课件13张PPT。第31讲 动词的语态中考对动词语态的考查主要是不同时态的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态。
动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。若主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的承受者为被动语态。注意动词中，只有及物动词有被动语态。高频考向一 常见时态的被动语态①一般现在时：am/is/are＋done.如：
It is made in China 它是中国制造的。
②一般过去时：was/were＋done.如：
The bridge was built in 1980.这座桥建于1980年。
③一般将来时：will＋be＋done.如：
She will be trained by her father.她将受训于她爸爸。
④情态动词：情态动词＋be＋done.如：
Work must be done in two days.工作必须在两天之内完成。
⑤现在完成时：have/has＋been＋done.如：
The room has been cleaned.房间已经被打扫干净了。高频考向一 常见时态的被动语态【例1】 —Tom is always careless with his school-work.Could you help him?
—No problem！I think he ________ to think twice before starting.(2016，黄冈)
A．should be told B．can tell
C．should tell D．can be telling
解析：由上句“汤姆做作业总是很粗心，你能帮他吗？”可知下句意为“没问题！我认为应该告诉他，在开始做之前仔细考虑。”分析空格所在句的句子结构可知，这是含宾语从句的主从复合句，从句主语he是谓语动词tell的动作承受者，所以应用被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态，由“情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词”构成。
答案：____A高频考向一 常见时态的被动语态【例2】 —Your scarf feels soft.Did you buy it in China?
—No，I bought it in France.But it ________ in China.
A．is making B．was made
C．makes D．made
解析：结合选项可知句意为“你的围巾摸上去很软。你在中国买的吗？”“不，我在法国买的。但是它在中国制造的。”空格前的it指代“围巾”，它与“制造”在逻辑上是被动的关系，故此处用被动语态。由题目可知“买围巾”是过去发生的动作，那么围巾也是在过去制造的，故用一般过去时。一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was/were＋过去分词。
答案：____B高频考向一 常见时态的被动语态【例3】 Tourists' bad behavior ________ by the government in our country from now on.(2015，陕西)
A．will record B．will be recorded
C．records D．is recorded
解析：分析句子结构可知，主语behavior是谓语动词record的承受者，要用被动语态。再由from now on“从现在起”可知，句子应用一般将来时态。一般将来时的被动语态结构为：will be＋及物动词的过去分词。
答案：____B高频考向一 常见时态的被动语态【例4】 In the past few years，thousands of films ________ all over the world.
A．have produced B．have been produced
C．are producing D．are being produced
解析：由in the past few years“在过去的几年里”可知要用现在完成时。“films”作主语，须用被动语态。现在完成时的被动语态结构为：have/has＋been＋vt.(p.p)．
答案：____B高频考向二 语态用法的难点①某些动词形式是主动语态，但含有被动的意思。如：
This dictionary sells well.这种字典很畅销。
The woolen sweater costs $88.这件羊毛衫卖88美元。
The car needs repairing.＝That car needs to be repaired.那辆车需要修理。
The soup tastes delicious.这汤尝起来味道很好。
②主动语态中有些动词，如：make，see，listen，watch，feel后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态要带上to。如：
He made the boy work for him.＝The boy was made to work for him.这男孩被迫为他工作。高频考向二 语态用法的难点③动词短语变成被动短语时，动词短语后面的介词或副词不能省略。如：
The baby was looked after by her sister.这婴儿由她姐姐照顾。
His plan was laughed at by everyone.他的计划遭到每个人的嘲笑。
④形容词cheap，comfortable，dangerous，important，interesting，nice等接不定式作状语时，不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如：
A bicycle is cheap to run.使用自行车是很经济的。
This question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。
⑤形容词worth后接动名词时，该动名词的主动形式表被动意义。如：
The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。高频考向二 语态用法的难点【例5】 The books ________ well.
