河南鹤壁市高中2026届上学期规范化考试英语试卷（二）（宏奥卷）（含解析）
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| 名称 | 河南鹤壁市高中2026届上学期规范化考试英语试卷（二）（宏奥卷）（含解析） |
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| 更新时间 | 2026-04-06 00:00:00 | ||
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鹤壁市高中 2026 届上学期规范化考试英语试卷（二）
（宏奥卷）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 42.5 分）
第一节（共 12 小题：每小题 2.5 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
Turning thirty, a milestone that feels like the start for a career, the prime of a lion, and the peak for a dancer. Thirty is a number that I’ve been anticipating, yet it’s a label I was afraid to
embrace. Thirty is supposed to be my teacher’s age, but now it’s mine, and with it comes everything it signifies.
A few days ago, a colleague tried to comfort me by saying,“Thirty is what twenty used to be.” He made a thought-provoking (发人深省的) point. Am I still on the summit People keep telling me the highest point has just been shifted, and I keep telling them that the climbing wall has dropped from the ten feet I once scaled with ease to the eight feet that now seem
insurmountable (不可逾越的).
“You are not growing older, you are growing wiser,” says a wise old friend. This, however, is the kind of wisdom that makes one seek a different perspective.
And so as I approach the day when I can no longer leap over the barriers with the same energy, I consider it necessary to share some thoughts on maturity with you. I am driven to
express how maturity feels to me, both physically and mentally. Growing older, is a mixture of flexibility and acceptance and a process that requires both fighting against the unavoidable and embracing the changes that come. In fact, a philosopher considered it the most enlightening
transition of all:
Embrace maturity with me!
The best is yet to be.
Whether or not he was right, most of my first thirty years have been enlightening ones, so I will settle for what lies ahead being as fulfilling as what has passed. I find myself moving toward
试卷第 1 页，共 8 页
the future with a curious mix of both challenging and embracing my maturity, hoping that the poet was right when he said, “youth is always fifteen years behind us.”
1 ．What does the author imply in the first paragraph
A ．Time flies quickly. B ．Only time will tell.
C ．Time heal s all wounds. D ．Aging is a harsh reality.
2 ．What does the phrase “on the summit” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A ．Being on one’s peak. B ．Experiencing a decline.
C ．Reaching the top post. D ．Facing a turning point.
3 ．What can we learn from the author’s reflection on maturity
A．Maturity is a contradictory but natural process. B．There is a clear decline in mental abilities.
C ．It is necessary to fight against maturity. D ．It means forgetting about our past.
4 ．How does the author feel about the future life
A ．Peaceful. B ．Promising. C ．Upset. D ．Regretful.
B
Have you ever felt so stressed that you just sort of froze Your body goes still, you can’t
feel much but, at the same time, your senses are working overtime. You know you must act soon; but it’s as if something is stopping you. This “freezing”, or tonic immobility in academic terms, is an adaptive defense response to stress or danger.
When we freeze, our heart rate drops and our blood pressure changes. Our pupils might become wider. A flood of hormones (荷尔蒙) spread quickly, readying us for action. It can all happen within seconds.
While fight-or-flight seems logical for survival, freezing appears counterproductive —
potentially too much to handle, making us incapable of acting or making a decision. But is that really all that’s going on Not according to Prof Karin Roelofs, a neuroscientist who studies
freezing at Radboud University.“Many people think that freezing is a kind of shutdown of the
system,” she says.“What we actually find is that in threatening situations, freezing actually helps gain more information, prepare actions, and improve perception and decision-making.” Freezing acts like an emergency flow state: watchful, not petrified.
Importantly, this response can be trained. Roelofs highlights two groups controlling
试卷第 2 页，共 8 页
freezing: living statues, street performers maintaining extreme stillness and snipers (狙击手)
requiring absolute stillness while making decisions. Lab research confirms this. A virtual reality shooting game showed players with stronger freezing responses performed better and decided
faster. Freezing doesn’t slow responses. “Brain noise reduces. Perception increases. You make better decisions faster,” Roelofs clarifies.
But let’s say you’re not a sniper, or don’t spend your weekends as a living statue. What if
you’re about to take an exam or lead a big business meeting Those situations involving social
pressure, may not be life or death, but still can cause freezing. The key is to use this response
through training, particularly focused breathing: maintain slow, rhythmic exhalation (有节奏的呼气). Instead of feeling out of control, you can master it and — sniper or not — take your best shot.
5 ．What happens in “freezing” according to the text
A ．Awareness is lost.
B ．The heart pounds.
C ．Senses are sharper.
D ．The breath quickens.
6 ．What does the underlined word “petrified” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A ．Confused. B ．Panicked. C ．Distressed. D ．Occupied.
7 ．Why are living statues and snipers mentioned in Paragraph 4
A ．To contrast response types.
B ．To illustrate freezing causes.
C ．To support response training.
D ．To criticize stressful professions.
8 ．How should students manage exam freezing according to the text
A ．Seek professional help.
B ．Apply trained breathing.
C ．Hold breath to stay still.
D ．Make last-minute revisions.
C
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our
试卷第 3 页，共 8 页
bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces ofthe International Space Station, so astronauts spend
hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem It’s
turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they
think they’re close to a solution(解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no
grades, other than ‘Are you working towards your goal ’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this
product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA. ’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and...it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the
problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
9 ．What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station
A ．They are hard to get rid of. B ．They lead to air pollution.
C ．They appear in different forms. D ．They damage the instruments.
10 ．What is the purpose of the HUNCH program
A ．To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B ．To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C ．To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D ．To link space technology with school education.
11 ．What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program
A ．Check their product. B ．Guide project designs.
C ．Adjust work schedules. D ．Grade their homework.
12 ．What is the best title for the text
试卷第 4 页，共 8 页
A ．NASA: The Home of Astronauts
B ．Space: The Final Homework Frontier
C ．Nature: An Outdoor Classroom
D ．HUNCH: A College Admission Reform
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When I first started traveling, my dad asked me what I was running away from. Another
time, a friend told me to stop running away from my problems and to start living life. I’m not sure why. 13 We are running away from responsibilities, challenges, and ultimately, maturity itself. People think we are all just Peter Pans refusing to be “adults”. And to all those people, I say: you are right.
14 I’m running away from office life, commutes (通勤), weekend duties, and the strict path society has laid out as “normal”. I’m running away because I want to experience every culture, see every mountain, eat different food, attend crazy festivals, meet new people, and enjoy different holidays around the world. I want to construct a life that makes me happy.
In our society, the accepted path is long and narrow: you go to college, get a job, get
married, buy a house, have two or three children, raise them, and then retire. Only then, after you’ ve put in your time, can you enjoy the fruits of your labor. ____15____ And any deviation (偏差) is considered abnormal and strange.
For me, those who travel the world aren’t running away from life. 16 They are
exploring the world and living on their own terms. They have a degree of freedom a lot of people will never experience. They get to be the captains oftheir own ships.
People may tell you they envy what you do, and say they wish they could travel like you. But they never do. Few people have the courage to take the risk. But life is what you make it out to be. Life is yours to create. 17 So I’m not running away. I am just going after my own life. And I never plan to look back.
A ．Traveling is something everyone should do.
B ．Responsible people don’t just travel forever.
试卷第 5 页，共 8 页
C ．On the contrary, they are running toward true living.
D ．If you really want something, you have to go after it.
E ．I’m running away from people’s fixed idea of the “real” world.
F ．But there is this perception that travelers must be escaping something.
G ．Society boxes you in and restricts your movements to their expectations.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 42.5 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Hillary Krieger was sitting in her parents’ house with her friend, David. The man squirted (喷溅) orange juice all over himself. “I shouted, ‘Oh, the orange just orbisculated,’” she later . David was thrown into , “It did what ”
Curious herself, Hillary quickly grabbed a dictionary and to the “O” section —
only to freeze. The word was nowhere to be found. , she marched into her father’s study. Wearing an awkward smile, he admitted he’d ________ the word back in college, never imagining it would — yet he’d used it naturally around the family for years and everyone had
it was real.
At first, Hillary felt frustrated, wondering how many other make-up words had her vocabulary without her noticing. But that frustration faded fast. Soon, she began to see
“orbisculate” not as a mistake, but as a — a small window into her father’s inventive soul. “It speaks to his ,” she believes. “Even when something is annoying-like orange juice in your eye — he found a way to laugh at it, turning a moment into something fun.”
Two decades later, Hillary’s father passed away. Sorrow settled over her, but so did
: “Orbisculate” deserved a place in the dictionary. Her goal wasn’t just to get a word
; it was to keep her father’s joy alive. This, she thought, was the best way to
him.
