高考英语二轮复习阅读专题二第1节利用设空位置——上下求索课件

(共59张PPT)
第1节　利用设空位置——上下求索
技法探究 强化意识
【解题步骤】
第一步: 快速定位设空位置, 预判句子功能
　　段首句: 可能为段落标题、主题句或过渡句(衔接上下文)。
　　段中句: 多为细节支撑句(举例/数据/原因)或逻辑过渡句(连接句间关系)。
　　段尾句: 可能是总结句、补充信息句或引出下段的过渡句。
第二步: 针对不同位置执行 “上下求索” 策略
设空在段首(段首句)
若为段落标题: 需用短语或短句概括段落核心话题, 关键词匹配后文高频词。
若为主题句: 明确段落主旨, 通过后文细节提炼核心词。
若为过渡句: 承上启下, 呼应前文话题, 引出下文内容。
设空在段中(段中句)
找逻辑信号词: 因果(because/so)、转折(but/however)、递进(furthermore/ also)、例证(for example)。
关键词复现/同义替换: 设空需与上下文共享核心词。
设空在段尾(段尾句)
总结段落主旨: 用概括性语句收束内容。
补充额外信息: 与前文形成并列/递进。
引出下段话题: 用关键词过渡到下一段。
第三步: 代入选项验证, 排除干扰项
验证逻辑连贯性: 检查设空句与上下文是否存在因果、转折等逻辑关系。
确认关键词关联: 选项关键词是否在上下文中复现或同义替换。
排除无关选项: 若选项提到段落未涉及的新话题, 直接排除。
类型一　段首句
技法一 段落标题句
【典例展示】
(2025·浙江1月高考·节选)
·　39　
　　If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills.
A. Be patient.
B. Get the audience involved.
C. The best messages are often simple.
解题思维: 根据本段段意可知, 学习新知识的最佳方式莫过于传授知识, 可以邀请听众贡献自己的想法, 或者参与解释新概念和新政策。让他们主持讨论和会议, 以提升沟通技巧。所以B选项(让听众参与)符合段意, 空处是本段的大意, 故选　B　。
√
技法二 段落主题句
【典例展示】
(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
　　　38　 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
√
解题思维: 本段空后内容提到了词典的功能, 例如它应该给出每个单词的精确定义以及显示单词的发音。E选项(当然, 词典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)能引起下文有关词典其余功能的内容。故选　E　。
技法三 段落过渡句
【典例展示】
(2024·北京高考·节选)
　　According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.
　　　37　Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.
B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence.
D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing.
√
解题思维: 本题考查段落过渡句。前面段落所讲内容为拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备的优点: 他们可以专注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。又根据题目所在段落的大意: 拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错, 而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时, 他们不太可能意识到, 也不太可能承认自己错了。因此本段介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项中downside意为“缺点, 不利方面”, 选项意为: 但是把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面。故选　D　。
类型二　段中句
技法一 细节句
【典例展示】
(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
　　I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典). I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker. 　37　 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
√
解题思维: 上文提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器, 下文提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页, 说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文, 所以B选项(它不考虑上下文。)解释了上文的原因, 具有承上启下的作用。故选　B　。
技法二 过渡句
【典例展示】
(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷·节选)
　　Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. 　40　 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
√
解题思维: 前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点, 后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. ”表示这样做的感受, G选项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下, 符合语境。故选　G　。
类型三　段尾句
技法一 　段落主题句或总结句
【典例展示】
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
　　At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness. ” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 　38　
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
√
解题思维: 根据上文内容可知, 本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。这可能包括帮助朋友完成作业、主动帮忙熨衣服、为家人烤饼干等。F项“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. (无论是什么事, 无论看起来多微小, 都要把它写下来)”是对上文列举善举这一做法的总结。故选　F　。
技法二 段落过渡句
【典例展示】
(2023·北京高考·节选)
　　It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 　35　
　　When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
√
解题思维: 根据空前内容可知, 美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时, 经常求助于排名系统。而根据下段首句可知, 学生和家长常常惊讶地发现, 排名中并不考虑教学质量。选项D(然而, 排名忽略了一个关键因素: 教学质量。)过渡出来排名中存在的问题是教学质量往往被忽略。故选　D　。
技法三　补充信息句
【典例展示】
(2025·北京高考·节选)
　　While raising an adult is a parent’s job, it’s also our responsibility as a society
