课件27张PPT。第24讲 介词中考对介词的考查主要是介词的基本用法和介词的辨析。
学习重点应放在以下三点:
1.表时间、地点、方式等介词的用法;
2.介词短语及介词与其他词的搭配使用;
3.同义或近义介词辨析。①at,in与on
表示时间点用at。如:at six o'clock,at noon,at midnight。表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上时,用in。如:in May,in winter,in the morning,in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时,用on。如:on Monday,on July 1st,on Sunday morning等。
②since与after
由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段为过去,因而要与一般过去时连用。如:
They have lived here since 1978.自从1978年,他们就住在这儿。
After five days the boy came back.五天后这个男孩回来了。高频考向一 表时间的介词③in与after
in与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语。对此提问用How soon。after与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。如:
He will be back in two months.他将在两个月后回来。
He returned after a month.他一个月后回来了。
④for与since
for可以指过去、现在或将来,着重说明“多久”,后面接时间段。since意为“自从……起”,多与完成时连用,后面接时间点或从句。since引导的从句通常为一般过去时。且两者作介词所描述的动作都是持续性动作,since引导从句时,主句的动作是持续性的。如:
He has lived here for 2 weeks.他在这儿住了两个星期了。
He has lived here since 2 weeks ago.他两周前就住这儿了。
It's five years since he left school.他毕业五年了。高频考向一 表时间的介词【例1】—Look!There are so many people in the park.
—Nobody likes to stay at home ______ Sunday morning.(2015,河池)
A.in B.on C.at D.to
解析:在具体的某一天早上应用介词on。
答案:____
【例2】 The local community centre is open ________Monday to Saturday.( 2016,上海)
A.in B.from C.for D.on
解析:本题考查了时间介词的使用,结合句意以及关键词open,Monday,Saturday,可知是“从周一到周六开放”,from…to…表示“从……到……”的一段时间。也可以接地点,表示从某处到另一处。
答案:____高频考向一 表时间的介词BB【例3】________ the exam,we'll say good-bye to our dear teachers,classmates as well as our beautiful school.
A.In B.For
C.After D.Through
解析:由后半句“我们将和亲爱的老师、同学以及美丽的校园说再见”可推断应是考试后。
答案:____
【例4】For many western people,they drink cold water even ________ winter.(2016,临沂)
A.on B.for C.at D.in
解析:季节前面应用介词in。
答案:____高频考向一 表时间的介词CD①at,in与on
at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。如:
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.昨天他到达了上海。
They arrived at a small village before dark.天黑前,他们到达了一个小村子。
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.这个老师在墙上贴了一张画。高频考向二 表示地点和位置的介词②over,above与on
over,on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。on指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一个的上面。如:
There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。
We flew above the clouds.我们在云层上飞行。
They put some flowers on the teacher's desk.他们放了一些花在老师桌子上。高频考向二 表示地点和位置的介词③in,on与to
从下图可以看出in表示“在某一范围之内,在……中”;on表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤,即“毗邻;接壤”;to则表示两个个体之间有一段距离。如:
Japan lies to the east of China in the east of Asia.It faces the Pacific on the east.日本在亚洲东部(范围内),中国东面(不接壤),东临太平洋(接壤)。高频考向二 表示地点和位置的介词④in front of与in the front of
in front of表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;in the front of表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内。如:
There are some tall trees in front of the building.这栋大楼前有一些高树。
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.老师坐在教室前面。
⑤across与through
across表示从物体表面通过,与on有关。
through表示通过一个空间,与in有关。如:
The boy ran across the street.这个男孩跑过街道。
They walked through the forest.他们穿过了森林。高频考向二 表示地点和位置的介词⑥below与under
below “在……下”,不一定在正下方。
under “在……正下方”。如:
There is a dog under the desk.书桌下有一只小狗。
Write your name below the line.在横线下方写下你的名字。
⑦between与among
between指两者之间。
among指三者或三者以上的人或事物之间。如:
There is a map between the door and the window.门和窗户之间有一张地图。
