高考英语二轮复习语言运用专题二第1节有提示词类——动词的时态、语态和主谓一致课件

(共54张PPT)
第1节　有提示词类——动词的时态、
语态和主谓一致
技法探究 强化意识
【考查类型】
【解题步骤】
1. 分析句子成分, 是否充当谓语;
2. 确定空格处时态: 根据意义、时间状语;
3. 确定空格处语态: 分析主语与所填动词之间的主动、被动关系;
4. 确定主谓一致性。
技法一 定时态——“四角度”
角度1　时间状语标志词
一般
现在时 every time、now and then、often、sometimes、usually、occasionally、always、seldom等
一般
过去时 yesterday、last year、in 2020、the other day、two days ago、一段时间+later 等
一般
将来时 tomorrow、next year、in a week、in the future、soon、tonight等
现在
进行时 all the time、at this moment、at present、continually、constantly等
现在
完成时 since、recently、lately、already、in the last/past few days、so far、up to now、till now、for+时间段、it is the first time. . . 等
过去
完成时 by then、by the end of. . . 、by that time、it was the first time. . . 等
【典例展示】
(2025·北京高考)
　　By the time you brushed your teeth, you __________(make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought.
解题思维: 分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 且句中有标志性的时间状语, 应根据时间状语考虑相应的时态。By the time为过去完成时的标志词, 故填 had made。
角度2　固定句式
序号 句型结构
(1) 主语+was/were doing. . . when+一般过去时
(2) 主语+was/were about to do. . . when+一般过去时
(3) 主语+had(just) done. . . when+一般过去时
(4) Hardly+had+主语+done. . . when+一般过去时
序号 句型结构
(5) No sooner+had+主语+done. . . than+一般过去时
(6) This/That/It is the+序数词+time+that+现在完成时
(7) This/That/It was the+序数词+time+that+过去完成时
(8) It is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时
【典例展示】
(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
　　Henry __________(fix) his car when he heard the screams.
解题思维: 分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 且该句是固定句式“was/were doing. . . when. . . (正在做某事, 这时……)”, 主语Henry为第三人称单数, 故填 was fixing。
角度3　并列关系
(1)可根据并列连词and、but、or、rather than、neither. . . nor. . . 、not only. . . but also. . . 等判断;
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语, 谓语动词时态要一致。
【典例展示】
(2025·浙江1月高考改编)
　　Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead on the fact that they have something unique to wear and __________not overstuffing their own wardrobes(衣柜) or contributing to landfill.
解题思维: 分析句子结构, “have something unique to wear”和“__________ not overstuffing their own wardrobes. . . ”是并列关系, 空处和have用连词and连接作并列谓语, 时态需保持一致。故填 are。
角度4　语境暗示
　　在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下, 可以通过正确理解语境, 即通过题干中的“语境暗示”解题。
【典例展示】
(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)
　　Some of the things that Tang was writing about __________(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.
解题思维: 分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 且本句没有标志性的时间状语, 则考虑根据语境确定相应的时态。本句中的两个人物都是前人, 且本句中定语从句的时态为一般过去时, 所以用所给词的一般过去式, 故填 were。
技法二 定语态——“两牢记”
牢记1　常考时态的被动语态构成
常考时态 被动语态构成
一般现在时 am/is/are done
现在完成时 have/has been done
现在进行时 am/is/are being done
一般过去时 was/were done
过去完成时 had been done
常考时态 被动语态构成
过去进行时 was/were being done
一般将来时 will be done
过去将来时 would be done
情态动词 情态动词+ be done
【典例展示】
(2024·浙江1月高考)
　　However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes __________(offer) in smaller packs.
解题思维: 分析句子结构可知, 从句主语they与offer之间为被动关系, 所以用被动语态。情态动词could后接动词原形。故填 be offered。
牢记2　主动表被动含义的情况
　　提示词作谓语, 且表示的是主语所具有的特征时, 应考虑用主动形式表示被动含义。
切记: 不及物动词(词组)没有被动语态。如: breathe、happen、exist、remain、rise、taste、survive、belong to、break out、break down、come up、come true、take place、date from/back to、consist of等。
【典例展示】
　　The new book he ordered online 3 days ago __________(read) smoothly.
