课件19张PPT。第35讲 主谓一致中考对主谓一致的考查主要包括以下三点：
1．学科名词作主语；表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语；“the＋姓氏名词复数”作主语；一些以s结尾的不可数名词作主语，如news，maths；“不定代词＋名词”作主语，如both of，neither等。
2．主语后带有with，except，like，as well as等介词短语。
3．就近原则，如there be句型，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等。
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。因此，找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。高频考向一 语法一致原则语法一致即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词就用复数形式。
①当and连接两个或多个名词，或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。
②不定代词either，neither，anybody，anyone，anything，someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，no one，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Is there anything wrong with your bike？你的自行车有什么毛病吗？
Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。高频考向一 语法一致原则③由each，each...and each...，every...and every...，every...作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。
④主语后有with，along with，together with，as well as，no less than，more than，including，besides，like，except，but等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。如：
Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。
⑤“a number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。
The number of students in our class is 32.我们班学生人数为32。高频考向一 语法一致原则⑥“a lot of(lots of，plenty of，a pile of，piles of，most of)＋名词”和“分数或百分数＋名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。
⑦由“a pair(a kind，a series...)＋of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs(kinds...)＋of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。
Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作十五双鞋。高频考向一 语法一致原则⑧某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes，trousers，shorts，pants，shoes，gloves...)作主语时，谓词动词用复数形式。如：
My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。
⑨不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Reading is learning.读书就是学习。高频考向一 语法一致原则【例1】 We make it a rule that each of us ________ the bedroom one day a week.
A．has cleaned B．have cleaned
C．cleans D．clean
解析：“each每一个”强调个体，故用第三人称单数； “one day a week 一周一天”则表明指频度，应用一般现在时。
答案：____
【例2】 ________ that pair of ________ a little cheaper?
A．Is；glass B．Are；glass
C．Is；glasses D．Are；glasses
解析：a pair of后应接复数名词，其作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式。
答案：____CC高频考向一 语法一致原则【例3】 A woman with a young boy ________ getting into Uncle’s car.(2016，威海)
A．is B．are C．has
解析：由空格后的getting可知其前应为be动词，构成现在进行时的谓语结构；句中的主语是“a woman”，单数名词作主语，后面跟with，together with等时，谓语动词用单数形式。
答案：____A高频考向一 语法一致原则【例4】 Everybody except Mike and Linda ________ there when the meeting began.(2015，泰安)
A．is B．are C．was D．were
解析：我们可用“语法分析法”和“排除法”解答本题。句意：会议开始时，除了迈克和琳达，每个人都到了。主语中含有except时，谓语动词的数要与except之间的名词或代词的数保持一致，此句中except之前的主语为everybody，谓语动词应用单数形式，排除B、D两项。此句含when引导的时间状语从句，根据从句中的关键词began判断空格处应用一般过去时态，排除A项。
答案：____C高频考向二 意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。
①由and连接的两个名词，如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。
The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。
②表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词及词组作主语时，一般被看做一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：
Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。高频考向二 意义一致原则③集体名词(如family，team，crowd，company，class，group，government...)如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
My family is a small one with three people.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。
④people，police，cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。
⑤算式中，表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如：
What is/are three times three？3乘以3是多少？高频考向二 意义一致原则【例5】 The twins ________ fond of the new idea in the magazine article.(2016，上海)
A．be B．am C．is D．are
解析：此处考查主谓一致。句意为：这个双胞胎很喜欢这份艺术杂志上的新点子。主语为the twins，表示双胞胎，是两个人，为复数，因此谓语的系动词为are。
答案：____D高频考向三 就近原则 有时谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的名词保持一致，这种原则叫做就近原则，又叫做邻近原则。
①由either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)．..，not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。
Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。
He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。高频考向三 就近原则 有时谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的名词保持一致，这种原则叫做就近原则，又叫做邻近原则。
①由either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)．..，not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。
Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。
He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。
②There be...和Here be...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如：
There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。高频考向三 就近原则 【例6】 There ________ a number of books in the library and the number of them ________ increasing.(2016，烟台)
A．has；is B．have；are
C．are；is D．is；are
解析：由第一个空前的单词there可知，前一分句为there be句型，a number of books表示“很多书”，在there be句型中，be动词要与后面的名词在数上保持一致，所以第一空用are；后一分句the number of them表示“它们的数量”，谓语动词应用单数形式。
答案：____C高频考向三 就近原则 【例7】 ________ Jane ________ Peter is warm-hearted.They're popular with our class.(2016，泉州)
A．Both，and B．Not only，but also
C．Neither，nor
解析：句意：不但珍尼，而且彼得热心。他们都受我们班的欢迎。A.Both…and...和……都，作主语，谓语用复数；B.Not only…but also...不但……而且，作主语，谓语与靠近的词一致；C.Neither…nor...既不……也不，作主语，谓语与靠近的词一致。由后句的popular可知两人都热心，谓语动词是is，单数，故应用not only，but also。
答案：____B高频考向三 就近原则 【例8】 There ________ some flowers on the teacher's desk just now，but now there ________ nothing on it.
