八年级英语（外研版）下册期中（Unit1-3）专题复习`句型&语法练习（含答案）

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八年级英语（外研版）下册期中（Unit1-3）专题复习
句型&语法
一、句型专题
Unit1 Career talks
Sb. wants to be a/an + 职业名词. 某人想成为一名……
解析：want to be 后接职业名词（doctor, teacher, pilot等），表示“想要从事某种职业”，主语为人称代词或名词，want随主语人称和数变化。
I want to be a doctor because I want to help sick people.
我想成为一名医生，因为我想帮助生病的人。
She wants to be a teacher to help children learn new knowledge.
她想成为一名老师，帮助孩子们学习新知识。
Sb. needs to do sth. to be a/an + 职业名词. 要成为……，某人需要做某事
解析：needs to do sth. 表示“需要做某事”，to be a/an... 作目的状语，说明做某事的目的是实现职业目标。
We need to study hard to be a scientist.
要成为一名科学家，我们需要努力学习。
He needs to practice speaking English every day to be an English teacher.
要成为一名英语老师，他需要每天练习说英语。
What do you want to be when you grow up 你长大后想成为什么？
解析：when引导时间状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来，grow up 意为“长大”，该句型用于询问他人未来的职业理想。
What do you want to be when you grow up
你长大后想成为什么？
I want to be a pilot and fly planes around the world.
我想成为一名飞行员，驾驶飞机环游世界。
What does your brother want to be when he grows up
你哥哥长大后想成为什么？
He wants to be a policeman to protect people. 他想成为一名警察，保护人们。
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
解析：It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to do sth.，sb.为人称代词宾格，some time 表示“一段时间”。
It takes me two hours a day to practice playing the piano.
我每天花两个小时练习弹钢琴（为成为音乐家做准备）。
It takes her half an hour to read English every morning to be a translator.
为了成为一名翻译，她每天早上花半小时读英语。
Unit2 Growing pains and gains
Sb. has trouble (in) doing sth. 某人做某事有困难
解析：trouble为不可数名词，(in) doing sth. 中in可省略，该句型表示“做某事遇到困难”，贴合成长中遇到的烦恼场景。
I have trouble (in) learning math and I feel worried sometimes.
我学数学有困难，有时会感到担心。
She has trouble (in) communicating with her parents about her school life.
她在和父母沟通学校生活方面有困难。
As we grow up, we learn to... 随着我们长大，我们学会……
解析：as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”，grow up 表示“长大”，learn to do sth. 表示“学会做某事”，体现成长中的收获。
As we grow up, we learn to take care of ourselves.
随着我们长大，我们学会独立，照顾好自己。
As we grow up, we learn to understand our parents and respect their opinions.
随着我们长大，我们学会理解父母，尊重他们的意见。
It’s normal for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事是正常的
解析：It为形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth.，normal意为“正常的”，用于安慰他人，说明成长中的烦恼是正常现象。
It’s normal for teenagers to have some worries about their studies.
对青少年来说，对学习有一些担忧是正常的。
It’s normal for us to make mistakes when we learn new things.
对我们来说，学习新事物时犯错是正常的。
We can solve the problem by doing sth. 我们可以通过做某事解决这个问题
解析：solve the problem 表示“解决问题”，by doing sth. 表示“通过做某事”，说明解决成长中困难的方法。
We can solve the problem of learning stress by doing sports and listening to music.
我们可以通过做运动和听音乐来解决学习压力的问题。
We can solve the problem of misunderstanding with friends by talking openly.
我们可以通过坦诚交谈来解决和朋友之间的误解问题。
Unit3 What makes a great team
What makes a great team 什么造就一支优秀的团队？
解析：特殊疑问句，what作主语，makes为谓语动词（三单形式），a great team 作宾语，用于询问优秀团队的构成要素。
What makes a great team
什么造就一支优秀的团队？
Trust and cooperation make a great team.
信任和合作造就一支优秀的团队。
What makes a great sports team
什么造就一支优秀的运动队？
Hard work and mutual help make a great sports team.
努力和互助造就一支优秀的运动队。
Sb. should work together with others. 某人应该和他人一起合作
解析：should为情态动词，后接动词原形，work together 意为“一起合作”，体现团队合作的重要性。
We should work together with our teammates to finish the group project.