解题思维: 分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 且表示的是主语所具有的特征, 应考虑用主动形式表示被动意义。故填 reads。
技法三 定主谓一致——“三原则”
原则1　就远一致
　　主语后跟有with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than、including、in addition to等连接的短语时, 谓语动词的数要与前面的主语一致。
【典例展示】
　　The CEO along with his advisors __________(make) several important decisions recently.
解题思维: 分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 看到主语后跟有along with连接的短语, 要考虑就远原则确定谓语动词的单复数。故填 has made。
原则2　就近一致
(1)由neither. . . nor. . . 、either. . . or. . . 、not only. . . but also. . . 、not. . . but. . . 等连接并列主语时, 谓语要和位置上最近的主语保持一致。
(2)由there、here引导的句子的主语不止一个时, 谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
【典例展示】
　　Not only the employees but also the manager __________(attend) the meeting today.
解题思维: 分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 看到主语由Not only. . . but also. . . 连接时, 要考虑就近原则确定谓语动词的单复数。故填 attends。
原则3　语法一致
(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念, 兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时, 谓语动词用单数。
(2)非谓语动词、从句作主语时, 谓语动词一般用单数形式。
(3)可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数; 可数名词复数作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。
(4)集体名词看作整体时, 谓语动词用单数形式; 看作个体时, 谓语动词用复数形式。
【典例展示1】
(2025·浙江1月高考)
　　The concept __________(be) certainly not new—men have been renting good suits for decades—but for female shoppers, it is just taking off.
解题思维: 分析句子结构可知, 系动词be作谓语, 句子陈述的是客观事实, 用一般现在时, 主语The concept是单数名词, 谓语动词应用单数形式。故填 is。
【典例展示2】
(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)
　　Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse__________(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
解题思维: 分析句子结构, walk sb. through, 意为“带领某人穿过……”, 空处为本句谓语动词, 根据上文可知, 本句时态为一般现在时。因为主语the Silk Route Garden为单数, 所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填 walks。
精练新题 提升素养
Passage 1
(2025·四川模拟)
　　Dujiangyan is the 1. __________(old) man-made water system in the world, and a wonder in the development of Chinese science. Built over 2, 200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering 2. __________(achieve) is still used today.
1. 【解析】oldest。考查形容词最高级。根据句意 “世界上最古老的人工水利系统”可知, 此处用形容词最高级修饰名词短语 “man-made water system”, 且前有定冠词 the, 故填 oldest。
2. 【解析】achievement。考查词性转换。本空作主语, 需用所给动词的名词形式 achievement(成就), 且根据谓语 is 可知主语为单数, 故填 achievement。
　　In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands suffered 3. _______ regular floods 4. __________(cause) by overflow from the Minjiang River. To help the victims of the flooding, Li Bing, the region governor, together with his son, decided to find 5. __________ effective solution. Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing 6. __________(natural). Better still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making 7. __________(it) suitable for farming.
3. 【解析】from。考查介词。suffer from 为固定搭配, 意为 “遭受……之苦”, 此处表示 “遭受定期洪水的困扰”, 故填 from。
4. 【解析】caused。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语 suffered, 故空处为非谓语动词。floods 与 cause之间为被动关系, 故用过去分词作后置定语, 填 caused。
5. 【解析】an。考查冠词。solution 为可数名词, 此处表泛指 “一个有效的解决方案”, 且 effective 发音以元音音素开头, 故填an。
6. 【解析】naturally。考查副词。修饰动词 flowing 需用副词形式 naturally, 意为 “自然地流动”, 故填 naturally。
7. 【解析】it。考查代词。此处指代前文的 “the dry Chengdu Plain”, 作 making 的宾语, 用宾格, 故填 it。
　　Once the system 8. ________(finish), no more floods occurred and the people were able to live peacefully. Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature. Unlike modern dams 9. ________ the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally, 10. __________(enable) ecosystem(生态系统) and fish populations to exist in harmony.
