高考英语二轮复习阅读专题一第5节细说文体——洞悉体裁特点掌握四种方法课件

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第5节　细说文体——洞悉体裁特点 掌握四种方法
　　高考英语阅读理解试题的素材, 主要是应用文、记叙文(含夹叙夹议)、说明文和议论文等。了解不同文体的文本特点和命题思路, 从文体角度提高考生阅读技能, 实现快速解答不同文体的阅读理解, 进而突破阅读高分瓶颈。
技法探究 强化意识
常考文体特征概览
文本特点 高频考点 解题技巧
应
用
文 1. 结构清晰: 分条目、小标题、加粗/斜体突出关键信息
2. 语言简练: 多省略句、祈使句, 甚至短语
3. 目的明确: 提供实用信息或号召行动 1. 细节查找(时间/地点/要求等)
2. 写作目的(如推广、招募等)
3. 文本类型或出处 先题后文:
1. 扫读定位: 直接跳读题干关键词, 到原文对应位置
2. 注意格式: 表格、项目符号、大写单词常含答案
文本特点 高频考点 解题技巧
记
叙
文 1. 六要素: When/Where/Who/ What/Why/How
2. 时间线索: 注意倒叙和插叙
3. 情感表达: 含人物对话、心理描写、修辞手法 1. 事件排序
2. 人物情感或动机
3. 主旨寓意 抓住主线:
1. 厘清顺序和脉络
2. 抓住故事的低潮→高潮→矛盾点
3. 理解主人公的感悟和故事的启迪
文本特点 高频考点 解题技巧
说
明
文 1. 结构模式化: 总—分—总结构, 每段有主题句
2. 方法多样: 下定义、举例子、列数据、作比较
3. 语言客观: 多长难句、专业术语 1. 概念定义
2. 流程步骤
3. 态度和趋势 关注行文:
1. 找主题句: 通常为段落首句或尾句
2. 标记逻辑词: 因果、转折、递进、对比、让步等
3. 转换专业词: 用通用词概述专业词
文本特点 高频考点 解题技巧
议
论
文 1. 观点鲜明: 论点(thesis statement)多在首段
2. 论证方法: 举例、引用专家观点、对比论证
3. 反驳/对立观点: 可能出现However, critics argue. . . 1. 作者立场(支持/反对/中立)
2. 论据论证(如“The quote in Paragraph 2 is used to. . . ”)
3. 不同观点(如“Opponents believe that. . . ”) 紧随论点:
1. 三要素定位: (论点、论据、论证)
2. 态度词标记: 支持、反对、客观等
3. 避免绝对化: 慎选含always/never的选项
常考文体典例分析
文体一　应用文
【考查类型】
　　应用文种类繁多, 常考的有: 广告和招聘、通知和启事、宣传和介绍等。试题以细节理解题为主, 偶尔考查推理判断题。
【解题步骤】
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国四个值得一游的市场小镇及其特色和亮点。
21. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据Hereford, Herefordshire部分中“The Hereford Cathedral is the most impressive building in town. It’s also home to an ancient library. One of the four original copies of the Magna Carta is displayed there. ”可知, 在赫里福德大教堂可以找到《大宪章》的原件。故选C。
22. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据Shrewsbury, Shropshire部分中“The River Severn has a significant turn through town, almost making an island of Shrewsbury Town Center. The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. ”可知, 塞文河环绕小镇中心形成半岛状, 即“几乎被水环绕”。故选B。
23. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据Mevagissey, Cornwall部分中“Don’t leave the harbor without a traditional Cornish pie. It’s delicious. ”可知, 作者建议游客在梅瓦吉西一定要尝尝康沃尔馅饼。故选A。
文体二　记叙文
【考查类型】
　　记叙文以叙述为主, 常以人物、故事、时间、地点等发展变化为线索, 结尾往往有升华或启示。常见的考查类型有: 消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性散文等。
【解题步骤】
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了邮递员吉姆·约翰逊在工作中热心帮助邻里, 与大家建立了深厚的感情。在他退休33年后, 作者依然记得他, 表达了对他的怀念。
24. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段内容推知, 吉姆·约翰逊是一个热心肠的人。故选C。
25. 【解析】选B。 词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句“Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on. ”可知, 前后句是转折关系, 后半句说对当地邮政服务的信任依然存在, 那么前半句应该是说邮政服务现在常被批评, 由此表明, 邮政服务经常被看不起或批评。由此可知, 画线词disparaged与“Criticized(批评)”意思相近。故选B。
26. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中“At every stop, Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memories. ”可知, 吉姆在工作的最后几天除了每天送货外, 还向邻居们告别。故选D。
27. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段可知, 文章主要讲述了吉姆·约翰逊这位邮递员在工作中热心帮助邻里, 与大家建立了深厚的感情, 在他退休33年后, 作者依然记得他, 表达了对他的怀念。由此推知, 作者写这篇文章的目的是纪念一位受人尊敬的邮递员。故选A。
文体三　说明文
【考查类型】
　　说明文重在介绍事物或阐明道理, 常常采用如下方式: 定义概念、分析事理、介绍成果、对比分类、描述过程等。文章结构清晰, 段落分明, 做题时可从分析篇章结构入手。
【解题步骤】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球, 甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现, 将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质, 但揭示了一种潜在的解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出, 该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性, 并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。
32. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知, 作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。
33. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate. . . boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. ”可知, 决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。
34. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1, 000 times more microplastics than originally thought. ”可推断, 作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。
35. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“‘The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice, ’ Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. ‘We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics. ’”可推知, Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用, 即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。
文体四　议论文
【考查类型】
常考议论文的论证模式:
1. Put forward a question→Analyze the question →Solve the question即提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。
2. Argument/Idea→Evidence→Conclusion/Restating the idea即提出论点、摆出论据、 强调结论/重申论点。
【解题步骤】
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考, 接着阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点, 最后提出了写出好的结局的重要性并介绍了Writer’s Digest杂志如何帮助作家写出更好的结局。
32. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中“‘I didn’t like the ending, ’ I said to my favorite college professor. . . . I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. ”可知, 作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A。
33. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段“From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery. One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier. ”可知, 见过格雷西教授后, 作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选C。
34. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段可知, 人们对一个好结局的期望是结局不能显得凭空而来, 要适合角色的设定, 也就是符合故事的发展。故选B。
35. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知, 作者提到彼得·蒙福德和伊丽莎白·西姆斯是为了强调这期杂志的主题, 即帮助读者写出更好的结局。故选B。
精练新题 提升素养
Passage 1(应用文)
(2025·福州模拟)
Reach for the Stars
　　Astronomy is a subject that integrates various fields, from physics and mathematics to chemistry and biology. By studying the universe, students gain a comprehensive view of science and see how different fields interconnect. This promotes a deeper understanding of the world around them.
