2017最新高三总复习（专题攻略）之时态语态：动词的语态 Word版含解析

( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )1.
使用被动语态的情况
1)
不知道或没有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。
The
young
man
was
injured
in
the
car
accident.
这个年轻人在车祸中受伤了。
2)
需要强调动作的承受者时。
Books
and
newspapers
in
the
reading
room
mustn't
be
taken
away.
阅览室里的书籍和报纸是不允许被带走的。
3)
为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方时。
Everybody
is
expected
to
obey
the
following
rules.
每个人都应该遵守下列规则。
4)
动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时。
The
windows
were
broken
by
strong
wind.
窗户被大风刮坏了。
5)
有些习惯用法只以或常以被动语态形式出现。
I
am
determined
to
take
medicine.
我决定要服药。
2.
主动语态与被动语态的转化
1)
最基本的变化是将主动句的宾语变为被
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动句的主语，主动句的谓语变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”形式，主动句中的主语变为by结构，有时可省略。
We
will
discuss
the
plan
tomorrow.
我们明天讨论这个计划。
→The
plan
will
be
discussed
tomorrow(by
us).
这个计划明天讨论。
2)
谓语动词有两个宾语，变成被动语态时，通常将指人的间接宾语转化成主语，有时也可将指物的直接宾语转化成主语。
The
mother
gave
the
c
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hild
some
money.→The
child
was
given
some
money
(by
the
mother).
或Some
money
was
given
to
the
child(by
the
mother).
注意
用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to,
for等)，以加强间接宾语的语气。
They
awarded
him
the
Nobel
Prize.
他们颁给他了诺贝尔奖。
→The
Nobel
Prize
was
awarded
to
him.
诺贝尔奖颁给了他。
3)
谓语动词后跟复合宾语，变成被动语态时，宾语转化成主语，宾语补足语不变，但相应成为主语补足语。
They
painted
the
house
white.
他们把房子刷成白色的。
→The
house
was
painted
white(by
them).
房子被刷成了白色的。
4)
带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，通常用it来作为被动句的形式主语，谓语动词改为be
done结构，宾语从句保持不变。
They
said
that
he
had
gone
abroad
to
study
English.
他们说他去国外学英语了。
→It
was
said
that
he
had
gone
abroad
to
study
English.
据说他去国外学英语了。
3.
没有被动语态的动词
不及物动词，一些表示状态及拥有的及物动词，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )以及have,
get,
owe,
belong
to,
cost等动词或短语动词没有被动语态形式。
This
hall
can
hold
500
people.
这个大厅可以容纳500人。
The
house
belongs
to
my
uncle.
这座房子是我叔叔的。
His
careless
driving
cost
him
his
life.
他的粗心让他丧了命。
主动变被动时需注意
1.
主动语态中若宾语补足
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语是省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。即被动语态中无不定式省to的情况。此类动词为感官动词
feel,
hear,
help,
listen
to,
look
at,
make,
observe,
see,
notice,
watch。
The
teacher
made
me
go
out
of
the
classroom.
老师让我从教室里出去了。
→I
was
made
to
go
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut
of
the
classroom
(by
the
teacher).
我被（老师）从教室里请出去了。
We
saw
him
play
football
on
the
playground.
我们看见他在操场上踢足球。
→He
was
seen
to
play
football
on
the
playground.
有人看到他在操场踢足球。
2.
情态动词+be+过去分词，构成被动语态。
The
classroom
must
be
cleaned
every
day.
教室必须每天打扫。
短语动词的被动语态
短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
My
sister
will
be
taken
care
of
by
Grandma.
奶奶将照顾我妹妹。
Such
a
thing
has
never
been
heard
of
before.
这样的事情之前没有听说过。
表示"据说"或"相信"的词组
It
is
said
that…
据说
It
is
reported
that…
据报道
It
is
believed
that…大家相信
It
is
hoped
that…大家希望
It
is
well
known
that…
众所周知
It
is
thought
that…
大家认为
It
is
suggested
that…
据建议
It
is
taken
granted
that…
被视为当然
It
is
said
that
she
will
leave
for
Wuhan
on
Tuesday.
据说她周二去武汉。
It’s
taken
grante
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
that
the
children
should
take
care
of
their
old
parents.
子女照顾年老的父母，这是理所当然的事情。
主动形式表示被动意义
1.
wash,
clean,
c
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ook,
iron,
look,
cut,
sell,
read,
wear,
feel,
draw,
write,
sell,
drive…
The
book
sells
well.
这本书销路好。
This
knife
cuts
easily.
这刀子很好用。
2.
blame,
let(出租),
remain,
keep,
rent,
build...
I
was
to
blame
for
the
accident.
我应该为这起事故负责。
Much
work
remains.
还有很多工作没做。
3.
在need,
require,
want,
worth
(形容词),
deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式(但表被动含义)。
The
door
needs
repairing.=
The
door
needs
to
be
repaired.
门需要修理。
This
room
needs
cleaning.
这房间应该打扫一下。
This
book
is
worth
reading.
这本书值得一读。
被动形式表示主动意义
be
determined,
be
plea
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sed,
be
graduated
(from),
be
finished,
be
prepared
(for),
be
occupied
(in),
get
married...
He
is
graduated
from
a
famous
university.
他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry
sb.或get
married
to
sb.都可。
He
married
a
rich
girl.
他娶了个有钱的女人。
He
got
married
to
a
rich
girl.
他娶了个有钱的女人。
常见考法
1.
被动语态的各种时态；
2.
主动表被动。
误区提醒
1.
不能灵活、正确运用被动语态的各种时态；
2.
主动表被动的情况不熟悉。
小试牛刀
1.
The
teache
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
told
us
that
the
attraction
of
the
earth
for
all
bodies
________
gravity.
A.
is
called
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B.
called
C.
was
called
D.
are
called
2.
The
library
needs
________,
but
it''ll
have
to
wait
until
Sunday.
A.
cleaning
B.
be
cleaned
C.
clean
D.
being
cleaned
【答案及解析】
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