2026年中考英语复习专题课件★★★ 短文填空(共43张PPT)

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名称 2026年中考英语复习专题课件★★★ 短文填空(共43张PPT)
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更新时间 2026-04-03 00:00:00

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(共43张PPT)
2026年中考英语复习专题课件★★★  短文填空
中考解题技巧
解题步骤
Step 1 研究备选词,标注词性。
在拿到题目后,不要急于看文章,首先对备选的词汇研究几遍,对词性作简单的标记,例如:名词-n.,动词-v.,形容词-a.,副词-ad.等等。同时对词义作初步的理解。
Step 2 用主谓宾三步法判断词性。
分析句子成分,观察句子中残缺的成分,从而判断空格处所缺单词的词性。通读全文,通过上下文的句子,充分理解短文的内容,注意发现固定搭配关系,凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息,根据需要在备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。
Step 3 根据文意进行筛选,并进行适当变形。
语义完整、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。在选定单词后,不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中,需要瞻前顾后,既要符合本句的含义,又要保证句式结构的正确。注意名词、动词、形容词、副词等变化。为了方便记忆,试着记住下面的顺口溜:
空前空后要注意,“名词”单复数要牢记,还有’s不能弃,
“动词”注意要变形,“形副”注意三种级,
要填“数词”请留意,千万别忘“基”和“序”,
填入“代词”需慎重,五格变化要谨记。
Step 4 复读文章,仔细检查。
代入答案通读全文,复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确,是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误,以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答题卡时,切勿错位。
技巧点拨
掌握词性
词性常见用法口诀
空在第一名连代,空在第二五动形;
句首副,句间连;前后动首选副;
句首逗,首选副;看邻动
句子结构分析法
在长难句中,先分析句子结构,找出句子主干,忽略次要信息,判断空格在句子中充当的成分,从而确定空格所填的词性。
(一)了解句子成分
(二)基本句型
词形变化及转换
单词形式变化主要有两种,一是词的形、数、式的变化,二是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题,看是否需要使用复合的变化形式,这一点是很重要的。
(1)名词主要考查单复数及名词所有格。如: match—matches,friend—friend’s/friends’。另外还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词,如: sun—sunny,use—useful/useless/used,danger—dangerous。
【例1】There are two     (student) in the library now.
分析:名词前是two,且student是可数名词,此空应填复数形式,故填students。
【例2】This is my     (father) car.
分析:根据语境可知“这是我爸爸的车”,本空缺定语修饰car,要用名词所有格,故填写father’s。
【例3】AI tools are     (use).Many people like using them.
分析:结合语境可知AI工具很有用,很多人喜欢使用它们,此空应填形容词,故填useful。
(2)形容词、副词主要考查比较等级,所要填的形容词或副词前面出现the或much,a lot等提示词时,要注意填写相应的比较等级。
【例1】“Wow, I’m the     (lucky)sister in the world!” Dora said happily.
分析:根据空格前的定冠词the和句尾的in the world可知此空应用形容词的最高级形式,故填luckiest。
【例2】The Hexie trains can run at a high speed, and the new Fuxing trains travel even     (fast).
分析:根据even可知要使用比较级,故填faster。
(3)动词变化主要考查主谓一致、时态(do,does,did…)、语态(是否是被动语态)和非谓语动词形式(doing,done,to do)。
【例1】According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people     (clean)their teeth with some small tree branches (树枝).
分析:根据上下文语境可知,此处时态用一般过去时,故填cleaned。
【例2】Dave and his parents were     (invite)to a Family Space Camp last month.
分析:由句意可知Dave和父母是被邀请去参加家庭太空营的,应用被动语态,故填 invited。
(4)代词主要考查人称代词(主格、宾格)、物主代词(形容词性、名词性)及反身代词。
【例题】At the age of seven, David had     (he)first astronaut training experience.
