课件27张PPT。第34讲 疑问句和倒装句中考对疑问句和倒装句的考查主要如下:
1.四种疑问句:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
2.倒装句的结构及其意思。高频考向一 一般疑问句1.一般疑问句结构
一般疑问句的基本结构为:①be+主语+其他;②助动词(或情态动词)+主语+谓语(动词原形)+其他。对一般疑问句作肯定回答时,通常是:Yes,主语+be/助动词/情态动词;作否定回答时,通常是:No,主语+be/助动词/情态动词+not。not一般要与前面的词语构成缩略形式。 高频考向一 一般疑问句2.一般疑问句中需注意的几个问题:
①情态动词must提问时,否定回答用needn't或don't have to。
eg:—Must I go now?我必须现在就去吗?
—Yes,you must./No,you needn't.是的。/不,不必。
②否定的一般疑问句通常是以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头,往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。注意yes和no在翻译成中文时与其原意正好相反。
eg:—Don't you hear of that?难道你没听说过这件事?(表示惊讶)
—Yes,I do./No,I don't.不,我听说过。/是的,我没有听说过。高频考向一 一般疑问句【例1】 —I hear you've got a new watch.________ I have a look?
—Yes,you may.(2016,毕节)
A.Do B.May C.Should D.Shall
解析:句意:——我听说你有一块新表。我可以看一看吗?——是的,你可以。A.Do我看一看吗?B.May可以。我可以看一看吗?C.Should应该,表示责任与义务。我应该看一看吗?D.Shall要,将要。我将要看一看吗?本句是提请求:我可以看吗?用may表示请求允许。
答案:____B高频考向二 特殊疑问句1.由疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句,不能用Yes或No回答,读时用降调。特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成。常见疑问代词有:who,whom,what,which,whose等;疑问副词有:when,where,how,why,how old,how many,how often,how soon等。高频考向二 特殊疑问句2.常见的特殊疑问句
①询问时间:
When did it start?它什么时候开始的?
②询问地点:
Where do they come from?他们来自哪里?
③询问人或关系:
Who is he?他是谁?
Who called you?谁打电话给你?
Who/Whom are you going with?你打算跟谁一起去?高频考向二 特殊疑问句④询问原因:
Why do you like pandas?你为什么喜欢熊猫?
⑤询问天气:
How is the weather today?今天天气怎么样?
What is the weather like today?今天天气怎么样?
⑥询问频率:
How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视?
⑦询问颜色:
What color is your schoolbag?你的书包是什么颜色的?高频考向二 特殊疑问句⑧询问年龄:
How old is the boy?这男孩多大了?
⑨询问距离:
How far is it from your home to school?
从你家到学校有多远?
⑩询问数量:
How many apples do we need?我们需要多少苹果?
How much honey do we need?我们需要多少蜂蜜?
?询问价格:
How much is the T-shirt?这件T恤衫多少钱?高频考向二 特殊疑问句【例2】—________ do I need to feed the pet dog?
—Twice a day.(2016,烟台)
A.How long B.How much
C.How soon D.How often
解析:此处可用“前后呼应法”答题。how long意为“多长时间;多长”,询问时间段或物体的长度;how much意为“多少(钱)”,询问不可数名词的量或物品的价格;how soon意为“多久”,常用于提问“in+一段时间”;how often意为“多久一次”,用于对频率提问。根据答句“一天两次”可知,问句提问频率,句意应为“我需要多久喂一次宠物狗?”。
答案:____D高频考向二 特殊疑问句【例3】 —________ do you often get to school,Michael?
—On foot.(2016,毕节)
A.How B.When C.What D.Where
解析:句意:——迈克尔,你通常怎样上学?——步行。A.How怎样,询问行为方式或状态;B.When何时,询问时间;C.What什么,询问事物;D.Where在哪儿,询问地点。答语:on foot步行,指的是方式,用how提问。
答案:____A高频考向三 选择疑问句 提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方作出选择回答的问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句中两种或两种以上的情况用or连接,回答时不能用yes或no,要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。语调一般是前升后降。选择疑问句可以分为一般选择疑问句和特殊疑问句两种。
①一般选择疑问句:一般疑问句+or+被选择的部分?
eg:—Do you like apples or pears?你喜欢苹果还是梨?