to ensure that we support schools that nurture(培养) emotional and identity
development. 　39　
A. It’s also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles.
B. They talk about someone’s inability to support themselves through work.
C. It’s being able to show understanding when communicating with others.
√
解题思维: 由上文可知, 虽然培养一个成年人是父母的责任, 但作为社会成员, 我们也有责任确保我们支持那些培养情感和身份认同发展的学校。因此, 本空应为上文的信息补充, 进一步描述社会在培养成年人方面的其他责任。A选项“支持需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人也是我们的责任。”能承接上文, 符合题意, 补充了社会在培养成年人方面的另一项责任。故选 　A　。
精练新题 提升素养
Passage 1
(2025·威海模拟)
　　Even the most dedicated, organized person will procrastinate(拖延) sometimes. While an occasional delay in action won’t always lead to chaos, procrastination can be an “evil beast” if allowed to take control. 　1　 Some hidden unmet needs cause us to procrastinate. Addressing the one that’s blocking you can put you back on track.
　　·The need for quick action
　　Procrastination often happens when tasks feel big and complex. It’s common to switch your attention to something small, like an email, for quick satisfaction. 　2　 It’s a good idea to break down the big task into smaller pieces. What you really need is the motivation to start. Once you’re started, motivation is like a wheel already rolling down the hill. Take action that gets you going.
　　·The need to find the best way
　　　3　 Knowing where to start is a matter of narrowing it down to the best choice. The analysis often causes paralysis(停滞), which is a form of procrastination. Try narrowing down the options for starting to three things that are interesting to you. Choose one to start with to move toward accomplishment more quickly.
　　·The need to create order out of chaos
　　Some people also struggle to find the “right” way—a need to make sure everything is perfect and done in the exact correct order. You can become stuck because the path forward can feel chaotic. 　4　 Then, put the list in the most logical order. It can also be helpful to think of what might go wrong to ensure everything gets noticed.
　　These unmet needs that cause procrastination are often related to our personality type. 　5　 By determining what’s stopping you, you can understand exactly what you need to get out of first gear and into drive.
A. Narrowing is really about focus.
B. Big projects can have plenty of options.
C. This shift increases motivation and influence.
D. Push through by listing what needs to be done.
E. And they boil down to needs for action, perfection and structure.
F. The key to dealing with procrastination is figuring out what’s behind it.
G. Even if it seems productive, it’s holding you back from more meaningful work.
【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何应对拖延症。
1. 【解析】选F。根据空处前文可知, 偶尔拖延虽不一定导致混乱, 但若放任不管, 拖延症就会成为“邪恶野兽”。此外, 空后指出拖延背后有隐藏的未被满足的需求, 解决问题需找到阻碍因素。F项(处理拖延症的关键在于弄清楚它背后的东西)符合语境, 承上启下, 点明“探寻根源”的核心思路。故选F。
2. 【解析】选G。根据空处前文可知, 面对庞大复杂的任务时, 人们常转向小事(如回邮件)获取即时满足。又根据空处后文可知, 提出“分解大任务”的建议。G项(即使它看似高效, 但实际上会阻碍你完成更有意义的工作)符合语境, 其中“它”指代前文“转移注意力到小事”的行为, 既批判该现象的弊端, 又引出后文对策。故选G。
3. 【解析】选B。根据空处下文可知, “知道从哪里开始需要将选择范围缩小到最佳选项, 分析过多会导致停滞。”因此, 本段围绕“大项目选项繁多导致无从下手”展开, 空处位于段首, 需点明问题根源。B项(大项目往往有很多选择)符合语境, 与后文“缩小范围”形成因果逻辑。故选B。
4. 【解析】选D。根据空处前文可知, 因前进道路混乱而停滞不前。又根据空处后文“然后将清单按最合理顺序排列”可知, 此处需提出第一步行动。D项(通过列出需要完成的任务克服这种困境)符合语境, “列出任务”与后文“排列清单”构成连贯的步骤序列。故选D。
5. 【解析】选E。根据空处前文可知, 导致拖延的未被满足需求与性格类型相关。空后强调“明确阻碍因素”的重要性。E项(它们可以归结为对行动、完美和结构的需求)符合语境, “它们”指代前文“需求”, 并将其归纳为三类(对应三个段落主题), 起到总结上文、衔接下文的作用。故选E。
外刊原创 高考同源
Passage 2
　　Today, many young people feel a lot of pressure when choosing a job for the future. Friends, family, and even social media can strongly influence their decisions. But it’s important for students to choose a suitable path.