He is sitting among the students.他坐在学生当中。高频考向二 表示地点和位置的介词【例5】 Many young people put mobile games ________ anything else,thinking little of their normal lives.(2016,广东)
A.before B.behind
C.along with D.in front of
解析:before意为“在……前面”,可表示时间、位置、次序在前;behind意为“在……后面”;along with意为“连同,和……一起”;in front of意为“在……前面”,只表示位置在前。根据后句“很少考虑他们的正常生活”可知前句应意为“很多年轻人把手机游戏放在其他任何事情之前”,此处表示次序在前面。
答案:____高频考向二 表示地点和位置的介词A【例6】 Paul's mother is a nurse.She works ________a hospital.(2016,北京)
A.with B.on C.of D.in
解析:考查地点介词。题干a hospital确定为具体地点。选项 A 译为“和”;选项 B 译为“在……上面”;选项 C 译为“……的……”;选项 D 译为“在……里”。
答案:____
【例7】 The man ________ Mary and Gina is my new English teacher.(2015,湖州)
A.in B.between C.among D.through
解析:本题句意为在玛丽和吉娜之间的那个人是我的新英语老师,故“两者之间”用between。
答案:____高频考向二 表示地点和位置的介词DBby表示“以……方式、方法或手段”;with表示“用……工具”;in表示“用……方式、语言、语调或颜色”等;on则一般指用网络,电脑,电视,电话等。如:
He studies English by reading aloud every day.他通过每天大声朗读学英语。
How amazing!The boy can write with his two hands at the same time.真神奇!这个男孩能同时用左右手写字。
Can you spell it in English?你会用英语把它拼出来吗?高频考向三 表示方式的介词by,with,in,on 【例8】 ________ all his pocket money,Dan bought a present for his mother on Mother's Day.
A.With B.For C.By D.In
解析:句意为“丹用他所有的零花钱在母亲节的时候给他的母亲买了一件礼物”,只有with可以表达“用……工具”。
答案:____
【例9】 When I got into the room,Sue was talking ________ the phone.
A.with B.on C.to D.in
解析:用电话在交谈,介词应用on。
答案:____高频考向三 表示方式的介词by,with,in,on AB介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。熟记并掌握这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词。
1.动词+介词
arrive in/at到达
ask for请求
do well in在……方面做得好
give up放弃
prefer...to...宁愿选择……,更喜欢……
regard...as...把……看做……
thanks to幸亏,由于
think about考虑
laugh at嘲笑高频考向四 介词的固定搭配learn from向……学习
leave for出发去某地
divide...into把……分开
believe in信任,信赖
depend on依靠
separate from分离,隔开
call in召来,叫来
show up赶到,露面
stick to坚持,固守
worry about为……担心
think of考虑,关心高频考向四 介词的固定搭配2.介词+名词
in time 及时
on time 准时
in front of 在……前面
at home 在家
at night 在晚上
with a smile 带着微笑
without breakfast没吃早餐
at first 首先
in person亲身,亲自
in that case既然那样高频考向四 介词的固定搭配in a row连续几次地
by the end of在(某时间)以前
in line with(与……)成一排
on one's way to 在某人去……的路上
at once 立刻,马上
at the same time 同时
by hand 用手,手工,亲手
in trouble 处于困境
in fact 事实上
on the left/right 在左/右边
to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是高频考向四 介词的固定搭配3.be+形容词/过去分词、动词等与介词搭配
be born with...天生具有
be good at...擅长……
be made of...由……制成
be angry with sb.跟某人生气
be angry at sth.为某事生气
be pleased with sb.对某人感到满意
be surprised at对……感到惊奇(诧异)
be used to...习惯于……
be interested in对……感兴趣
be proud of...以……自豪(骄傲)
be full of...充满……
be filled with充满……高频考向四 介词的固定搭配take (catch) hold of抓住
be sure of...确信……
take part in参加
be in control of掌管;管理
be harmful to对……有害
be known for以……闻名
be responsible for对……有责任,负责任
break into(in) 闯入
take care of照顾,关心,保管
be busy with...忙于……
be strict with sb.对某人严格要求高频考向四 介词的固定搭配catch up with跟上,赶上
have nothing to do with...与……无关
get out of离开;从……出来
look forward to盼望,期待
get in the way of妨碍,挡……的路高频考向四 介词的固定搭配【例10】 Ladies and gentlemen,welcome ________ China-South Asia EXPO.(2015,昆明)
A.on B.in C.at D.to
解析:“welcome to+地点名词等”为固定搭配,意为“欢迎到……”。
答案:____
【例11】 Before you go to Canada,you need to learn more ________ it.(2015,陕西)
A.from B.in C.by D.about
解析:句意“在你去加拿大前,你需要了解更多关于加拿大的情况”。
答案:____高频考向四 介词的固定搭配DD【例12】 I want to know what happened ________ my friend.I haven’t heard ________ her recently.(2016,乌鲁木齐)