—I like pears.我喜欢梨。
②特殊选择疑问句:特殊疑问句+A or B?
eg:—Which would you like better,tea or coffee?茶或咖啡,你更喜欢哪一种?
—I'd like coffee.我喜欢咖啡。高频考向三 选择疑问句 【例4】 —Bill,does your sister have brown hair or red hair?
—________.She takes after my mother.( 2016,济南)
A.Yes,she does B.No,she doesn’t
C.Brown hair D.I don’t know
解析:分析问句结构可知,该句为选择疑问句,选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答;由常识可知,比尔不可能不知道自己妹妹头发的颜色。
答案:____C高频考向四 反意疑问句1.反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问的句子。反意疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分为陈述句,后一部分为简短的一般疑问句。若前部分为肯定句,后一部分就要用否定形式,而且必须用缩略形式;若前一部分用否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式。即“前肯后否,前否后肯”。两部分的人称和时态要一致。高频考向四 反意疑问句2.常见的特殊的反意疑问句
?当陈述部分含有否定意义的词如 hardly,few,little,no,nobody,no one,nothing等时,附加疑问部分须用肯定形式。但若陈述部分含有带否定前缀如im-,un-,dis-等的派生词,仍作为肯定结构,附加疑问句部分用否定式。
?I am...反意疑问句附加疑问句部分应为aren't I。
?如果陈述部分是肯定或否定的祈使句,疑问部分须用 will you。
?当陈述部分是let's do sth.时,疑问部分须用shall we来反问;而当陈述部分是let sb.do sth.时,疑问部分用will you 来反问。
?陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,附加疑问句部分用“didn't+主语”或“usedn't+主语”。如:
He used to go to bed late,didn't he/usedn't he?他过去睡觉很晚,对吗?高频考向四 反意疑问句?need 的反意疑问句
①need是实义动词。如:
We need to come earlier,don't we?我们需要来早点,对吗?
②need是情态动词。如:
We need't come so early,need we?我们不必来那么早,对吗?
?当陈述部分主语是不定代词 nobody,somebody,no one时,疑问句部分须用复数代词they,也可以用he;当陈述部分主语是不定代词 nothing,something时,疑问部分须用代词it。
?若陈述部分为there be 句型,附加疑问部分仍用be (not) there。高频考向四 反意疑问句?主从复合句的反意疑问句附加疑问句部分的助动词与人称应与主句的谓语动词和人称保持一致。若宾语从句的主语为“I think/suppose/believe”等表示说话人的看法,反意疑问句的疑问部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致。高频考向四 反意疑问句3.反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes;事实是否定的,就用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语翻译正好相反,yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。如:
—He likes playing football,doesn't he?他喜欢踢足球,是吗?
—Yes,he does./No,he doesn't.是的。/ 不是。
—His sister didn't attend the meeting,did she?他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?
—Yes,she did./No,she didn't.不,她参加了。/是的,她没参加。高频考向四 反意疑问句【例5】 There is little water in the bottle,________?
A.is it B.isn't it
C.is there D.isn't there
解析:本题考查反意疑问句的用法。句子由there be引导,反意疑问句也应由there be构成,故排除选项A和B;little意为“很少,几乎没有”,表示否定意义,故反意疑问句用肯定形式。
答案:____C高频考向四 反意疑问句【例6】 It's sunny today.Let's fly kites in the park,______?
解析:以let's 引导的反意疑问句应用shall we。
答案:____________shall we高频考向五 倒装句的用法 高频考向五 倒装句的用法 ②这两种结构的不同点是:
“so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”依附于肯定句,表示前边的肯定情况也适合后边的人(物),意为“……也……”。
“neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”依附于否定句,表示前边的否定情况也适合后边的人(物),意为“……也不……”。如:
Tom watched TV last night,so did Ann.
汤姆昨晚看电视了,安也看了。
Mary didn't watch TV last night,neither did Jim.
玛丽昨晚没有看电视,吉姆也没看。
【注意】若对前面所说的事实加以肯定时,应用“so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词”。此时前后两个句子的主语为同一个人或物。高频考向五 倒装句的用法 2.there be 句型
there be 句型表示“存在”,是一个主语在be动词后面的倒装句。如:
There is a tree in front of the building.楼房前有一棵树。
3.以副词开头的倒装句
在以here,there,out,in,down,away等表示方位的副词开头的句子中,如果主语是名词,要用倒装句。因此,谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。如:
There comes the bus.公交车来了。高频考向五 倒装句的用法 【例7】 —Peter doesn't know many people here.
