中考英语一轮话题复习 专项考点（二）家庭、朋友与周围的人（含答案）
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| 名称 | 中考英语一轮话题复习 专项考点（二）家庭、朋友与周围的人（含答案） |
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中考英语一轮话题复习（二）家庭、朋友与周围的人
备考提示： 家庭与朋友是中考交际话题的核心，常出现在听力、完形、阅读及书面表达中。2026年中考趋势强调真实语境下的亲情、友情表达，复习需熟练掌握人物关系词汇、描述性格及日常交往的句型，并灵活运用一般现在时、现在进行时及形容词比较级。本专项按知识体系设计，兼顾基础与能力提升。
一、核心知识梳理
1. 话题词汇与短语（按知识点顺序）
家庭成员： grandfather/grandpa, grandmother/grandma, father/dad, mother/mom, parent(s), uncle, aunt, cousin, brother, sister, son, daughter, grandson, granddaughter.
朋友与周围人： friend, classmate, desk mate, neighbor, teammate, pen pal, stranger, relative.
性格品质： kind, friendly, helpful, honest, patient, humorous, outgoing, shy, strict, hard-working, gentle, warm-hearted.
常用短语： get on/along well with, take care of / look after, care about, share…with…, help each other, argue with, make up (和好), be close to, be strict with, be proud of, be similar to, be different from.
日常互动： have a conversation, do housework together, go for a walk, celebrate birthday, give advice, support each other.
2. 核心句型与交际功能
介绍家人与朋友： This is my father. He is a teacher. / Let me introduce my best friend Mike to you.
描述外貌与性格： She has big eyes and long curly hair. / He is outgoing and always makes us laugh.
谈论关系与相处： I get on well with my classmates. / We often help each other with study.
表达情感： I’m proud of my mother. / Thank you for being my friend. / I’m sorry for arguing with you.
询问与回应： —What is your brother like —He is kind and patient. / —Who is your favorite person —My grandmother, because she is very caring.
3. 语法重点——形容词比较级与最高级（描述人物特征）
比较级用法： 用于两者之间，标志词than。构成规则：一般加-er (taller, shorter)；以e结尾加-r (nicer)；重读闭音节双写加-er (bigger, thinner)；辅音+y变i加-er (happier, friendlier)；多音节词前加more (more outgoing, more beautiful)。
最高级用法： 用于三者或以上，标志词the…in/of/among。构成规则类似比较级，最高级加-est或most (the tallest, the most hard-working)。
常用句型： Tom is taller than Jim. / Lily is the most helpful girl in our class. / My brother is as funny as my dad. (同级比较)
4. 写作模板——介绍家人或朋友
开头： I’d like to tell you something about my family / my best friend.
人物基本信息： There are three people in my family: my parents and me. / My best friend is Li Ming, a 15-year-old boy.
外貌性格： My mother is of medium height with curly hair. She is kind and patient. / Li Ming is tall and wears glasses. He is humorous and hard-working.
日常互动与情感： We often go hiking together on weekends. He always helps me when I’m in trouble. I am lucky to have such a friend.
结尾： That’s my family. I love them deeply. / I hope our friendship will last forever.
易错提醒： ① 区分“What is he like ”（问性格）与“What does he look like ”（问外貌）；② “be strict with sb.”对某人严格，“be strict in sth.”对某事严格；③ 比较级前不能加more与-er双重比较；④ “one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词”结构。
二、专项考点·精巧练习
题型设计遵循由词到句、由句到篇的原则，涵盖单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、词汇运用、句型转换及书面表达，难度贴合中考。
题型一：单项选择（共10小题，每小题2分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
1. —What is your uncle like —______.
A. He likes playing football B. He is tall and strong C. He is kind and friendly D. He wants to be a doctor
2. My sister is ______ than me. She always gets better grades.
A. more hard-working B. hard-working C. most hard-working D. the hard-working
3. Tom and Jerry are good friends. They often ______ each other.
A. help B. helps C. is helping D. will help
4. —Who is the girl ______ red —She is my cousin.
A. in B. on C. with D. of
5. My parents are strict ______ me, but I know they love me.
A. in B. with C. at D. for
6. —______ do you get on with your classmates —Very well.
A. What B. How C. Why D. When
7. Of all the students, Lily is ______. She always helps others.
A. friendly B. friendlier C. the friendliest D. most friendly
8. My mother is a doctor. She works in a hospital. She ______ very hard every day.
A. work B. works C. worked D. is working
9. —Hi, Mike. This is my friend, Tom. —______. Nice to meet you, Tom.
