高考英语中情态动词的必考考点归纳与详解
1.情态动词的基本用法
(1)can、be
able
to
和could
①can和be
able
to都表示能力
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时,而be
able
to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时,通常不用could而用was/were
able
to来表示。这时was/were
able
to
相当于managed
to,表示经过一番努力,终于能够完成某事。如:
Can
you
use
chopsticks
The
wounded
man
still
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
was
able
to
get
to
the
village
and
was
saved
in
the
end.
②can和could
can和could都可以表示能力、技能、许
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,一般用could,回答时则用can。如:
Could
you
help
me
carry
the
bag
Can
I
help
you
(2)may/might
①may/might表示可能,但may比might可能性大。
Eg.---Why
isn
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’t
he
in
class
---- He
may
be
sick.(生病的可能性较大)
---- He
might
be
sick.(生病的可能性较小)
②may/might表示“允许”,ma
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y用于现在时或将来时,might常用在间接引语中表过去时,但might也可用于现在时间,表示比较委婉的语气,回答用may。如:
He
says
we
may
leave.
He
said
we
might
leave.
③may
/
might
表示建议或请求,但might比may
更客气,意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。
—May
/
Might
I
use
your
bike
—Yes,
you
can
/
may.
----No,
you
mustn’t
(3)must
①must表示必须,应该,没有时态变化。如:
You
must
do
everything
as
I
do.
②must表示肯定的推测。如:
The
light
is
still
on,
so
he
must
be
at
home.
③mustn’t
表示禁止做某事。如:
You
mustn’t
smoke
in
the
office.
(4)have
to
have
to
表示“必须、不得不
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”,是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须”,“不得不”做某事,也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。have
to的否定形式表示不必。have
to可用于多种时态中。如:
You
will
have
to
clean
your
own
boots
when
you
join
the
army.
I
have
to
be
at
my
office
every
evening.
(5)should
/
ought
to
①should和ought
to表示应当、应该,前者比后者语气轻。如:
You
should
/
ought
to
work
hard.
②should
/
ought
to的否定形式表示禁止之意。如:
Children
shouldn’t
smoke.
③should可表示陈述意见,推出建议或请求;而ought
to可以表示劝告之意。如:
You
ought
to
respect
your
parents.
He
suggested
that
they
should
leave
at
once.
④should
可以用来表示说话者“吃惊”的语气,常翻译成“竟然”。
You
can’t
imagine
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
such
a
well-dressed
man
should
be
so
rude
to
a
lady.
(6)will
/
would
①will
用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等,否定式won’t
+
动词。如:
I
will
tell
you
all
about
it.
Tom
won’t
do
such
a
thing.
②will用于疑问句中,常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如:
Will
you
please
tell
her
the
news
when
you
see
her
③will
表示习惯性的动作,有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。如:
Fish
will
die
out
of
water.
④would
表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。如:
Would
you
please
be
quiet
Would
you
like
coffee
⑤would
表示过去反复发生的动作。如:
When
I
passed
my
schoo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l
I
would
see
my
teachers
who
taught
me
5
years
ago.
(7)need
need
作“必要”讲,既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to,其变化与一般动词相同。如:
I
need
to
think
it
over.
---Need
you
go
now
---Yes,
I
must./No,
I
needn’t
(8)dare
dare表示“敢”的意思。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作为情态动词时,主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词,后面可带to的不定式,此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。如:
How
dare
you
say
that
She
doesn’t
date(to)ask
her
father.
(9)used
to
used
to表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯,但现在已不复存在了。如:
He
used
to
smoke.
(10)shall
①shall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令”、“警告、威胁、强制”和“允许”等意思。如:
We
shall
do
as
our
teacher
says.
You
shall
have
the
book
as
soon
as
I
finish
it.
②在疑问句中,shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示,常用于第一、第三人称。如:
Where
shall
he
wait
for
us
Shall
we
go
out
for
a
walk
2.
情态动词表示推测或判断的用法
下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合:
情态动词 对现在和未来的推测对过去的推测使用场合
must
+
动词原形
must+
have
done 肯定句
may
/
might
+
动词原形
May
/
might+
have
done 肯定句、否定句
can
/could
+do
Can
/
could+have
done 否定句、疑问名(could可用于肯定句)
should 用来表示一
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should
do/be should
have
done 肯定句、否定句、疑问句, 例如:
It
must
have
rained
last
night.
She
may
not
be
at
home.
=
It
is
possible
that
she
is
not
at
home.
She
can’t
be
at
home.
=
It
is
impossible
that
she
is
at
home.
3.
情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法
情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感彩,用法如下:
(1)should
have
done
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”,而shouldn’t
have
done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如:
You
should
have
told
me
about
it
earlier.
You
shouldn’t
have
said
such
words
to
your
parents.
(2)ought
to
have
done也表示“本应该……”而ought
not
to
have
done则意为“本不应该……”。如:
You
ought
to
have
told
me
about
it
earlier.
You
ought
not
to
have
said
such
words
to
your
parents.
(3)needn’t
have
done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。如:
You
needn’t
have
walked
so
quickly
since
time
was
enough.
(4)could
have
done表示“本来有可能……而事实上未做到”。如:
I
could
have
come
on
time,
but
my
car
broke
on
the
way.