8. 【解析】was finished。考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语 the system 与 finish之间为被动关系, 且动作发生在过去, 时态用一般过去时, 主语为单数, 故填 was finished。
9. 【解析】where。考查定语从句。先行词为 modern dams(现代水坝), 在从句中作地点状语, 故用关系副词 where 引导定语从句。
10. 【解析】enabling。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语 lets, 故空处为非谓语动词。此处表示都江堰 “让水自然流动” 的结果是 “使生态系统和鱼类和谐共存”, 用动词-ing形式作结果状语, 故填 enabling。
【文章大意】本文为说明文, 介绍了世界上最古老的人工水利系统——都江堰的历史、建造背景及其科学价值。
外刊原创 高考同源
Passage 2
　　The Chinese men’s table tennis team played in a big world tournament in Doha, Qatar, from May 17 to 25, 2025. The new team included 1. __________ (top-rank) players, but they would face strong 2. __________(opponent) from around the world, 3. __________ meant these matches wouldn’t be easy.
1. 【解析】top-ranked。考查词性转换。修饰名词 players 需用形容词, top-rank 的形容词形式为 top-ranked, 意为 “顶尖的, 排名靠前的”, 故填 top-ranked。
2. 【解析】opponents。考查名词的数。opponent 为可数名词, 根据语境 “他们将面对来自世界各地的强大的对手”, 此处应用复数形式, 故填 opponents。
3. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 此处为非限制性定语从句, 先行词为前面整个句子 “他们将面对来自世界各地的强大的对手”, 关系词在从句中作主语, 指代前面句子内容, 用 which 引导, 故填 which。
　　Sports experts said this was a great chance for the young Chinese team
4. _________ (grow). Even if they lost, they could learn from the experience and got ready for the 2028 Olympics in Los Angeles. This was also the 5. ________ (big) event after Paris Olympics. 6. __________ the faithful audience of the Chinese men’s table tennis team, I hoped the team would do well 7. _______ start the new Olympic cycle strong.
4. 【解析】to grow。考查非谓语动词。a chance for sb. to do sth. 为固定用法, 意为 “某人做某事的机会”, 此处表示这对年轻的中国队来说是成长的好机会, 故填 to grow。
5. 【解析】biggest。考查形容词最高级。根据语境可知, 此处表示 “这是巴黎奥运会后的最大赛事”, 应用最高级形式, big 的最高级为 biggest, 故填 biggest。
6. 【解析】As。考查介词。此处表示 “作为中国男子乒乓球队的忠实观众”, as 有 “作为” 之意, 且位于句首, 首字母应大写, 故填As。
7. 【解析】and。考查连词。“do well” 和 “start the new Olympic cycle strong” 为并列谓语, 用 and 连接表示顺承关系, 即“我希望球队表现出色并强势开启新奥运周期”, 故填 and。
　　Last time, in 2023, China 8. __________(win) all five events at the world championships. But recently, foreigners have showed potential to win the World Cup, 9. __________(show) that other countries are catching up.
8. 【解析】won。考查动词时态。根据时间状语 “Last time, in 2023” 可知, 句子时态为一般过去时, win 的过去式为 won, 故填 won。
9. 【解析】showing。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语 have showed, 空处为非谓语动词。此处表示“表明其他国家正在追赶上来”, 用动词-ing形式作结果状语, 故填 showing。
　　Before the tournament, the team held a fun event in Chengdu to play with fans and kids. This was a strong 10. __________(promote) for the sport in a friendly way. Now, the young Chinese team hopes to stay strong and make their country proud.
10. 【解析】promotion。考查词性转换。根据空前的 a strong 可知, 此处需填名词。promote 的名词形式为 promotion, 意为 “推广”, 表示这是一次有力的推广活动, 故填 promotion。
【文章大意】本文为体育新闻类说明文, 介绍了2025年5月17日至25日在卡塔尔多哈举行的世界乒乓球锦标赛中中国男乒的相关情况。
【备选习题】
Passage
(2025·山东模拟)
　　The Silk Road, an extensive network of trade routes connecting Ancient China to the Western world, played 1. _______ key role in shaping the cultural and economic landscape of Eurasia for over a thousand years. This complicated web of pathways facilitated the exchange of not only goods but also ideas, technologies, and religions between East and West. The Silk Road’s 2. __________ (influential) on Western civilization was deep and far-reaching, affecting everything from cuisine and fashion to art and scientific knowledge.