A.on;of B.to;from
C.to;of D.on;from
解析:“sth.+happened+to sb.”这一结构表示“某人发生了某事”;hear of意为“听说;知道”;hear from意为“收到……的来信”。句意为:我想知道我的朋友发生了什么事,我近来没有收到她的来信。
答案:____高频考向四 介词的固定搭配B【例13】When James arrived at the railway station,he tried to look ________a place to park his car.(2016,上海)
A.after B.at C.up D.for
解析:考查介词短语。此处考查动词短语look for,结合句意,When James arrived at the railway station(当James到达火车站的时候),以及关键词 park his car“停车”,可知是找地方停车,可以推知为look for,for表示目的。
答案:____高频考向四 介词的固定搭配D考点跟踪突破24 介词
1.Some people are used to getting up late __A__ a cold morning.(2016,丹东)
A.on B.in C.at D.of
2.—The summer vacation is coming.I'm looking forward __B__ it.
—Me too.(2016,郴州)
A.at B.to C.on
3.We usually have the first class __D__ 8:00 in the morning.(2015,北京)
A.of B.in C.on D.at
4.You must be careful when you swim __B__ the lake.(2015,潍坊)
A.below B.across C.over D.through
5.Wild animals are our friends.We shouldn't kill them __D__ food or clothing.(2015,河南)
A.in B.with C.about D.for
6.I like reading,so I always spend my pocket money __A__ books.(2015,海南)
A.on B.in C.at
7.Healthy eating __D__ regular exercise is the best way to keep fit.
A.less than B.instead of
C.such as D.together with
8.Uncle Tom lives __C__ a farm ________ the country.
A.in;at B.near;on C.on;in
9.It's a good idea to send the old books __C__ the children who need them.(2016,陕西)
A.at B.of C.to D.by
10.—Daniel is a boy of few words.
—But __B__,he is warm-hearted.
A.in a hurry B.in fact
C.in the end D.above all
11.Thanks __B__ your help,or we couldn't finish the work ________ such a rainy day.
A.for;in B.to;on C.to;in D.for;on
12.Once you put your school things __B__,you'll find them easily.
A.in danger B.in order C.in detail
13.Last Sunday,a group of pupils talked happily __C__a loud voice as they went to the countryside ________bike.(2016,恩施)
A.by;by B.in;on C.in;by
14.—Do you know Mo Yan?
—Of course,he won the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature __B__ the age of 57.
A.in B.at C.on D.to
15.—A person's life is like a road __B__ lots of difficulties.
—Yes,so we need positive energy.
A.by B.with C.along D.during
16.The teachers hope all of us can hand __D__ our homework ________ time every day.
A.up;in B.out;on C.on;in D.in;on
17.On my visit to Australia,I feel Australians are similar __C__ us in many ways.
A.with B.in C.to D.at
18.—Maybe you should call him up.
—But I don't want to talk with him __A__ the phone.
A.on B.at C.in D.with
19.You can improve your English __A__ practicing more.
A.by B.with C.of D.in
20.Before you go to Canada,you need to learn more __D__ it.(2015,陕西)
A.from B.in C.by D.about
21.It's so cold outside.Remember to close the door __D__ you when you leave.(2016,河南)
A.beside B.before C.with D.behind
22.Taiwan lies __B__ the east of Fujian,________ the southeast of China.(2016,龙东)
A.on;in B.to;in C.on;to
23.Although he was __A__ my opinion,the old professor didn't come up with his own.(2016,无锡)
A.against B.on C.for D.in
24.Stephen Hawking got more than 380,000 followers in two hours __C__ the first message on Weibo.(2016,东营)
A.before B.since C.after D.until
25.Pandas are much-loved around the world.Unluckily,there aren't many pandas left and they're __B__ now.So we must save them.(2016,山西)
A.in order B.in danger C.in need