说是多么可怕啊！也许有一天这个地方会消失在水下。”与之相符，故选E。
64.Mexico City is facing serious drinking water problems.Many people are forced to buy expensive bottled water for drinking.
【技巧点拨】64.细节配对题。左栏关键信息“drinking water problems”与右栏关键信息“enough drinking water”对应，故选G。
【答案详解】
64.G　根据“Mexico City is facing serious drinking water problems.Many people are forced to buy expensive bottled water for drinking.”可知，墨西哥城正面临严重的饮用水问题，选项G“我希望我能为那里的人们做点什么，这样他们就能有足够的饮用水。”与之相符，故选G。
65.The athletes’ village of Paris Olympics will have a special cooling system(系统).It will save 40% of the electricity and natural gas.
【技巧点拨】65.细节配对题。左栏关键信息“a special cooling system”与右栏关键信息“this cooling system”对应，故选F。
【答案详解】
65.F　根据“The athletes’ village of Paris Olympics will have a special cooling system.It will save 40% of the electricity and natural gas.”可知，巴黎奥运会的运动员村将有一个特殊的冷却系统，此处提到冷却系统，选项F“谁是这个冷却系统的聪明发明者？他或她一定是一个很酷的科学家。”与之相符，故选F。
长难句分析
从广东近五年的阅读理解篇章可知，三大从句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)在阅读文章中出现的频率很高。学会划分句子成分，根据语境区分各种从句，是理解长难句的前提，能大大提高阅读能力。
【例1】People know animals do have feelings， but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood.(2024广东，阅读B篇，Para.1)
分析：(1)找主干。这是一个由but连接的并列复合句。
主干：People know animals do have feelings(句①)， but they are not sure…(句②).
(2)分析句子成分。句①为简单句，句②包含了一个if引导的宾语从句：if these feelings are correctly understood。
翻译：人们知道动物有情感，但他们不确定这些情感是否被正确地解读。
【例2】It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.(2024广东，阅读B篇，Para.1)
分析：找出句子主干。这是一个由that引导的宾语从句(that在从句中不作任何成分)，宾语从句中又包含了一个whether引导的宾语从句。
主干：It says…
从句1：humans can tell…
从句2：whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls
翻译：据说人类能通过听鸡的叫声来分辨它们是高兴还是悲伤。
【例3】Hopefully， this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising，a big industry in many countries.(2024广东，阅读B篇，Para.4)
分析：(1)找主干。这是一个简单句，属于“主+谓+宾(SVO)”结构。
主干：this finding can bring about new technology
(2)分析句子成分。to help with chicken-raising是动词不定式作目的状语；a big industry in many countries是chicken-raising的同位语。
翻译：有希望的是，这个发现能带来新的技术去帮助养鸡业，这在很多国家是个大产业。
对点训练
一、请用下划线“　　”画出下列句子的主干。
1.Phishers typically write upsetting or exciting， but false， statements in their emails so that people will reply right away.
2.It means that a thief is trying to trick people into giving away valuable information.
3.It has been reported that phishers send more than 40 billion false messages each year.
4.A man told Amy that she could get a million dollars in her account as a reward if she sent a thousand dollars to him.
5.They have to learn to recognize the email that has been sent by a phisher.
6.A British scientist has discovered that 200 to 300 million years ago， it rained non-stop for two million years on Earth.
7.People on a Pacific island have to leave their homes because the sea level is rising rapidly.
8.She is trying to understand what goes wrong with the brain over time， and how people can age in a healthy way.
9.As biking has become a lifestyle， experts believe that this biking craze will continue.
10.She never thought that she could be a scientist one day when she was little.
二、阅读训练 (2024·四川眉山中考改编)
What subject do you worry about the most at school？ 　▲　 Some students can’t sleep well the day before a math exam.Others may feel very nervous during the exam itself.But there might be a way to make the subject less stressful.
“For students who are worried about math， posture (姿势) makes a big difference，” Erik Peper， a researcher from a university told Daily Mail.That’s right—sitting up straight can help you do better in math exams.
Researchers tested 125 college students.They asked them to do a math exam while sitting in a slumped-over (趴倒的) position， or sitting up straight.After the test， 56% of the students said the exam was easier to do if they were sitting up straight.
Slumping over is a defensive (防备的) posture.It can bring out negative memories in the body and brain.This can stop you from thinking clearly， Peper said.
Students who were not nervous about taking the math exam didn’t necessarily benefit from better posture.But they did find that doing math in a slumped-over position was more difficult，Science Daily reported.
Good posture isn’t just helpful for taking math exams.Musicians， sports players and public speakers can all benefit from it.When you feel stressed out， you can also try to sit up straight or stand tall.It can help you feel more positive and focus better.
(一)根据文章内容完成下列各题。
(　 　)1. Which of the following can be put in “　▲　” in Paragraph 1？
A.It worries many students.
B.Many students don’t care.
C.Some teachers want to know it.
D.Many students worry about math.
　D　
(　 　)2.According to the passage， how do many students feel when they face math？
A.Calm. B.Sleepy. C.Stressed. D.Relaxed.
　C　
(　 　)3.How many students found it easier to do the math exam when sitting up straight？
A.125. B.70. C.60. D.56.
　B　
(　 　)4.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to？
A.Good posture. B.Taking math exams.
C.Defensive posture. D.Science Daily.
　A　
(　 　)5.What is the passage mainly about？
A.The benefits of positive posture.
B.A good way to relax in an exam.
C.The benefits of a slumped-over position.
D.A good way to have math tests.
　A　
(二)长难句分析
1.After the test， 56% of the students said the exam was easier to do if they were sitting up straight.
(1)用下划线画出句子的主干，并辨别句中的从句。
① the exam was easier to do… 属于　 　从句，
由　 　引导，此处省略。
② if they were sitting up straight属于　 　从句，
由　 　引导。
　if　
　条件状语　
　that　
　宾语　
(2)翻译句子
　 　
　测试后，56%的学生表示，如果他们坐得直，考试会更容易。　
2.Students who were not nervous about taking the math exam didn’t necessarily benefit from better posture.
(1)用下划线画出句子的主干，并分析句中的从句。
_
　属于　 　从句，由　 　引导。
(2)翻译句子
_
不为参加数学考试担心的学生不一定从更好的姿势中受益。
　who　
　定语　
nervous about taking the math exam　
Students…didn’t benefit from…posture；who were not