考点1：名词（可数名词、不可数名词、名词所有格） 中考英语核心考点知识清单
文档属性
| 名称 | 考点1：名词（可数名词、不可数名词、名词所有格） 中考英语核心考点知识清单 |
|
|
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 25.2KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-04-07 00:00:00 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
中考英语·核心考点
考点1：名词（可数名词、不可数名词、名词所有格）
依据《义务教育英语课程标准（2022版）》及2023-2025年全国中考真题大数据，提炼出以下50个高频考点。考点覆盖词法、句法、语篇理解及书面表达，精准把握命题方向。现从考点1：名词（可数名词、不可数名词、名词所有格）开始逐项突破。
考点1 · 名词（可数名词、不可数名词、名词所有格）
名词是中考语法考查的基础与核心，近三年单项选择、语法填空、短文改错中涉及名词复数规则、不规则变化、不可数名词量化及所有格的题目占比超过12%。透彻掌握本专题，能有效避免写作与语篇填空中的“隐形失分”。
一、可数名词复数变化详解 + 实例
1. 规则变化：①一般情况加-s (book→books, pen→pens)。②以s, x, sh, ch结尾加-es (class→classes, box→boxes, brush→brushes, watch→watches)。③辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-es (family→families, story→stories)；元音+y直接加-s (boy→boys, key→keys)。④以f/fe结尾，变f/fe为v再加-es (leaf→leaves, knife→knives, wife→wives) 例外：roof→roofs, belief→beliefs。⑤以o结尾，有生命加-es (potato→potatoes, hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes)；无生命或外来词加-s (piano→pianos, photo→photos, radio→radios)。
实例精析：① There are many potatoes and tomatoes in the basket. ② My uncle took several photos on the Great Wall. ③ These knives are very sharp. ④ All the families in the neighborhood joined the party.
2. 不规则变化高频词： man→men, woman→women, child→children, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, goose→geese, mouse→mice, ox→oxen, phenomenon→phenomena(较难)。单复同形：sheep, deer, fish(表示条数), Chinese, Japanese, means, series, species。
中考实例：① How many sheep are there on the hill (2024·成都) ② Two German (应为Germans) visited our school yesterday. ③ The children are brushing their teeth.
二、不可数名词详解 & 常用量词搭配
不可数名词无复数形式，不能与a/an直接连用，也不能与many, few直接连用，常用much, little, a lot of, some, any修饰。表数量时用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”。常考不可数名词：advice, news, information, work, homework, housework, weather, fun, progress, furniture, equipment, bread, rice, meat, beef, pork, juice, water, tea, coffee, paper(纸), money, music, luck, knowledge, traffic, pollution。
正确表达： a piece of advice / two pieces of news / three glasses of water / a cup of coffee / a bag of rice
常见错误： an advice ( ) , many informations ( ) , a bread ( ) 。
注意：有些名词既可数又不可数，意义不同：a chicken(一只鸡) → chicken(鸡肉)；a glass(一个玻璃杯) → glass(玻璃)；a paper(一份报纸/论文) → paper(纸)。
三、名词所有格深度解析
1. ’s所有格：用于有生命的人或动物，以及时间、距离、国家、城市等。①单数名词加's (my sister’s bike)。②以s结尾的复数名词只加' (Teachers’ Day)。③不以s结尾的复数名词加's (children’s books)。④表示两人共同拥有时，最后一个名词加's (Tom and Jerry’s room 共同的房间)；分别拥有时每个名词后都加's (Tom’s and Jerry’s rooms)。2. of所有格：用于无生命事物，如the cover of the book。也可用于有生命的较长定语：a friend of my father’s (双重所有格)。双重所有格表示“其中之一”，结构：a/an/this/that +名词+of+名词性物主代词/’s所有格。
实例对比：① Lucy and Lily’s bedroom is big (两人共用一间)。② Lucy’s and Lily’s bedrooms are big (各自卧室)。③ a photo of my sister’s (我妹妹拥有的照片中的一张) vs a photo of my sister (我妹妹本人照片)。④ the window of the classroom 教室的窗户。⑤ today’s newspaper 今天的报纸。
四、名词作定语及其他易错点
名词作定语一般用单数形式，如apple tree → apple trees；但man/woman作定语时，需与被修饰名词数一致：a woman doctor → women doctors。易错点：复合名词复数，如passer-by → passers-by, mother-in-law → mothers-in-law。
中考命题聚焦：语法填空高频考点为名词复数不规则变化及不可数名词前的量词；完形填空常通过语境考查名词所有格的逻辑辨析；写作中名词单复数误用属于扣分痛点。请结合以下练习深度巩固。
专项提升练习
题型Ⅰ 单项选择 (共15小题，每小题2分)
1. — Would you like some ______ — Yes, a little please.