分析:修饰名词“experience”应用形容词性物主代词,表示“他的”经历,故填his。
(5)数词主要考查基数词、序数词、或者后加-teen、-ty的变化,甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式,以及one / two的特殊变化形式once / twice。
【例题】I’ve never been to Beijing.This is my
    (one)time to visit here.
分析:结合语境可知此处表示这是“我”第一次来这里参观,故填first。
(6)单词的派生现象在英语中是很常见的,派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。(详细讲述请见《构词法》)
【例题】 Louis lost his wallet yesterday, so he was very
    (happy).
分析:在这道题中,学生很容易判断出该用形容词;钱包丢了,人应该是不开心的,所以要再加个前缀un-,故填unhappy。
◆拓展——常见的词性转换(详见本书赠送的《构词法(拓展词汇集训)》)
常考的相互转换词类有四种:名词、动词、形容词、副词。词性转换的类别有:
☆名词→动词、形容词   ☆动词、形容词→名词
☆动词→形容词       ☆形容词→动词
☆形容词→副词       ☆副词→形容词
逻辑关系突破法
根据上下文的意思,分析句子间的逻辑关系,确定空格的词义。常见的逻辑关系有:并列关系、因果关系、转折关系、让步关系、时间关系等。
【例题】My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much,but he can’t sing     .
分析:通过上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和连词“but”,可以推断出前后两个分句存在转折关系,此处想要表达的含义是“喜欢但唱得不好”,故填well。
固定搭配突破法
短文填空中常见的固定搭配有动词短语、名词短语、介词短语等,同学们需熟记此类固定搭配,以便迅速答题。(常考短语请见本书赠送的《早读材料》中的“常考词组表”。)
【例题】As the family have picked up the new lifestyle,they find that they can spend more time talking over meals,playing sports and doing all    of activities together.
分析:答案是kinds。考查固定搭配。看到all…of 可联想到短语 all kinds of“各种各样的”,再根据空格前后的“talking over meals”“playing sports”和“activities”可确认此空填kinds。
排除消除法
根据上下文的意思和语法规则,排除已选的单词或明显不符合的选项,缩小答案的范围,从易到难,逐一标记排除,找到正确的选项。
  Everyone can be the best at something. Last week, a middle school in Beijing 1.    an activity called Guinness Campus(校园吉尼斯)to help students find their potential (潜力).“There are all kinds of projects you can take part in and all kinds of records for you to set,” said ninth grader Lin Yan.“I chose ‘Domino (多米诺骨牌) Tower’ 2.    I have the most confidence in this.”
 because 
fast build in I other minute hold or fall
because else though
 held 
对点训练
fast build in I other minute hold or fall
because else though
Students needed to 3. a tower using dominoes.
Whoever built the tallest tower in one minute won. Lin set the record with 33 levels.“At first I didn’t do it very well, but after trying over and over again, I found some ways to do it much
4.   ,”she said.“The game requires you to be both calm and patient. If you lose your temper(脾气) when the tower
5.   , you may lose the chance to win.”
 falls 
 faster 
build
fast build in I other minute hold or fall
because else though
Seventh grader Wang Shuangqi set a record for the longest juggle(颠球) of a soccer ball with one foot.He did it for 4 6.    and 34 seconds. “I have been practicing juggling for three 7.    four years, so I’m confident,” said Wang.“Juggling with only one foot needs balance and stability (稳定性), and I’m talented 8.    it.”
 in 
 or 
 minutes 
fast build in I other minute hold or fall
because else though
When asked if he was afraid that someone 9.   would break his record one day, Wang said he was expecting that to happen. “During the activity, we keep reaching higher goals.If someone breaks 10.    record, I’ll be even more encouraged to try harder, finding more of my potential.”
 my 
 else 
真题范例(2024·广东)
always among and answer believe big but city grow seldom they whenever
根据“句子结构分析法”,此处缺宾语,代指上文的activities,故选备选词they;of后接人称代词的宾格形式,故填them。
As summer comes around,outdoor activities are getting more and more popular.One of  66  is bike riding,or biking.The biking craze(热潮)is now sweeping through China.
always among and answer believe big but city grow seldom they whenever
Wang Jing is a student from Hangzhou.She  67  exercised before because she didn’t like sports much.