A. How are you B. What’s up C. How do you do D. Good morning
10. My grandfather is 80 years old, but he is still ______. He goes for a walk every morning.
A. energetic B. lazy C. shy D. nervous
题型二：完形填空（共10空，每空1.5分）
阅读下面短文，从各题所给的选项中选出最佳答案。
I have a wonderful family. My father is a policeman. He is tall and strong. He is very ___11___ and always helps people in need. My mother is a nurse. She is kind and ___12___. She takes good care of patients. I have a younger brother named Tony. He is 10 years old. Tony is a little naughty, but he is ___13___ and makes us laugh a lot.
My best friend is Zhang Wei. We are in the same class. Zhang Wei is ___14___ than me in math, so he often helps me with it. In return, I help him with English. We ___15___ a lot in common. Both of us love playing basketball. After school, we often play together. Zhang Wei is also very ___16___. Last week, I lost my wallet, and he lent me some money without hesitation.
I am proud of my family and my friend. They ___17___ me become a better person. I think the most important thing in life is to love and ___18___ each other. As the saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend ___19___.” I will always treasure the people ___20___ me.
11. A. lazy B. brave C. shy D. funny
12. A. patient B. impatient C. angry D. strict
13. A. humorous B. serious C. quiet D. boring
14. A. good B. well C. better D. best
15. A. have B. has C. are D. is
16. A. selfish B. generous C. mean D. careless
17. A. make B. makes C. making D. to make
18. A. fight with B. argue with C. care for D. laugh at
19. A. indeed B. instead C. never D. just
20. A. behind B. around C. beside D. forward
题型三：阅读理解（共5小题，每小题2分）
My Neighbor, Mrs. Green
Mrs. Green is my next-door neighbor. She is a 70-year-old lady with white hair and a warm smile. She lives alone because her children work in other cities. But she is never lonely. She is very active and friendly. Every morning, she waters the flowers in her garden and then goes to the community center to do tai chi.
Mrs. Green is always ready to help others. Last winter, when I had a high fever and my parents were at work, she took me to the hospital and stayed with me until my mom came. She also bakes cookies for the children in the neighborhood. Everyone likes her.
Although she is old, she learns new things. She is taking an online course to learn how to use a smartphone. She said, “I want to video chat with my grandchildren.” I think she is the most positive person I have ever known. I am lucky to have such a great neighbor.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
21. How old is Mrs. Green
A. 60 B. 65 C. 70 D. 75
22. Why does Mrs. Green live alone
A. She doesn’t like her children. B. Her children work far away. C. She wants to be independent. D. Her children passed away.
23. What did Mrs. Green do when the writer had a fever
A. She called the writer’s parents. B. She gave the writer some medicine. C. She took the writer to the hospital. D. She sent the writer to her home.
24. What is Mrs. Green learning now
A. How to cook B. How to use a smartphone C. How to play chess D. How to dance
25. Which word best describes Mrs. Green
A. Selfish B. Lonely C. Positive D. Strict
题型四：词汇运用（共8小题，每小题1.5分）
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、通顺。
26. My brother is much __________ (funny) than me. He always tells jokes.
27. My parents often encourage me __________ (work) hard for my dream.
28. Mr. Wang is one of the most __________ (popular) teachers in our school.
29. My friend Tom is very __________ (help). He often carries heavy bags for old people.
30. Last Sunday, my cousin and I __________ (go) to the museum together.
31. Please stop __________ (argue) with your sister. You should be friendly to each other.
32. Linda is as __________ (outgoing) as her mother. They both love parties.
33. I’m sorry for __________ (break) your glasses. It was my fault.
题型五：句型转换（共5小题，每小题2分）
34. My father is a doctor. My mother is a doctor, too. (合并为一句)
Both my father and my mother __________ doctors.
35. Mary is more outgoing than Lucy. (改为同义句)
Lucy is __________ outgoing __________ Mary.
36. They often help each other with housework. (对划线部分提问，
__________ do they often __________
37. My best friend is very kind. (改为感叹句)
__________ __________ my best friend is!
38. Tom gets along well with his classmates. (改为一般疑问句)
__________ Tom __________ along well with his classmates
题型六：书面表达（满分15分）
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友David来信说他想了解你最好的朋友。请你根据以下要点给他写一封回信，介绍你最好的朋友。
要点：1. 姓名、年龄、外貌特征；2. 性格特点及你们之间的相处方式；3. 你们共同的兴趣爱好；4. 他对你的影响或一件难忘的事。
要求：词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。内容完整，语言流畅。
Dear David,
Thank you for your letter. I’m happy to tell you about my best friend. _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes to you!