　　That’s where Space Science Learning Club(SSLC) steps in. SSLC is an after-school astronomy club for school students. At SSLC, we are passionate about inspiring the next generation of space explorers. Our goal is to help children unlock their potential with astronomy and space science, no matter their age or background.
　　Led by Learning Coach Vinod Kumar, a NASA certified trainer, our sessions are tailored to each student’s individual needs, providing them with the knowledge and skills to awaken their e and join us on a journey to the stars.
Program Schedule:
　　·Each class will be for a period of 3 hours after school hours. 1 class every week.
　　·Classes are 60% application and 40% theory.
　　·Classes focus on both activity-based and play-driven learning.
Week 1 Naked Eye: Astronomy Night Sky Watch
Week 2 Ancient Astronomy: Tools of Ancient Astronomers
Week 3 Hands-on Astronomy: Create Observation Tools by Yourself!
Week 4 Introduction to Stars: Make Your Own Star Chart
Week 5 Digital Astronomy Introduction
Program Highlights:
√ On-site interaction with astronomers
√ FREE access to web-based learning
√ 10+ hours of classroom training
√ On-call coaching assistance for assignments
√ Worksheets for every class
√ One star observing session through telescope
　　FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL US AT 9360841234
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍太空科学学习俱乐部(SSLC)的目标、课程安排及项目亮点。
1. What is the purpose of the Space Science Learning Club
A. To enrich students’ after-class life.
B. To meet the needs of all students.
C. To inspire future space explorers.
D. To improve students’ academics.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At SSLC, we are passionate about inspiring the next generation of space explorers. Our goal is to help children unlock their potential with astronomy and space science, no matter their age or background. ”可知, 该俱乐部旨在激励下一代太空探索者。故选C。
√
2. In which week can students DIY their star maps
A. Week 2. 　　 B. Week 3.
C. Week 5. D. Week 4.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据Program Schedule表格中的“Week 4　Introduction to Stars: Make Your Own Star Chart”可知, 学生在第4周可以DIY星图。故选D。
√
3. What is this text
A. A club brochure. B. An advertisement.
C. A news report. D. A project planning.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章的简介、课程安排、课程亮点以及咨询电话等可知, 这是一篇广告。故选B。
√
Passage 2(记叙文)
(2025·长沙模拟)
　　My fingers trembled as I signed the pre-medical application form. The watercolor brushes on my desk stared back at me like abandoned friends. I’m Lora, an 18-year-old who secretly drew brain diagrams on napkins while classmates drew cartoons. “Art feeds the soul but starves the body, ” Mom always said. Her words haunted(萦绕) me as my biology textbooks slowly buried my drawing pads.
　　Then came the school career fair that changed everything. Dr. Eleanor Whitman from Harvard asked us to list our “hidden skills”. My hand shook as I wrote “observing details”—something I’d learned from painting flower petals(花瓣). “That’s medical research’s most needed skill!” she exclaimed, sharing how a student turned microbiology notes into textbook illustrations. My lab partner whispered, “Remember our photosynthesis(光合作用) comic ” For the first time, my two worlds didn’t feel so separate.
　　The real surprise came during hospital volunteering. Watching surgeries, I noticed something—the steady hands of doctors reminded me of my brushwork. When a boy struggled to describe his pain, I drew a fire-breathing dragon on his cast. “You made medicine speak, ” the nurse said. Slowly, my drawing pads filled with cells that looked like colored-glass art and X-rays arranged like abstract paintings.
　　Mr Dawson, our career counselor, helped connect these dots. On his whiteboard, my medical knowledge and art skills overlapped in a bright yellow circle labeled “Medical Illustration”. He showed me job listings I never knew existed—graphic designers for science apps, 3D modelers for anatomy(解剖) classes. “Your ‘impractical’ skill makes you stand out, ” he said, pointing to my dragon drawing now used in pain management workshops.
　　Today, my microscope and paintbrushes share the same desk. The same hands that once hesitated between them now create 3D models of viruses for vaccine education. Sometimes I teach young patients to draw their feelings instead of describing them. My story isn’t about heart and reality canceling each other out—they just multiply possibilities.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Lora在艺术和医学学习
之间感到纠结, 后来在学校职业招聘会、医院志愿者活动等经历的影响下,
发现自己的艺术技能在医疗领域有独特的作用, 从而将两者结合起来的故
事。
1. What can be inferred about Lora from Paragraph 1
A. She had given up the hobby of drawing.
B. She was excited about studying medicine.
C. She felt torn between art and medical study.
D. She regretted not practicing painting earlier.
√
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段“I’m Lora, an 18-year-old who secretly drew brain diagrams on napkins while classmates drew cartoons. ‘Art feeds the soul but starves the body, ’ Mom always said. Her words haunted me as my biology textbooks slowly buried my drawing pads. ”可知, Lora在艺术和医学学习之间难以抉择, 感到很纠结。故选C。
2. Dr. Eleanor thought of Lora’s “hidden skills” as 　　　.
A. a plus B. a leisure
C. a distraction D. a burden
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段“Dr. Eleanor Whitman from Harvard asked us to list our ‘hidden skills’. My hand shook as I wrote ‘observing details’—something I’d learned from painting flower petals. ‘That’s medical research’s most needed skill!’ she exclaimed, sharing how a student turned microbiology notes into textbook illustrations. ”可知, Dr. Eleanor认为Lora的“隐藏技能”是一个优势。故选A。
√
3. How did Lora’s hospital experience influence her
A. It helped develop her surgical skills.
B. It directed her toward doctor training.
C. It boosted her enthusiasm for abstract art.
D. It convinced her of art’s role in healthcare.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段“Watching surgeries, I noticed something—the steady hands of doctors reminded me of my brushwork. When a boy struggled to describe his pain, I drew a fire-breathing dragon on his cast. ‘You made medicine speak, ’ the nurse said. ”可知, Lora在医院的经历让她确信艺术在医疗保健中有作用。故选D。
√
4. What message does the author want to convey
A. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
B. A picture is worth a thousand words.
C. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.
D. No skill is ever wasted.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知, 文章主要通过作者的经历证明了拥有两种技能(艺术和医学知识)可以带来更多可能性。所以文章传递了“技多不压身”的主旨。故选D。
√
Passage 3(说明文)
(2025·沈阳模拟)
　　Cutting carbon emissions(排放) is not enough to keep global warming to less than 1. 5℃—the goal of the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change. Not anymore, at least. As a result, hundreds of start-ups trying to remove greenhouse gases from the air and water have sprung up within the past few years. While land-based carbon dioxide removal projects have been undergoing testing and development for decades, ocean-based carbon dioxide removal is more recent in the push to fight against climate change. And one of the leaders in that field—Equatic—is about to increase its efforts in a big way.
　　What began three years ago as a US Department of Energy-funded research project out of the University of California Los Angeles has already grown into a pair of pilot projects in Los Angeles and Singapore. And now, the company has its sights set on building a massive marine carbon capture(海洋碳捕获) facility in Quebec.