我们应该和队友一起合作完成小组项目。
They should work together with each other to win the basketball match.
他们应该互相合作，赢得这场篮球比赛。
Teamwork is important for us to finish the task. 团队合作对我们完成任务很重要
解析：teamwork为不可数名词，作主语，be important for sb. to do sth. 为固定句型，说明团队合作的重要性。
Teamwork is important for us to finish the difficult task on time.
团队合作对我们按时完成这项困难的任务很重要。
Teamwork is important for students to improve their learning efficiency.
团队合作对学生提高学习效率很重要。
Sb. can help others when they are in trouble. 当他人遇到困难时，某人可以帮助他们
解析：when引导时间状语从句，in trouble 意为“遇到困难”，该句型体现团队中互助的精神。
We can help our teammates when they are in trouble during the competition.
比赛中，当队友遇到困难时，我们可以帮助他们。
She can help her classmates when they are in trouble with their homework.
当同学在作业上遇到困难时，她可以帮助他们。
二、短语专题
Unit1 Career talks
grow up 长大
When I grow up, I want to be a teacher.
need to do sth. 需要做某事
He needs to practice English every day.
take some time to do sth. 花费时间做某事
It takes me an hour to do my homework.
want to be 想要成为
She wants to be a pilot.
Unit2 Growing pains and gains
in trouble 遇到困难
I can help you when you are in trouble.
solve the problem 解决问题
We can solve the problem by talking.
talk openly 坦诚交谈
They talk openly about their worries.
have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
She has trouble learning math.
Unit3 What makes a great team
work together 一起合作
We work together to finish the project.
make a great team 造就一支优秀的团队
Trust makes a great team.
help each other 互相帮助
We should help each other in a team.
group project 小组项目
We finish the group project together.
三、语法专题
语法1：一般将来时
定义：表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，或计划、打算做某事，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
常见时间状语：tomorrow（明天）、next week（下周）、next term（下学期）、in the future（在将来）、when you grow up（当你长大后）等。
结构：
① 肯定句：主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他 / 主语 + be (am/is/are) going to + 动词原形 + 其他
② 否定句：主语 + won’t (will not) + 动词原形 + 其他 / 主语 + be (am/is/are) not going to + 动词原形 + 其他
③ 一般疑问句：Will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？（肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + will；否定回答：No, 主语 + won’t）/ Are/Is + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？（肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + am/is/are；否定回答：No, 主语 + am not/isn’t/aren’t）
例句：
I will be a teacher when I grow up.
我长大后将要成为一名老师。
She is going to study hard to get good grades next term.
她打算下学期努力学习，取得好成绩。
We won’t have a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
我们明天下午不开会。
—Will you join the school team
你会加入校队吗？
—Yes, I will.
是的，我会。
—Is he going to practice teamwork with his classmates
他打算和同学们练习团队合作吗？
—No, he isn’t.