—________.
A.So do I B.So am I
C.Neither am I D.Neither do I
解析:上文是否定句,意为“彼得不认识这里的许多人。”可知下文句意应为“我也不认识。”应由neither引导,结合上文的谓语动词为doesn't know 可知此处应用do。
答案:____D高频考向五 倒装句的用法 【例8】 Between the two hills ________ a deep river.
A.are B.have C.has D.is
解析:本句考查倒装句,结合英语提示可知正确语序为“A deep river is between the two hills.”意为“在这两座山之间有一条河”。
答案:____ D考点跟踪突破34 疑问句和倒装句
1. —Could you tell me __B__ it takes to walk to the Disneyland?
—About 20 minutes.(2016,陕西)
A.how far B.how long
C.how often D.how soon
2.—__C__ can you read in English?
—About 100 words a minute.(2016,济宁)
A.How far B.How much
C.How fast D.How many
3.—__A__ are these bananas?
—$3.99.(2016,北京)
A.How much B.How long
C.How heavy D.How big
4.—__B__ is the nearest hospital from here?
—Er,it's about ten minutes' walk.(2016,福州)
A.How long B.How far C.How often
5.—__C__ do you visit your grandfather?
—Once a week.(2016,邵阳)
A.How many B.How soon C.How often
6.—__C__ will you fly to Beijing?
—In two days.(2016,长沙)
A.How long B.How often C.How soon
7.—__C__ did you visit Taiwan with,Sarah?
—My parents.We had a good time there.(2016,济南)
A.What B.Where C.Who D.When
8.—__C__ will the 6th Chinese Film Festival in France last?
—From May 24th to July 19th.(2016,连云港)
A.How often B.How soon
C.How long D.How many
9.—__D__ do your parents take exercise,William?
—Less than three times a week.(2016,无锡)
A.How long B.How much
C.How soon D.How often
10.—What color is your bag?
—__A__.(2016,上海)
A.It’s yellow B.It’s nice
C.It’s old D.It’s big
11.—Jack went to see the man who was in hospital yesterday.
—__B__.
A.So did he. B.So he did C.He did so D.Did so he
12.—Brian does well in math,__B__?
—________.He always gets good scores on his math exams.(2015,达州)
A.does he;Yes,he does
B.doesn't he;Yes,he does
C.does he;No,he doesn't
D.doesn't he;No,he doesn't
13.—I usually go hiking with my friends.
—__B__ do I.(2015,青海)
A.Nor B.So C.Neither
14.I don't think the newly-directed film by Zhao Wei is as interesting as people say,__C__?(2015,梅州)
A.do you B.don't you C.is it D.isn't it
15.—__B__ do you usually share happiness with?
—My parents and my best friend.(2016,青岛)
A.Whose B.Who C.What D.How
16.—They go to school early in the morning.
—__C__(2015,安顺)
A.So do Tom. B.So Tom do.
C.So does Tom. D.So Tom does.
17.—Don't be late for school next time,__B__?
—No,I won't.(2015,安顺)
A.are you B.will you C.do you D.did you
18.—Lucy can't go mountain climbing with us tomorrow.(2015,龙东)
—__B__ I have to do housework at home.
A.So can I. B.Neither can I. C.Neither I can.
19.He has never been to Beijing,__B__?(2015,龙东)
A.hasn't he B.has he C.doesn't he
20.Nancy,sweep the classroom,__C__?(2015,宜宾)
A.don't you B.do you
C.will you D.doesn't she
21.—__A__can we become good learners?
—By working hard and asking the teachers for help.(2015,成都)
A.How B.Where C.When
22.—__C__ will the breakfast be ready?
—Just a minute.(2015,龙东)
A.How much B.How long C.How soon
23.—Bob,__B__ is it from your home to school?
—It's about ten minutes' walk.(2015,营口)
A.how long B.how far
C.how often D.how soon
24.—__D__is it the Qmolongma?
—It's 8,848 meters.It's very hard to climb the mountain.(2015,梅州)
A.How deep B.How long
C.How far D.How high