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案及解析
单项选择答案：
1. C (问性格，What is he like 回答应描述性格特点)
2. A (than提示比较级，hard-working多音节，more hard-working)
3. A (主语They复数，动词用原形help)
4. A (穿什么颜色的衣服用介词in)
5. B (be strict with sb. 对某人严格)
6. B (How do you get on with… 询问相处得如何)
7. C (of all students 范围三者以上，最高级the friendliest)
8. B (every day一般现在时，主语She三单，works)
9. C (初次见面正式问候，How do you do 或Nice to meet you. 但根据对话，上句已介绍，此处可选C保持正式)
10. A (80岁仍然精力充沛，energetic)
完形填空答案：
11. B (police勇敢brave) 12. A (护士有耐心patient) 13. A (幽默的humorous) 14. C (than比较级，better in math) 15. A (have a lot in common) 16. B (慷慨的generous) 17. A (make sb. do, 动词原形) 18. C (关心彼此care for) 19. A (患难见真情，indeed确实) 20. B (周围的人around me)
阅读理解答案：
21. C (70岁) 22. B (孩子在外地工作) 23. C (带作者去医院) 24. B (学习用智能手机) 25. C (积极向上的positive)
词汇运用答案：
26. funnier 27. to work 28. popular 29. helpful 30. went 31. arguing 32. outgoing 33. breaking
句型转换答案：
34. are 35. less; than 36. What; do 37. How kind 38. Does; get
书面表达参考范文：
Dear David,
Thank you for your letter. I’m happy to tell you about my best friend. His name is Wang Qiang. He is 15 years old and is of medium height with short black hair. He is outgoing and humorous, so he is very popular in our class. We get along well because we trust and respect each other. Both of us love playing soccer and reading science fiction. Last term, I failed the math exam, and he helped me review every day until I caught up. He is truly a friend in need. I am lucky to have him.
Best wishes to you!
Yours,
Li Hua
(评分标准：涵盖所有要点，语法正确，结构连贯，可得13-15分)
2/2
备考提示： 家庭与朋友是中考交际话题的核心，常出现在听力、完形、阅读及书面表达中。2026年中考趋势强调真实语境下的亲情、友情表达，复习需熟练掌握人物关系词汇、描述性格及日常交往的句型，并灵活运用一般现在时、现在进行时及形容词比较级。本专项按知识体系设计，兼顾基础与能力提升。
一、核心知识梳理
1. 话题词汇与短语（按知识点顺序）
家庭成员： grandfather/grandpa, grandmother/grandma, father/dad, mother/mom, parent(s), uncle, aunt, cousin, brother, sister, son, daughter, grandson, granddaughter.
朋友与周围人： friend, classmate, desk mate, neighbor, teammate, pen pal, stranger, relative.
性格品质： kind, friendly, helpful, honest, patient, humorous, outgoing, shy, strict, hard-working, gentle, warm-hearted.
常用短语： get on/along well with, take care of / look after, care about, share…with…, help each other, argue with, make up (和好), be close to, be strict with, be proud of, be similar to, be different from.
日常互动： have a conversation, do housework together, go for a walk, celebrate birthday, give advice, support each other.
2. 核心句型与交际功能
介绍家人与朋友： This is my father. He is a teacher. / Let me introduce my best friend Mike to you.
描述外貌与性格： She has big eyes and long curly hair. / He is outgoing and always makes us laugh.
谈论关系与相处： I get on well with my classmates. / We often help each other with study.
表达情感： I’m proud of my mother. / Thank you for being my friend. / I’m sorry for arguing with you.
询问与回应： —What is your brother like —He is kind and patient. / —Who is your favorite person —My grandmother, because she is very caring.
3. 语法重点——形容词比较级与最高级（描述人物特征）
比较级用法： 用于两者之间，标志词than。构成规则：一般加-er (taller, shorter)；以e结尾加-r (nicer)；重读闭音节双写加-er (bigger, thinner)；辅音+y变i加-er (happier, friendlier)；多音节词前加more (more outgoing, more beautiful)。
最高级用法： 用于三者或以上，标志词the…in/of/among。构成规则类似比较级，最高级加-est或most (the tallest, the most hard-working)。
常用句型： Tom is taller than Jim. / Lily is the most helpful girl in our class. / My brother is as funny as my dad. (同级比较)
4. 写作模板——介绍家人或朋友
开头： I’d like to tell you something about my family / my best friend.