18 ．A ．carefully B ．intentionally C ．accidentally D ．constantly
19 ．A ．recalls B ．comments C ．complains D ．insists
试卷第 6 页，共 8 页
20 ．A ．panic B ．confusion C ．desperation D ．embarrassment
21 ．A ．contributed B ．responded C ．applied D ．turned
22 ．A ．On time B ．At random C ．In disbelief D ．With admiration
23 ．A ．chosen B ．invented C ．misused D ．encountered
24 ．A ．stick B ．improve C ．transform D ．disappear
25 ．A ．denied B ．pretended C ．suspected D ．assumed
26 ．A ．slipped into B ．escaped from C ．broken down D ．gone against
27 ．A ．secret B ．lesson C ．gift D ．challenge
28 ．A ．adaptability B ．productivity C ．creativity D ．responsibility
29 ．A ．messy B ．cheerful C ．critical D ．memorable
30 ．A ．relief B ．patience C ．sympathy D ．determination
31 ．A ．revised B ．defined C ．translated D ．corrected
32 ．A ．assist B ．honor C ．contact D ．accompany
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
In Zhengzhou, Henan province, the brand-new Dahecun Site Museum takes visitors on a real-life journey through the evolution of Chinese civilization 33 (date) back 7,000
years. Opened on June 14, the museum showcases over 1,600 artifacts from more than 30
archaeological (考古学的) sites, many of 34 are being displayed publicly for the first time.
Never before has the early history of China felt so close. With ____35____ (advance)
digital technology, the museum breathes life into Yangshao culture, known for its painted pottery and marking 36 beginning of modern Chinese archaeology.
One of the most eye-catching exhibits is a 6,000-year-old twin pottery pot. Not only does
its side-by-side design reflect tribal unity and friendship, but it also stands 37 a symbol of peace and artistic excellence. This masterpiece, once 38 (keep) in the Henan Museum for over 50 years, has finally returned to where it was first unearthed.
39 (equal) impressive is a city wall from the late Yangshao period, rare evidence
试卷第 7 页，共 8 页
of early Chinese urban planning, which enables visitors 40 (admire) over 50 pottery
pieces with sun and butterfly patterns and gain insight into the imagination and beliefs of ancient people.
Not until one enters the immersive zone can the distant past feel so real. Recreated
41 (scene) of pottery-making and farming allow visitors to see, hear and even smell the life of early settlers. So far, this unique experience 42 (bring) Chinese culture to life.
第四部分 句子翻译（共 5 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 15 分）
43．这次活动不仅给我提供了一个拓展视野的平台，而且其丰富的内容还点燃了我对英语的炽热激情。(not only...but also 倒装结构) (汉译英)
44 ．生活的真谛不在于挣扎着度过暴风雨，而在于学会在细雨中优雅起舞。(essence) (汉译英)
45 ．她完全被绝望吞没了。(无灵主语句；despair) (汉译英)
46 ．老师拍了拍我的肩膀，温柔地说：“你第一次尝试时失败是很正常的，坚持不懈很重要。”（现在分词作状语； perseverance）（汉译英）
47 ．我深吸一口气，跳入水中，救了那个溺水的女孩。（动作链；drowning）（汉译英）
试卷第 8 页，共 8 页
1 ．D 2 ．A 3 ．A 4 ．B
【导语】这是一篇抒情性散文。作者即将迈入 30 岁，对这一年纪既期待又畏惧，分享对成熟的思考，认为变老是矛盾却自然的过程，对未来充满期待。
1 ．推理判断题。根据第一段“Thirty is a number that I’ve been anticipating, yet it’s a label I was afraid to embrace. Thirty is supposed to be my teacher’s age, but now it’s mine, and with it comes everything it signifies. (30 岁是我一直期待的数字，却也是我害怕接受的标签。30 岁本应是我老师的年纪，可现在它成了我的年纪，随之而来的还有这个年纪所象征的一切。)”可知，作者对 30 岁的到来既期待又畏惧，意识到曾经觉得遥远的“成熟年纪” 已然降临，暗含“变 老已是残酷的现实”之意。故选 D 项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“People keep telling me the highest point has just been shifted, and I keep telling them that the climbing wall has dropped from the ten feet I once scaled with ease to
the eight feet that now seem insurmountable (不可逾越的). (人们总说最高点只是变了位置，可我总告诉他们，那面攀岩墙从我曾经轻松攀爬的 10 英尺，降到了如今看似不可逾越的 8 英尺。)”可知，上句中“on the summit”与本句中“the highest point(最高点)”表意呼应，指“处于人生巅峰状态” 。故选 A 项。
3 ．细节理解题。根据第四段“Growing older, is a mixture of flexibility and acceptance and a
process that requires both fighting against the unavoidable and embracing the changes that come. (变老是灵活与接纳的结合，是一个既需要对抗不可避免的现实，又要接纳随之而来的变化的过程。)”可知，作者认为成熟（变老）是既需要抗争又需要接纳的过程，存在矛盾性，但也是自然发生的过程，即“成熟是矛盾却自然的过程” 。故选 A 项。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The best is yet to be.(最好的尚未到来)”和最后一段“Whether or not he was right, most of my first thirty years have been enlightening ones, so I will settle for
what lies ahead being as fulfilling as what has passed. I find myself moving toward the future with a curious mix of both challenging and embracing my maturity, hoping that the poet was right
when he said, “youth is always fifteen years behind us.”(无论他是否正确，我前三十年的大部分时间都是有启发性的，所以我会满足于未来的事情和过去的事情一样充实。我发现自己在走向未来的过程中，既充满了挑战，又拥抱了自己的成熟，希望诗人说的“青春总是落后于我们十五年”是对的。)”可知，作者认为未来仍有美好等待，对未来生活充满期待，觉得未来是有希望的。故选 B 项。
5 ．C 6 ．B 7 ．C 8 ．B
答案第 1 页，共 9 页
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在面对压力或危险时，人们会出现“冻结”反应及其作用，还说明了可以通过训练来掌控这种反应。
5 ．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Have you ever felt so stressed that you just sort of froze Your body goes still, you can’t feel much but, at the same time, your senses are working overtime. (你有没有曾经因感到压力太大，以至于有点僵住了？你的身体静止不动，你感觉不到太多，但与此同时，你的感官却在超负荷工作。)”可知，在“僵住” 时，感官却在全力工作，说明感官会更加敏锐。故选 C 项。
6 ．词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“Freezing acts like an emergency flow state: watchful, not (僵住就像一种紧急流动状态：警惕，而不是)”和表示转折的“not”可知，僵住时人们虽然警惕但并非吓呆了，而是保持冷静的观察状态，由此可推测“petrified”应与“watchful (警惕的)”形成对比，意为“ 吓呆了的； 目瞪口呆的” ，与 B 项“Panicked (惊慌失措)”意思相近。故选 B 项。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Importantly, this response can be trained. Roelofs highlights two groups controlling freezing: living statues, street performers maintaining extreme stillness and
snipers (狙击手) requiring absolute stillness while making decisions. Lab research confirms this. (重要的是，这种反应是可以训练的。Roelofs 强调了两组控制僵住的人：活雕像，即保持极度静止的街头表演者，以及在做出决定时需要绝对静止的狙击手。实验室研究证实了这一点。)”可知，提到活雕像和狙击手是为了说明僵住反应可以通过训练来控制，从而支持“这种反应可以通过训练来掌控” 的观点。故选 C 项。
8 ．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The key is to use this response through training, particularly focused breathing: maintain slow, rhythmic exhalation (有节奏的呼气). (关键是通过训练来利
用这种反应，特别是专注呼吸：保持缓慢、有节奏的呼气。)”可知，学生应该通过训练呼吸来应对考试时的僵住反应。故选 B 项。
9 ．A 10 ．D 11 ．A 12 ．B
【分析】本文为说明文。本文介绍了美国国家航空航天局的 HUNCH 计划。参与这个计划的高中生制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的产品，此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结合起来，把空间技术与带进课堂，与学校教育相结合，这项计划实施结果显示会影响到学生的生活和大学录取。
9 ．细节理解题。根据第一段中的 Bacteria are annoying problem for astronauts. The
microorganisms form our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces ofthe International Space
Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.可知，细菌对宇航员来说是个令
答案第 2 页，共 9 页
人讨厌的问题。这种来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面不受控制地生长，宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们。也就是说它们很难去掉。其中的“the microorganisms”包括
“bacteria” 。由此可知， A 项正确。
10 ．推理判断题。根据第二段的 HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with
NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill
bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案).可知，HUNCH 旨在把高中教室和 NASA 的工程师联系起来。Gordon 的学生一直在研究如何在零重力下杀死细菌；结合最后一段中的 Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.可知，学生每天都给 NASA 的工程师发邮件一起探讨（如何杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术）这个问题。由此可推断出 HUNCH program 的目的把空间技术与学校教育相结合。故 D 项正确。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段中的 Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and...it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”可知，NASA 的工程师会亲自审核学生们所做的产品。故 A 项正确。
12．主旨大意题。文章以国际空间站里的微生物很难清除开头，引出宇航员们解决此问题的途径——借助美国国家航空航天局的 HUNCH 高中班，此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结合起来。在这项计划里，学生们通过 homework（制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的产品）探索无疆的太空，因此“太空：最后的功课疆域”最适合做文章的标题。故选 B。
13 ．F 14 ．E 15 ．G 16 ．C 17 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要探讨了作者对旅行的看法，反驳了那些认为旅行是逃避生活的人，强调旅行是为了追求真正的生活和自由。
13．上文“When I first started traveling, my dad asked me what I was running away from. Another time, a friend told me to stop running away from my problems and to start living life. I’m not sure why.(当我刚开始旅行的时候，我爸爸问我在逃避什么。还有一次，一个朋友告诉我，不要再逃避我的问题了，要开始生活。我不知道为什么)”指出作者在开始旅行时，被周围的人质疑是在逃避问题，但作者不理解原因。F 选项“But there is this perception that travelers must be escaping something.(但有一种看法认为旅行者一定是在逃避什么)”承接上文，从上文的个人经历讲到一种普遍现象，即人们普遍认为旅行者是在逃避某些东西，进而引出下文“We are running away from responsibilities, challenges, and ultimately, maturity itself. People think we are all just Peter Pans refusing to be “adults” .(我们在逃避责任、挑战，最终逃避成熟本身。人们认
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为我们都是拒绝成为“成年人” 的彼得·潘)”对“逃避”对象的详细阐述，上下文语意连贯。故选 F项。
14 ．根据第一段和它的最后一句话“And to all those people, I say: you are right.(对所有那些人，我要说：你们是对的)”可知，周围的人质疑作者去旅行是在逃避问题，作者对此作出了肯定的答复： 自己是在逃避。E 选项“I’m running away from people’s fixed idea of the “real”
world.(我在逃避人们对“真实”世界的固有观念)”承接上文，明确说明自己是在逃避“真实”世界的固有观念，同时引出下文“I’m running away from office life, commutes (通勤), weekend
duties, and the strict path society has laid out as “normal” .(我正在逃离办公室生活、通勤压力、周末加班，以及社会设定好的所谓“正常”人生轨迹)”对固有观念的具体说明，上下文语意连贯。故选 E 项。
15 ．上文“In our society, the accepted path is long and narrow: you go to college, get a job, get
married, buy a house, have two or three children, raise them, and then retire. Only then, after you ’ ve put in your time, can you enjoy the fruits of your labor.(在我们的社会里，公认的道路是漫长而狭窄的：你上大学，找工作，结婚，买房，生两三个孩子，抚养他们，然后退休。只有这样，在你付出了时间之后，你才能享受劳动的果实)”详细描述个人们公认的“正常”人生轨迹， G 选项“Society boxes you in and restricts your movements to their expectations.(社会把你束缚 住，限制你的行动以符合他们的期望)”承接上文，指出这是来自社会的“束缚” ，与上文提到的公认的道路和限制相呼应。故选 G 项。
16 ．根据上文“For me, those who travel the world aren’t running away from life.(对我来说，那 些环游世界的人并不是在逃避生活)”可知，作者在反驳那些认为旅行是逃避生活的人。C 选项“On the contrary, they are running toward true living.(相反，他们是在追求真正的生活)”明确提出自己不同的观点，说明旅行者是在追求真正的生活，与上文提到的“逃避生活”相对比。故选 C 项。
17 ．根据上文“People may tell you they envy what you do, and say they wish they could travel
like you. But they never do. Few people have the courage to take the risk. But life is what you
make it out to be. Life is yours to create.(人们可能会告诉你他们羡慕你所做的，说他们希望也能像你一样旅行。但他们从来没有这样做过。很少有人有勇气去冒险。但生活是你自己创造的。生活由你创造)”可知，作者在鼓励人们勇敢追求自己想要的生活。D 选项“If you really want something, you have to go after it.(如果你真的想要什么，你就必须去追求它)”能够承接上文，说明如果想要什么就必须去追求，与上文提到的生活由自己创造相呼应。故选 D 项。
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18 ．C 19 ．A 20 ．B 21 ．D 22 ．C 23 ．B 24 ．A 25 ．D
26 ．A 27 ．C 28 ．C 29 ．A 30 ．D 31 ．B 32 ．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是 Hillary Krieger 的爸爸创造了“orbisculate”这个词，她认为这显示了爸爸的创新精神，她努力想让这个词被收录进词典。
18 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个男人意外把橙汁喷得满身都是。A. carefully 小心地；
B. intentionally 故意地；C. accidentally 意外地；D. constantly 不断地。根据“squirted (喷
溅)orange juice all over himself. ”和常识可知，喷溅橙汁满身并非刻意为之，而是突发的意外情况。故选 C。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我大喊道：‘哦，橙汁刚刚 orbisculated 了，’” 她后来回忆到。A. recalls 回忆起；B. comments 评论；C. complains 抱怨；D. insists 坚持。句子开头描述的是过去发生的场景，结合“later”可知，此处是希拉里之后对当时情况的回忆。故选 A。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大卫陷入困惑，问道；“什么情况？”A. panic 恐慌；B. confusion困惑；C. desperation 绝望；D. embarrassment 尴尬。根据上文“Oh, the orange just
orbisculated”和“It did what ”推测，大卫听到 orbisculated 这个陌生词汇后感到困惑。故选 B。
21 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：希拉里自己也很好奇，她迅速拿起词典，翻到“O”开头的部分 —— 结果却愣住了。A. contributed 贡献；B. responded 回应；C. applied 申请、应用；
D. turned 翻到、转向。根据“Hillary quickly grabbed a dictionary”可知，此处是指查阅词典时翻到某一字母开头的部分。故选 D。
22．考查介词短语辨析。句意：她难以置信地大步走进父亲的书房。A. On time 准时；B. At random 随机地；C. In disbelief 难以置信地；D. With admiration 钦佩地。根据上文“I shouted, ‘Oh, the orange just orbisculated” 以及“The word was nowhere to be found”可知，希拉里本以为orbisculated 是真实词汇，查词典却没找到，此时她感到难以置信。故选 C。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他露出尴尬的笑容，承认自己在大学时发明了这个词，从没想过它会留存—— 但多年来他在家人面前自然地使用这个词，大家都以为它是真实存在的。 A. chosen 选择；B. invented 发明、 自创；C. misused 误用；D. encountered 遇到。根据下文 “wondering how many other make-up words”推测，父亲是自创了 orbisculated 这个词。故选
B。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他露出尴尬的笑容，承认自己在大学时发明了这个词，从没想过它会留存—— 但多年来他在家人面前自然地使用这个词，大家都以为它是真实存在的。
答案第 5 页，共 9 页
A. stick 留存、坚持；B. improve 改善；C. transform 转变；D. disappear 消失。根据下文“he’d used it naturally around the family for years”可知，父亲自创的这个词被父亲一直使用，即它留存下来。故选 A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他露出尴尬的笑容，承认自己在大学时发明了这个词，从没想过它会留存—— 但多年来他在家人面前自然地使用这个词，大家都以为它是真实存在的。 A. denied 否认；B. pretended 假装；C. suspected 怀疑；D. assumed 假定、以为。根据上文“
he’d used it naturally around the family for years”可知，父亲自然地使用 orbisculated ，家人也没有怀疑，所以是以为它是真实词汇。故选 D。
26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：起初，希拉里感到沮丧，想知道还有多少其他自创词在她没注意的情况下悄悄进入她的词汇库。A. slipped into 悄悄进入；B. escaped from 从 逃脱； C. broken down 分解、出故障；D. gone against 违背。根据“without her noticing”可知，希拉 里担心其他自创词悄悄进入自己的词汇库。故选 A。
