课件37张PPT。第29讲 动词和动词短语动词与动词短语是中考考查的重点之一。在语境中考查考生对基础知识的掌握程度越来越受到重视。考查的范围有：行为动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词或动词及动词短语的辨析。
大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。1．第三人称单数形式的构成
①一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加-s或-es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。②不规则变化的有have—has等。2．现在分词的构成3.过去式和过去分词的构成
①规则变化高频考向一 实义动词词义辨析实义动词：本身有词义，能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1．及物动词
及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三种句型中：
①动词＋宾语
如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)
②动词＋宾语＋宾补
③动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语高频考向一 实义动词词义辨析2．不及物动词
①不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。
如：He always studies hard.他一直努力学习。(study后无宾语，为不及物动词)
②若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。
③有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。
如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)
She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)高频考向一 实义动词词义辨析【例1】 —How's Bob now?
—I hear the company ________ him a very good job，but he turned it down.(2016，武汉)
A．donated B．served
C．offered D．introduced
解析：donate“捐赠”；serve“服务”；offer“提供”；introduce“介绍”。由语境可知句意为“我听说这个公司给他提供了一个很好的工作，但是他拒绝了”。
答案：____C高频考向一 实义动词词义辨析【例2】 It was such a long way that they didn't ________ the hotel until it became dark.(2015，哈尔滨)
A．reach B．arrive C．get
解析：reach为及物动词；arrive为不及物动词，后接介词at或in构成及物动词短语；get后接介词to，构成及物动词短语。由空格后的the hotel可知，此处应用及物动词。
答案：____A高频考向一 实义动词词义辨析【例3】 The 17-year-old high school student is trying to ________ a robot which can think like a human.(2016，济南)
A．discover B．organize
C．invent D．achieve
解析：discover意为“发现”；organize意为“组织”；invent意为“发明”；achieve意为“实现”。由句意“这个17岁的高中生正在努力________一个能像人一样思考的机器人”可知。
答案：____C高频考向二 系动词和助动词的用法1．系动词
本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep，stay，remain，stand等；表象系动词有look，seem，appear等；表示人的感觉的系动词有feel，smell，sound，taste等；表变化的系动词有become，get，grow，turn等。
2．助动词
本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有be，have，has，had，do，does，did，will和shall等。高频考向二 系动词和助动词的用法【例4】This kind of peach looks really nice，but it ________ very sour.
A．tastes B．looks C．feels D．sounds
解析：由语境可知“这种桃子看起来很好，但是尝起来很酸。”taste“尝起来”；look“看起来”；feel“感觉”；sound“听起来”。
答案：____
【例5】 —3D printing could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours.
—It ________ amazing.It's my first time to get to know this.(2016，泉州)
A．sounds B．smells C．tastes
解析：——3D打印可以用于在不到24小时内修一座房屋。——听起来令人不可思议。这是我第一次知道这样的事。A.sounds听起来；B.smells闻起来；C.tastes品尝，尝起来。第一次听说这样的事，听起来：sound。
答案：____AA高频考向二 系动词和助动词的用法【例6】—Do you like watching TV?
—No，but my brother________.
A．does B．do C．is D．likes
解析：通常我们用助动词替代上文提到的动词，以免重复。my brother为第三人称单数，故“does”符合题意。
答案：____A高频考向三 情态动词的用法情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
1．can(could)
①表能力，could为can的过去时。can与be able to的意义基本相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to能用于各种时态。
②表可能性。
③表许可。口语中可代替may。
④can't表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。
could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。高频考向三 情态动词的用法2．may(might)
①用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”。口语性较强。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
②表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许”。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。高频考向三 情态动词的用法3．must
①表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该”。无时态变化。其否定答语常用needn't或don't have to，意为“不必”。注：have to意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。
must的否定形式为mustn't，意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。
②表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定得多。高频考向三 情态动词的用法4．would
作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。
5．should
①表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。
②表推测，意为“想必一定；照说应该；估计”等。高频考向三 情态动词的用法【例7】 —May I go out to play now，mum?
