2017最新高三总复习（专题攻略）之词汇、短语与句型：高考英语词汇、短语与句型—20个常考句型

高考英语词汇、短语与句型—20个常考句型
句型1
would
rather
that
somebody
did…"宁愿……;更愿意……"(表示现在或将来的愿望)
would
rather
that
somebody
had
done…"宁愿……;更愿意……"(表示过去的愿望)
21世纪教育网例句]
I'd
rather
you
posted
the
letter
right
now.
我想让你现在去寄信。
I'd
rather
that
I
hadn't
seen
her
yesterday.
我情愿昨天没有看到她。
句型2　　
as
if/though+主语+did/
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )had
done…好像……(表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过去的情况用过去完成时)
21世纪教育网参考句型4]
21世纪教育网例句]
Our
head
teacher
trea
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts
us
as
if
we
were
her
own
children,
so
all
the
students
in
our
class
think
highly
of
her.
Alan
talked
about
Rome
as
if
he
had
been
there.
Alan谈起罗马来就好像他去过那里似的。
句型3　　
"wish
+宾语从句"，表示不大可能实现的愿望
表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时;
表示过去的愿望：主语+had
done;
表示将来的愿望：主语+would/could
do
21世纪教育网例句]
How
I
wish
we
students
had
more
free
time
to
relax
ourselves!
我们学生多么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己!
I
failed
in
the
maths
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
exam.
How
I
wish
I
hadn't
wasted
so
much
time
playing!
句型4　　
It's
high/abo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut
time
that
somebody
did
(should
do)
(should通常不省略)
…早就该……
21世纪教育网例句]
It's
time
that
you
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )went
to
school.=
It's
time
that
you
should
go
to
school.
It's
high
time
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at
we
did
something
to
improve
our
environment.
该是我们为环保做些事情了。
句型5　　
情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法
could
have
done
"本来可以……"(表示过去没有实现的可能)。
might
have
done
"本来可能……;本来应该或可以做某事"(实际没有发生;含有轻微的责备语气。
should/ought
to
have
done
"本来该做某事"(而实际未做)
should
not/ought
not
to
have
done
"本来不该做"(实际却做过了，含有责备语气)
needn't
have
done
"本来不必做"(但是已经做过了)
would
rather
have
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
done
"当时宁愿做了某事"(实际没有做过);否定式would
rather
not
have
done表达相反意思，两者都有表示"后悔"之意。　
句型6　　
as,
though,
although引导的让步状语从句。
21世纪教育网注意]although位于句首;th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ough位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though。它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。21世纪教育网参考倒装结构]
请注意下列句式的变化：
21世纪教育网例句]
1.
Although/T
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hough
I'm
young,
I
already
know
what
career
I
want
to
follow.
→Young
as/though
I
am,
I
already
know
what
career
I
want
to
follow.
我虽然年轻，但我已经明白我应该追随什么样的事业。
2.
Although/
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Though
I
respect
him
very
much,
I
cannot
agree
with
his
idea.
→Much
as/though
I
r
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )espect
him,
I
cannot
agree
with
his
idea.
虽然我很尊重他，但是我不同意他的观点。
3.
Although/Though
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he
is
a
child,
he
knows
a
lot
of
Chinese
characters.
→Child(省略冠词)as/th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ough
he
is,
he
knows
a
lot
of
Chinese
characters.
他虽然还是个孩子，却认识了许多汉字。
4.
Strange
as
it
may
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
seem,
nobody
was
injured
in
the
accident.
这次意外虽然显得不可思议，却没有人受伤。
句型7　　
…before…特殊用法(1)"没来得及……就……"
21世纪教育网例句]
The
roof
fell
befo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re
he
had
time
to
dash
into
the
room
to
save
his
baby.
他还没有来得及冲进房间救孩子，房顶就塌了。
He
ran
off
before
I
could
stop
him.
我还没有来得及阻止，他已经跑了。
句型8　　
…before…特殊用法(2)"过了多久才……"或"动作进行到什么程度才……"
21世纪教育网例句]
They
walked
about
fifty
miles
to
the
west
before
they
saw
a
village.
他们西行50英里才看到一个村庄。
The
workers
worked
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )day
and
night
about
three
days
before
everything
returned
to
normal.
工人们连续工作3天才使一切恢复正常。
句型9
It
was
+
时间段+before…."过了多久才(怎么样)……"
It
was
not
long
before…."不久，就……"
It
will
(not)
be
+时间段+before…."要过多久(不久)……才……"(before从句谓语动词要用一般时态)
21世纪教育网例句]
It
was
not
long
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
before
he
sensed
the
danger
of
the
position.不久他就意识到他处境的危险。
It
was
five
days
before
he
came
back.
五天后他才回来。
句型10
in
case
of…(+n.)