　　The process for capturing carbon begins by pumping seawater into a tank and then using an electrical current to break down the water into oxygen(O2) and hydrogen(H2) gases and a solution, which is then reacted with the air, pulling carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and chemically transforming it into two byproducts. One, calcium carbonate, is a white powder. The other is a solution that gets released back into the ocean.
　　The proposed Quebec plant differs significantly from Equatic’s existing facilities. Its Singaporean pilot facility can process 4, 000 tonnes of carbon each year. The planned Quebec facility, meanwhile, will be capable of processing 110, 000 tonnes annually—about as much carbon as is emitted by 24, 000 cars.
　　Ultimately, though, the young industry is full of uncertainties. So far, research on marine carbon removal has been based on lab experiments and trials. So as Equatic’s planned Quebec plant moves ahead, scientists will be watching to learn more about its environmental impact and about just how effective marine carbon dioxide removal can really be.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为应对气候变化, 一些致力于从空气和水中去除温室气体的初创企业涌现, 其中 Equatic 在海洋碳捕获领域较为领先。
1. What can we know about Equatic from the first two paragraphs
A. It started as a university research project.
B. It is a land-based carbon dioxide removal project.
C. It has undergone tests for decades.
D. It is a start-up located in Quebec.
√
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段“What began three years ago as a US Department of Energy-funded research project out of the University of California Los Angeles has already grown into a pair of pilot projects in Los Angeles and Singapore. ”可知, Equatic 最初是一个大学研究项目。故选A。
2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. Environmental impacts of carbon removal.
B. Comparative analysis of removal methods.
C. Economic advantages of Quebec facility.
D. Equatic’s carbon capture mechanism.
【解析】选D。段落大意题。根据第三段“The process for capturing carbon begins by pumping seawater into a tank and then using an electrical current to break down the water into oxygen(O2) and hydrogen(H2) gases and a solution, which is then reacted with the air, pulling carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and chemically transforming it into two byproducts. ”可知, 第三段详细介绍了 Equatic 捕获碳的具体步骤和机制。故选D。
√
3. What sets the proposed Quebec plant apart
A. Its location. 　　　　 B. Its capacity.
C. Its priority. D. Its partnership.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段“The proposed Quebec plant differs significantly from Equatic’s existing facilities. Its Singaporean pilot facility can process 4, 000 tonnes of carbon each year. The planned Quebec facility, meanwhile, will be capable of processing 110, 000 tonnes annually” 可知, 魁北克工厂的独特之处在于其处理碳的能力。故选B。
√
4. What is the author’s perspective on marine carbon removal
A. It’s energy-intensive.
B. It’s a permanent fix.
C. It’s down-to-the-ground.
D. It’s an open question.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段可推断, 作者认为海洋碳去除仍是一个有待进一步研究的开放性问题。故选D。
√
Passage 4(议论文)
(2025·浙江模拟)
　　Human beings have a fundamental need to belong. Yet we are living in a time of loneliness and isolation. A lack of social connection can have negative consequences for both our mental and physical health. To encourage the feelings of connectedness, recent studies suggest that experiential purchases, such as travel, meals at restaurants and recreation, tend to bring people more happiness than material ones, and can promote a greater sense of social connection.
　　In a series of 13 experiments involving 1, 980 participants, researchers asked people to think about either experiential or material purchases they had made and then rate their thoughts and feelings about those purchases. People reported feeling more connected with those who had made the same experiential purchase than those who had made the same material purchase. This reflects the fact that experiential purchases are more central to an individual’s identity.
　　Moreover, these findings apply even when people think about how their experiences differ. Even in cases where participants were asked to consider a situation in which they met someone making a similar but better experiential or material purchase, experiences were more likely to foster connection between people than material items were. Although the unpleasant social comparison can create a sense of social distance, this distance feels less wide when it comes to experiential purchases. That’s because it’s easier for people to find common ground and feel kinship with someone else over their similar experiences.
　　Finally, after people think about a joyous experience, they express a greater desire to engage in social activities than they do after they reflect on an important possession. As experiences bond us with others, they provide memories of such bond that people can revisit. These memories, in turn, can encourage engagement in even more sociality.
　　One clear takeaway from this research is that people would likely be wise to shift their spending habit from “having” to “doing”. Also, the research hints that directing resources toward more community engagement might drive improvements in societal well-being.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了体验式购买相比物质购
买更能促进社交连接和幸福感, 并通过一系列实验研究论证了这一观点, 最
终建议人们将消费习惯从“拥有”转向“参与”, 并鼓励社区参与以提升社会福
祉。
1. Which can be an example of experiential purchases
A. Watching a paid magic show.
B. Claiming free food samples.
C. Reading fiction in a library.
D. Purchasing a trendy T-shirt.
√
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第一段“To encourage the feelings of connectedness, recent studies suggest that experiential purchases, such as travel, meals at restaurants and recreation, tend to bring people more happiness than material ones, and can promote a greater sense of social connection. ”可推知, 体验式购买是参与活动或经历。选项A “看付费魔术表演”是体验式购买的典型例子。故选A。
2. What does the underlined word “kinship” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. A shared family background.
B. A sense of emotional closeness.
C. A tendency to be competitive.
D. A desire to purchase the same things.
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Although the unpleasant social comparison can create a sense of social distance, this distance feels less wide when it comes to experiential purchases. That’s because it’s easier for people to find common ground and feel kinship with someone else over their similar experiences. ”可知, 体验式购买时, 这种社会距离感就没那么大, 即较为亲近, 所以kinship 表示情感上的亲近感。故选B。
√
3. What can be learned about experiential purchases
A. They are better for mental development.
B. They create unpleasant social comparisons.
C. They contribute to widening social distance.
D. They encourage engagement in social events.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章第四段可推知, 体验式购买会鼓励参与社交活动。故选D。
√
4. What are people advised to do according to the text
A. Reflecting on our consumption preference.
B. Setting rules to limit unnecessary spending.
C. Encouraging community engagement.
D. Exploiting more resources in community.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章第五段可推知, 文章鼓励社区参与。故选C。
√
外刊原创 高考同源
Passage 5
　　In my day job, I run a lab for research and development in AI for law enforcement and community safety. We’re preoccupied with building what’s described as “technology for social good”. Yes, it’s an old description, but it does show another side, that is, the misuse of AI technology is growing fast.
　　Emily Bender and Alex Hanna invited us to get real with their well-researched and entertaining book, The AI Con. They acknowledged early in the book that properly constructed and helpful AI systems do exist. But a dominant, confusing cycle of AI “hype(炒作) and harm” has also been at play. This includes the support from AI boosters and some tech leaders. Meanwhile, various harms are increasingly rained down on those affected by inappropriate use of the technology.