　　Peer pressure plays a big role in job choices. 　1　If many people around you believe that jobs in technology are the most successful, you might feel you have to follow that path too. This pressure can make you forget true interests.
　　　2　 Some parents may want their children to become doctors, lawyers, or engineers because they think these jobs are secure or bring more respect. While parents often mean well, their ideas might not match what their children really want or are good at. 　3　 However, it is also vital to follow your own heart.
　　Social media can also make people feel confused. When we see others online showing off exciting careers or lots of money, we might start to believe that only those jobs are good enough. But social media often shows only the best parts of a job—not the hard work behind it. 　4　
　　Lastly, the best path is one that fits who you are. 　5　All jobs are important, and success can look different for everyone. In the end, choosing a job is a big decision, but it should be your own.
A. It’s never too late to have a try.
B. Listening to advice is important.
C. Family expectations can be strong.
D. Young men always follow parents’ wishes.
E. It’s easy to forget that every career has challenges.
F. Think about what kind of life you want to live.
G. Sometimes you have to do what others are doing.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 主要叙述的是如何正确看待同辈压力。
1. 【解析】选G。 根据空前 “同辈压力在职业选择中起很大作用” 及空后 “周围人认为科技行业最成功, 你可能也觉得必须跟随” 可知, 此处需体现 “被迫随大流” 的现象。G 项 “有时你不得不做别人在做的事” 符合语境, “do what others are doing” 直接呼应 “follow that path”, 展现同辈压力下的行为模式。故选 G。
2. 【解析】选C。 根据空后 “一些父母可能希望孩子成为医生、律师或工程师, 因为他们认为这些工作稳定或更受尊重” 可知, 本段聚焦 “家庭期望” 对职业选择的影响。C 项 “家庭期望可能很强烈” 符合语境, 作为段首句概括核心话题, 与后文 “parents may want their children to. . . ” 形成直接衔接。故选 C。
3. 【解析】选B。 根据空前 “父母的想法可能与孩子真正想要的或擅长的不匹配” 及空后 “但追随自己的内心也至关重要” 可知, 此处需平衡 “听取建议” 与 “自主选择”。B 项 “听取建议很重要” 符合语境, 与后文 “However” 形成转折关系, 既肯定父母建议的价值, 又为 “follow your own heart”作铺垫。故选 B。
4. 【解析】选E。 根据空前 “社交媒体常展示工作的最佳部分, 而非背后的努力” 可知, 此处需指出社交媒体的误导性——忽视职业挑战。E 项 “人们很容易忘记每个职业都有挑战” 符合语境, “forget that every career has challenges” 直接回应 “shows only the best parts of a job”, 揭示盲目跟风的认知偏差。故选 E。
5. 【解析】选F。 根据空前 “最佳职业道路是适合自己的” 及空后 “所有工作都很重要, 成功因人而异” 可知, 此处需具体说明 “如何找到适合自己的道路”。F 项 “想想你想过什么样的生活” 符合语境, 通过 “生活愿景” 引导职业选择, 与 “fits who you are” 形成逻辑呼应, 强调自我认知的重要性。故选 F。
【备选习题】
Passage
(2025·宜宾模拟)
　　Hiking, a form of exercise older than exercise itself, is so hot right now. 　1　 Hiking allows them to connect with nature.
　　Hiking offers all the cardiovascular(心血管的) benefits of walking, but the rough road does more to strengthen the leg and core muscles, which in turn boosts balance and stability. 　2　 If you want to build upper-body strength, you can wear a weighted backpack and use trekking poles.
　　　3　 One small 2015 study found that people who walked in nature for 90 minutes were less likely to be at a risk factor for depression—than those who walked in an urban environment. Even short hikes can reduce tension and improve mood.
　　Choosing the right trail can make your experience more enjoyable. Some trails are easy and suitable for beginners, while others are more challenging. 　4　 Many experienced hikers suggest starting with well-marked paths before attempting more difficult routes.