"以防;万一";
in
case
that…"以防，万一……"(谓语动词用一般现在时态或should+动词原形)
21世纪教育网例句]
In
case
of
fire,
what
should
we
do
Please
remind
me
about
it
in
case
I
forget/should
forget.
万一我忘了，请提醒我。
句型11　　
It强调句型
强调句的基本构成：It
is/was
+
被强调的部分
+
who(主要指人时)/that
+
其余部分
21世纪教育网注意1]
这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语(包括时间，地点，方式，原因等)，但是不能强调谓语动词(参考句型15)。
原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用It
is…that/who….;
原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用It
was…that/who….;
强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用when,
where或how,
必须用that。
21世纪教育网例句1]
I
saw
him
in
the
street
yesterday
afternoon.
→It
was
I
who
saw
him
in
the
street
yesterday
afternoon.(强调主语)
→It
was
in
the
street
that
I
saw
him
yesterday
afternoon.(强调地点状语)
→It
was
yesterday
afternoon
that
I
saw
him
in
the
street.(强调时间状语)
→It
was
him
that/who
I
saw
in
the
street
yesterday
afternoon.(强调宾语)
21世纪教育网例句2]
He
didn't
go
to
bed
until
his
mother
came
back.
→It
was
not
until
his
mother
came
back
that
he
went
to
bed.
21世纪教育网例句3]
Only
when
you
nearl
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
lose
someone
do
you
fully
realize
how
much
you
value
him.
→It
is
only
when
you
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nearly
lose
someone
that
you
fully
realize
how
much
you
value
him.
只有你快要失去某个人时，你才意识到你是多么尊重他。
21世纪教育网例句4]
I
was
late
aga
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in
because
the
traffic
was
very
heavy
during
the
rush
hour.
→It
was
because
the
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
traffic
was
very
heavy
during
the
rush
hour
that
I
was
late
again.
(强调句中只能强调由because引导的原因状语从句，because不能换成since,
as,
for,
now
that等)
21世纪教育网注意2]强调句的疑问结构
一般疑问句
Is
/
Was
it
+被强调部分
+who
/
that
…
特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+is
/was
+it
+who
/
that…
What
is/was
it
that…
Who
is/was
it
that…
When
is/was
it
that…
Where
is/was
it
that…
Why
is/was
it
that…
How
is/was
it
that…
21世纪教育网例句1]
I
saw
him
in
the
street
yesterday
afternoon.
→When
was
it
that
you
saw
him
in
the
street
→Who
was
it
that
you
saw
in
the
street
yesterday
afternoon
→Where
was
it
that
you
saw
him
yesterday
afternoon
21世纪教育网例句2]
I
don't
know
when
he
will
come
back.
→I
don't
know
when
it
is
that
he
will
come
back.(宾语从句疑问词后用陈述句语序)
-How
was
it
that
you
got
in
touch
with
Mr.
Smith
你是怎么和Smith先生联系上的
-Trough
a
friend
of
mine.
通过一个朋友。
句型12　
(1)祈使句(表条件)+
or/or
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )else/
otherwise
+
主句(表结果)…
"否则…，要不然…"
(2)祈使句(表条件)+
and
+主句(表结果)
21世纪教育网例句]
Hurry
up,
or
you'll
be
late
for
class.
Think
it
over
and
you
will
find
the
answer.
Give
him
an
inch
and
he
will
take
a
mile.
得寸进尺。
Work
hard
and
you
will
make
progress
every
day.
好好学习，天天向上。
句型13　　
…until…."直到……时候";not…until…"直到……才……"
21世纪教育网例句]
You
are
to
stay
until/till
your
mother
comes
back.
你得等到你妈妈回来。
The
meeting
was
put
off
until
ten
o'clock.
会议推迟到十点钟。
He
didn't
go
to
bed
until
his
mother
came
back.
→It
was
not
until
his
mother
came
back
that
he
went
to
bed.(强调句)
句型14　　
unless…"除非，如果不……"(=if…not)
21世纪教育网例句]
I
shall
go
tomorrow
unless
it
rains.
如果不下雨，我明天去。
-Shall
Tom
go
and
play
football
-Not
unless
he
has
finished
his
homework.
除非他完成作业，否则不能出去。
I
won't
go
unless
he
comes
to
invite
me
himself.
除非他本人来邀请我，不然我是不会去的。
句型15　　
when引导的从句
when除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时间状语从句、表语从句和定语从句，还有一种用法值得关注，那就是when引导并列分句，意思是"这时突然;就在那时"，强调另一个动作的突然发生。常用于以下句型中：
(1)主语
+
be
doing…
when…意思是"正在做某事这时……";
(2)主语
+
be
about
to
do
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )…when…;(3)、主语+be
on
the
point
of
(doing)
…when…意思是"正要去做某事这时……"
21世纪教育网例句]
I
thought
of
the
happy
days
when
I
was
in
Beijing.