　　Fundamentally, a lot of the hype around AI is facilitated by the fact that artificial intelligence is such a slippery concept. In fact, many AI practitioners give up trying to define it, and I’ve heard plenty of them say things along the lines of “the definition doesn’t really matter”. But of course, it matters. If people can’t agree on a concrete definition of a thing, that thing is an easy tool for deceiving people.
　　Bender and Hanna reveal the true meaning of AI—a marketing term. In the selling, it can be made out to be any number of things. It would be much better, they argue, to use labels describing the specific purpose of a particular AI. And usually this is something that would be best described as automation.
　　The human-looking outputs of today’s chatbots(only one type of “AI”) can be so realistic that some people start talking to these systems as if they are human. Bender and Hanna caution strongly against doing this with AI because it means falling into the trap of equating human with computational reductionism. So, next time you hear someone say they asked for ChatGPT’s “opinion”, keep this in mind.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文, 谈论了AI这个很难定义的术语被人夸大作用, 给人们带来负面的影响。
1. What do Bender and Hanna think of AI
A. It is harmful. 　　　 B. It is dominant.
C. It is overly hyped. D. It is very helpful.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中“But a dominant, confusing cycle of AI ‘hype and harm’ has also been at play. ”可知, Bender和Hanna认为AI是被过分炒作了。故选C。
√
2. What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “deceiving” in Paragraph 3
A. Misleading. B. Accepting.
C. Persuading. D. Rewarding.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。上文提到许多从业者放弃给AI定义, 作者认为这样不妥, 认为给AI定义很重要, 如果没有固定的定义, 就会导致上文提到的AI被炒作、被利用, 也就是被用作误导人的工具。故选A。
√
3. What is the author’s attitude toward computational reductionism
A. Supportive. B. Negative.
C. Objective. D. Unclear.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中对computational reductionism的描述“falling into the trap”可知, 作者对计算还原论的态度是否定的。故选B。
√
4. What can be the best title of this text
A. What Exactly Is AI
B. What Can AI Be Used for
C. How to Define AI
D. How Can AI Be of Help
√
【解析】选A。标题归纳题。根据文章观点, 尤其是第二段中“They acknowledged early in the book that properly constructed and helpful AI systems do exist. But a dominant, confusing cycle of AI ‘hype and harm’ has also been at play. ”以及第三段中“In fact, many AI practitioners give up trying to define it, and I’ve heard plenty of them say things along the lines of ‘the definition doesn’t really matter’. But of course, it matters. ” 等可知, 本文主要论述AI的无定义导致过分炒作, 由此推测A选项“AI 到底是什么 ”符合本文论述要点。故选A。
【备选习题】Passage 1
(2025·襄阳模拟)
Set Boundaries, Find Peace By Nedra Glover Tawwab
Description
The instant New York Times bestseller.
End the struggle, speak up for what you need, and experience the freedom of being truly yourself.
Set Boundaries, Find Peace By Nedra Glover Tawwab
Healthy boundaries. We all know we should have them in order to achieve work & life balance, deal with negative people, and enjoy rewarding relationships with partners, friends, and family. But what do “healthy boundaries” really mean—and how can we successfully express our needs, say “no, ” and be decisive without offending others
Set Boundaries, Find Peace By Nedra Glover Tawwab
Licensed consultant, sought-after relationship expert, and one of the most influential therapists on Instagram, Nedra Glover Tawwab clarifies this complex topic for today’s world. In a relatable and inclusive tone, Set Boundaries, Find Peace presents simple-yet-powerful ways to set healthy boundaries in all aspects of life. Rooted in the latest research and best practices used in cognitive(认知的) behavioral therapy(CBT), these techniques help us identify and express our needs clearly and without apology—and uncover the root problem behind codependency, power struggles, anxiety, depression, burnout, and more.
Editorial reviews
“Set Boundaries, Find Peace is a down-to-earth guide on fully realizing your potential and giving yourself the freedom you deserve by clearly setting healthy boundaries in your personal and professional life, friendships and relationships. Eye-opening and thoroughly engaging. ”
—Myleik Teele, CURLBOX founder
“If you want the most comprehensive, relevant, and relatable guide to setting boundaries, speaking your needs, and living a more peaceful life, Nedra Tawwab’s book on boundaries is for you. ”
—Sheleana Aiyana, founder of Rising Woman
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了《界限》, 这是一本关于如何设定健康界限、实现内心平静的实用指南。
1. What do we know about the book
A. It offers proofs of a balanced lifestyle.
B. It provides some consultation on careers.
C. It explains solutions to emotional problems.
D. It highlights ways to setting healthy boundaries.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据Description部分第四段“Set Boundaries, Find Peace presents simple-yet-powerful ways to set healthy boundaries in all aspects of life. ”可知, 这本书强调了设定健康界限的方法。故选D。
√
2. What does Myleik Teele think of the book
A. Instructive. B. Comprehensive.
C. Romantic. D. Humorous.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据Editorial reviews部分“Set Boundaries, Find Peace is a down-to-earth guide on fully realizing your potential and giving yourself the freedom you deserve by clearly setting healthy boundaries in your personal and professional life, friendships and relationships. Eye-opening and thoroughly engaging. ”可知, Myleik Teele认为这本书很有教育意义。故选A。
√
3. Where can you most possibly read the article
A. An academic magazine.
B. A commercial website.
C. A psychology textbook.
D. A shopping brochure.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据图表中“Buy New: click here”以及文章介绍了《界限》这本书的主要内容和读者评价, 由此可推测, 这篇文章最有可能出现在一个商业网站上, 目的是宣传和推广这本书, 让读者购买。故选B。
√
Passage 2
　　There’s nothing quite like the breathtaking beauty of mountain scenery. Road trips through the mountains offer stunning views, winding roads, and the chance to explore charming mountain towns.
Oregon Coast Highway, Oregon
　　Driving the Oregon Coast Highway is an experience that should not be missed for any road-trip enthusiast. The highway stretches for about 363 miles, from the northern border of Washington to the southern border of California. The drive is especially inspiring during sunrise and sunset when the colors of the sky and the ocean blend together in a breathtaking display of natural beauty.
Lake Tahoe Scenic Drive, California And Nevada
　　The 72-mile Lake Tahoe Scenic drive takes you through charming small towns, historic sites, and scenic viewpoints, offering spectacular lake views from different angles. The drive is incredible in the fall, when the leaves turn golden and orange, creating an uncommon atmosphere in contrast to evergreens.
Overseas Highway, Florida
　　Stretching 113 miles along the Florida Keys from Miami to Key West, the Overseas Highway is a scenic drive where you’re on a series of bridges connecting a chain of islands. During the drive, you’ll encounter rustic fishing villages, coral reefs, and historic landmarks. The trip is incredibly photogenic during sunrise and sunset when the sky and the ocean merge in pink, orange, and purple hues(色调).