1. 【解析】a。考查冠词。play a key role in 为固定搭配, 意为 “在……中起关键作用”, 此处表示丝绸之路在塑造欧亚文化和经济格局中起关键作用, 故填a。
2. 【解析】influence。考查词性转换。本空作主语, 需用所给形容词的名词形式 influence(影响), 且根据谓语 was 可知主语为单数, 故填 influence。
　　At the heart of this transcontinental exchange was silk, a luxurious fabric highly 3. _______ (value) by the Romans and other Western civilizations. The appealing of silk and other goods from the East, such as spices, jade, and precious stones, drove Western merchants 4. __________(brave) the risky journey across Central Asia, 5. __________(promote) cultural interactions along the way. This constant flow of trade and communication gradually 6. __________(transform) both Eastern and Western societies, leading to significant advancements in various fields.
3. 【解析】valued。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语 was, 空处为非谓语动词。fabric与value之间为被动关系, 此处用过去分词作后置定语修饰 fabric, 故填 valued。
4. 【解析】to brave。考查非谓语动词。drive sb. to do sth. 为固定用法, 意为 “驱使某人做某事”, 此处表示驱使西方商人冒险穿越中亚, 故填 to brave。
5. 【解析】promoting。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语 drove, 空处为非谓语动词。此处表示西方商人冒险进行贸易的结果是促进了文化互动, 用动词-ing形式作结果状语, 故填 promoting。
6. 【解析】transformed。考查动词时态。根据上下文语境, 此处描述丝绸之路对东西方社会的影响是过去发生的事, 时态用一般过去时, 故填 transformed。
　　The Silk Road 7. _________ impact extended far beyond mere commercial transactions served 8. _______ a channel for the transmission of knowledge and innovation. Ancient China’s Four Great Inventions 9. ________(eventual) made their way to the West, paving the way for the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration. Moreover, the exchange of philosophical and religious ideas along the Silk Road contributed to the spread of Buddhism, Islam, and even aspects of Chinese Confucianism and Taoism to the Western world, enriching the 10. _______ (complex) and diversity of Eurasia’s intellectual-spiritual frameworks(框架).
7. 【解析】whose。考查定语从句。先行词为 The Silk Road, 在从句中作 impact 的定语(丝绸之路的影响), 表示所属关系, 故用关系代词 whose 引导定语从句。
8. 【解析】as。考查介词。serve as 为固定搭配, 意为 “充当;作为”, 此处表示丝绸之路充当知识和创新传播的渠道, 故填 as。
9. 【解析】eventually。考查副词。修饰动词短语 made their way 需用所给词的副词形式 eventually, 意为 “最终”, 故填 eventually。
10. 【解析】complexity。考查词性转换。空处与and 后的 diversity 并列, 作 enriching 的宾语, 需用所给形容词的名词形式 complexity(复杂性), 故填 complexity。
【文章大意】本文为说明文, 介绍了丝绸之路在欧亚文化和经济交流中的重要作用。
反复精读 识记积累
障碍
词语 engineering achievement 工程成就;overflow v. 泛滥;溢出(Passage 1)
transcontinental adj. 横贯大陆的; pave the way for 为……铺平道路(Passage)
熟词
生义 direct熟义: adj. 直接的　　　　　生义: v. 引导;引流(Passage 1)
promote 熟义: v. 促进;提升 生义: v. 推广;宣传(Passage 2)
channel 熟义: n. 频道;渠道 　生义: n. 途径;通道(Passage)
长难句
分析 Built over 2, 200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today.
分析: 状语: Built over 2, 200 years ago(过去分词短语作时间状语, 表被动, 说明都江堰的建造时间)
宾语从句: what is now Sichuan Province(what引导宾语从句)
翻译: 这座令人惊叹的工程成就建于2 200多年前中国西南部的现在的四川省, 至今仍在使用。(Passage 1)
长难句
分析 The Silk Road, an extensive network of trade routes connecting Ancient China to the Western world, played a key role in shaping the cultural and economic landscape of Eurasia for over a thousand years.
分析: 同位语: an extensive network of trade routes. . . (解释说明丝绸之路的性质)
分词短语: connecting Ancient China to the Western world(修饰network, 表主动)
时间状语: for over a thousand years(强调持续时间)
翻译: 丝绸之路作为连接古代中国与西方世界的庞大贸易网络, 在一千多年里对塑造欧亚文化和经济格局起到了关键作用。(Passage)