—No，you ________．You must make your bed first.(2016，德阳)
A．needn't B．won't C．can't D．couldn't
解析：句意为“妈妈，我现在可以出去玩吗？”“不，你________。你必须先把床铺好。”根据句意可知这里表示不允许，用can't，may not或mustn't来回答即可。
答案：____
【例8】Jenny finally got the job because she ________ speak English well.(2015，佛山)
A．might B．must C．could
解析：might为may的过去式，意为“可能；可以”；must“必须；一定”；could为can的过去式，意为“能够”。由前半句意思“珍妮最终得到了那份工作”可知，后半句意为“因为她英语能说得好”。
答案：____CC高频考向三 情态动词的用法【例9】—What's wrong with Judy？She has been absent for two days.(2016，泉州)
—Oh，she ________ be ill.Let's go to ask Mr.Green.
A．may B．need C．would
解析：句意：——茱迪怎么啦？她缺席了两天了。——哦，她可能生病了。我们去问格林先生吧。A.may可能，可以；B.need需要，必须；C.would愿，要。缺席两天，可能是生病了。
答案：____A高频考向三 情态动词的用法【例10】 —Must I go to law school and be a lawyer like you，Dad?
—No，you ________，son.You're free to make your own decision.(2016，滨州)
A．can't B．mustn't
C．shouldn't D．needn't
解析：根据No和You're free to make your own decision.可知下面为否定回答，must的含义是“必须；一定”，其否定形式mustn't表示禁止的含义，在这里不是禁止的意思，must的否定回答一般可借助于needn't和don't have to来构成。
答案：____D高频考向三 情态动词的用法【例11】—Do you think that Kobe will be elected as the MVP this year？(2016，咸宁)
—It________him.He has retired(退役) since April 13.
A．can't be B．mustn't be
C．must be D．can be
解析：句意：——你认为科比会被选为今年最有价值球员吗？——他不可能。自从4月13日，他已经退役了。can't不可能，表示有把握的推测；mustn't禁止；must一定，表示很有把握的推测；can能够，表示能力。根据He has retired(退役) since April 13，可知此处有依据证明科比不可能被选为最有价值球员。
答案：____A高频考向四 动词短语动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定短语。其意义与原来动词的意思不同。
1．动词短语的分类：
①动词＋介词
arrive in(at)，ask for，begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for
②及物动词＋副词
find out，give up，look up (查找)，put on，pick up，ring up，take off (脱下)，take away，turn on，turn off，think over，cut off
③不及物动词＋副词
get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off(起飞)高频考向四 动词短语④动词＋副词＋介词
get on (along) with，catch up with，come up with，go on with，look forward to
⑤动词＋名词＋介词
take part in，make friends with，take care of
⑥be＋形容词＋介词
be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried about高频考向四 动词短语2．初中阶段常用短语如下：
①look短语
look for寻找；look after照顾；look over查看；look forward to渴望，向往；look at看着；look up抬头看，查找……；look into 调查；look out当心；look like看起来像；look the same看起来一样；look through浏览
②put短语
put off推迟；put on 穿上，上演，增加(体重)；put away 把……暂时收起来；put out扑灭；put off推迟；put back放回；put up 举起，建造，张贴；put sth.to good use好好利用某物高频考向四 动词短语③turn短语
turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn up把音量开大一点；turn down把音量开小一点；turn to朝向；turn into变成；turn over翻开，翻转；turn...into...把……变成……
④get短语
get on/along(well)with与某人相处(融洽)；get up起床；get on上车(船、飞机、马等)；get off下车(船、飞机、马等)；get away离开，逃脱；get in they way of挡……的路，妨碍；get into陷入，参与；get out(of)(从……)出来；get to到达；get together聚会；get married结婚；get used to习惯于；get mad大动肝火，气愤高频考向四 动词短语⑤take短语
take off(飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣服)；take in吸入，吞入(体内)；take away拿走；take down拆除，往下拽，记录；take after(外貌或行为)像；take breaks休息；take care of照顾；take risks冒险；take up占据(时间、空间等)，开始从事，拿起；take action采取行动；take place发生；take part in参加；take pride in为……感到自豪