A．have；has B．were；has
C．were；is D．has；has
解析：第一空应根据some flowers来确定谓语动词应用复数，just now表明是过去时；第二空根据nothing来判断谓语动词应用单数，now表明一般现在时。
答案：____ C
考点跟踪突破35 主谓一致
1．Both Kate and I __C__ ready for the new high school life.(2016，孝感)
A．am B．is C．are D．be
2．—Look！A woman with three children__A__ crossing the street.
—Let's help them.(2016，郴州)
A．is B．are C．was
3．Andy，with his parents，__B__ to Hong Kong，and they will stay there for a week.(2016，淮安)
A．have gone B．has gone
C．have been D．has been
4．Look! The police__C__the food on to the bank of the river.(2016，宜宾)
A．am carrying B．is carrying
C．are carrying D．are carried
5．—What would you like to have for supper?
—Either noodles or rice __C__ OK.I don't mind.(2015，安顺)
A．are B．were C．is D．was
6．Mary with her parents often __D__ for a walk in the park after supper.(2015，安顺)
A．go B．is going C．are going D．goes
7．—How many teachers are there in your school?
—__A__ them ________ over one hundred.(2015，龙东)
A．The number of；is B．The number of；are
C．A number of；are
8．Either you or I __C__ invited to the important meeting.(2015，百色)
A．be B．is C．am D．are.
9．At present，the price of the houses in Beijing__B__than before.I can’t afford________a large one.
A．are more expensive；to buy
B．is more expensive；to buy
C．are cheap；to buy
D．is low；buy
10．—__B__ there any living things on the other planets?
—I have no idea.Maybe we can know more about that in the future.(2015，广东)
A．Is B．Are C．Has D．Have
11．There __C__ some milk and apples in the fridge.(2015，新疆)
A．has B．have C．is D．are
12．Half of the class __A__ most of the work，some of the work ________really difficult.
A．have done；is B．has done；are
C．has done；is D．have done；are
13．Either Jane or her parents __D__watching TV.
A．were B．is C．was D．are
14．About 60 percent of the students __B__ from the south.The rest of them ________ from the north.
A．are；is B．are；are C．is；are D．is；is
15．The rich __B__ not always happy.
A．are B．is C．was D．were
16．Physics __B__ my favorite subject.
A．be B．is C．am D．are
17．The boy with two dogs __C__ when the earthquake happened.
A．were sleeping B．is sleeping
C．was sleeping D．are sleeping
18．The summer holidays are coming，so the twins as well as Jack __C__ to Hong Kong for vacation.
A．goes B．is going C．are going D．go
19．As the saying goes，no news __A__ good news.
A．is B．are C．has D．have
20．For a worker who is working in a hot day，ten hours __B__ a long time.
A．am B．is C．was D．are
21．His family __B__ is a large one，and now the whole family ________having dinner.
A．is；is B．is；are C．are；are D．are；is
22．Reading aloud __A__ very important for us to learn languages.
A．is B．are C．am D．be
23．Everyone except Tom and John __B__ there when the meeting began.
A．are B．is C．were D．was
24．There __D__ a book and three pens on me desk just now，but now there is nothing on it.
A．had B．were C．was D．is
25．There__C__two dictionaries on the bookcase.You can use either of them.(2016，长春)
A．is B．was C．are D．were
