2017最新高三总复习（专题攻略）之词汇、短语与句型：高考英语词汇、短语与句型—应考指南

高考英语词汇、短语与句型—应考指南命题原则：
突出语境，强化语意，强调运用。
单项选择题命题特点：
覆盖面广，重点突出；淡化语法结构，重视能力；突出在语境中运用知识的考查。
英语单项选择解题技巧：
（一）找准关键词语
1.It
is______
any
wo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nder
that
his
friend
doesn't
like
watching
television
much.(广东)
A.
no
B.
such
C.
nearly
D.
hardly
此题的关键词是any,
因为any常用于疑
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )问句、否定句或条件句中,而此句不是疑问句，也不是条件句,所以应该是否定句。no本身就相当于not
any，于是排除A。因此，正确答案D(hardly=almost
not)。
（二）分析句子结构
2.This
is
the
main
us
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
that
the
scientists
make______
natural
resources.
A.
in
B.
up
of
C.
from
D.
of
有些试题的考本来十分简单,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )但命题者却通过使用定语从句,或者将我们十分熟悉的固定词组有意拆开,重新组合,使我们在结构上产生错觉。that
the
scientists
make…是定语从句,关系代词that是代表先行词use的,将其置入定语从句中,就得到that
the
scientists
make
use..显然是考查make
use
of
这一词组。正确答案是D。
（三）适当转换句式
3.---Mr.
Wang
,whom
would
you
rather
______
the
important
meeting
---Tom.
A.
have
attend
B.
have
attended
C.
having
attend
D.
have
to
attend
有时将题干的句式转换成自己更熟悉的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句式，就很容易选出正确答案。如：将疑问句、强调句、感叹句或倒装句改为陈述句，将被动句改为主动句，将无序句调整为正常句。此题若将疑问句改为陈述句，就是I
have
Tom
attend
the
important
meeting。其中would
rather
后必须跟动词原形，have
sb
do
sth.所以选A。
（四）补全省略成分
4.
---What
do
you
think
made
Mary
so
upset

---
______her
new
bike.(上海)
A.
Lost
B.
As
she
lost
C.
Losing
D.
Because
of
losing
口语中会使用一些省略句，作题是若将被省略的成
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )分补充完整，答案就会一目了然。此题将答句补全，就是Losing
her
new
bike
made
Mary
so
upset。显然，只能选C，用动名词作主语。
（五）删除干扰部分
5.We
agree
to
accept______
they
thought
was
the
best
tourist
guide.
A.
whichever
B.
whoever
C.
whatever
D.
whomever
就是将起干扰作用的定语从句
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、介词短语或插入语，如I
think/
suppose/believe，do
you
think/
suppose/believe，
you
know，of
course等删除，从而更容易地选出正确答案。此题去掉插入语they
thought
，可知宾语从句缺主语，又能与the
best
tourist
guide
搭配的，只有答案B。
（六）利用对称结构
6.
---English
has
a
large
vocabulary,
hasn't
it
---Yes.
______
more
words
and
expressions
and
you
will
find
it
easier
to
read
and
communicate.(上海)
A.
Know
B.
Knowing
C.
To
know
D.
Known
就是在作题的过程中要善于利用and,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )but等并列连词。若前面是个句子，后面也是个句子，反之亦然；若连接的是几个动词，这几个动词也必定是同一时态或同一形式。此题第二个and后面是个句子，所以前面也必定是一个句子，但是前面这个句子没有主语，只能选用动词原形，构成一个祈使句，因此答案是A。
又如：On
Saturday
afte
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rnoon,
Mrs.
Green
went
to
the
market,
______some
bananas
and
visited
her
cousin.
A.
bought
B.
buying
C.
to
buy
D.
buy
（七）注意标点符号
7.
There
are
eigh
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
tips
in
Dr.
Roger’s
lecture
on
sleep,
and
one
of
them
is:______
to
bed
early
unless
you
think
it
is
necessary.(重庆)
A.
doesn’t
go
B.
not
to
go
C.
not
going
D.
don’t
go
标点有时对我们作题有提示的作用。此题很容
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )易选B,认为是不定式做表语。其实冒号已经表明后面是Dr.Roger讲的原话，这原话应当是个句子，只有选D才构成一个否定的祈使句。
（八）熟记固定搭配
8.
Mr.
Smith
used
to
smoke
______
but
he
has
given
it
up.(天津)
A.
seriously
B.
heavily
C.
badly
D.
hardly
在平时的学习中注意积累一些常见的固定
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句式、动词与副词的搭配、名词和形容词的搭配等。因为指烟瘾或酒瘾很重，要用heavy或heavily
，因此答案是B。此外，雨雪下得“大”、烟雾“浓”、交通“拥挤”、波涛“汹涌”等，也用heavy。
（九）消除思维定势
9.Everyone
here
wil
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l
thank
the
firefighter
for
the
things
they
have
done
to
prevent
fires______
the
environment
safer.
A.
make
B.
to
making
C.
to
make
D.
from
making
有些试题的题干，看上去好象就是固定搭配
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，我们高兴地完成以后，结果却做错了。要从句子结构上或者句子意思上分析，以免步入命题者设计的陷阱。此题容易误选D，以为是考查prevent
sb.
/sth.
from
doing
这一固定搭配的。其实，“使环境更安全”是“他们为防火所做的工作”的目的，所以用动词不定式，选C。
（十）检查有无谓语
10.He
wrote
five
novels,
two
of
______translated
into
English.
A.
it
B.
them
C.
which
D.
that
有时看似有两个句子，于是就选连词，正好掉进
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )命题人设计的陷阱。事实上，有时貌似句子的“句子”却没有谓语，其中的动词只是一个非谓语动词（多为分词）。此题很容易误选C，以为后面是非限制性定语从句。事实上，
translated是过去分词，而不是谓语动词，后面不是句子，无须连词，所以答案是B。若在translated前加上were，were
translated就是谓语，这时就选连词which。
（十一）查看有无连词
11.
If
an
exce
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llent
Chinese
novel
is
translated
into
English,
______means
many
more
people
in
the
world
can
enjoy
it.
A.
as
B.
which
C.
what
D.
that
若经查实，前后的确是两个句子，就要看其
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中一个分句是否已经用了连词。若已经用了连词，一般不选连词，若没有用连词，就一定要选连词。此题已有连词If，选D，若没有If，就选B，
which引导一个非限制性定语从句。
（十二）识别相似句型
12.
______is
known
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to
everybody,
light
travels
much
faster
than
sound.
A.
It
B.
As
C.
That
D.
What
13.
______is
known
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o
everybody
that
light
travels
much
faster
than
sound.
A.
It
B.
As
C.
That
D.
What
14.
_____
is
known
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )everybody
is
that
light
travels
much
faster
than
sound.
A.
It
B.
As
C.
That
D.
What
有的句型十分相似，若不仔细分辨，很容
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )易出错。12题选B，as引导一个非限定性定语从句，先行词是后面整个句子。13题选A，it是形式主语，
that引导主语从句；若又在that前加个is，则应选D，
what引导的是主语从句，
that引导的是表语从句。
（十三）正确把握语境
15.
I
agree
with
m
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ost
of
what
you
said,
but
I
don’t
agree
with
______.
A.
everything
B.
anything
C.
something
D.
nothing
有时孤立地看留空格的那个句子，好象
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )多个答案都可以，但与上下句的意思联系起来，就会发现问题。因此，做题时一定要把握语境。此题答案选A。B答案的意思是I
don’t
agree
with
anything
等于I
agree
with
nothing.这就与前一分句的意思发生矛盾了。