不，他不打算。
语法2：情态动词can/could/should的用法
情态动词can：表示“能、会”，指具备某种能力；也可表示“可以”，用于提出请求或允许。
① 结构：can + 动词原形，否定形式：can’t (can not)，疑问句：Can + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？
② 例句：I can speak English well. 我能说好英语。（能力）
Can I ask you a question about career choices 我能问你一个关于职业选择的问题吗？（请求）
情态动词could：can的过去式，可表示过去的能力；也可用于现在，语气比can更委婉，提出请求。
① 例句：He could swim when he was 8 years old. 他8岁的时候就会游泳了。（过去能力）
Could you help me with my teamwork project 你能帮我做我的团队合作项目吗？（委婉请求）
情态动词should：表示“应该、应当”，用于提出建议、表达责任或义务。
① 规则：should后接动词原形，否定形式：shouldn’t，疑问句：Should + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？
② 例句：We should help each other in a team. 我们在团队中应该互相帮助。（建议）
You shouldn’t give up when you have trouble in learning. 当你学习有困难时，不应该放弃。（建议）
语法3：when引导的时间状语从句
用法：when意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，可表示“当某一动作发生时，另一动作正在进行”或“当某一动作发生后，另一动作发生”，“主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时”（主将从现）。
规则：主句用一般将来时（will/be going to + 动词原形），从句用一般现在时（主语 + 动词原形/三单），表示“当未来某个时间发生某事时，会产生某种结果”。
例句：
When I grow up, I will be a doctor. 当我长大后，我会成为一名医生。（主句将来时，从句一般现在时）
When we work together, we will finish the task easily. 当我们一起合作时，我们会轻松完成任务。
When she has trouble, she will ask her teachers for help. 当她遇到困难时，她会向老师求助。
语法4：by doing sth. 的用法
用法：by + 动名词（doing），表示“通过做某事”，用于说明做某事的方式、方法或手段，常与solve the problem, keep healthy, improve skills等短语搭配。
区别：by doing sth.（通过做某事，表方式） vs. to do sth.（为了做某事，表目的）
例句：
We can improve our teamwork by practicing together. 我们可以通过一起练习来提高我们的团队合作能力。（表方式）
We practice together to improve our teamwork. 我们一起练习，为了提高我们的团队合作能力。（表目的）
She improves her English by reading every day. 她通过每天阅读来提高英语水平。
He solves the problem by asking his parents for advice. 他通过向父母求助来解决问题。
语法5：名词复数与不可数名词
名词分类：
① 可数名词复数：career（careers）、team（teams）、teammate（teammates）、problem（problems）、worry（worries）、task（tasks）
② 不可数名词：teamwork（团队合作）、trouble（困难）、advice（建议）、knowledge（知识）、stress（压力）
注意：不可数名词不能直接用a/an修饰，也没有复数形式，表达“一些”时用some/much，修饰词用too much；可数名词复数表达“一些”时用some/many/too many。
例句：
There are too many problems in the team project. 这个团队项目中有太多问题。（可数名词复数+too many）
There is too much stress for teenagers. 青少年有太多压力。（不可数名词+too much）
We need some advice on how to choose a career. 我们需要一些关于如何选择职业的建议。（不可数名词+some）
She has many worries about her future career. 她对自己未来的职业有很多担忧。（可数名词复数+many）
四、易错点辨析
句型辨析：Sb. wants to be... vs. Sb. would like to be...
① 相同点：均表示“想要成为……”，后接职业名词，可互换（语气略有不同）。
② 不同点：would like to be 语气更委婉，常用于礼貌表达；want to be 语气较直接，日常使用更普遍。
例句：I want to be a doctor. （直接表达） / I would like to be a doctor. （委婉表达）
易错纠错：误：I want be a teacher. 正：I want to be a teacher. （want后必须加to）
语法辨析：when vs. as（引导时间状语从句）
① when：意为“当……的时候”，可表示瞬间动作或持续动作，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时（主将从现）。
② as：意为“随着”，强调“一边……一边……”，侧重动作同步进行，贴合成长类场景。
例句：When I get up, I will drink a glass of water. （瞬间动作，主将从现）
As we grow up, we become more independent. （同步动作，成长场景）
短语辨析：too much vs. too many
① too much：后接不可数名词（如stress, trouble, advice），表示“太多……”。
② too many：后接可数名词复数（如problems, worries, tasks），表示“太多……”。
易错纠错：误：There are too much problems. 正：There are too many problems.
误：There is too many stress. 正：There is too much stress.
用法辨析：by doing sth. vs. to do sth.
① by doing sth.：表方式，意为“通过做某事”，说明“怎么做”。
② to do sth.：表目的，意为“为了做某事”，说明“做某事的目的是什么”。
例句：He improves English by reading. 通过阅读提高英语（方式）
He reads to improve English. 阅读是为了提高英语（目的）
巩固练习
一、单项选择
My brother ______ a pilot when he grows up because he likes flying planes.
A. be B. is C. was D. will be
—______ makes a great team
—Cooperation and trust.
A. What B. How C. Who D. Where
It ______ me half an hour to finish my homework every evening.
A. take B. takes C. took D. will take
We ______ work together to finish the group project on time.
A. can B. will C. should D. may
When we ______ in trouble, our teammates can help us.
A. are B. will be C. were D. are going to be
She has trouble ______ English grammar, so she asks her teacher for help.