A．sell B．sells C．is sold D．are selling
解析：本句中主语the books是复数，sell well意为“畅销”，句意为“这些书很畅销”。
答案：____
【例6】 This pair of shoes________hand，and it ________very comfortable.(2017，原创)
A．is made with；is felt B．are made from；is felt
C．are made of；feels D．is made by；feels
解析：句意为“这双鞋是由手工制成的，感觉很舒服。”主语this pair of shoes是谓语动词动作的承受者，故用被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，用is made by；feel为连系动词，不能用被动语态。
答案：____BD高频考向二 语态用法的难点【例7】 If you see the cartoon film，you will________laugh.
(2017，原创)
A．be made B．be made to
C．made to D．make
解析：由句意“如果你看到这部动画电影，你将会被逗笑。”可以判断用被动语态。动词make在主动语态中，后面跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补，而变成被动语态时to必须加上。
答案：____B考点跟踪突破31 动词的语态
1．Now smart phones __A__ in many ways in our daily life.(2016，长沙)
A．are used B．is used C．are using
2．—China's 23rd Beidou Satellite __D__ into space on June 12，2016.
—As Chinese，we are proud of it.(2016，咸宁)
A．has sent B．is sent
C．will send D．was sent
3．—Waiter，I'd like some Ningbo Dumplings.
—Sorry，sir.Ningbo Dumpings __C__only for lunch and dinner.(2016，随州 )
A．serve B．served
C．are served D．are serving
4．—What's the meaning of the activity “Let's Save”？
—Paper shouldn't __C__ in everyday life.(2016，孝感)
A．waste B．wasted
C．be wasted D．is wasted
5．Teenagers should __D__ to take care of themselves from a young age.(2015，临沂)
A．educate B．be educating
C．have educated D．be educated
6．In Switzerland，things like glass and plastic __C__into different groups and then recycled.(2016，盐城 )
A．separate B．separated
C．are separated D．is separated
7．—Mary was heard __C__ just now.What happened?
—Joe was telling her some jokes.
A．cry B．laugh C．to laugh D．to cry
8．—Your scarf feels soft.Did you buy it in China?
—No，I bought it in France.But it __B__ in China.(2015，昆明)
A．is making B．was made
C．makes D．made
9．He Jiang__D__to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.(2016，广东)
A．invites B．invited
C．is invited D．was invited
10．Now all Chinese couples__C__to have two children.(2016，临沂 )
A．allow B．allowed
C．are allowed D．were allowed
11．—A new bridge __B__ in our hometown last year.(2016，邵阳)
—Really？Our hometown must be more beautiful.
A．is built B．was built C．built
12．—Why does the earth look blue in space?
—Because most of the earth's surface __B__ by water.(2016，黄石)
A．covers B．is covered
C．cover D．are covered
13．This medicine __C__ millions of people's lives since it was put into use.(2016，上海)
A．is saving B．will save
C．has saved D．had saved
14．—How clean your car is!
—Thank you.It __A__ very often.(2016，重庆)
A．is washed B．washes
C．was washed D．washed
15．Everyone in our class __A__ to take part in the English Speech Contest.(2016，烟台)
A．is encouraged B．encourages
C．are encouraging D．are encouraged
16．It is said that the project connecting mainland and Hong Kong __D__ soon.(2016，潍坊)
A．is completed B．has completed
C．will complete D．will be completed
17．The old over 90 __B__ not only by their family but also by the government in many places.
A．is looked at B．are taken good care of
C．are taken good care D．is looking after
18．Paper __D__ first ________ about 2000 years ago in China.(2016，天津)
A．is；creating B．is；created
C．has；created D．was；created
19．Chinese New Year __A__ the Spring Festival.People often eat dumplings.(2016，长春)
A．is called B．was called
C．calls D．called
20．A new hospital __D__ in my town next year.
A．builds B．built
C．is built D．will be built
21．More chances __B__ for students to learn from each other if working in groups.(2016，泰安)．
A．provide B．are provided
C．provided D．will provide
