【聚焦中考】2017中考英语（四川）总复习-第三轮 中考题型实战 第43讲 词汇运用

第43讲　词汇运用
一、根据汉语写单词完成句子。(2016，雅安)
1．Women’s
Day
is
on
March
the
eighth(八)．
2．David
is
always
confident
enough
to
make
a
speech(演讲)
in
front
of
many
people.
3．I'm
proud(骄傲)
to
help
people
see
again.
4．We
have
read
some
interesting
books
recently(最近)．
5．My
uncle
feeds(饲养)many
cows
on
his
farm.
二、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确，每个单词限用一次。(2015，德阳)
she，tourist，because，everything，hungry，
arrive，delicious，buy，with，careful
Last
summer
was
Ann's
trip
to
Russia.She
was
very
excited.But
when
she
____6____
at
the
hotel，she
found
that
her
Russian
money
wasn't
in
her
handbag.She
looked
for
it
____7____
in
all
her
bags，but
she
couldn't
find
it.She
had
only
a
ten pound
note
____8____
her.She
found
a
place
to
change
her
English
money.On
her
way
back
to
the
hotel，Ann
____9____
some
cheese，some
bread
and
some
oranges.She
told
the
manager
that
she
didn't
eat
Russian
food
except
for
breakfast，____10____
she
knew
the
price
of
the
hotels
included
breakfast.
Others
visited
places
of
great
interest
in
Russia，but
Ann
always
said
she
wasn't
well.In
fact
her
holiday
wasn't
bad，except
that
she
was
always
____11____．After
all，a
piece
of
fruit
for
lunch，and
bread
and
cheese
for
supper
isn't
enough…
especially
not
for
two
weeks.
On
the
last
day
of
her
holiday，Jane，one
of
the
____12____
asked
Ann
why
she
never
ate
with
them
in
the
hotel
restaurants.The
food
was
____13____．Ann
told
her
all
about
her
money
problem.Jane
looked
at
____14____
for
a
moment，and
then
said，“But
didn't
you
know
the
price
of
this
hotel
includes
____15____？”
6．arrived　　　7.carefully　　　8.with
9．bought
10.because
11.hungry
12．tourists
13.delicious
14.her
15．everything
词汇运用类题目的考点主要是考查学生对单词的拼写能力、词形变化和语法知识运用能力以及词组辨析能力等。试题通常以语篇或句子的形式出现，测试内容以实词为主，虚词很少。测试题型为单词拼写、选词填空、根据首字母填空等。
选词填空解题应注意事项：
①先对备选的词汇的词性作简单标记，如：名词 n.，动词 v.，形容词 a.，副词 ad.等。同时对词义作初步的理解。
②根据题意或通读全文，猜测空格中所缺的信息，注意发现固定搭配关系，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。
③在填词过程中要注意词形的变化。既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：空前空后要注意，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有“'s”不能弃，“动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意要用三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。
④完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。
【例1】
阅读短文，用所给词的适当形式填空，使短文意思完整，通顺。每空一词。(2016，江西)
real，noisy，clean，after，work，be，area，traffic，also，live
Many
people
have
cars
in
the
city.But
pollution
is
a
problem
because
of
the
____1____．Nowadays
some
downtown(市中心)areas
around
the
world
don't
have
cars.These
car
free
zones(无车区)are
____2____
for
people，bicycles，and
public
transportation
only.
Eight
million
people
____3____
in
the
center
of
London
and
another
two
million
people
go
to
work
there
every
day.The
downtown
area
is
very
____4____
with
hundreds
of
cars，buses，and
taxis，but
there
are
____5____
a
lot
of
beautiful
parks
with
free
music
concerts.At
lunchtime，many
people
go
there
for
a
rest
____6____
they
get
off
work.
Parts
of
Tokyo
are
always
crowded
with
hundreds
of
people
—but
no
cars！These
modern
car free
zones
are
____7____
popular
and
people
like
shopping
there.
In
the
past，Bogota
was
polluted
because
there
____8____
lots
of
cars
and
traffic.Now
the
downtown
area
is
car free
zone
and
the
air
is
____9____．Many
people
don't
have
a
car
and
half
a
million
people
take
the
bus
____10____．There
are
lots
of
stores.It's
not
expensive.