Natchez Trace Parkway, Mississippi And Tennessee
　　Natchez Trace Parkway is a road trip stretching 444 miles from Natchez, Mississippi, to Nashville, Tennessee. You’ll encounter remarkable natural beauty along the road, including rolling hills, forests, and rivers. You can also explore historic sites, like the Meriwether Lewis Monument, the Mount Locust Inn and Plantation, and the Mississippi Craft Center.
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四条驾车赏美景的汽车线路。
1. What is recommended about Lake Tahoe Scenic Drive
A. Its border position.
B. Its autumn scenery.
C. The evergreen plants around.
D. The angle of viewing the lake.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据Lake Tahoe Scenic Drive部分的介绍可知, 这条公路秋季风景特别迷人。故选B。
√
2. What do Oregon Coast Highway and Overseas Highway have in common
A. They have the same best viewing periods.
B. They are located in the same state.
C. They both cross a series of bridges.
D. They feature fishing villages along the way.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据Oregon Coast Highway和Overseas Highway的介绍可知, 两者的最佳观赏时间是一样的, 都是日出和日落期间最漂亮。故选A。
√
3. Which offers the longest drive trip
A. Oregon Coast Highway.
B. Lake Tahoe Scenic Drive.
C. Overseas Highway.
D. Natchez Trace Parkway.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据四条线路的里程介绍, Natchez Trace Parkway的线路最长。故选D。
√
Passage 3
(2025·南京模拟)
　　Sarah Thompson faced constant challenges due to her hearing impairment(听力障碍). From a young age, she was often told what she couldn’t do, but Sarah was determined to show the world what she could achieve. After being rejected from multiple jobs because of her disability, she decided to found Ocean Breeze Crafts, a sustainable handmade goods business, to demonstrate that her disability would never define her limits.
　　Ocean Breeze Crafts began as a small workshop in Sarah’s apartment, but it quickly grew into a flourishing(繁荣的) business. Today, her eco-friendly products, including handmade jewelry and home decorations, are sold in shops across the country. However, Sarah’s mission goes far beyond creating beautiful items. She offers employment opportunities to individuals with disabilities. Sarah believes that everyone deserves a chance to contribute, regardless of their challenges. Each employee at Ocean Breeze Crafts is trained in various aspects of the business, from designing products to managing orders, helping them gain valuable skills and confidence.
　　One of the company’s most innovative initiatives is its “Sign & Design” program, where product packaging includes simple sign language instructions to enhance understanding of the deaf community. This program reflects Sarah’s passion for bridging the gap between the hearing and hearing-impaired worlds. She hopes these small steps will encourage broader conversations about inclusivity. Ocean Breeze Crafts also reinvests its profits in the community. A part of the earnings funds sign language workshops for local schools, job training programs for disabled individuals, and sustainability projects.
　　Sarah’s vision is not just about running a successful business—it’s about creating lasting change. She dreams of a world where people with disabilities are valued for their abilities, not judged by their limitations. With the support of her team and a growing customer base, Ocean Breeze Crafts continues to expand its impact, proving that with determination and sympathy, barriers can be broken, and lives can be transformed.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了听力障碍者Sarah Thompson创立Ocean Breeze Crafts公司的经历, 以及她通过企业帮助残障人士, 促进社会包容的举措。
1. Why did Sarah found Ocean Breeze Crafts
A. To earn a living.
B. To prove her abilities.
C. To promote disability education.
D. To help hearing-impaired people.
√
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中“After being rejected from multiple jobs because of her disability, she decided to found Ocean Breeze Crafts, a sustainable handmade goods business, to demonstrate that her disability would never define her limits. ”可知, Sarah创立公司的目的是证明自己的能力, 故选B。
2. What does Ocean Breeze Crafts do to help its staff
A. Offer them free daily products.
B. Fund their education in deaf schools.
C. Train them in practical working skills.
D. Expose them to new technologies.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中“Each employee at Ocean Breeze Crafts is trained in various aspects of the business, from designing products to managing orders, helping them gain valuable skills and confidence. ”可知, 公司通过培训实用技能帮助员工, 故选C。
√
3. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. Sarah’s efforts to help the deaf community.
B. Sarah’s devotion to sign language teaching.
C. The marketing strategies used by the company.
D. The success of the “Sign & Design” program.
√
【解析】选A。段落大意题。根据第三段中“One of the company’s most innovative initiatives is its ‘Sign & Design’ program, where product packaging includes simple sign language instructions to enhance understanding of the deaf community. ”和“Ocean Breeze Crafts also reinvests its profits in the community. A part of the earnings funds sign language workshops for local schools, job training programs for disabled individuals, and sustainability projects. ”可知, 第三段主要描述旨在提高对聋人社区理解的“Sign & Design”项目和公司利润用于资助聋人社区的相关活动(如手语工作坊、残障人士职业培训等), 故选A。
4. Which of the following can best describe Sarah
A. Determined and far-sighted. B. Independent and patient.
C. Humorous and kind-hearted. D. Optimistic and humble.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段中“Sarah was determined to show the world. . . her disability would never define her limits. ”和最后一段中“Sarah’s vision is not just about running a successful business—it’s about creating lasting change. ”以及“proving that with determination and sympathy, barriers can be broken, and lives can be transformed”可知, Sarah很有决心, 且Ocean Breeze Crafts是一家可持续的手工制品公司, 她希望创造持久的变化, 说明她有远见, 故选A。
√
Passage 4
　　It all started with a Facebook post. The New Jersey National Senior Olympics needed women for its pickleball singles tournament. It seemed like an interesting idea. I’d never played in a national tournament and I’d rarely played singles.
　　It was a hot September day on the courts at the New Jersey State qualifying tournament. There were dozens of doubles teams(women’s, men’s, and mixed) fighting out for a spot at the national games. It was very competitive and the level of play was quite high. I came in third. Since I didn’t know any of the rules about the National Senior Games, I assumed that I had to finish in first place and had missed my chance for the 2023 games.
　　A few months later, I received a letter that I had qualified to play in the national games. I clicked onto the registration page and. . . there was a waiting list. Once again, I resigned myself to trying again in 2 years. A few weeks later, I received an email that a spot had opened up in the tournament. I quickly registered and I was in!
　　In July, I made my way to Pittsburgh for the National Senior Games. The city was flooded with people from all over the country. Every restaurant we went to was full of athletes of all shapes and sizes—volleyball players, runners, golfers, and more. Everyone was asking each other: What sport Where are you from Even the servers in the restaurants were wishing everyone a good time.