27 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久，她开始不把 orbisculated 看作一个错误，而是一份礼物—— 一扇窥见父亲富有创造力灵魂的小窗户。A. secret 秘密；B. lesson 教训；C. gift 礼物、馈赠；D. challenge 挑战。根据“a small window into her father’s inventive soul”推测，希拉里后来把这个词看作是一个窥见父亲创造力的窗口，因此它是一个礼物。故选 C。
28 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“ 它体现了他的创造力，” 她认为。A. adaptability 适应性； B. productivity 生产力；C. creativity 创造力；D. responsibility 责任感。根据上文“Wearing an awkward smile, he admitted he’d 6 the word back in college”可知，orbisculated 是父亲自创的词，这是创造力的体现。故选 C。
29 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“ 即使发生了令人讨厌的事 —— 比如橙汁溅到眼睛里 —— 他也能找到自嘲的方式，把一个混乱的时刻变成有趣的事。”A. messy 混乱的、棘手的；
B. cheerful 愉快的；C. critical 关键的；D. memorable 难忘的。根据上文“squirted (喷溅)orange juice all over himself”可知，橙汁溅到眼睛里是令人不悦的混乱时刻。故选 A。
30 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：悲伤笼罩着她，但决心也随之而来：orbisculated 理应在词典中占有一席之地。A. relief 缓解、宽慰；B. patience 耐心；C. sympathy 同情；D. determination决心。根据“ “Orbisculate” deserved a place in the dictionary.”可知，希拉里的目标是让
orbisculated 进入词典，这体现了她的决心。故选 D。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的目标不只是让一个词被收录并释义；更是为了让父亲的快乐延续下去。A. revised 修订；B. defined 定义、收录并释义；C. translated 翻译；D. corrected
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纠正。根据上文“ “Orbisculate” deserved a place in the dictionary.”可知，希拉里想让orbisculated 进入词典，核心是让这个词被词典收录并释义。故选 B。
32 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她认为，这是纪念他的最佳方式。A. assist 帮助；B. honor纪念、致敬；C. contact 联系；D. accompany 陪伴。根据上文“Two decades later, Hillary’s father passed away.”和“ “Orbisculate” deserved a place in the dictionary.”可知，父亲已去世，希拉里通过让 orbisculated 进入词典来纪念他。故选 B。
33．dating 34．which 35．advanced 36．the 37．as 38．kept 39．Equally
40 ．to admire 41 ．scenes 42 ．has brought
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了河南省郑州市新落成的大河村遗址博物馆，该博物馆通过先进的数字技术展示了中国 7000 年文明的演变，让早期中国历史触手可及。
33．考查非谓语动词。句意：在河南省郑州市，全新落成的大河村遗址博物馆带领游客踏上了一段穿越中国 7000 年文明演变的真实旅程。“(date) back 7,000 years”作定语，date back(追溯到)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“Chinese civilization”之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填 dating。
34．考查定语从句。句意：该博物馆于 6 月 14 日开放，展出了来自 30 多个考古遗址的 1600多件文物，其中许多是首次公开展出。“many of are being displayed publicly for the first time”是定语从句，修饰先行词“artifacts” ，指物，关系词将其代入定语从句中作介词 of 的宾语，用关系代词 which 引导从句。故填 which。
35．考查形容词。句意：借助先进的数字技术，博物馆为以彩陶闻名、标志着中国现代考古学开端的仰韶文化注入了活力。提示词修饰名词短语 digital technology ，用形容词 advanced作定语，意为“先进的” 。故填 advanced。
36．考查冠词。句意：借助先进的数字技术，博物馆为以彩陶闻名、标志着中国现代考古学开端的仰韶文化注入了活力。根据“of modem Chinese archaeology”可知，特指中国现代考古学的开端，用定冠词 the 限定名词 beginning 。故填 the。
37．考查介词。句意：它并排的设计不仅反映了部落的团结和友谊，也是和平与艺术卓越的象征。stand as 是固定短语，意为“作为 而存在，成为” ，符合句意。故填 as。
38 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：这件在河南博物馆保存了 50 多年的杰作，终于回到了最初出土的地方。“(keep) in the Henan Museum for over 50 years”作定语，keep(保存)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“This masterpiece”之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填 kept。
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39 ．考查副词。句意：同样令人印象深刻的是仰韶文化晚期的一段城墙，这是中国早期城市规划的罕见证据，它让游客可以欣赏到 50 多件带有太阳和蝴蝶图案的陶器，并深入了解古代人民的想象力和信仰。提示词修饰形容词 impressive ，用副词 equally 作状语，意为“ 同样地” ；句首单词首字母大写。故填 Equally。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：同样令人印象深刻的是仰韶文化晚期的一段城墙，这是中国早期城市规划的罕见证据，它让游客可以欣赏到 50 多件带有太阳和蝴蝶图案的陶器，并深入了解古代人民的想象力和信仰。“enable sb. to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“使某人能够做某
事” ，用不定式作宾语补足语。故填 to admire。
41．考查名词。句意：重新制作的制陶和务农场景让游客能够看到、听到甚至闻到早期定居者的生活气息。可数名词 scene(场景)作主语，根据“pottery-making and farming”可知，场景包括制陶和务农，用复数形式。故填 scenes。
42．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，这种独特的体验让中国文化栩栩如生。bring(带来)是谓语动词，根据时间状语“So far”可知，讲述从过去持续到现在的事情，用现在完成时，主语 experience(体验)是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填 has brought。
43 ．Not only did the activity provide me with a platform to broaden my horizons, but its rich contents also sparked/fueled my burning passion for English.
【详解】考查部分倒装、动词短语、连词和时态。“这次活动给我提供了一个拓展视野的平台”是分句，其中主语“这次活动”译为 the activity ，“给某人提供某物”用动词短语 provide sb. with sth.，讲述过去发生的事情，谓语动词 provide 用一般过去时态 provided，宾语“我”和“一个拓展视野的平台”分别用 me 和 a platform to broaden my horizons；“其丰富的内容点燃了我对英语的炽热激情”是分句，主语“其丰富的内容”译为 its rich contents，“ 点燃某人的激情”用动词短语 spark/fuel one’s passion for sth.，讲述过去发生的事情，谓语动词 spark 和 fuel 用一般过去时态 sparked 和 fueled ，宾语“英语”应用名词 English；两个分句用“不仅 而
且 ”连接，用复合连词 not only...but also... ，not only 置于句首，句子需要部分倒装，即将助动词 did 提前到主语前面，谓语动词 provide 改用原形。综上，全句译为：Not only did the activity provide me with a platform to broaden my horizons, but its rich contents also
sparked/fueled my burning passion for English.
44 ．The true essence/meaning of life lies not in struggling to survive/through the storm, but in learning to dance gracefully in the drizzle/rain.
【详解】考查名词、动词短语、连词和时态。“生活的真谛”作主语，译为 the true
答案第 8 页，共 9 页
essence/meaning of life；谓语“在于”用动词短语 lie in，句子描述一般性事实，用一般现在时态，主语是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 lies in；宾语“挣扎着度过暴风雨”和“学会在细雨中优雅起舞”分别译为 struggle to survive/through the storm 和 learn to dance gracefully in
the drizzle/rain，均使用动名词形式作介词 in 的宾语；“不(在于) 而(在于) ”用复合连
词 not...but...，连接两个并列的介词短语。综上，全句译为：The true essence/meaning of life lies
not in struggling to survive/through the storm, but in learning to dance gracefully in the drizzle/rain.
45 ．A sense of despair swallowed/seized/took hold of her.
【详解】考查无灵主语句、动词、动词短语和时态。“绝望”作无灵主语，用名词短语 a sense of despair ；谓语“吞没”用动词 swallow ，seize 或 take hold of，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时态；原主语“她” 改为宾语，用宾格人称代词 her 。综上，全句译为：A sense of despair swallowed/seized/took hold of her.
46 ．The teacher patted me on the shoulder, saying gently, “It’s normal for you to fail at the first attempt, and perseverance matters/counts.”
【详解】考查现在分词作伴随状语、固定搭配和名词的用法。句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时；“老师拍了拍我的肩膀”是主句，“老师”在句中作主语，应用 the teacher；“拍某人的肩膀”用固定搭配 pat sb. on the shoulder ；结合一般过去时应用 patted me on the shoulder； “温柔地说”在句中作伴随状语，应用现在分词短语 saying gently；“你第一次尝试时失败是很正常的”作 saying 的宾语，用固定句型 It’s normal for you to fail at the first attempt ，其中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语；“坚持不懈很重要”与前一宾语并列，用
perseverance matters/counts，perseverance 作主语，为不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故翻译为 The teacher patted me on the shoulder, saying gently, “It’s normal for you to fail at the first attempt, and perseverance matters/counts.”
47 ．I took a deep breath, dived into the water and saved the drowning girl.