⑥go短语
go over温习，复习goswimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营；go into走进；go out出去，熄灭；go away走开；go back回去，回顾；go up上升，攀登；go by时间流逝，从旁经过；go down下降，下沉；go for为……而去；go on继续；go through经历；go to school/work去上学/班；go home回家；go to the doctor去看医生高频考向四 动词短语⑦come短语
come along一道来；come in进来；come into进入；come out出来，出版；come from来自；come back回来；come across偶然遇到；come over过来；come home回家；come on快，得啦，跟着来，加油；come up with想出(主意、计划等)
⑧give短语
give up放弃；give off放出、发出(气体、气味、光、热等)；give out分发，散发；give away赠送，捐赠；give in屈服，让步，投降；give...a lift捎……一程高频考向四 动词短语⑨make短语
make a decision作出决定；make sb.do sth.让某人做某事；make a mistake犯错误；make progress取得进步；make friends with与……交朋友；make up编造，组成；make a face做鬼脸；make an effort作出努力；make sure确保；make a difference影响，有作用；make one's way前往，费力地前进高频考向四 动词短语⑩be短语
be friendly/kind to对……友好；be different from与……不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受……欢迎；be interested in对……感兴趣；be strict with对某人严格；be strict in对某事严格；be famous/known as作为……出名；be famous/known for因……著名；be surprised at对……惊讶；be pleased with对……满意；be proud of对……感到自豪；be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；be thankful/grateful to对某人感激；be good for对……有好处；be good at擅长于……；be made up of由……构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with装满……；be late for迟到；be covered with覆盖着；be used to习惯于……；be in control of掌管，管理；be able to能够做某事；be ready to愿意迅速做某事；be similar to与……相像；be sure about确信，对……有把握；be up to是……的职责，由……决定；be thirsty for渴望；be hard on sb.对某人苛刻高频考向四 动词短语?call短语
call at拜访(后接地点)；call on拜访(后接被拜访的对象)，号召；call back回电话；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for要求，提倡，邀请；call in召来；叫来高频考向四 动词短语【例12】—To save energy，we should________the electricity when we don't use it.
—I agree，you are really a greener person.(2016，咸宁)
A．shut up B．shut off
C．take away D．take off
解析：句意：——为了节约能源，我们应该不用电的时候关掉电源。——我同意，你真是一个绿色环保的人。shut up闭嘴；shut off关掉；take away拿走；take off脱下。根据when we don't use it可知不用电的时候，应关掉电源。
答案：____B高频考向四 动词短语【例13】We teenagers should ________ the old and offer our seats to them on buses.(2016，泉州)
A．laugh at B．depend on C．care for
解析：句意：我们青少年应该关心老年人并且在公交上主动给他们让座位。A.laugh at嘲笑；B.depend on依赖，依靠；C.care for关心。由后句“在公交车上主动给老人让座”可知是关心老人。
答案：____C高频考向四 动词短语【例14】The exam is over and the results will be ________ on Friday afternoon.(2015，泰安)
A．put down B．put off
C．put up D．put away
解析：put down“记下；放下”；put off“推迟”；put up“张贴，举起”；put away“放好，把……收拾起来”。结合语境可知句意为“考试结束了，成绩将在周五下午被张贴”。
答案：____C高频考向四 动词短语【例15】Almost every university now has a website which allows us to ________ the information about it.(2016，河南)
A．look at B．look after
C．look around D．look through
解析：look at意为“看；注视”；look after意为“照看；照顾”；look around意为“环顾”；look through意为“浏览”。根据此空后的宾语the information可知，只有look through可与之搭配。
答案：____D高频考向四 动词短语【例16】—You aren’t supposed to smoke in public.It’s bad for our health.