　　The big day arrived. We walked over to the sports hall for the competition. I was nervous and excited about playing and hoping to win at least one match. Truth be told, I really wanted to medal. I ended up making it to the quarterfinals and getting a ribbon for seventh place. Not the medal I hoped for, but I enjoyed competing and learned a lot. It was fun to be at the award ceremony and cheer on the top finishers and all of the women that participated.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者退休后参加匹克球比赛的曲折经历。
1. What do we know about the author from the second paragraph
A. She missed the 2023 games.
B. She knew no rules of pickleball.
C. She took part in the doubles.
D. She did well in the qualifying round.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段中“I came in third. ”以及下文内容, 再结合常识可知作者获得第三名是个不错的成绩。故选D。
√
2. Which word can describe the author’s experience of getting qualified
A. Lucky. B. Exciting.
C. Painful. D. Relaxing.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。作者获得参赛资格的过程一波三折, 但还算幸运, 最终如愿以偿。故选A。
√
3. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A. The atmosphere of the host city.
B. The procedure of the competition.
C. The multiculturalism of Pittsburgh.
D. The enthusiasm of the athletes.
【解析】选A。段落大意题。本段讲述了主办城市人流拥挤, 人们谈论比赛, 服务员祝福运动员等。这些都是东道主城市比赛前的氛围。故选A。
√
4. What was the result of the author’s competition
A. She got a medal.
B. She came in seventh.
C. She won the quarterfinal.
D. She won only one match.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段中“I ended up making it to the quarterfinals and getting a ribbon for seventh place. ”可知, 作者参加了四分之一决赛, 获得了第七名。故选B。
√
Passage 5
(2025·潍坊模拟)
　　The United Arab Emirates(UAE), 80% desert with only 0. 7% farming land, struggles with food supply. Unsurprisingly, the oil-rich nation has offered opportunities to companies aiming to change those statistics, as it attempts to find its way toward food supply.
　　HyveGeo, launching a project with Cambridge University, is the latest startup that has found a way to turn the desert green while turning a profit too. Using agricultural waste and algae(藻类), the company is creating a mixture designed to boost tree planting projects and food production. And through growing algae, it says it can remove climate-warming carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the process.
　　The main substance for HyveGeo’s mixture is biochar, a carbon-rich material made by burning organic materials in a low-oxygen environment. HyveGeo is sourcing its organic material from local farms and agricultural waste, and processing it at a pilot site in Abu Dhabi. To date, the site has produced 200 tons of biochar, preventing 800 tons of waste from going to landfill. Biochar itself is fantastic, but if you stick it in desert sand, it doesn’t do that much. HyveGeo has applied algae to their solution. It puts algae through a “bio-processing concept” to get bioactive extracts(提取物), which can be added to biochar to promote plant growth. The company claims to speed up soil creation from years to less than a month.
　　Trials with tomatoes show promising results: plants are larger and can withstand higher temperatures, indicating the growing medium helps resist climate stress. Partnering with UAE agricultural authorities, HyveGeo aims to grow crops such as wheat, rice, and vegetables locally. Expert Dr. Marcella acknowledges their comprehensive soil-improvement strategy but warns of soil regeneration’s complexity and unknown irrigation(灌溉) needs.
　　Producing enough algae to meet demand and making HyveGeo’s model commercially practicable are just two challenges it faces. HyveGeo will announce its next round of venture capital funding. “Climate is a long-term thing, ” added Welch, HyveGeo chief operations officer. “If we can do our bit to solve the challenge, that’s a wonderful thing. ”
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了阿联酋因沙漠广布面临粮食供应问题, HyveGeo公司利用农业废弃物和藻类改良土壤, 试种番茄成果显著, 但仍面临挑战。
1. What can HyveGeo’s project do according to Paragraph 2
A. Achieve double goals.
B. Enhance food safety.
C. Reduce agricultural waste.
D. Popularize farming methods.
√
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段“Using agricultural waste and algae, the company is creating a mixture designed to boost tree planting projects and food production. And through growing algae, it says it can remove climate-warming carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the process. ”可知, HyveGeo 的项目能够实现双重目标。故选A。
2. How does HyveGeo make biochar function better
A. By adding it to desert sand.
B. By simplifying its processing.
C. By changing its carbon content.
D. By mixing it with algae extracts.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段“HyveGeo has applied algae to their solution. It puts algae through a ‘bio-processing concept’ to get bioactive extracts, which can be added to biochar to promote plant growth. The company claims to speed up soil creation from years to less than a month. ”可知, HyveGeo通过将生物炭与藻类提取物混合使其发挥出更好效果。故选D。
√
3. What’s Dr. Marcella’s attitude towards the soil creation strategy
A. Cautious. 　　 　 B. Negative.
C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Expert Dr. Marcella acknowledges their comprehensive soil-improvement strategy but warns of soil regeneration’s complexity and unknown irrigation needs. ”可知, Marcella博士对土壤改良策略持谨慎态度。故选A。
√
4. What is implied about the project in the last paragraph
A. It is well received.
B. It is highly profitable.
C. It needs financial support.
D. It resolves climate challenge.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知, 该项目需要资金支持。故选C。
√
Passage 6
　　The education technology industry has boomed in recent years, with investments increasing more than forty-fold over the last decade. As a result, the market is being flooded with new tools and EdTech startups, making it difficult for administrators and educators to sort out what will be most effective in the classroom.
　　“Only 11% of education decision-makers were looking at any type of evidence to make a purchasing decision on an EdTech tool, ” said Isabelle Hau, executive director of the Stanford Accelerator for Learning, which works to improve educational outcomes for children and adults. “And only 7% of global EdTech tools have any form of strict evidence. ”
　　In addition to a lack of available research around which tools produce the best outcomes for students in the increasing education technology space, Hau says that creating equitable access to these tools has also been a challenge. “A lot of these tools are not getting equitably distributed because of who funds, and how it’s being funded, ” Hau said. “Internationally there is still a huge divide from a digital access perspective. ”
　　Hau joins hosts GSE Dean Dan Schwartz and Senior Lecturer Denise Pope on School’s In as they discuss education technology’s rapid growth, what’s driving that growth, and how administrators, the government, and other organizations can help teachers access the tools that will best serve their students.
　　“A lot of people are working on it, including us at the accelerator, of course, because we have a big role to play in improving learning outcomes for children and educators, ” Hau said.