人物基本信息： There are three people in my family: my parents and me. / My best friend is Li Ming, a 15-year-old boy.
外貌性格： My mother is of medium height with curly hair. She is kind and patient. / Li Ming is tall and wears glasses. He is humorous and hard-working.
日常互动与情感： We often go hiking together on weekends. He always helps me when I’m in trouble. I am lucky to have such a friend.
结尾： That’s my family. I love them deeply. / I hope our friendship will last forever.
易错提醒： ① 区分“What is he like ”（问性格）与“What does he look like ”（问外貌）；② “be strict with sb.”对某人严格，“be strict in sth.”对某事严格；③ 比较级前不能加more与-er双重比较；④ “one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词”结构。
二、专项考点·精巧练习
题型设计遵循由词到句、由句到篇的原则，涵盖单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、词汇运用、句型转换及书面表达，难度贴合中考。
题型一：单项选择（共10小题，每小题2分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
1. —What is your uncle like —______.
A. He likes playing football B. He is tall and strong C. He is kind and friendly D. He wants to be a doctor
2. My sister is ______ than me. She always gets better grades.
A. more hard-working B. hard-working C. most hard-working D. the hard-working
3. Tom and Jerry are good friends. They often ______ each other.
A. help B. helps C. is helping D. will help
4. —Who is the girl ______ red —She is my cousin.
A. in B. on C. with D. of
5. My parents are strict ______ me, but I know they love me.
A. in B. with C. at D. for
6. —______ do you get on with your classmates —Very well.
A. What B. How C. Why D. When
7. Of all the students, Lily is ______. She always helps others.
A. friendly B. friendlier C. the friendliest D. most friendly
8. My mother is a doctor. She works in a hospital. She ______ very hard every day.
A. work B. works C. worked D. is working
9. —Hi, Mike. This is my friend, Tom. —______. Nice to meet you, Tom.
A. How are you B. What’s up C. How do you do D. Good morning
10. My grandfather is 80 years old, but he is still ______. He goes for a walk every morning.
A. energetic B. lazy C. shy D. nervous
题型二：完形填空（共10空，每空1.5分）
阅读下面短文，从各题所给的选项中选出最佳答案。
I have a wonderful family. My father is a policeman. He is tall and strong. He is very ___11___ and always helps people in need. My mother is a nurse. She is kind and ___12___. She takes good care of patients. I have a younger brother named Tony. He is 10 years old. Tony is a little naughty, but he is ___13___ and makes us laugh a lot.
My best friend is Zhang Wei. We are in the same class. Zhang Wei is ___14___ than me in math, so he often helps me with it. In return, I help him with English. We ___15___ a lot in common. Both of us love playing basketball. After school, we often play together. Zhang Wei is also very ___16___. Last week, I lost my wallet, and he lent me some money without hesitation.
I am proud of my family and my friend. They ___17___ me become a better person. I think the most important thing in life is to love and ___18___ each other. As the saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend ___19___.” I will always treasure the people ___20___ me.
11. A. lazy B. brave C. shy D. funny
12. A. patient B. impatient C. angry D. strict
13. A. humorous B. serious C. quiet D. boring
14. A. good B. well C. better D. best
15. A. have B. has C. are D. is
16. A. selfish B. generous C. mean D. careless
17. A. make B. makes C. making D. to make
18. A. fight with B. argue with C. care for D. laugh at
19. A. indeed B. instead C. never D. just
20. A. behind B. around C. beside D. forward
题型三：阅读理解（共5小题，每小题2分）
My Neighbor, Mrs. Green
Mrs. Green is my next-door neighbor. She is a 70-year-old lady with white hair and a warm smile. She lives alone because her children work in other cities. But she is never lonely. She is very active and friendly. Every morning, she waters the flowers in her garden and then goes to the community center to do tai chi.
Mrs. Green is always ready to help others. Last winter, when I had a high fever and my parents were at work, she took me to the hospital and stayed with me until my mom came. She also bakes cookies for the children in the neighborhood. Everyone likes her.