A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns
There is ______ stress in our daily life, but we can solve it by doing sports.
A. too many B. many too C. much too D. too much
—Could you help me with my teamwork project
—______, I’d love to.
A. Sorry B. No C. Of course D. Thank you
We can improve our English ______ reading English newspapers every day.
A. by B. to C. for D. with
It’s normal for teenagers ______ some worries about their growing up.
A. have B. to have C. has D. having
二、翻译句子
你长大后想成为什么？
______ do you want to be when you ______ ______
要成为一名老师，我们需要努力学习。
We ______ ______ study hard to be a teacher.
他每天花一小时练习英语，为了成为一名翻译。
It ______ him an hour ______ ______ English every day to be a translator.
我妹妹想成为一名护士，帮助生病的人。
My sister ______ ______ ______ a nurse to help sick people.
随着我们长大，我们学会照顾自己。
______ we grow up, we learn to ______ ______ ourselves.
我学英语有困难，你能帮我吗？
I ______ ______ ______ English. Can you help me
对青少年来说，犯错是正常的。
It’s ______ for teenagers to ______ ______.
我们可以通过坦诚交谈解决这个问题。
We can ______ ______ ______ by talking openly.
我们可以通过一起练习来提高团队合作能力。
We can improve our teamwork ______ ______ together.
团队合作为我们完成任务很重要。
______ is important for us to finish the task.
当他遇到困难时，他会向朋友求助。
When he ______ ______ trouble, he will ask his friends for help.
我们应该互相帮助，造就一支优秀的团队。
We should help each other to ______ a ______ ______.
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式（每空一词）。
Everyone has a dream career. I want to be a teacher when I 1______ (grow) up. I know I need to study hard and learn a lot of 2______ (knowledge). When I become a teacher, I will help children learn new things and grow up happily.
Growing up brings us both pains and gains. Sometimes I have trouble 3______ (solve) math problems and I feel worried. But my classmates always 4______ (help) me. As we grow up, we learn to be independent and understand others. It’s normal for us to have some 5______ (worry), and we can solve them by 6______ (talk) with our parents or teachers.
What makes a great team I think 7______ (teamwork) is very important. We should work together with our 8______ (teammate) and help each other. When we work together, we will finish the 9______ (task) easily. We can improve our teamwork by practicing together every day. I believe that with trust and 10______ (cooperation), we can make a great team and achieve our dreams.
1______ 2______ 3______ 4______ 5______ 6______ 7______ 8______ 9______ 10______
四、句型转换
I will be a doctor when I grow up. （改为否定句）
I ______ ______ a doctor when I grow up.
It takes me an hour to do my homework every day. （改为一般疑问句）
______ ______ ______ an hour to do your homework every day
She has trouble learning English. （改为一般疑问句）
______ she ______ trouble learning English
As we grow up, we learn to take care of ourselves. （改为一般疑问句）
______ ______ learn to take care of ourselves as we grow up
As we grow up, we learn to understand our parents. （改为否定句）
As we grow up, we ______ ______ to understand our parents.
Trust makes a great team. （改为一般疑问句）
______ trust ______ a great team
We should work together with our teammates. （改为否定句）
We ______ ______ work together with our teammates.
We can improve our teamwork by practicing together. （改为同义句）
We can practice together ______ ______ our teamwork.
Teamwork is important for us to finish the task. （改为否定句）
Teamwork ______ ______ important for us to finish the task.
When we work hard, we will finish the task. （改为同义句）
We will finish the task ______ ______ hard.
参考答案
一、单项选择
1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.B
二、翻译句子
1. What; grow up 2. need to 3. takes; to practice 4. wants to be
5. As; take care of 6. have trouble learning 7. normal; make mistakes 8. solve the problem
9. by practicing 10. Teamwork 11. is in 12. make; great team
三、语法填空
1. grow 2. knowledge 3. solving 4. help 5. worries 6. talking 7. teamwork 8. teammates 9. task 10. cooperation
四、句型转换
1. won’t be 2. Does it take 3. Does; have 4. Do; we 5. don’t learn
6. Does; make 7. shouldn’t 8. to improve 9. is not 10. by working
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