　　She also shares tips and resources for entrepreneurs(创业者) looking to get into the education technology space. “You need to start small, and you need to start with a handful of partners that love your solution, ” she said. “And then from there you can start expanding. ”
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了教育技术的现状及应用情况。
1. What do we know about education technology
A. It’s developing fast.
B. It pleases educators.
C. It’s unreliable and ineffective.
D. It serves 7% of the students.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中“The education technology industry has boomed in recent years”可知, 教育科技最近发展迅猛。故选A。
√
2. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us about EdTech
A. Its effects.
B. Its profits.
C. Its problems.
D. Its distribution.
【解析】选C。段落大意题。根据第三段中“a lack of available research around which tools produce the best outcomes”以及“not getting equitably distributed”等可知, 本段主要讲述了教育科技存在的问题。故选C。
√
3. What is Hau’s suggestion about
A. How to enter the EdTech industry.
B. Who are suitable to be partners.
C. What is needed to start a company.
D. Why EdTech is developing fast.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中“You need to start small, and you need to start with a handful of partners. . . ”可知, Hau的建议是有关如何成立教育科技公司的。故选A。
√
4. What is this text mainly about
A. What EdTech can achieve.
B. Who is EdTech intended for.
C. Why EdTech should be advocated.
D. How to make EdTech more effective.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据全文, 尤其是第一段的内容可知, 本文主要讲述如何有效利用教育科技。故选D。
√
Passage 7
(2025·陕西模拟)
　　A few years ago, the City Council of Monza, Italy, barred pet owners from keeping goldfish in curved fishbowls. The sponsors of the measure explained that it is cruel to keep a fish in such a bowl because the curved sides give the fish a distorted view of reality. Aside from the measure’s significance to the poor goldfish, the story raises an interesting philosophical question: How do we know that the reality we perceive is true
　　Physicists are finding themselves in a similar trouble to the goldfish’s. For decades they have been pursuing an ultimate theory of everything—one complete and consistent set of fundamental laws of nature that explain every aspect of reality. It now appears that this pursuit may generate not a single theory but a family of interconnected theories, each describing its own version of reality, as if it viewed the universe through its own fishbowl. This concept may be difficult for many people to accept. Most people believe that there is an objective reality out there and that our senses and our science directly convey information about the material world. In philosophy, that belief is called realism.
　　In physics, realism is becoming difficult to defend. Instead, the idea of alternative realities is a mainstay of today’s popular culture. For example, in the science-fiction film The Matrix the human race is unknowingly living in a simulated(模拟的) virtual reality created by intelligent computers. How do we know we are not just computer-generated characters living in a Matrix-like world If—like us—the beings in the simulated world could not observe their universe from the outside, they would have no reason to doubt their own pictures of reality.
　　Similarly, the goldfish’s view is not the same as ours from outside their curved bowl. For instance, because light bends as it travels from air to water, a freely moving object that we would observe to move in a straight line would be observed by the goldfish to move along a curved path. The goldfish could form scientific laws from their frame(框架) of reference that would always hold true and that would enable them to make predictions about the future motion of objects outside the bowl. If the goldfish formed such a theory, we would have to admit the goldfish’s view as a reasonable picture of reality.
　　The goldfish example shows that the same physical situation can be modeled in different ways, each employing different fundamental elements and concepts. It might be that to describe the universe we have to employ different theories in different situations. It is not the physicist’s traditional expectation for a theory of nature, nor does it correspond to our everyday idea of reality. But it might be the way of the universe.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章以鱼缸里的金鱼为例, 讨论了现实主义以及人们应该如何描述宇宙。
1. What does the underlined word “distorted” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean
A. Original. B. Accurate.
C. Distant. D. False.
【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“The sponsors of the measure explained that it is cruel to keep a fish in such a bowl because the curved sides give the fish a distorted view of reality. ”中的“cruel”和“curved”可以推断, 发起人认为弯曲的侧面会让金鱼对现实产生错误的视角, 因而把金鱼养在这样的鱼缸里是残忍的, 所以“distorted”意为“错误的”, 即“false”。故选D。
√
2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us
A. The need for a complete theory.
B. The lasting conflict in physics.
C. The existence of the material world.
D. The conventional insight of reality.
【解析】选D。段落大意题。根据第二段“Most people believe that there is an objective reality out there and that our senses and our science directly convey information about the material world. In philosophy, that belief is called realism. ”可知, 本段主要讲述了人们对现实的传统见解。故选D。
√
3. What can we learn from the passage
A. Nature’s mysteries are best left undiscovered.
B. An external world is independent of the observers.
C. People’s theories are influenced by their viewpoints.
D. It is essential to figure out which picture of reality is better.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段“It now appears that this pursuit may generate not a single theory but a family of interconnected theories, each describing its own version of reality, as if it viewed the universe through its own fishbowl. ”和第三段“If—like us—the beings in the simulated world could not observe their universe from the outside, they would have no reason to doubt their own pictures of reality. ”可知, 人们视角和观点不同, 会有着不同的理论。故选C。
√
4. According to the passage, the author may agree that 　　　.
A. various interpretations of the universe are welcomed