Although she is old, she learns new things. She is taking an online course to learn how to use a smartphone. She said, “I want to video chat with my grandchildren.” I think she is the most positive person I have ever known. I am lucky to have such a great neighbor.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
21. How old is Mrs. Green
A. 60 B. 65 C. 70 D. 75
22. Why does Mrs. Green live alone
A. She doesn’t like her children. B. Her children work far away. C. She wants to be independent. D. Her children passed away.
23. What did Mrs. Green do when the writer had a fever
A. She called the writer’s parents. B. She gave the writer some medicine. C. She took the writer to the hospital. D. She sent the writer to her home.
24. What is Mrs. Green learning now
A. How to cook B. How to use a smartphone C. How to play chess D. How to dance
25. Which word best describes Mrs. Green
A. Selfish B. Lonely C. Positive D. Strict
题型四：词汇运用（共8小题，每小题1.5分）
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、通顺。
26. My brother is much __________ (funny) than me. He always tells jokes.
27. My parents often encourage me __________ (work) hard for my dream.
28. Mr. Wang is one of the most __________ (popular) teachers in our school.
29. My friend Tom is very __________ (help). He often carries heavy bags for old people.
30. Last Sunday, my cousin and I __________ (go) to the museum together.
31. Please stop __________ (argue) with your sister. You should be friendly to each other.
32. Linda is as __________ (outgoing) as her mother. They both love parties.
33. I’m sorry for __________ (break) your glasses. It was my fault.
题型五：句型转换（共5小题，每小题2分）
34. My father is a doctor. My mother is a doctor, too. (合并为一句)
Both my father and my mother __________ doctors.
35. Mary is more outgoing than Lucy. (改为同义句)
Lucy is __________ outgoing __________ Mary.
36. They often help each other with housework. (对划线部分提问，
__________ do they often __________
37. My best friend is very kind. (改为感叹句)
__________ __________ my best friend is!
38. Tom gets along well with his classmates. (改为一般疑问句)
__________ Tom __________ along well with his classmates
题型六：书面表达（满分15分）
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友David来信说他想了解你最好的朋友。请你根据以下要点给他写一封回信，介绍你最好的朋友。
要点：1. 姓名、年龄、外貌特征；2. 性格特点及你们之间的相处方式；3. 你们共同的兴趣爱好；4. 他对你的影响或一件难忘的事。
要求：词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。内容完整，语言流畅。
Dear David,
Thank you for your letter. I’m happy to tell you about my best friend. _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes to you!
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案及解析
单项选择答案：
1. C (问性格，What is he like 回答应描述性格特点)
2. A (than提示比较级，hard-working多音节，more hard-working)
3. A (主语They复数，动词用原形help)
4. A (穿什么颜色的衣服用介词in)
5. B (be strict with sb. 对某人严格)
6. B (How do you get on with… 询问相处得如何)
7. C (of all students 范围三者以上，最高级the friendliest)
8. B (every day一般现在时，主语She三单，works)
9. C (初次见面正式问候，How do you do 或Nice to meet you. 但根据对话，上句已介绍，此处可选C保持正式)
10. A (80岁仍然精力充沛，energetic)
完形填空答案：
11. B (police勇敢brave) 12. A (护士有耐心patient) 13. A (幽默的humorous) 14. C (than比较级，better in math) 15. A (have a lot in common) 16. B (慷慨的generous) 17. A (make sb. do, 动词原形) 18. C (关心彼此care for) 19. A (患难见真情，indeed确实) 20. B (周围的人around me)
阅读理解答案：
21. C (70岁) 22. B (孩子在外地工作) 23. C (带作者去医院) 24. B (学习用智能手机) 25. C (积极向上的positive)
词汇运用答案：
26. funnier 27. to work 28. popular 29. helpful 30. went 31. arguing 32. outgoing 33. breaking
句型转换答案：
34. are 35. less; than 36. What; do 37. How kind 38. Does; get
书面表达参考范文：
Dear David,
Thank you for your letter. I’m happy to tell you about my best friend. His name is Wang Qiang. He is 15 years old and is of medium height with short black hair. He is outgoing and humorous, so he is very popular in our class. We get along well because we trust and respect each other. Both of us love playing soccer and reading science fiction. Last term, I failed the math exam, and he helped me review every day until I caught up. He is truly a friend in need. I am lucky to have him.
Best wishes to you!
Yours,
Li Hua
(评分标准：涵盖所有要点，语法正确，结构连贯，可得13-15分)
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