1．解析：前文提到很多人都有车，污染也因此而生，这里和车相近的词是traffic。
2．解析：这里的areas来代指前文中的“these
car
free
zones”．
3．解析：句子的意思是有八百万的人生活在伦敦市中心，解答这道题需要掌握“live
in”这个短语的意思。
4．解析：从后面上百辆的车很容易联想到会产生噪音，因此用noisy。
5．解析：根据前后文的意思：前面说车多吵，后面说公园有免费的音乐会，根据逻辑关系判断应该用“but”．
6．解析：根据句子意思和一般的生活常识，很多人午饭时间，人们下班后会到公园里休息一下可以判断使用“after”。
7．解析：首先根据句子意思无车区真的流行了起来锁定使用real这个词，后面的popular是形容词，前面修饰时一般要使用副词，因此答案是really。
8．解析：There
Be句型和时态的考查，从前半句可以判断这里要用到过去时。
9．解析：通过句子意思“市中心区域”。
10．解析：根据句子意思许多人没有车还有50万人乘坐公交可以判断，这里使用work最合适，动词使用的是take，take
something
to
do
something使用什么干什么。所以这里使用“to
work”。
答案：
1．traffic　　　2.areas　　　3.live
4．noisy
5.also
6.after
7．really
8.were
9.clean
10．to_work
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯(每个单词限用一次)。(2016，自贡)
airport，I，wife，meet，sweet，and，with，decide，Africa，help
Here
was
an
interesting
story
about
learning
English.George
was
head
of
an
__1__
country.He
was
going
to
pay
a
visit
to
the
USA.He
__2__
to
learn
some
English
words
so
that
he
might
greet
Obama，president
of
the
USA，in
English.So
he
asked
his
wife
for
__3__
because
she
knew
a
little
English.His
__4__
told
him，“When
you
__5__
Mr.
President，just
greet
him
with
‘How
are
you？’，and
he
may
answer
‘I
am
fine’．Then
you
need
only
to
say
‘__6__，too’，and
leave
the
rest
to
your
interpreter(口译员)．”
When
his
plane
landed
at
the
__7__．George
was
a
little
nervous，he
said
to
the
smiling
Obama，“Who
are
you？”This
was
quite
unexpected
to
the
president
and
surprised
him
greatly.But
he
quickly
calmed(冷静)
down.Still
__8__
a
smile
on
his
face，he
answered，“I
am
Michelle
Obama's
husband.”To
his
reply，George
answered
back
without
a
moment
“Me，too”，__9__
looked
at
the
president's
wife，Michelle，smiling
__10__
as
well.
1．African　　　2.decided　　　3.help
4．wife
5.meet
6.me
7．airport
8.with
9.and
10．sweetly
单词拼写解题应注意的事项：
①要根据上下文之意，熟练运用所学词汇。
②要理解全句，填准词，因为有时英汉并非一一对应。
③要分析所填单词充当的句子成分，判断所填单词的词性。
④要注意英汉语言之间的区别。对于有多个相同意思的单词，要选择最符合英语习惯的那个。
⑤要规范、工整地拼写出单词，不要因书写而丢分。
【例2】
根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。(2015，广东)
The
Great
Wall
is
known
as
the
eighth
wonder
of
the
world.Every
year
thousands
of
tourists
from
all
over
the
world
come
to
visit
this
place
of
__1__
in
China.
Last
Saturday
I
went
to
the
Great
Wall
__2__
some
of
my
friends.It
was
a
sunny
day.On
our
way
up，we
saw
many
volunteers
(志愿者)
keeping
working
in
the
sun.They
helped
the
elders
with
their
bags，__3__
photos
for
some
tourists
and
answered
people's
questions.Though
they
are
very
__4__，they
didn't
stop
to
have
a
rest.We
were
deeply
moved
when
we
saw
this.
Just
at
the
moment，we
saw
__5__
little
boy
standing
alone
and
crying.We
went
over
and
asked
what
__6__
to
him.From
his
answer
we
knew
that
he
couldn't
find
his
mother.We
told
him
not
to
__7__
about
it
and
then
we
tried
to
get
to
touch
with
his
mother
with
the
phone
number
he
gave
us.Twenty
minutes
__8__，his
mother
turned
up.When
she
saw
her
son，she
was
very
excited
and
thanked
__9__
with
tears
in
her
eyes.