—Sorry.I will ________ my cigarette right now.(2016，黄冈)
A．give up B．put down
C．put out D．give away
解析：give up意为“放弃”；put down意为“放下；记下”；put out意为“扑灭，熄灭”；give away意为“赠送”。根据第一个人说的“你不应该在公共场所吸烟，它对我们的健康不利”可推知，第二个人应表示抱歉并要把烟“熄灭”。
答案：____C考点跟踪突破29 动词和动词短语
1．As the story __A__，the secret of the castle is discovered little by little.(2016，无锡)
A．ends B．begins
C．develops D．happens
2．Don't __C__ any more time，or he will miss the meeting.(2016，天津)
A．save B．trust C．waste D．love
3．—Let's do something for our dad.(2016，宜昌)
—Good idea.We should always __D__ father's love for us.
A．explain B．suppose C．wonder D．value
4．The movie is so interesting that I don't __B__ seeing it again tomorrow.(2016，青岛)
A．enjoy B．mind C．keep D．finish
5．—How long can I keep this dictionary?
—Two weeks.You must __C__ it on time.(2016，海南)
A．collect B．call C．return
6．Doing eye exercises __A__ one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.(2016，哈尔滨)
A．is B．are C．were
7．—Good morning.I'd like a birthday gift for my mother.
—What about this scarf？It is beautiful and it __A__ soft and smooth.(2016，东营)
A．feels B．looks C．seems D．becomes
8．—Do you like swimming in winter?
—Of course.The water __A__ a bit cold at first，but then I am warm and full of energy.(2016，荆州)
A．feels B．tastes C．smells D．looks
9．Yang Jiang __C__ be the boy's favorite writer.He has written a lot to praise her.(2016，长春)
A．can't B．mustn't C．must D．need
10．—Whose is this book written by Yang Jiang?
—Carol's favorite writer is Yang Jiang.It __B__ be hers.(2016，宜昌)
A．mustn't B．must C．can't D．can
11．—Where are you going this month?
—We __B__ go to Xiamen，but we're not sure.(2016，呼和浩特)
A．needn't B．might C．must D．mustn't
12．Our country is taking action to __A__ air pollution.(2016，青岛)
A．cut down B．cut up
C．cut out D．cut off
13．—To save energy，we should __B__ the electricity when we don't use it.
—I agree，you are really a greener person.(2016，咸宁)
A．shut up B．shut off
C．take away D．take off
14．—How do you like this speech？(2016，西宁)
—I like it very much and it can __A__ me ________ to achieve my dream.
A．cheer；up B．connect；with
C．let；down D．take；up
15．Don't worry.I'm sure you'll__A__ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them.(2016，呼和浩特)
A．catch up with B．be pleased with
C．get on well with D．agree with
16．—If you always __A__ yourself with others，you may have tons of pressure.
—I agree.We should believe in ourselves.(2016，宜昌)
A．compare B．communicate
C．create D．consider
17．—Mum，__B__ I play football this afternoon?
—Sure，but you ________ finish your homework first.(2016，天津)
A．may；could B．can；must
C．can；mustn't D．may；can't
18．Please __B__ the water when you brush your teeth.(2016，西宁)
A．turn down B．turn off
C．turn on D．turn up
19．—I've made much progress in grammar.The ideas you __A__ worked out fine.
—Glad I could help.(2016，厦门)
A．came up with B．ran out of
C．looked up to
20．—__B__ there any living things on the planets?
—I have no ideas.Maybe we can know more about that in the future.
A．Is B．Are C．Has D．Have
21．They all __C__ Laura about building a museum here.(2015，重庆)
A．waited for B．handed in
C．agreed with D．knocked at
22．—What is the most important thing to remember in the earthquake?
—We should try to __C__．(2016，铜仁)
A．run out of the building
B．jump out of the window
C．stay calm
D．stand in the middle of the room
23．—Have you seen Jack？His mother is looking for him all the afternoon.