我想起了在北京时的那段快乐日子。
I
believe
the
time
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
will
soon
come
when
there
will
be
no
weapons
in
the
world.
我相信世界上没有武器的日子不久就会到来。
I
was
about
to
leave
when
it
began
to
rain.
我刚要离开，这时下雨了。
21世纪教育网比较]
I
was
walking
along
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
the
street
when
I
caught
sight
of
a
tailor's
shop.
我正在街上走，这时我看见一家裁缝店。
I
was
walking
along
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
streets.
Just
at
the
moment
I
caught
sight
of
a
tailor's
shop.
我在街上走。就在那时我看见一家裁缝店。
句型16　　
while引导的从句
while除了有"当/在……时候"的意思外(注意：引导的句子谓语动词只能是延续性动词!)，另外的两层意思也是考查的重点：
(1)while
=
although
"尽管"、"虽然"，引导让步状语从句;
(2)while的意思是"然而;可是"，常用来表达对比关系。
21世纪教育网例句]
While
I
admit
tha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
the
problem
is
difficult,
I
don't
think
that
they
can't
be
solved.
尽管我承认这个问题很难，但是我并不认为无法解决。
While
I
admit
his
good
points,
I
can
see
his
shortcomings.
虽然我承认他的优点，我也能看出他的缺点。
句型17　　
where…(地点从句)
21世纪教育网注意]where引导地点从句
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时，可以引导定语从句或是逻辑地点状语从句。当它在定语从句中作地点状语，指代地点时，这时可以用in
which,
on
which,
at
which,
to
which,
from
which等结构代替。但是它引导逻辑地点状语从句时，没有这样用法。
21世纪教育网例句]
You
should
put
the
book
where
it
was.
把书放回原处。
Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.
有志者，事竟成。
Where
men
are
greedy,
there
is
never
peace.
人类贪欲不止，世界和平无望。
Go
where
you
should,
keep
on
studying.
无论你到哪里，你都应该继续学习。
That's
where
a
change
is
needed.
那就是需要变更的地方。
We
could
see
the
runners
very
well
from
where
we
stood.
从我们所站的地方能很清楚地看到赛跑的选手。
You
should
let
your
children
play
where
you
can
see
them.
你应该让小孩在你的视线所及的地方玩耍。
句型18　　
what引导的从句
what在英语中非常活跃,它可以用来引
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，但是不用来引导定语从句。在句子里可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，既可以指人，也可以指物。
21世纪教育网例句]
What
is
the
population
of
the
world
世界的人口有多少
What
did
you
pay
for
this
picture
这幅画你付了多少钱
Mary
is
no
longer
what
she
was
ten
years
ago.
Mary已经不是10年前的她了。
句型19
as引导的非限制性定语从句
在as引导的非限制性定语从句
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中，连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等，可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句子前面，在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有：as
we
all
know;
as
is
well
known
to…;
as
is
often
the
case;
as
is
said/mentioned
above;
as
has
been
said
before;
as
I
told
you
before;
as
is
evident;
as
often
happens;
as
can
be
seen;
as
is/was
expected;
as
we
expect;
as
I
can
remember等。
21世纪教育网注意1]as通常只指整个句子的内容，不表示部分内容。
21世纪教育网注意2]as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指"事先可以预料到的""料想到的"，表达"好"的方面。
21世纪教育网注意3]as引导限
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )制性定语从句时，常构成the
same…as…;
such…as…;
so/as
…as…等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整个句子。
21世纪教育网例句]
This
is
also
part
of
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )your
work,
as
I
told
you
before.
我曾告诉过你，这也是你工作的一部分。
The
man
was
a
teacher,
as
was
evident
from
his
way
of
speaking.
从那人说话的样子可明显看出，他是个老师。
Such
ideas
as
he
hits
on
are
worthless.
像他那样偶然想起的主意是无用的。
It's
the
same
story
as
I
heard
from
her
yesterday.
这故事跟我从她那儿听到的相同。
句型20
which引导的非限制性定语从句(也引导限制性定语从句)
which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句子内容，也可以指句子的部分内容(如单词或词组等)，在句子中可以作主语、宾语(动词或介词的)、定语等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表达的内容是"不好的"、"事先没有预料到的"等时，常用which，只指物。
21世纪教育网例句]
The
clock,
which
my
grandfather
bought,
is
still
in
good
order.
这时钟是我祖父买的，现在还走时很准。
The
picture,
for
which
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
he
paid
an
enormous
amount
of
money,
was
a
forgery.
那幅画他花了一大笔钱购买，却是幅赝品。
The
weather
tu
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rned
out
to
be
very
good,
which
was
more
than
we
could
expect.
天气结果转晴，这是我们没有预料到的。