That
day
we
not
only
enjoyed
the
beauty
of
the
Great
Wall，but
also
felt
the
warmth
of
the
society.__10__
everyone
can
reach
out
a
helping
hand
to
others，the
world
around
us
will
be
more
and
more
harmonious
(和谐的)．
1．解析：place
of
interest意为“名胜”，此处指长城。
2．解析：with
sb.意为“与某人一起”。
3．解析：空格后是photos(照片)，此处应意为“拍照”，用take
photos短语。由Last
Saturday(上周六)可知此处描写过去的事情，应用一般过去时，take的过去式为took，故应用took。
4．解析：由后面的they
didn't
stop
to
have
a
rest(他们没有停下来休息)与句首的Though(虽然，尽管)可推知此处表示“虽然他们很累”，故填tired(疲倦的)。
5．解析：a
little
boy意为“一个小男孩”，此处用a表示首次提到的“一”个人。
6．解析：由前文“我们看到一个小男孩独自站在那儿哭”，可知此处表示“我们走上前去问他发生了什么事情”。happen
to
sb.意为“某人发生了某事”。由went
over与asked使用了过去式可知，此处应用happened。
7．解析：由下文“我们帮助小男孩找到了他的妈妈”可知，此处应该是我们告诉他不要“担心”。worry
about
sth.意为“担心某事”。
8．解析：从上文的“我们联系了他的妈妈”和下文的“他的妈妈出现了”可知，此处应为20分钟“后”，即twenty
minutes
later。
9．解析：我们帮助小男孩找到了妈妈，他妈妈感谢的当然是“我们”，此处作thank的宾语，应用人称代词宾格us。
10．解析：everyone
can
reach
out
a
helping
hand
to
others(每个人都能向他人伸出援助之手)是the
world
around
us
will
be
more
and
more
harmonious(我们周围的世界将会越来越和谐)的条件，所以此处应用if(如果)引导条件状语从句。此处if放在句首，首字母要大写。
答案：
1．interest　　　2.with　　　3.took　　　4.tired
5．a
6.happened
7.worry
8.later
9．us
10.If
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。(2016，天津)
If
you
pay
a
visit
to
Liu
Hasheng's
restaurant
in
Harbin，you
will
find
18
robots
there.They
are
ready
to
serve
you
and
make
sure
that
your
dining
e__11__
is
perfect.After
the
visit，you
can
tell
others
that
the
robots
serving
customers
isn't
a
dream
any
more.
It's
wonderful
to
see
h__12__
the
18
robots
work
in
the
restaurant.The
wonder
s__13__
when
you
walk
in.You'll
see
a
robot
come
up
and
say，“Earth
person，hello！Welcome
to
the
Robot
Restaurant.”
When
you
have
ordered
your
m__14__，the
robots
in
the
kitchen
begin
to
do
the
cooking.After
the
food
is
p__15__，a
robot
waiter
will
glide
(滑行)
out
of
the
kitchen
to
serve
you
with
the
meal
you've
ordered.And
as
customers
enjoy
their
d__16__food，a
robot
sings
lovely
songs
for
them.
You
may
ask，“Where
did
all
these
robots
come
from？”
Liu
said
they
were
designed
(设计)
and
m__17__
by
the
Harbin
Haohai
Robot
Company.Liu
said
he
invested
(投资)
5
million
yuan
in
the
restaurant，with
each
robot
costing
200，000
yuan
to
300，000
yuan.And
the
w__18__
robot
team
is
managed
by
the
workers
in
the
computer
room.
After
a
busy
day，all
the
robots
will
go
for
a
“meal”，which
is
e__19__．After
5
hours，the
robots
can
continue
their
work
for
a
day.The
restaurant
now
provides
a
menu
with
more
than
30
dishes
(菜肴)，and
the
average
(平均)
cost
for
a
dinner
is
a__20__
40
to
50
yuan.Do
you
want
to
go
and
have
a
try
in
this
restaurant
11．experience　　12.how　　　　　　　13.starts
14．meal
15.prepared
16.delicious
17．made
18.whole/wonderful
19.electricity
20．about