【详解】考查固定短语、时态。表示“我”用 I ，作主语；表示“深吸一口气”用 take a deep
breath，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式 took；表示“跳入水中”用 dive into the water，表示“救了那个溺水的女孩”用 save the drowning girl，用过去式 dived和 saved，三个并列的连续谓语动词用并列连词 and 连接。故翻译为 I took a deep breath, dived
into the water and saved the drowning girl.
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（宏奥卷）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 42.5 分）
第一节（共 12 小题：每小题 2.5 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
Turning thirty, a milestone that feels like the start for a career, the prime of a lion, and the peak for a dancer. Thirty is a number that I’ve been anticipating, yet it’s a label I was afraid to
embrace. Thirty is supposed to be my teacher’s age, but now it’s mine, and with it comes everything it signifies.
A few days ago, a colleague tried to comfort me by saying,“Thirty is what twenty used to be.” He made a thought-provoking (发人深省的) point. Am I still on the summit People keep telling me the highest point has just been shifted, and I keep telling them that the climbing wall has dropped from the ten feet I once scaled with ease to the eight feet that now seem
insurmountable (不可逾越的).
“You are not growing older, you are growing wiser,” says a wise old friend. This, however, is the kind of wisdom that makes one seek a different perspective.
And so as I approach the day when I can no longer leap over the barriers with the same energy, I consider it necessary to share some thoughts on maturity with you. I am driven to
express how maturity feels to me, both physically and mentally. Growing older, is a mixture of flexibility and acceptance and a process that requires both fighting against the unavoidable and embracing the changes that come. In fact, a philosopher considered it the most enlightening
transition of all:
Embrace maturity with me!
The best is yet to be.
Whether or not he was right, most of my first thirty years have been enlightening ones, so I will settle for what lies ahead being as fulfilling as what has passed. I find myself moving toward
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the future with a curious mix of both challenging and embracing my maturity, hoping that the poet was right when he said, “youth is always fifteen years behind us.”
1 ．What does the author imply in the first paragraph
A ．Time flies quickly. B ．Only time will tell.
C ．Time heal s all wounds. D ．Aging is a harsh reality.
2 ．What does the phrase “on the summit” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A ．Being on one’s peak. B ．Experiencing a decline.
C ．Reaching the top post. D ．Facing a turning point.
3 ．What can we learn from the author’s reflection on maturity
A．Maturity is a contradictory but natural process. B．There is a clear decline in mental abilities.
C ．It is necessary to fight against maturity. D ．It means forgetting about our past.
4 ．How does the author feel about the future life
A ．Peaceful. B ．Promising. C ．Upset. D ．Regretful.
B
Have you ever felt so stressed that you just sort of froze Your body goes still, you can’t
feel much but, at the same time, your senses are working overtime. You know you must act soon; but it’s as if something is stopping you. This “freezing”, or tonic immobility in academic terms, is an adaptive defense response to stress or danger.
When we freeze, our heart rate drops and our blood pressure changes. Our pupils might become wider. A flood of hormones (荷尔蒙) spread quickly, readying us for action. It can all happen within seconds.
While fight-or-flight seems logical for survival, freezing appears counterproductive —
potentially too much to handle, making us incapable of acting or making a decision. But is that really all that’s going on Not according to Prof Karin Roelofs, a neuroscientist who studies
freezing at Radboud University.“Many people think that freezing is a kind of shutdown of the
system,” she says.“What we actually find is that in threatening situations, freezing actually helps gain more information, prepare actions, and improve perception and decision-making.” Freezing acts like an emergency flow state: watchful, not petrified.
Importantly, this response can be trained. Roelofs highlights two groups controlling
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freezing: living statues, street performers maintaining extreme stillness and snipers (狙击手)
requiring absolute stillness while making decisions. Lab research confirms this. A virtual reality shooting game showed players with stronger freezing responses performed better and decided
faster. Freezing doesn’t slow responses. “Brain noise reduces. Perception increases. You make better decisions faster,” Roelofs clarifies.
But let’s say you’re not a sniper, or don’t spend your weekends as a living statue. What if
you’re about to take an exam or lead a big business meeting Those situations involving social
pressure, may not be life or death, but still can cause freezing. The key is to use this response
through training, particularly focused breathing: maintain slow, rhythmic exhalation (有节奏的呼气). Instead of feeling out of control, you can master it and — sniper or not — take your best shot.
5 ．What happens in “freezing” according to the text
A ．Awareness is lost.
B ．The heart pounds.
C ．Senses are sharper.
D ．The breath quickens.
6 ．What does the underlined word “petrified” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A ．Confused. B ．Panicked. C ．Distressed. D ．Occupied.
7 ．Why are living statues and snipers mentioned in Paragraph 4
A ．To contrast response types.
B ．To illustrate freezing causes.
C ．To support response training.
D ．To criticize stressful professions.
8 ．How should students manage exam freezing according to the text
A ．Seek professional help.
B ．Apply trained breathing.
C ．Hold breath to stay still.
D ．Make last-minute revisions.
C
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our
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bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces ofthe International Space Station, so astronauts spend
hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem It’s
turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they
think they’re close to a solution(解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no
grades, other than ‘Are you working towards your goal ’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this
product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA. ’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and...it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the
problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
9 ．What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station
A ．They are hard to get rid of. B ．They lead to air pollution.
C ．They appear in different forms. D ．They damage the instruments.
10 ．What is the purpose of the HUNCH program
A ．To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B ．To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C ．To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D ．To link space technology with school education.
11 ．What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program
A ．Check their product. B ．Guide project designs.
C ．Adjust work schedules. D ．Grade their homework.
12 ．What is the best title for the text
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A ．NASA: The Home of Astronauts
B ．Space: The Final Homework Frontier
C ．Nature: An Outdoor Classroom
D ．HUNCH: A College Admission Reform
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When I first started traveling, my dad asked me what I was running away from. Another
time, a friend told me to stop running away from my problems and to start living life. I’m not sure why. 13 We are running away from responsibilities, challenges, and ultimately, maturity itself. People think we are all just Peter Pans refusing to be “adults”. And to all those people, I say: you are right.
14 I’m running away from office life, commutes (通勤), weekend duties, and the strict path society has laid out as “normal”. I’m running away because I want to experience every culture, see every mountain, eat different food, attend crazy festivals, meet new people, and enjoy different holidays around the world. I want to construct a life that makes me happy.
In our society, the accepted path is long and narrow: you go to college, get a job, get
married, buy a house, have two or three children, raise them, and then retire. Only then, after you’ ve put in your time, can you enjoy the fruits of your labor. ____15____ And any deviation (偏差) is considered abnormal and strange.
For me, those who travel the world aren’t running away from life. 16 They are
exploring the world and living on their own terms. They have a degree of freedom a lot of people will never experience. They get to be the captains oftheir own ships.
People may tell you they envy what you do, and say they wish they could travel like you. But they never do. Few people have the courage to take the risk. But life is what you make it out to be. Life is yours to create. 17 So I’m not running away. I am just going after my own life. And I never plan to look back.
A ．Traveling is something everyone should do.
B ．Responsible people don’t just travel forever.
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C ．On the contrary, they are running toward true living.
D ．If you really want something, you have to go after it.
E ．I’m running away from people’s fixed idea of the “real” world.
F ．But there is this perception that travelers must be escaping something.
G ．Society boxes you in and restricts your movements to their expectations.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 42.5 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Hillary Krieger was sitting in her parents’ house with her friend, David. The man squirted (喷溅) orange juice all over himself. “I shouted, ‘Oh, the orange just orbisculated,’” she later . David was thrown into , “It did what ”
Curious herself, Hillary quickly grabbed a dictionary and to the “O” section —
only to freeze. The word was nowhere to be found. , she marched into her father’s study. Wearing an awkward smile, he admitted he’d ________ the word back in college, never imagining it would — yet he’d used it naturally around the family for years and everyone had
it was real.
At first, Hillary felt frustrated, wondering how many other make-up words had her vocabulary without her noticing. But that frustration faded fast. Soon, she began to see
“orbisculate” not as a mistake, but as a — a small window into her father’s inventive soul. “It speaks to his ,” she believes. “Even when something is annoying-like orange juice in your eye — he found a way to laugh at it, turning a moment into something fun.”
Two decades later, Hillary’s father passed away. Sorrow settled over her, but so did
: “Orbisculate” deserved a place in the dictionary. Her goal wasn’t just to get a word
; it was to keep her father’s joy alive. This, she thought, was the best way to
him.