　　While the rewards are great, hiking does carry some risks. Taking a few simple safety precautions can help to ensure you get back safe and sound. Hiking alone can be peaceful, but it is often safer to go with a group or a friend. Leave a note on your car dashboard with your route so if you’re not back by sunset, rangers will know where to find you. To avoid injury, don’t push yourself too hard or fast through more challenging trails. 　5　
A. Spending time in nature is linked to lower stress.
B. It also generally burns more calories than walking.
C. Wearing proper hiking shoes can improve comfort.
D. A growing number of people prefer to hit the trails.
E. Remember: the point is to see the views and smell the flowers.
F. Checking the trail’s difficulty in advance is vital to ensure a suitable trip.
G. Unlike run, hiking lets people slow down and admire their surroundings.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 主要介绍了徒步旅行的相关要点。
1. 【解析】选D。根据上文 “徒步旅行是一种比运动本身更古老的运动形式, 现在非常流行” 和下文 “徒步旅行让他们与大自然建立联系” 可知, 空处需衔接 “流行” 与 “人们喜爱” 的因果关系。D项 “越来越多的人喜欢徒步旅行” 符合语境, 既呼应 “hot right now”, 又引出后文 “connect with nature”。故选D。
2. 【解析】选B。根据上文 “徒步旅行提供步行对心血管的所有益处, 且崎岖道路更能增强腿部和核心肌肉” 和下文 “若想增强上半身力量, 可背加重背包或用登山杖” 可知, 空处应补充徒步旅行相较于步行的其他优势。B项 “它通常也比步行燃烧更多的卡路里” 符合语境, “It” 指代 “徒步旅行”, 通过 “燃烧卡路里” 进一步对比两者差异, 衔接上下文。故选B。
3. 【解析】选A。根据下文 “2015 年一项小规模研究发现, 在自然中散步 90 分钟的人比在城市环境中散步者患抑郁症风险更低” 可知, 空处需概括 “自然环境与情绪改善” 的关联。A项 “花时间在大自然中与较低的压力有关” 符合语境, 以 “较低压力” 对应研究结论中的 “抑郁风险更低”, 引出后文论据。故选A。
4. 【解析】选F。根据上文 “有些小径很容易走, 适合徒步新手, 另一些则更具挑战性” 和下文 “有经验的徒步者建议先从标记清晰的路线开始” 可知, 空处需强调 “选择合适路线” 的重要性。F项 “提前检查路线的难度对确保一次合适的旅行至关重要” 符合语境, “Checking the trail’s difficulty” 承接上文 “难度差异”, “ensure a suitable trip” 引出后文 “从标记清晰的路线起步” 的建议。故选F。
5. 【解析】选E。根据上文 “为避免受伤, 不要在有挑战性的路线上过于急功近利” 可知, 空处需进一步阐释徒步的核心目的, 而非单纯追求速度或难度。E项 “记住: 重点是要看风景, 闻花香” 符合语境, 以 “享受自然” 呼应 “避免过度消耗”, 承接上文并点明徒步的本质意义。故选E。
反复精读 识记积累
障碍词语 chaos n. 混乱, 无序(Passage 1)
peer pressure 同辈压力(指同龄人之间因互相比较或从众心理产生的压力)(Passage 2)
dashboard n. (汽车的)仪表盘;(文中指)车内中控台(用于放置物品的平面)(Passage)
熟词生义 address 常见义: n. 地址 v. 写地址　文中义: v. 处理, 设法解决(问题)(Passage 1)
match 常见义: n. 比赛;火柴 文中义: v. 匹配, 符合(指想法、能力与需求一致)(Passage 2)
hit 常见义: v. 击打;命中　文中义: v. 前往, 去(某个地方)
boost 常见义: v. 推动, 促进(经济、信心等)　文中义: v. 增强(身体机能)(Passage)
长难句分析 By determining what’s stopping you, you can understand exactly what you need to get out of first gear and into drive.
分析: By determining what’s stopping you为介词短语作方式状语, 其中 “what’s stopping you” 是宾语从句。what you need to get out of first gear and into drive作 understand 的宾语, 其中 “to get out of first gear and into drive” 是不定式短语作后置定语, 修饰 need。
翻译: 通过确定是什么在阻碍你, 你就能确切地理解自己需要做什么来摆脱停滞状态, 进入前进状态。(Passage 1)
长难句分析 Hiking, a form of exercise older than exercise itself, is so hot right now.
分析: 主干: Hiking is so hot right now. 同位语: a form of exercise older than exercise itself(解释说明 “Hiking”, 其中 “older than exercise itself” 作后置定语修饰 “a form of exercise”)
翻译: 徒步旅行, 一种比运动本身更古老的运动形式, 现在非常流行。(Passage)