2026年云南省中考英语二轮专题复习 专题二十三 短文改错（十大错误类型·专项训练）（含答案）

2026 届云南省中考英语二轮专题复习
专题二十三：短文改错
考情分析·近三年命题趋势
短文改错是中考英语的常见题型，分值占比5%-8%，通常为一篇100-120词的短文，设10处错误。2023-2025年全国各地市真题卷显示，错误类型分布为：① 动词时态语态（20%）；② 名词单复数（15%）；③ 形容词副词（15%）；④ 冠词（10%）；⑤ 介词（10%）；⑥ 连词（10%）；⑦ 代词（8%）；⑧ 主谓一致（5%）；⑨ 非谓语动词（5%）；⑩ 固定搭配（2%）。本专题将十大错误类型分类讲解，并配以四篇完整的短文改错练习，帮助考生掌握短文改错的解题技巧。
十大常见错误类型
1. 动词时态语态错误
错误示例：Yesterday I go to the park. (go → went)
方法点拨：注意时间状语（yesterday, last week, tomorrow等）和上下文时态一致性。被动语态要注意be动词的正确形式。
2. 名词单复数错误
错误示例：There are many book on the desk. (book → books)
方法点拨：根据前面的修饰词（many, a few, several等）或谓语动词的单复数判断名词是否应用复数形式。注意不可数名词没有复数形式。
3. 形容词副词错误
错误示例：He runs very quick. (quick → quickly)
方法点拨：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词或全句。注意系动词（be, look, feel, taste等）后接形容词。
4. 冠词错误
错误示例：He is honest boy. (honest前加 an)
方法点拨：注意可数名词单数前通常要加冠词（a/an/the）。a用于辅音音素开头，an用于元音音素开头。特指用the。
5. 介词错误
错误示例：I will go to Beijing in Monday. (in → on)
方法点拨：时间介词（in/on/at）、地点介词（in/on/at/to）、方式介词（by/in/with）等的固定用法。注意动词短语中的介词搭配。
6. 连词错误
错误示例：He is tired, but he keeps working. (but → but 正确，注意逻辑关系)
方法点拨：根据上下文逻辑关系选择正确的连词（and, but, or, so, because, although等）。注意although与but不能连用，because与so不能连用。
7. 代词错误
错误示例：This is mine book. (mine → my)
方法点拨：形容词性物主代词（my, your, his）后接名词，名词性物主代词（mine, yours）单独使用。注意人称代词的主格宾格、反身代词的用法。
8. 主谓一致错误
错误示例：He go to school by bike. (go → goes)
方法点拨：主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。注意either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also等结构遵循就近原则。
9. 非谓语动词错误
错误示例：I enjoy to read books. (to read → reading)
方法点拨：enjoy, finish, practice等后接动名词；want, hope, decide等后接不定式；see, hear等感官动词后接do或doing。
10. 固定搭配错误
错误示例：I am interested on English. (on → in)
方法点拨：be interested in, look forward to, pay attention to等固定短语中的介词不能随意更改。
短文改错（一）记叙文
下面短文中有10处错误，每句最多两处。请找出并改正。
Yesterday was my birthday. I get up early and felt very exciting. My mother made a big breakfast for me. She cook my favorite food—noodles. After breakfast, I go to school. When I entered the classroom, my classmates all said "Happy birthday" to me. They also prepared a gift for me. It was a book which cover was very beautiful. I thanked they and felt very happy. After school, my parents took me to a restaurant to have a big dinner. We all enjoyed ourselves. This was a unforgettable birthday for me.
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短文改错（二）说明文
下面短文中有10处错误，每句最多两处。请找出并改正。
Health is very important to everyone. Here are some advices on how to keep healthy. First, we should eat healthy food. Eat more vegetables and fruit, and eat less junk food. Second, we should exercise regular. Running, swimming and play basketball are all good choices. Third, we need enough sleep. If we don't have enough sleep, we will feel tired in the daytime. Finally, we should keep happy. A happy mind is good for our health. Follow these tips, and you will be health.
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短文改错（三）应用文（书信）
下面短文中有10处错误，每句最多两处。请找出并改正。
Dear Lucy,
How are you I'm very glad to receive your letter. In your letter, you asked me about my school life. Now let me tell you something.
I'm in Grade 9 now. I have six class every day. My favorite subject is English. I think it's real interesting. After school, I often play basketball with my classmate. We also have many after-school activity, such as reading club and music club. I join the music club because I like sing.
What about your school life I'm looking forward to hear from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
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短文改错（四）议论文
下面短文中有10处错误，每句最多两处。请找出并改正。
Should students use mobile phone at school This is a hot topic. Some people think it's good. They say students can use them to search for informations. They can also keep in touch with their parents. But others disagree. They think using mobile phones in class have a bad influence on study. Students may play games or chat with friends in class. I think students should not use mobile phones in class. If they need to use them, they can use them after class. In this way, they can both study well and keep in touch with others.
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参考答案
短文改错（一）：
1. get → got (时态错误) 2. exciting → excited (形容词错误) 3. cook → cooked (时态错误) 4. go → went (时态错误) 5. which → whose (关系代词错误) 6. they → them (代词宾格错误) 7. √ 8. √ 9. a → an (冠词错误) 10. (无第十处，可视为有一处正确)
短文改错（二）：
11. advices → advice (名词单复数) 12. √ 13. healthy → health (词性错误) 14. regular → regularly (形容词副词错误) 15. play → playing (非谓语动词) 16. √ 17. √ 18.√ 19. Follow → Following (非谓语动词) 20. health → healthy (形容词作表语)
短文改错（三）：
21. √ 22. √ 23. class → classes (名词单复数) 24. real → really (形容词副词错误) 25. classmate → classmates (名词单复数) 26. activity → activities (名词单复数) 27. join → joined (时态错误) 28. sing → singing (非谓语动词) 29. hear → hearing (固定搭配) 30. √
短文改错（四）：
31. phone → phones (名词单复数) 32. informations → information (不可数名词) 33. √ 34. √ 35. have → has (主谓一致) 36. √ 37. √ 38. √ 39. √ 40. √
教学建议·短文改错突破策略
1. 分类掌握错误类型：将十大错误类型分别讲解，每个类型配以典型例句，让学生熟悉常见错误模式。
2. 通读全文把握大意：先快速阅读全文，了解文章大意，有助于发现逻辑错误和时态不一致问题。
3. 逐句分析，逐行排查：按照句子为单位，检查每个句子中是否存在上述类型的错误。注意每句可能有一到两处错误。
4. 常见错误口诀：“动词时态看时间，名词单数复判断；形修名副修动，冠词a/an/the分清；介词固定搭配记，连词逻辑要分明；代词指代需一致，主谓一致就近行；非谓动词看搭配，固定短语不能更。”
5. 错题本记录：让学生将改错中发现的错误按类型整理到错题本上，并写出正确形式，定期复习。
亲爱的同学，短文改错考查的是语言的精确性。掌握十大错误类型，细心检查，你一定能在这个题型上拿满分！中考在即，愿你沉着应战，金榜题名！
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