A. apples B. juice C. eggs D. vegetables
2. Those ______ are from Canada. They speak French and English.
A. Germen B. German C. Germans D. Germany
3. My mother bought two ______ for me. They are really comfortable.
A. pair of shoe B. pairs of shoes C. pair of shoes D. pairs of shoe
4. The ______ of the new shopping mall is very modern.
A. design B. designing C. designer D. designed
5. — How many ______ are there in your school — About 1,200.
A. woman teacher B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teachers
6. This is ______ bedroom. They share it with each other.
A. Tom and Tim’s B. Tom’s and Tim’s C. Tom and Tim D. Tom’s and Tim
7. I need to write a report, so please give me ______.
A. a few papers B. a paper C. some pieces of paper D. many paper
8. The restaurant is only ten ______ walk from the subway station.
A. minute B. minutes C. minutes’ D. minute’s
9. There are many ______ eating grass on the farm.
A. sheeps B. sheep C. ship D. shoop
10. The little girl has a sweet ______. She sings beautifully.
A. sound B. noise C. voice D. throat
11. All the ______ in the library are very helpful.
A. librarian B. librarians C. librarys D. libraries
12. — Is the schoolbag your ______ — No, it’s my brother’s.
A. sister B. sisters C. sister’s D. sisters’
13. The ______ of the mountain is about 2,000 meters above sea level.
A. high B. height C. highly D. heavier
14. I want to buy three ______ and two ______ for the soup.
A. potato; tomato B. potatoes; tomatoes C. potatos; tomatos D. potato; tomatos
15. We have got a lot of ______ about the earthquake from the Internet.
A. informations B. information C. an information D. piece of information
题型Ⅱ 词形填空 (用括号内所给名词的适当形式填空，每空1分)
16. There are many ______ (sheep) on the grassland.
17. Could you pass me two ______ (knife) I need to cut the fruit.
18. All the ______ (woman) doctors in the hospital are very patient.
19. September 10th is ______ (teacher) Day. Let’s make some cards.
20. My brother has a room of his own. It’s one of the ______ (child) rooms.
21. I’d like three ______ (glass) of water and some bread.
22. The ______ (leaf) on the tree turn golden in autumn.
23. We saw many ______ (goose) swimming in the lake.
24. Those ______ (German) are visiting the history museum.
25. Two ______ (policeman) stood at the school gate to keep order.
26. Could you give me some ______ (advice) on how to improve my memory
27. I have a lot of ______ (homework) to do tonight.
28. These ______ (photo) remind me of my childhood.
29. The restaurant offers different kinds of ______ (sandwich).
30. My uncle has a few ______ (ox) on his farm.
31. The ______ (tooth) of the old man are not very strong.
32. It’s only a few ______ (mile) drive from here to the airport.
33. Both ______ (brother-in-law) are excellent lawyers.
34. The teacher wrote two ______ (sentence) on the blackboard.
35. We need more ______ (furniture) for our new apartment.
题型Ⅲ 语法填空·名词专练 (阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当形式)
Last Sunday, our class went to the old 36.______(people) home to do voluntary work. We brought many 37.______(gift), such as flowers and fruits. Some 38.______(girl) made beautiful cards. My friend Tom played the guitar and sang several 39.______(song). The elderly listened with big 40.______(smile) on their faces. I had an interesting conversation with a grandpa. He told me many 41.______(story) about his 42.______(child). He also showed me some old 43.______(photo). After that, we helped clean the 44.______(room). A nurse said, “Your help brings us lots of 45.______(warm).” I learned that 46.______(kind) and respect for the old are very important. We took a group photo at the gate. It’s one of the most unforgettable 47.______(memory) for me. On the way back, the teacher praised our 48.______(behave). I think we can get a lot of 49.______(pleasure) from helping others. Tomorrow is also 50.______(grandma) birthday, and I will buy a scarf for her.