—No，I haven't.I am sure her mother __A__ be very worried.(2016，随州)
A．must B．may C．need D．should
24．My parents said they would come to visit me.I couldn't __A__ to see them after several months away from home.(2016，河南)
A．wait B．help C．expect D．afford
25．—__A__ I watch TV now，Mum?
—No.It's too late，and you ________ go to bed.
A．May；have to B．Will；should
C．Can；will D．Must；need
26．—Three-D printing technology could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours.
—It __C__ amazing.It's my first time to get to know the news.(2016，镇江)
A．looks B．smells C．sounds D．tastes
27．—Mr Li.I can't understand everything in class.
—Don't worry！I'll __B__ the main points at the end.
A．record B．review
C．require D．remember
28．—What's wrong with you，Eric？You look tired.
—I __D__ to prepare for the final exam last night.
A．picked up B．woke up
C．put up D．stayed up
29．—My cousin has a sore throat.
—She'd better __A__．(2015，青岛)
A．drink water with honey B．see a dentist
C．take a shower D．get an X-ray
30．—The organization WildAid is __D__ to protect wild animals.
—It has done a lot so far.(2015，宜昌)
A．cheered up B．picked up
C．taken up D．set up
31．—Mr.Wang，must I come again to clean the classroom on Sunday？(2015，德州)
—No，you __C__．I have asked Kate to do it.
A．can't B．mustn't
C．needn't D．shouldn't
32．—Food safety has become a social focus now.
—That's why laws are made to __B__ crimes on food.(2016，宜昌)
A．record B．prevent C．divide D．separate
33．Pick up your pen and draw your own invention.Maybe it will be __C__ a real product one day.(2016，临沂)
A．turned on B．turned down
C．turned into D．turned off
34．—Must I water the flowers now？(2016，新疆)
—No，you __C__．You ________ do it later.
A．mustn't；must B．mustn't；may
C．needn't；may D．needn't；must
35．As the road to airport is under repair，we will have to __A__ early to get there in time.(2015，宁波)
A．set off B．turn off
C．take off D．take off
36．—Do you think that Kobe will be elected as the MVP this year?
—It__A__him.He has retired(退役) since April 13.(2016，咸宁)
A．can't be B．mustn't be
C．must be D．can be
37．—My English is so weak.Can you help me，Gina?
—Practice more and the most important is to __C__ a good habit of reading.(2016，荆州)
A．make B．complete
C．develop D．show
38．—Shall we go for a walk?
—__B__ great.
A．Feels B．Sounds C．Turns D．Looks
39．His leg is seriously injured in the accident.__B__ a doctor at once.
A．Ask for B．Send for C．Wait for D．Look for
40．—Jason，would you please __C__ this notice?
—With pleasure.(2015，武汉)
A．put on B．put off C．put up D．put out
41．— I found my sister __C__ my things and took my new magazines.What should I do?
—I guess you should tell her it's not right.(2015，乐山)
A．looking through B．looking up
C．looking for
42．Can you help me __D__ those exercise books？I got a different number each time.(2016，南京)
A．carry B．move C．write D．count
43．You'd better __D__ the test paper before handing it in.(2015，宜宾)
A．go ahead B．go on C．go off D．go over
44．There __B__ some beef in the fridge.Let's make some beef noodles.(2015，长春)
A．am B．is C．are D．be
45．—You aren't supposed to smoke in public.It's bad for our health.(2016，黄冈)
—Sorry，I will __C__ my cigarette right now.
A．give up B．put down
C．put out D．give away
46．—Excuse me，__C__ I take the magazine out of the reading room?
—Sorry，you can't.Just here，please.(2016，淮安)
A．must B．would C．may D．need
47．A true friend will never __B__ from you when you're in trouble.(2016，重庆)
A．take away B．run away
C．put off D．get off
48．—We can't__C__making a plan.Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now.
—Yes，I think so.(2016，滨州)
A．put on B．put up C．put off D．put out
