2017最新高三总复习（专题攻略）之时态语态：现在完成时 Word版含解析

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1.
表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常用recently,
lately,
ever,
never,
once,
before,
yet,
just等作时间状语。
He
hasn't
heard
any
news
from
his
son
lately.
他最近没有得到他儿子的任何信息。
Have
you
ever
been
to
London
你曾去过伦敦呢？
2.
表示开始于过去某一时刻，一直持续到现
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在而且还有可能继续下去的动作。常用so
far,
up
till
now,
since,
for
a
long
time,
in
the
past/last
few
years,
these
days等作时间状语。
So
far
no
life
has
been
found
outside
the
earth.
迄今为止，没有在地球外的星球上发现生命。
He
has
learned
5，000
English
words
since
he
went
to
college.
自从他上大学以来已经学会了5,000英语单词。
3.
“This/It
is＋the
＋序数词＋time
＋that...”句式中，that后的从句用现在完成时。
This
is
the
second
time
that
I
have
visited
the
university.
这是我第二次参观这所大学。
误区提醒
非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用，即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
I
haven''t
received
his
letter
for
almost
a
month.
我将近一个月都没有收到他的来信。
since与for用法比较
since
用来说明动作起始时间
for
用来说明动作延续时间长度
I
have
lived
here
for
more
than
twenty
years.
我在这里住了二十多年了。
I
have
lived
here
since
I
was
born..
我从出生起就住在这里。
My
aunt
has
worked
in
a
clinic
since
1949.
我姑姑从1949年开始一直在一个小诊所工作。
误区提醒
并非有for
作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I
worked
here
for
more
than
twenty
years.
我现在已不在这里工作。
I
have
worked
here
for
many
years.
现在我仍在这里工作。
延续动词与瞬间动词
1.
用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历；
瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
He
has
completed
the
work.
他已经完成了工作。(表结果)
I''ve
known
him
since
then.
从那时开始我知道了他。(表经历)
2.
用于till
/
until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……"；
瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"
He
didn''t
come
back
until
ten
o''clock.
直到十点钟他才回来。
He
slept
until
ten
o''clock.
他睡到了十点钟。
常见考法
1.
把考察放在从句中增加难度；
2.
和被动语态放在一起考察；
3.
根据状语确定时态；
4.
用现在完成时的句型。
误区提醒
1.
现在完成和一般过去弄混；
2.
现在完成时的句型不熟悉；
3.
不能根据状语选定现在完成时。
小试牛刀
1.
You
don’t
need
to
describe
her.
I
_______
her
several
times.
A.
had
met
B.
have
met
C.
met
D.
meet
2.
—I’m
sorry
to
keep
you
waiting.
—Oh,
not
at
all.
I
_______
here
only
a
few
minutes.
A.
have
been
B.
had
been
C.
was
D.
will
be
3.
—Do
you
know
our
town
at
all
—No,
this
is
the
first
time
I
_______
here.
A.
was
B.
have
been
C.
came
D.
am
coming
【答案及解析】
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