※ 第50空注意所有格形式。
题型Ⅳ 单句改错 (每题有一处名词错误，找出并改正，共20题)
51. There are a lot of sheeps on the farm.
52. My mother gave me two piece of advice.
53. Those woman teachers are very popular among students.
54. It’s about ten minutes’s walk from my home to school.
55. This is my sister’s-in-law car.
56. How many tomatos do we need for the salad
57. I like reading news because they are very interesting.
58. The book’s cover is very colorful and attractive.
59. Tom and Jerry’s bedrooms are both tidy. (两人各自的房间)
60. Could you pass me some chalkes I want to draw.
61. Children’s Day is one of my favorite festival.
62. There is a lot of furnitures in the living room.
63. The three thiefs were caught by the police.
64. I have a friend of my father.
65. Both of the girl student are from Class One.
66. That’s an old photo of my grandfather’s, which was taken in 1980.
67. The doctor gave me several good advices on keeping healthy.
68. My shoes are old, I want to buy a new pair of shoe.
69. Two month’s holiday passed quickly.
70. There are many different kind of animals in the zoo.
参考答案与详细解析
【单项选择】
1. B (不可数名词juice，a little修饰) 2. C (German复数Germans) 3. B (两双鞋，pair复数，shoe用复数) 4. A (名词design设计) 5. B (woman teacher复数 women teachers) 6. A (共同拥有) 7. C (paper不可数，some pieces of paper) 8. C (十分钟路程，minutes’ walk) 9. B (sheep单复同形) 10. C (人的嗓音voice) 11. B (librarians复数) 12. C (妹妹的书包，名词所有格) 13. B (height高度) 14. B (potatoes, tomatoes) 15. B (information不可数)
【词形填空】
16. sheep 17. knives 18. women 19. Teachers’ 20. children’s 21. glasses 22. leaves 23. geese 24. Germans 25. policemen 26. advice 27. homework 28. photos 29. sandwiches 30. oxen 31. teeth 32. miles’ 33. brothers-in-law 34. sentences 35. furniture
【语篇填空】
36. People’s (老人院) 37. gifts 38. girls 39. songs 40. smiles 41. stories 42. childhood 43. photos 44. rooms 45. warmth (名词，温暖) 46. kindness 47. memories 48. behavior 49. pleasure 50. Grandma’s (奶奶的生日所有格)
【单句改错】
51. sheeps→sheep 52. piece→pieces 53. woman→women 54. minutes’s→minutes’ 55. sister’s-in-law→sister-in-law’s 56. tomatos→tomatoes 57. they→it (news不可数，用it指代) 58. 正确 (The book’s cover 可以，但也可改为the cover of the book，此处不算错；为严谨保留原句正确，但无错) 59. Tom and Jerry’s→Tom’s and Jerry’s (分别所有) 60. chalkes→chalk (不可数) 61. festival→festivals 62. furnitures→furniture 63. thiefs→thieves 64. of my father→of my father’s (双重所有格) 65. girl student→girl students 66. 正确 67. advices→advice 68. shoe→shoes 69. month’s→months’ 70. kind→kinds
2/2
考点1：名词（可数名词、不可数名词、名词所有格）
依据《义务教育英语课程标准（2022版）》及2023-2025年全国中考真题大数据，提炼出以下50个高频考点。考点覆盖词法、句法、语篇理解及书面表达，精准把握命题方向。现从考点1：名词（可数名词、不可数名词、名词所有格）开始逐项突破。
考点1 · 名词（可数名词、不可数名词、名词所有格）
名词是中考语法考查的基础与核心，近三年单项选择、语法填空、短文改错中涉及名词复数规则、不规则变化、不可数名词量化及所有格的题目占比超过12%。透彻掌握本专题，能有效避免写作与语篇填空中的“隐形失分”。
一、可数名词复数变化详解 + 实例
1. 规则变化：①一般情况加-s (book→books, pen→pens)。②以s, x, sh, ch结尾加-es (class→classes, box→boxes, brush→brushes, watch→watches)。③辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-es (family→families, story→stories)；元音+y直接加-s (boy→boys, key→keys)。④以f/fe结尾，变f/fe为v再加-es (leaf→leaves, knife→knives, wife→wives) 例外：roof→roofs, belief→beliefs。⑤以o结尾，有生命加-es (potato→potatoes, hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes)；无生命或外来词加-s (piano→pianos, photo→photos, radio→radios)。
实例精析：① There are many potatoes and tomatoes in the basket. ② My uncle took several photos on the Great Wall. ③ These knives are very sharp. ④ All the families in the neighborhood joined the party.
2. 不规则变化高频词： man→men, woman→women, child→children, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, goose→geese, mouse→mice, ox→oxen, phenomenon→phenomena(较难)。单复同形：sheep, deer, fish(表示条数), Chinese, Japanese, means, series, species。
中考实例：① How many sheep are there on the hill (2024·成都) ② Two German (应为Germans) visited our school yesterday. ③ The children are brushing their teeth.