18 ．A ．carefully B ．intentionally C ．accidentally D ．constantly
19 ．A ．recalls B ．comments C ．complains D ．insists
试卷第 6 页，共 8 页
20 ．A ．panic B ．confusion C ．desperation D ．embarrassment
21 ．A ．contributed B ．responded C ．applied D ．turned
22 ．A ．On time B ．At random C ．In disbelief D ．With admiration
23 ．A ．chosen B ．invented C ．misused D ．encountered
24 ．A ．stick B ．improve C ．transform D ．disappear
25 ．A ．denied B ．pretended C ．suspected D ．assumed
26 ．A ．slipped into B ．escaped from C ．broken down D ．gone against
27 ．A ．secret B ．lesson C ．gift D ．challenge
28 ．A ．adaptability B ．productivity C ．creativity D ．responsibility
29 ．A ．messy B ．cheerful C ．critical D ．memorable
30 ．A ．relief B ．patience C ．sympathy D ．determination
31 ．A ．revised B ．defined C ．translated D ．corrected
32 ．A ．assist B ．honor C ．contact D ．accompany
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
In Zhengzhou, Henan province, the brand-new Dahecun Site Museum takes visitors on a real-life journey through the evolution of Chinese civilization 33 (date) back 7,000
years. Opened on June 14, the museum showcases over 1,600 artifacts from more than 30
archaeological (考古学的) sites, many of 34 are being displayed publicly for the first time.
Never before has the early history of China felt so close. With ____35____ (advance)
digital technology, the museum breathes life into Yangshao culture, known for its painted pottery and marking 36 beginning of modern Chinese archaeology.
One of the most eye-catching exhibits is a 6,000-year-old twin pottery pot. Not only does
its side-by-side design reflect tribal unity and friendship, but it also stands 37 a symbol of peace and artistic excellence. This masterpiece, once 38 (keep) in the Henan Museum for over 50 years, has finally returned to where it was first unearthed.
39 (equal) impressive is a city wall from the late Yangshao period, rare evidence
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of early Chinese urban planning, which enables visitors 40 (admire) over 50 pottery
pieces with sun and butterfly patterns and gain insight into the imagination and beliefs of ancient people.
Not until one enters the immersive zone can the distant past feel so real. Recreated
41 (scene) of pottery-making and farming allow visitors to see, hear and even smell the life of early settlers. So far, this unique experience 42 (bring) Chinese culture to life.
第四部分 句子翻译（共 5 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 15 分）
43．这次活动不仅给我提供了一个拓展视野的平台，而且其丰富的内容还点燃了我对英语的炽热激情。(not only...but also 倒装结构) (汉译英)
44 ．生活的真谛不在于挣扎着度过暴风雨，而在于学会在细雨中优雅起舞。(essence) (汉译英)
45 ．她完全被绝望吞没了。(无灵主语句；despair) (汉译英)
46 ．老师拍了拍我的肩膀，温柔地说：“你第一次尝试时失败是很正常的，坚持不懈很重要。”（现在分词作状语； perseverance）（汉译英）
47 ．我深吸一口气，跳入水中，救了那个溺水的女孩。（动作链；drowning）（汉译英）
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1 ．D 2 ．A 3 ．A 4 ．B
【导语】这是一篇抒情性散文。作者即将迈入 30 岁，对这一年纪既期待又畏惧，分享对成熟的思考，认为变老是矛盾却自然的过程，对未来充满期待。
1 ．推理判断题。根据第一段“Thirty is a number that I’ve been anticipating, yet it’s a label I was afraid to embrace. Thirty is supposed to be my teacher’s age, but now it’s mine, and with it comes everything it signifies. (30 岁是我一直期待的数字，却也是我害怕接受的标签。30 岁本应是我老师的年纪，可现在它成了我的年纪，随之而来的还有这个年纪所象征的一切。)”可知，作者对 30 岁的到来既期待又畏惧，意识到曾经觉得遥远的“成熟年纪” 已然降临，暗含“变 老已是残酷的现实”之意。故选 D 项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“People keep telling me the highest point has just been shifted, and I keep telling them that the climbing wall has dropped from the ten feet I once scaled with ease to
the eight feet that now seem insurmountable (不可逾越的). (人们总说最高点只是变了位置，可我总告诉他们，那面攀岩墙从我曾经轻松攀爬的 10 英尺，降到了如今看似不可逾越的 8 英尺。)”可知，上句中“on the summit”与本句中“the highest point(最高点)”表意呼应，指“处于人生巅峰状态” 。故选 A 项。
3 ．细节理解题。根据第四段“Growing older, is a mixture of flexibility and acceptance and a
process that requires both fighting against the unavoidable and embracing the changes that come. (变老是灵活与接纳的结合，是一个既需要对抗不可避免的现实，又要接纳随之而来的变化的过程。)”可知，作者认为成熟（变老）是既需要抗争又需要接纳的过程，存在矛盾性，但也是自然发生的过程，即“成熟是矛盾却自然的过程” 。故选 A 项。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The best is yet to be.(最好的尚未到来)”和最后一段“Whether or not he was right, most of my first thirty years have been enlightening ones, so I will settle for
what lies ahead being as fulfilling as what has passed. I find myself moving toward the future with a curious mix of both challenging and embracing my maturity, hoping that the poet was right
when he said, “youth is always fifteen years behind us.”(无论他是否正确，我前三十年的大部分时间都是有启发性的，所以我会满足于未来的事情和过去的事情一样充实。我发现自己在走向未来的过程中，既充满了挑战，又拥抱了自己的成熟，希望诗人说的“青春总是落后于我们十五年”是对的。)”可知，作者认为未来仍有美好等待，对未来生活充满期待，觉得未来是有希望的。故选 B 项。
5 ．C 6 ．B 7 ．C 8 ．B
答案第 1 页，共 9 页
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在面对压力或危险时，人们会出现“冻结”反应及其作用，还说明了可以通过训练来掌控这种反应。
5 ．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Have you ever felt so stressed that you just sort of froze Your body goes still, you can’t feel much but, at the same time, your senses are working overtime. (你有没有曾经因感到压力太大，以至于有点僵住了？你的身体静止不动，你感觉不到太多，但与此同时，你的感官却在超负荷工作。)”可知，在“僵住” 时，感官却在全力工作，说明感官会更加敏锐。故选 C 项。
6 ．词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“Freezing acts like an emergency flow state: watchful, not (僵住就像一种紧急流动状态：警惕，而不是)”和表示转折的“not”可知，僵住时人们虽然警惕但并非吓呆了，而是保持冷静的观察状态，由此可推测“petrified”应与“watchful (警惕的)”形成对比，意为“ 吓呆了的； 目瞪口呆的” ，与 B 项“Panicked (惊慌失措)”意思相近。故选 B 项。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Importantly, this response can be trained. Roelofs highlights two groups controlling freezing: living statues, street performers maintaining extreme stillness and
snipers (狙击手) requiring absolute stillness while making decisions. Lab research confirms this. (重要的是，这种反应是可以训练的。Roelofs 强调了两组控制僵住的人：活雕像，即保持极度静止的街头表演者，以及在做出决定时需要绝对静止的狙击手。实验室研究证实了这一点。)”可知，提到活雕像和狙击手是为了说明僵住反应可以通过训练来控制，从而支持“这种反应可以通过训练来掌控” 的观点。故选 C 项。
8 ．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The key is to use this response through training, particularly focused breathing: maintain slow, rhythmic exhalation (有节奏的呼气). (关键是通过训练来利
用这种反应，特别是专注呼吸：保持缓慢、有节奏的呼气。)”可知，学生应该通过训练呼吸来应对考试时的僵住反应。故选 B 项。
9 ．A 10 ．D 11 ．A 12 ．B
【分析】本文为说明文。本文介绍了美国国家航空航天局的 HUNCH 计划。参与这个计划的高中生制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的产品，此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结合起来，把空间技术与带进课堂，与学校教育相结合，这项计划实施结果显示会影响到学生的生活和大学录取。
9 ．细节理解题。根据第一段中的 Bacteria are annoying problem for astronauts. The
microorganisms form our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces ofthe International Space
Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.可知，细菌对宇航员来说是个令
答案第 2 页，共 9 页
人讨厌的问题。这种来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面不受控制地生长，宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们。也就是说它们很难去掉。其中的“the microorganisms”包括
“bacteria” 。由此可知， A 项正确。
10 ．推理判断题。根据第二段的 HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with
NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill
bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案).可知，HUNCH 旨在把高中教室和 NASA 的工程师联系起来。Gordon 的学生一直在研究如何在零重力下杀死细菌；结合最后一段中的 Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.可知，学生每天都给 NASA 的工程师发邮件一起探讨（如何杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术）这个问题。由此可推断出 HUNCH program 的目的把空间技术与学校教育相结合。故 D 项正确。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段中的 Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and...it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”可知，NASA 的工程师会亲自审核学生们所做的产品。故 A 项正确。
12．主旨大意题。文章以国际空间站里的微生物很难清除开头，引出宇航员们解决此问题的途径——借助美国国家航空航天局的 HUNCH 高中班，此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结合起来。在这项计划里，学生们通过 homework（制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的产品）探索无疆的太空，因此“太空：最后的功课疆域”最适合做文章的标题。故选 B。
13 ．F 14 ．E 15 ．G 16 ．C 17 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要探讨了作者对旅行的看法，反驳了那些认为旅行是逃避生活的人，强调旅行是为了追求真正的生活和自由。
13．上文“When I first started traveling, my dad asked me what I was running away from. Another time, a friend told me to stop running away from my problems and to start living life. I’m not sure why.(当我刚开始旅行的时候，我爸爸问我在逃避什么。还有一次，一个朋友告诉我，不要再逃避我的问题了，要开始生活。我不知道为什么)”指出作者在开始旅行时，被周围的人质疑是在逃避问题，但作者不理解原因。F 选项“But there is this perception that travelers must be escaping something.(但有一种看法认为旅行者一定是在逃避什么)”承接上文，从上文的个人经历讲到一种普遍现象，即人们普遍认为旅行者是在逃避某些东西，进而引出下文“We are running away from responsibilities, challenges, and ultimately, maturity itself. People think we are all just Peter Pans refusing to be “adults” .(我们在逃避责任、挑战，最终逃避成熟本身。人们认
答案第 3 页，共 9 页
为我们都是拒绝成为“成年人” 的彼得·潘)”对“逃避”对象的详细阐述，上下文语意连贯。故选 F项。
14 ．根据第一段和它的最后一句话“And to all those people, I say: you are right.(对所有那些人，我要说：你们是对的)”可知，周围的人质疑作者去旅行是在逃避问题，作者对此作出了肯定的答复： 自己是在逃避。E 选项“I’m running away from people’s fixed idea of the “real”
world.(我在逃避人们对“真实”世界的固有观念)”承接上文，明确说明自己是在逃避“真实”世界的固有观念，同时引出下文“I’m running away from office life, commutes (通勤), weekend
duties, and the strict path society has laid out as “normal” .(我正在逃离办公室生活、通勤压力、周末加班，以及社会设定好的所谓“正常”人生轨迹)”对固有观念的具体说明，上下文语意连贯。故选 E 项。
15 ．上文“In our society, the accepted path is long and narrow: you go to college, get a job, get
married, buy a house, have two or three children, raise them, and then retire. Only then, after you ’ ve put in your time, can you enjoy the fruits of your labor.(在我们的社会里，公认的道路是漫长而狭窄的：你上大学，找工作，结婚，买房，生两三个孩子，抚养他们，然后退休。只有这样，在你付出了时间之后，你才能享受劳动的果实)”详细描述个人们公认的“正常”人生轨迹， G 选项“Society boxes you in and restricts your movements to their expectations.(社会把你束缚 住，限制你的行动以符合他们的期望)”承接上文，指出这是来自社会的“束缚” ，与上文提到的公认的道路和限制相呼应。故选 G 项。
16 ．根据上文“For me, those who travel the world aren’t running away from life.(对我来说，那 些环游世界的人并不是在逃避生活)”可知，作者在反驳那些认为旅行是逃避生活的人。C 选项“On the contrary, they are running toward true living.(相反，他们是在追求真正的生活)”明确提出自己不同的观点，说明旅行者是在追求真正的生活，与上文提到的“逃避生活”相对比。故选 C 项。
17 ．根据上文“People may tell you they envy what you do, and say they wish they could travel
like you. But they never do. Few people have the courage to take the risk. But life is what you
make it out to be. Life is yours to create.(人们可能会告诉你他们羡慕你所做的，说他们希望也能像你一样旅行。但他们从来没有这样做过。很少有人有勇气去冒险。但生活是你自己创造的。生活由你创造)”可知，作者在鼓励人们勇敢追求自己想要的生活。D 选项“If you really want something, you have to go after it.(如果你真的想要什么，你就必须去追求它)”能够承接上文，说明如果想要什么就必须去追求，与上文提到的生活由自己创造相呼应。故选 D 项。
答案第 4 页，共 9 页
18 ．C 19 ．A 20 ．B 21 ．D 22 ．C 23 ．B 24 ．A 25 ．D
26 ．A 27 ．C 28 ．C 29 ．A 30 ．D 31 ．B 32 ．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是 Hillary Krieger 的爸爸创造了“orbisculate”这个词，她认为这显示了爸爸的创新精神，她努力想让这个词被收录进词典。
18 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个男人意外把橙汁喷得满身都是。A. carefully 小心地；
B. intentionally 故意地；C. accidentally 意外地；D. constantly 不断地。根据“squirted (喷
溅)orange juice all over himself. ”和常识可知，喷溅橙汁满身并非刻意为之，而是突发的意外情况。故选 C。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我大喊道：‘哦，橙汁刚刚 orbisculated 了，’” 她后来回忆到。A. recalls 回忆起；B. comments 评论；C. complains 抱怨；D. insists 坚持。句子开头描述的是过去发生的场景，结合“later”可知，此处是希拉里之后对当时情况的回忆。故选 A。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大卫陷入困惑，问道；“什么情况？”A. panic 恐慌；B. confusion困惑；C. desperation 绝望；D. embarrassment 尴尬。根据上文“Oh, the orange just
orbisculated”和“It did what ”推测，大卫听到 orbisculated 这个陌生词汇后感到困惑。故选 B。
21 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：希拉里自己也很好奇，她迅速拿起词典，翻到“O”开头的部分 —— 结果却愣住了。A. contributed 贡献；B. responded 回应；C. applied 申请、应用；
D. turned 翻到、转向。根据“Hillary quickly grabbed a dictionary”可知，此处是指查阅词典时翻到某一字母开头的部分。故选 D。
22．考查介词短语辨析。句意：她难以置信地大步走进父亲的书房。A. On time 准时；B. At random 随机地；C. In disbelief 难以置信地；D. With admiration 钦佩地。根据上文“I shouted, ‘Oh, the orange just orbisculated” 以及“The word was nowhere to be found”可知，希拉里本以为orbisculated 是真实词汇，查词典却没找到，此时她感到难以置信。故选 C。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他露出尴尬的笑容，承认自己在大学时发明了这个词，从没想过它会留存—— 但多年来他在家人面前自然地使用这个词，大家都以为它是真实存在的。 A. chosen 选择；B. invented 发明、 自创；C. misused 误用；D. encountered 遇到。根据下文 “wondering how many other make-up words”推测，父亲是自创了 orbisculated 这个词。故选
B。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他露出尴尬的笑容，承认自己在大学时发明了这个词，从没想过它会留存—— 但多年来他在家人面前自然地使用这个词，大家都以为它是真实存在的。
答案第 5 页，共 9 页
A. stick 留存、坚持；B. improve 改善；C. transform 转变；D. disappear 消失。根据下文“he’d used it naturally around the family for years”可知，父亲自创的这个词被父亲一直使用，即它留存下来。故选 A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他露出尴尬的笑容，承认自己在大学时发明了这个词，从没想过它会留存—— 但多年来他在家人面前自然地使用这个词，大家都以为它是真实存在的。 A. denied 否认；B. pretended 假装；C. suspected 怀疑；D. assumed 假定、以为。根据上文“
he’d used it naturally around the family for years”可知，父亲自然地使用 orbisculated ，家人也没有怀疑，所以是以为它是真实词汇。故选 D。
26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：起初，希拉里感到沮丧，想知道还有多少其他自创词在她没注意的情况下悄悄进入她的词汇库。A. slipped into 悄悄进入；B. escaped from 从 逃脱； C. broken down 分解、出故障；D. gone against 违背。根据“without her noticing”可知，希拉 里担心其他自创词悄悄进入自己的词汇库。故选 A。
27 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久，她开始不把 orbisculated 看作一个错误，而是一份礼物—— 一扇窥见父亲富有创造力灵魂的小窗户。A. secret 秘密；B. lesson 教训；C. gift 礼物、馈赠；D. challenge 挑战。根据“a small window into her father’s inventive soul”推测，希拉里后来把这个词看作是一个窥见父亲创造力的窗口，因此它是一个礼物。故选 C。