根据“句子结构分析法”,此处缺状语,故选备选词always和seldom;结合下文“because she didn’t like sports much”可推断王静很少运动,故填seldom。
根据“句子结构分析法”,此处缺动词,故选备选词believe,answer,grow;结合语境可知“她对运动的兴趣增长了许多”,可确定选备选词grow;此处考查现在完成时的结构(have/has+动词的过去分词),故填grown。
always among and answer believe big but city grow seldom they whenever
But since her hometown hosted the Asian Games in 2023,her interest in sports has  68  a lot.
根据“逻辑关系突破法”可知,选备选词but和and,前后句为顺承关系,故填and。
always among and answer believe big but city grow seldom they whenever
She has realized the benefits of sports  69  is now a big fan of biking.
根据“句子结构分析法”,此处缺连词,故选备选词but,whenever;结合语境可知前后句意并没有转折,故填whenever。
always among and answer believe big but city grow seldom they whenever
“I feel free and peaceful 70  I ride,”Wang said.“Biking allows me to experience the beauty along the road and the world seems to slow down,”she added.Wang is only one of those who are deeply in love with biking.
always among and answer believe big but city grow seldom they whenever
In  71  like Chengdu and Beijing,thousands of people have started to join in the biking craze.
根据“句子结构分析法”,此处缺名词,故选备选词city和answer;结合下文Chengdu and Beijing可知此处指代“城市”,故填cities。
always among and answer believe big but city grow seldom they whenever
Will the craze in China last for a long time?The 72  is“Yes.”Thanks to the craze,there have been events like group rides and bike festivals.
根据“句子结构分析法”,此处缺名词;结合上文“Will the craze in China last for a long time?”可知,此处是给出答案,故填answer。
always among and answer believe big but city grow seldom they whenever
These create a sense of community  73  bikers.They share road information,biking experience and sometimes even meals.
根据“句子结构分析法”,此处缺介词;在备选词中只有among,故填among。
always among and answer believe big but city grow seldom they whenever
They are just like a  74  family.As biking has become a lifestyle,craze will continue.They eexperts  75  that this biking xpect a sharp increase in the number of bike riders.
根据“句子结构分析法”,此处缺形容词;在备选词中只有big,故填big。
根据“句子结构分析法”和“排除消除法”,此处缺谓语动词;在备选词中只剩下believe,故填believe。
【高分点拨】在“短文填空”题型中,“句子结构分析法”的使用率较高,因此同学们在复习过程中既要注重句子结构内容的学习,也要多积累固定搭配。
◎考场典型错误和错因分析
题号 正确答案 典型错误 错因分析
66 them they it 1.对代词用法不理解,没有注意前面的介词of后面要用宾格。
2.句法混乱。
3.指代不明。
67 seldom always 句意理解错误,错选干扰项。
68 grown grow grows grew 1.时态判断错误,没有注意前面提示词has。
2.单词拼写错误,动词过去式、过去分词变化混乱。
题号 正确答案 典型错误 错因分析
69 and but 1.不理解句意,判断不了是顺承关系,不会分析句子结构。
2.句意理解错误,错选干扰项。
70 whenever when 填写不属于方框内可选用的词汇,不认真审题。
71 cities city 没有注意到下文“Chengdu and Beijing”。
72 answer answers answered 1.没有注意到后面有is。
2.句意理解错误。
题号 正确答案 典型错误 错因分析
73 among in/of/with 填写不属于方框内可选用的词汇,不认真审题。
74 big bigger biggest 使用了该词的比较级或最高级,没有理解句意。
75 believe believes believed 时态判断错误。
◎答题模板