二、不可数名词详解 & 常用量词搭配
不可数名词无复数形式，不能与a/an直接连用，也不能与many, few直接连用，常用much, little, a lot of, some, any修饰。表数量时用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”。常考不可数名词：advice, news, information, work, homework, housework, weather, fun, progress, furniture, equipment, bread, rice, meat, beef, pork, juice, water, tea, coffee, paper(纸), money, music, luck, knowledge, traffic, pollution。
正确表达： a piece of advice / two pieces of news / three glasses of water / a cup of coffee / a bag of rice
常见错误： an advice ( ) , many informations ( ) , a bread ( ) 。
注意：有些名词既可数又不可数，意义不同：a chicken(一只鸡) → chicken(鸡肉)；a glass(一个玻璃杯) → glass(玻璃)；a paper(一份报纸/论文) → paper(纸)。
三、名词所有格深度解析
1. ’s所有格：用于有生命的人或动物，以及时间、距离、国家、城市等。①单数名词加's (my sister’s bike)。②以s结尾的复数名词只加' (Teachers’ Day)。③不以s结尾的复数名词加's (children’s books)。④表示两人共同拥有时，最后一个名词加's (Tom and Jerry’s room 共同的房间)；分别拥有时每个名词后都加's (Tom’s and Jerry’s rooms)。2. of所有格：用于无生命事物，如the cover of the book。也可用于有生命的较长定语：a friend of my father’s (双重所有格)。双重所有格表示“其中之一”，结构：a/an/this/that +名词+of+名词性物主代词/’s所有格。
实例对比：① Lucy and Lily’s bedroom is big (两人共用一间)。② Lucy’s and Lily’s bedrooms are big (各自卧室)。③ a photo of my sister’s (我妹妹拥有的照片中的一张) vs a photo of my sister (我妹妹本人照片)。④ the window of the classroom 教室的窗户。⑤ today’s newspaper 今天的报纸。
四、名词作定语及其他易错点
名词作定语一般用单数形式，如apple tree → apple trees；但man/woman作定语时，需与被修饰名词数一致：a woman doctor → women doctors。易错点：复合名词复数，如passer-by → passers-by, mother-in-law → mothers-in-law。
中考命题聚焦：语法填空高频考点为名词复数不规则变化及不可数名词前的量词；完形填空常通过语境考查名词所有格的逻辑辨析；写作中名词单复数误用属于扣分痛点。请结合以下练习深度巩固。
专项提升练习
题型Ⅰ 单项选择 (共15小题，每小题2分)
1. — Would you like some ______ — Yes, a little please.
A. apples B. juice C. eggs D. vegetables
2. Those ______ are from Canada. They speak French and English.
A. Germen B. German C. Germans D. Germany
3. My mother bought two ______ for me. They are really comfortable.
A. pair of shoe B. pairs of shoes C. pair of shoes D. pairs of shoe
4. The ______ of the new shopping mall is very modern.
A. design B. designing C. designer D. designed
5. — How many ______ are there in your school — About 1,200.
A. woman teacher B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teachers
6. This is ______ bedroom. They share it with each other.
A. Tom and Tim’s B. Tom’s and Tim’s C. Tom and Tim D. Tom’s and Tim
7. I need to write a report, so please give me ______.
A. a few papers B. a paper C. some pieces of paper D. many paper
8. The restaurant is only ten ______ walk from the subway station.
A. minute B. minutes C. minutes’ D. minute’s
9. There are many ______ eating grass on the farm.
A. sheeps B. sheep C. ship D. shoop
10. The little girl has a sweet ______. She sings beautifully.
A. sound B. noise C. voice D. throat
11. All the ______ in the library are very helpful.
A. librarian B. librarians C. librarys D. libraries
12. — Is the schoolbag your ______ — No, it’s my brother’s.
A. sister B. sisters C. sister’s D. sisters’
13. The ______ of the mountain is about 2,000 meters above sea level.
A. high B. height C. highly D. heavier
14. I want to buy three ______ and two ______ for the soup.
A. potato; tomato B. potatoes; tomatoes C. potatos; tomatos D. potato; tomatos
15. We have got a lot of ______ about the earthquake from the Internet.
A. informations B. information C. an information D. piece of information
题型Ⅱ 词形填空 (用括号内所给名词的适当形式填空，每空1分)