28 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“ 它体现了他的创造力，” 她认为。A. adaptability 适应性； B. productivity 生产力；C. creativity 创造力；D. responsibility 责任感。根据上文“Wearing an awkward smile, he admitted he’d 6 the word back in college”可知，orbisculated 是父亲自创的词，这是创造力的体现。故选 C。
29 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“ 即使发生了令人讨厌的事 —— 比如橙汁溅到眼睛里 —— 他也能找到自嘲的方式，把一个混乱的时刻变成有趣的事。”A. messy 混乱的、棘手的；
B. cheerful 愉快的；C. critical 关键的；D. memorable 难忘的。根据上文“squirted (喷溅)orange juice all over himself”可知，橙汁溅到眼睛里是令人不悦的混乱时刻。故选 A。
30 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：悲伤笼罩着她，但决心也随之而来：orbisculated 理应在词典中占有一席之地。A. relief 缓解、宽慰；B. patience 耐心；C. sympathy 同情；D. determination决心。根据“ “Orbisculate” deserved a place in the dictionary.”可知，希拉里的目标是让
orbisculated 进入词典，这体现了她的决心。故选 D。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的目标不只是让一个词被收录并释义；更是为了让父亲的快乐延续下去。A. revised 修订；B. defined 定义、收录并释义；C. translated 翻译；D. corrected
答案第 6 页，共 9 页
纠正。根据上文“ “Orbisculate” deserved a place in the dictionary.”可知，希拉里想让orbisculated 进入词典，核心是让这个词被词典收录并释义。故选 B。
32 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她认为，这是纪念他的最佳方式。A. assist 帮助；B. honor纪念、致敬；C. contact 联系；D. accompany 陪伴。根据上文“Two decades later, Hillary’s father passed away.”和“ “Orbisculate” deserved a place in the dictionary.”可知，父亲已去世，希拉里通过让 orbisculated 进入词典来纪念他。故选 B。
33．dating 34．which 35．advanced 36．the 37．as 38．kept 39．Equally
40 ．to admire 41 ．scenes 42 ．has brought
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了河南省郑州市新落成的大河村遗址博物馆，该博物馆通过先进的数字技术展示了中国 7000 年文明的演变，让早期中国历史触手可及。
33．考查非谓语动词。句意：在河南省郑州市，全新落成的大河村遗址博物馆带领游客踏上了一段穿越中国 7000 年文明演变的真实旅程。“(date) back 7,000 years”作定语，date back(追溯到)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“Chinese civilization”之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填 dating。
34．考查定语从句。句意：该博物馆于 6 月 14 日开放，展出了来自 30 多个考古遗址的 1600多件文物，其中许多是首次公开展出。“many of are being displayed publicly for the first time”是定语从句，修饰先行词“artifacts” ，指物，关系词将其代入定语从句中作介词 of 的宾语，用关系代词 which 引导从句。故填 which。
35．考查形容词。句意：借助先进的数字技术，博物馆为以彩陶闻名、标志着中国现代考古学开端的仰韶文化注入了活力。提示词修饰名词短语 digital technology ，用形容词 advanced作定语，意为“先进的” 。故填 advanced。
36．考查冠词。句意：借助先进的数字技术，博物馆为以彩陶闻名、标志着中国现代考古学开端的仰韶文化注入了活力。根据“of modem Chinese archaeology”可知，特指中国现代考古学的开端，用定冠词 the 限定名词 beginning 。故填 the。
37．考查介词。句意：它并排的设计不仅反映了部落的团结和友谊，也是和平与艺术卓越的象征。stand as 是固定短语，意为“作为 而存在，成为” ，符合句意。故填 as。
38 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：这件在河南博物馆保存了 50 多年的杰作，终于回到了最初出土的地方。“(keep) in the Henan Museum for over 50 years”作定语，keep(保存)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“This masterpiece”之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填 kept。
答案第 7 页，共 9 页
39 ．考查副词。句意：同样令人印象深刻的是仰韶文化晚期的一段城墙，这是中国早期城市规划的罕见证据，它让游客可以欣赏到 50 多件带有太阳和蝴蝶图案的陶器，并深入了解古代人民的想象力和信仰。提示词修饰形容词 impressive ，用副词 equally 作状语，意为“ 同样地” ；句首单词首字母大写。故填 Equally。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：同样令人印象深刻的是仰韶文化晚期的一段城墙，这是中国早期城市规划的罕见证据，它让游客可以欣赏到 50 多件带有太阳和蝴蝶图案的陶器，并深入了解古代人民的想象力和信仰。“enable sb. to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“使某人能够做某
事” ，用不定式作宾语补足语。故填 to admire。
41．考查名词。句意：重新制作的制陶和务农场景让游客能够看到、听到甚至闻到早期定居者的生活气息。可数名词 scene(场景)作主语，根据“pottery-making and farming”可知，场景包括制陶和务农，用复数形式。故填 scenes。
42．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，这种独特的体验让中国文化栩栩如生。bring(带来)是谓语动词，根据时间状语“So far”可知，讲述从过去持续到现在的事情，用现在完成时，主语 experience(体验)是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填 has brought。
43 ．Not only did the activity provide me with a platform to broaden my horizons, but its rich contents also sparked/fueled my burning passion for English.
【详解】考查部分倒装、动词短语、连词和时态。“这次活动给我提供了一个拓展视野的平台”是分句，其中主语“这次活动”译为 the activity ，“给某人提供某物”用动词短语 provide sb. with sth.，讲述过去发生的事情，谓语动词 provide 用一般过去时态 provided，宾语“我”和“一个拓展视野的平台”分别用 me 和 a platform to broaden my horizons；“其丰富的内容点燃了我对英语的炽热激情”是分句，主语“其丰富的内容”译为 its rich contents，“ 点燃某人的激情”用动词短语 spark/fuel one’s passion for sth.，讲述过去发生的事情，谓语动词 spark 和 fuel 用一般过去时态 sparked 和 fueled ，宾语“英语”应用名词 English；两个分句用“不仅 而
且 ”连接，用复合连词 not only...but also... ，not only 置于句首，句子需要部分倒装，即将助动词 did 提前到主语前面，谓语动词 provide 改用原形。综上，全句译为：Not only did the activity provide me with a platform to broaden my horizons, but its rich contents also
sparked/fueled my burning passion for English.
44 ．The true essence/meaning of life lies not in struggling to survive/through the storm, but in learning to dance gracefully in the drizzle/rain.
【详解】考查名词、动词短语、连词和时态。“生活的真谛”作主语，译为 the true
答案第 8 页，共 9 页
essence/meaning of life；谓语“在于”用动词短语 lie in，句子描述一般性事实，用一般现在时态，主语是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 lies in；宾语“挣扎着度过暴风雨”和“学会在细雨中优雅起舞”分别译为 struggle to survive/through the storm 和 learn to dance gracefully in
the drizzle/rain，均使用动名词形式作介词 in 的宾语；“不(在于) 而(在于) ”用复合连
词 not...but...，连接两个并列的介词短语。综上，全句译为：The true essence/meaning of life lies
not in struggling to survive/through the storm, but in learning to dance gracefully in the drizzle/rain.
45 ．A sense of despair swallowed/seized/took hold of her.
【详解】考查无灵主语句、动词、动词短语和时态。“绝望”作无灵主语，用名词短语 a sense of despair ；谓语“吞没”用动词 swallow ，seize 或 take hold of，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时态；原主语“她” 改为宾语，用宾格人称代词 her 。综上，全句译为：A sense of despair swallowed/seized/took hold of her.
46 ．The teacher patted me on the shoulder, saying gently, “It’s normal for you to fail at the first attempt, and perseverance matters/counts.”
【详解】考查现在分词作伴随状语、固定搭配和名词的用法。句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时；“老师拍了拍我的肩膀”是主句，“老师”在句中作主语，应用 the teacher；“拍某人的肩膀”用固定搭配 pat sb. on the shoulder ；结合一般过去时应用 patted me on the shoulder； “温柔地说”在句中作伴随状语，应用现在分词短语 saying gently；“你第一次尝试时失败是很正常的”作 saying 的宾语，用固定句型 It’s normal for you to fail at the first attempt ，其中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语；“坚持不懈很重要”与前一宾语并列，用
perseverance matters/counts，perseverance 作主语，为不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故翻译为 The teacher patted me on the shoulder, saying gently, “It’s normal for you to fail at the first attempt, and perseverance matters/counts.”
47 ．I took a deep breath, dived into the water and saved the drowning girl.
【详解】考查固定短语、时态。表示“我”用 I ，作主语；表示“深吸一口气”用 take a deep
breath，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式 took；表示“跳入水中”用 dive into the water，表示“救了那个溺水的女孩”用 save the drowning girl，用过去式 dived和 saved，三个并列的连续谓语动词用并列连词 and 连接。故翻译为 I took a deep breath, dived
into the water and saved the drowning girl.
答案第 9 页，共 9 页
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