B. physicists have a favorite candidate for the final theory
C. multiple realities can be pieced together to show the real world
D. there is still possibility to unify different theories into a single one
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段“It might be that to describe the universe we have to employ different theories in different situations. ”和“But it might be the way of the universe. ”可知, 作者认为人们可以用多种理论描述宇宙, 可得出作者也许会赞同“欢迎对宇宙的不同解释”这个观点。故选A。
√
反复精读 识记积累
障碍
词语 integrate v. 结合;(使)合并; comprehensive adj. 综合性的, 全面的;
interconnect vt. &vi. 使互相连接;passionate adj. 热诚的, 狂热的;
individual adj. 单独的, 个别的 (Passage 1)
tremble v. 颤抖; abandon v. 抛弃, 遗弃;diagram n. 图表, 图解;
microbiology n. 微生物学; illustration n. 插图, 图解;abstract adj. 抽象的,
纯概念的;counselor n. 顾问, 咨询师; graphic adj. 图形的; impractical
adj. 不明智的, 不切实际的;hesitate v. 犹豫, 不愿意; cancel v. 取消;
multiply v. 大大增加, 倍增 (Passage 2)
障碍
词语 bestseller n. 畅销书; decisive adj. 果断的, 决断的; offend v. 得罪, 冒犯;
licensed adj. 得到许可的; consultant n. 顾问; influential adj. 有影响力的;
therapist n. 治疗专家; clarify v. 澄清, 阐明; relatable adj. 有关系的;
behavioral adj. 行为的;deserve v. 值得, 应受; engaging adj. 迷人的, 吸引
人的 (Passage 1)
breathtaking adj. 令人惊叹的; enthusiast n. 热衷者, 爱好者;stretch v. (使)
变大, 拉长;blend v. (使)混合, 调和; spectacular adj. 壮观的; incredible
adj. 极好的; atmosphere n. 氛围; rustic adj. 乡村的, 纯朴的; photogenic
adj. 上相的, 适于摄影的;merge v. (使)合并, (使)融合 (Passage 2)
障碍
词语 reject v. 拒绝, 否决; sustainable adj. 可持续的; demonstrate v. 证明;示范;
regardless of不管, 不顾; aspect n. 方面; innovative adj. 革新的, 新颖的;
initiative n. 措施, 倡议;enhance v. 增强, 提高;inclusivity n. 包容性;
vision n. 愿景; sympathy n. 同情(心); transform v. 使改观, 使变形
(Passage 3)
singles n. 单打比赛; tournament n. 锦标赛; qualifying adj. 预赛的;
doubles n. 双打;spot n. 排名位置; assume v. 假定, 认为; registration n. 登
记; resign v. 听任, (使)顺从; quarterfinal n. 四分之一决赛; ribbon n. 绶
带, 勋带; finisher n. 最后优胜者 (Passage 4)
障碍
词语 statistic n. 统计数字; launch v. 发动, 发起;上市, 发行; mixture n. 混合物;
atmosphere n. 大气;substance n. 物质; biochar n. 生物炭; fantastic adj. 极
好的, 非常棒的; promising adj. 有希望的; withstand v. 顶住, 抵住;
indicate v. 表明; authority n. 专家, 权威人士;acknowledge v. 承认;认可;
strategy n. 策略; complexity n. 复杂性; venture capital 风险投资
(Passage 5)
障碍
词语 boom v. 迅速发展, 繁荣; investment n. 投资;forty-fold adj. 四十倍的;
startup n. 新创公司;administrator n. (公司、学校等的)管理者; evidence
n. 根据, 证明; equitable adj. 公平合理的, 公正的; distribute v. 分发, 分
配; perspective n. 视角, 观点; solution n. 解决办法; expand v. 扩大
(Passage 6)
philosophical adj. 哲学的, 达观的; perceive vt. 认为, 理解;ultimate
adj. 最终的, 最后的; version n. 版本; objective adj. 客观的;alternative
adj. &n. 可供选择的(事物), 替代物; prediction n. 预言之事; expectation
n. 期待, 预期; correspond v. 相一致 (Passage 7)
熟词
生义 potential 熟义: adj. 潜在的, 可能的　文中义: n. 潜力, 可能性
tailor 熟义: n. 裁缝　文中义: v. 定做 (Passage 1)
feed 熟义: v. 饲养, 喂养　文中义: v. 滋养
cast熟义: v. 投射(光, 影)　文中义: n. 石膏
label熟义: n. 标签, 标牌　文中义: v. 贴标签 (Passage 2)
end 熟义: n. 最后部分, 末尾　文中义: v. 结束, 终止
root熟义: n. 根, 根茎　文中义: v. (使)生根;扎根于 (Passage 1)
wind 熟义: n. 风, 气流　文中义: v. 弯曲前进, 蜿蜒而行
orange 熟义: n. 橙, 柑橘　文中义: adj. 橙红色的 (Passage 2)
熟词
生义 bridge 熟义: n. 桥;桥牌　文中义: vt. 架桥, 弥合(分歧)
fund熟义: n. 基金, 专款　文中义: v. 资助, 为……提供资金
run熟义: v. 跑, 奔跑　文中义: v. 经营
value熟义: n. 价值;等值　文中义: v. 尊重, 重视 (Passage 3)
flood 熟义: v. (使)淹没;泛滥　文中义: v. 大量涌入
medal熟义: n. 奖牌　文中义: v. 赢得奖章 (Passage 4)
source 熟义: n. 来源, 出处　文中义: v. 从……中获得
stick熟义: n. 枯枝, 枝条 v. 粘, 贴　文中义: v. 坚持
partner 熟义: n. 搭档, 同伴　文中义: v. 成为搭档, 合伙
熟词
生义 meet熟义: v. 结识, 遇见　文中义: v. 满足 (Passage 5)
sort 熟义: n. 种类, 品种　文中义: v. 整理, 把……分类
fund熟义: n. 基金, 资金　文中义: v. 资助, 为……提供资金
divide熟义: v. (使)分开　文中义: n. 差异, 分歧 (Passage 6)
bar 熟义: n. 酒吧;吧台　文中义: v. 封, 堵;阻挡
view 熟义: n. 观点, 景色　文中义: v. 看待, 考虑
model熟义: n. 模型;模式　文中义: v. 使仿效, 使模仿 (Passage 7)
长难句
分析 Led by Learning Coach Vinod Kumar, a NASA certified trainer, our sessions are tailored to each student’s individual needs, providing them with the knowledge and skills to awaken their minds.

翻译: 在学习教练维诺德·库马尔(NASA认证培训师)的带领下, 我们的课程是根据每个学生的个人需求量身定制的, 为他们提供唤醒他们思想的知识和技能。 (Passage 1)
长难句
分析 1. Rooted in the latest research and best practices used in cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT), these techniques help us identify and express our needs clearly and without apology—and uncover the root problem behind codependency, power struggles, anxiety, depression, burnout, and more.
翻译: 这些根植于认知行为疗法(CBT)领域最新研究成果与最佳实践的技术, 能够帮助我们清晰且坦然地识别与表达自身需求, 同时深入揭示依赖型关系、权力博弈、焦虑情绪、抑郁状态、职业倦怠等问题背后的深层根源。 (Passage 1)
长难句
分析 2. Stretching 113 miles along the Florida Keys from Miami to Key West, the Overseas Highway is a scenic drive where you’re on a series of bridges connecting a chain of islands.
翻译: 跨海公路(Overseas Highway)沿着佛罗里达群岛绵延113英里, 从迈阿密一直延伸到基韦斯特。这条风景如画的公路由一系列桥梁连接各个岛屿。 (Passage 2)
长难句
分析 3. After being rejected from multiple jobs because of her disability, she decided to found Ocean Breeze Crafts, a sustainable handmade goods business, to demonstrate that her disability would never define her limits.
翻译: 在因为残疾被拒绝了很多工作后, 她决定创办海风工艺品公司, 这是一家可持续的手工制品公司, 以证明她的残疾永远不会成为她的限制。 (Passage 3)
长难句
分析 4. Since I didn’t know any of the rules about the National Senior Games, I assumed that I had to finish in first place and had missed my chance for the 2023 games.
翻译: 由于我不了解全国老年人运动会的规则, 以为必须获得第一名才能参赛, 因此认为自己会错过2023年赛事的机会。 (Passage 4)
长难句
分析 5. HyveGeo, launching a project with Cambridge University, is the latest startup that has found a way to turn the desert green while turning a profit too.
翻译: 与剑桥大学合作开展项目的HyveGeo是最新一家找到了既能让沙漠变绿又能盈利的创业公司。 (Passage 5)
长难句
分析 6. Hau joins hosts GSE Dean Dan Schwartz and Senior Lecturer Denise Pope on School’s In as they discuss education technology’s rapid growth, what’s driving that growth, and how administrators, the government, and other organizations can help teachers access the tools that will best serve their students.
翻译: Hau与主持人GSE院长Dan Schwartz和高级讲师Denise Pope在School’s In中一起讨论了教育技术的快速发展, 是什么推动了这种发展, 以及管理人员、政府和其他组织如何帮助教师获得最能为学生服务的工具。 (Passage 6)
长难句
分析 7. It now appears that this pursuit may generate not a single theory but a family of interconnected theories, each describing its own version of reality, as if it viewed the universe through its own fishbowl.
翻译: 现在看来, 这种追求可能产生的不是一个单一的理论, 而是一系列相互关联的理论, 每个理论都描述了自己的现实版本, 就好像它通过自己的鱼缸观察宇宙一样。 (Passage 7)