16. There are many ______ (sheep) on the grassland.
17. Could you pass me two ______ (knife) I need to cut the fruit.
18. All the ______ (woman) doctors in the hospital are very patient.
19. September 10th is ______ (teacher) Day. Let’s make some cards.
20. My brother has a room of his own. It’s one of the ______ (child) rooms.
21. I’d like three ______ (glass) of water and some bread.
22. The ______ (leaf) on the tree turn golden in autumn.
23. We saw many ______ (goose) swimming in the lake.
24. Those ______ (German) are visiting the history museum.
25. Two ______ (policeman) stood at the school gate to keep order.
26. Could you give me some ______ (advice) on how to improve my memory
27. I have a lot of ______ (homework) to do tonight.
28. These ______ (photo) remind me of my childhood.
29. The restaurant offers different kinds of ______ (sandwich).
30. My uncle has a few ______ (ox) on his farm.
31. The ______ (tooth) of the old man are not very strong.
32. It’s only a few ______ (mile) drive from here to the airport.
33. Both ______ (brother-in-law) are excellent lawyers.
34. The teacher wrote two ______ (sentence) on the blackboard.
35. We need more ______ (furniture) for our new apartment.
题型Ⅲ 语法填空·名词专练 (阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当形式)
Last Sunday, our class went to the old 36.______(people) home to do voluntary work. We brought many 37.______(gift), such as flowers and fruits. Some 38.______(girl) made beautiful cards. My friend Tom played the guitar and sang several 39.______(song). The elderly listened with big 40.______(smile) on their faces. I had an interesting conversation with a grandpa. He told me many 41.______(story) about his 42.______(child). He also showed me some old 43.______(photo). After that, we helped clean the 44.______(room). A nurse said, “Your help brings us lots of 45.______(warm).” I learned that 46.______(kind) and respect for the old are very important. We took a group photo at the gate. It’s one of the most unforgettable 47.______(memory) for me. On the way back, the teacher praised our 48.______(behave). I think we can get a lot of 49.______(pleasure) from helping others. Tomorrow is also 50.______(grandma) birthday, and I will buy a scarf for her.
※ 第50空注意所有格形式。
题型Ⅳ 单句改错 (每题有一处名词错误，找出并改正，共20题)
51. There are a lot of sheeps on the farm.
52. My mother gave me two piece of advice.
53. Those woman teachers are very popular among students.
54. It’s about ten minutes’s walk from my home to school.
55. This is my sister’s-in-law car.
56. How many tomatos do we need for the salad
57. I like reading news because they are very interesting.
58. The book’s cover is very colorful and attractive.
59. Tom and Jerry’s bedrooms are both tidy. (两人各自的房间)
60. Could you pass me some chalkes I want to draw.
61. Children’s Day is one of my favorite festival.
62. There is a lot of furnitures in the living room.
63. The three thiefs were caught by the police.
64. I have a friend of my father.
65. Both of the girl student are from Class One.
66. That’s an old photo of my grandfather’s, which was taken in 1980.
67. The doctor gave me several good advices on keeping healthy.
68. My shoes are old, I want to buy a new pair of shoe.
69. Two month’s holiday passed quickly.
70. There are many different kind of animals in the zoo.
参考答案与详细解析
【单项选择】
1. B (不可数名词juice，a little修饰) 2. C (German复数Germans) 3. B (两双鞋，pair复数，shoe用复数) 4. A (名词design设计) 5. B (woman teacher复数 women teachers) 6. A (共同拥有) 7. C (paper不可数，some pieces of paper) 8. C (十分钟路程，minutes’ walk) 9. B (sheep单复同形) 10. C (人的嗓音voice) 11. B (librarians复数) 12. C (妹妹的书包，名词所有格) 13. B (height高度) 14. B (potatoes, tomatoes) 15. B (information不可数)
【词形填空】
16. sheep 17. knives 18. women 19. Teachers’ 20. children’s 21. glasses 22. leaves 23. geese 24. Germans 25. policemen 26. advice 27. homework 28. photos 29. sandwiches 30. oxen 31. teeth 32. miles’ 33. brothers-in-law 34. sentences 35. furniture
【语篇填空】
36. People’s (老人院) 37. gifts 38. girls 39. songs 40. smiles 41. stories 42. childhood 43. photos 44. rooms 45. warmth (名词，温暖) 46. kindness 47. memories 48. behavior 49. pleasure 50. Grandma’s (奶奶的生日所有格)
【单句改错】
51. sheeps→sheep 52. piece→pieces 53. woman→women 54. minutes’s→minutes’ 55. sister’s-in-law→sister-in-law’s 56. tomatos→tomatoes 57. they→it (news不可数，用it指代) 58. 正确 (The book’s cover 可以，但也可改为the cover of the book，此处不算错；为严谨保留原句正确，但无错) 59. Tom and Jerry’s→Tom’s and Jerry’s (分别所有) 60. chalkes→chalk (不可数) 61. festival→festivals 62. furnitures→furniture 63. thiefs→thieves 64. of my father→of my father’s (双重所有格) 65. girl student→girl students 66. 正确 67. advices→advice 68. shoe→shoes 69. month’s→months’ 70. kind→kinds
2/2