2026年浙江省中考英语二轮语法专项复习课件：名词(共54张PPT)

(共54张PPT)
名词
【教材链接】
七年级上册Module 2、Module 4及语法附属页P81-P82；
九年级下册Module 1及语法附属页P89-P91。
【2026年浙江中考考向预测】
浙江中考对名词的考查侧重于名词的辨析、单复数以及词形转化。预测2026年浙江中考仍然延续以往风格：完形填空侧重名词的辨析，词汇运用侧重名词的拼写、单复数以及词形转化，语法填空侧重名词的单复数以及词形转化。
1.普通名词&专有名词、可数名词&不可数名词
名词可以分为普通名词和专有名词；按所表示的事物的性质，普通名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 如：desk， worker， apple
集体名词 如：family， team， class
不可数 名词 物质名词 如：air， rice， water
抽象名词 如：love， happiness， friendship
专有名词 不可数名词 表示人名、尊称或头衔的名词 如：Li Hua， Lady Jane Grey， Doctor Liu
表示团体、机构的名词 如：United Nations， World Health Organization
表示星期、月份和节日的名词 如：Sunday， January， the Spring Festival
表示国名、地名和山河名的名词 如：China， Zhejiang， the Yellow River
【注意】
1.专有名词的第一个字母通常大写。如：Mike (迈克)， Tokyo (东京)， Chinese (中国人)。
2.有的普通名词与专有名词词形相同，只是用作普通名词时首字母用小写，而用作专有名词时首字母用大写。
如：He saw the best china in China. 他在中国见到了最好的瓷器。
2.简单名词&复合名词
按照构词法，名词可以分为简单名词和复合名词。
简单名词 由单个名词构成 如：student， idea， parent， cat， pen
复合名词 由一个名词加一个或多个名词或其他词类构成 如：grandfather， newspaper， playground， storybook， dinner table
Hangzhou is _______(home/house/family/room) to hundreds of foreign friends who are studying or working here.
【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。home指“家”，带有感彩；house强调“房屋；住宅”；family强调“家庭；亲属”；room指“房间”。由句意“杭州是在这里学习或工作的众多外国友人的家。”可知，此处应填入home。
【归纳总结】做这类考查名词词义辨析的题目时，先要弄清各词义之间的用法差异，再根据语境进行选择；另外，清楚题意后，还要明确可数名词与不可数名词的用法，再比较得出答案。
1.There is a delicious ____________ (气味) coming from the kitchen. Is Mum cooking fish
2.“Take a journey to Yangzhou in the misty flowery ________ (三月)” is a popular saying.[2025·江苏扬州]
3.As you grow up， you’ll find that many of your problems are just a ____________ (块) of cake.[2025·江苏苏州改编]
smell
March
piece
4.If Mike works hard， his ____________ (梦想) of being a scientist will come true.[2023·宁波]
5.All of us have a body ____________ (钟)， which controls our sleeping and waking time. [2025·四川乐山]
dream
clock
6.
(1)The key to ____________ is to see all the beauty of the world.[2025·黑龙江龙东改编]
(2)The government has started a three-year action plan to help people control their ____________ to fight against obesity (肥胖).[2025·山东泰安改编]
(3)I couldn’t get enough ____________ because I worried about the maths test result.
sleep　weigh　happy
happiness
weight
sleep
1.可数名词的单、复数
规则 变化 一般在名词的结尾加-s 如：book→books； map→maps； pig→pigs； tree→trees
以s， x， ch， sh结尾的名词加-es 如：bus→buses； box→boxes； watch→watches； brush→brushes
特殊情况：-ch发音为/k/的名词加-s，如：stomach→stomachs
规则 变化 以y结尾的名词 y前是元音字母的，加-s 如：boy→boys； day→days； way→ways； key→keys； journey→journeys； monkey→monkeys
y前是辅音字母的，把y变为i，再加-es 如：baby→babies； candy→candies； company→companies；
enemy→enemies； story→stories； twenty→twenties
规则 变化 以o结尾的名词 无生命的，加-s 如：photo→photos； radio→radios
有生命的，多数情况下加-es 巧记：英雄(hero)吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato)。
以f， fe结尾的名词 有的加-s 如：belief→beliefs； roof→roofs
多数情况下把f/fe变为v，再加-es 巧记：树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄，妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮。架(shelf)后蹿出一只狼(wolf)，就像小偷(thief)玩命(life)逃。
不规则 变化 变a为e型 如：man→men； woman→women； Englishman→Englishmen；
Frenchman→Frenchmen
特殊情况：human→humans； German→Germans
变oo为ee型 如：foot→feet； tooth→teeth
单复数同形 如：Chinese中国人； Japanese日本人； deer鹿； sheep羊； fish鱼(表示鱼的条数)
其他形式 如：child→children； mouse→mice
【注意】
有些名词表面为复数形式，其实为单数名词 如：news新闻； physics物理； the United States美国
有些名词，往往以复数形式出现 如：chopsticks 筷子； clothes衣服； glasses眼镜； jeans牛仔裤；
pants裤子； scissors剪刀； socks短袜； trousers长裤
有些名词表达复数概念，往往作为一个整体看待。如果要表达单个数量，只能换用其他名词 如：police→a policeman/policewoman；
people→a person/man/woman
(注意：people表示“民族；种
族”时，复数形式是peoples)
复合名词的单复数形式，通常体现在最后一个名词上 如：a pencil box→pencil boxes； a girl student→girl students
由man/woman构成的复合名词，复数形式要变为men/women+复数名词 如：a man doctor→men doctors；
a woman teacher→women teachers
表示“某国人”的名词，单复数变化不同 口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面
2.不可数名词
常见的不可数名词 物质名词 如：milk， paper， wood
抽象名词 如：value， pleasure， beauty
专有名词 如：Beijing， Sunday， Tom
不可数名词的数量表达 一般没有复数形式，不能用不定冠词a/an或数词修饰
可用数量形容词修饰，常见的数量形容词有：some， much， a lot of/lots of， plenty of， a little， little 如：some orange juice， a little French， a lot of snow
可用“数词+计量名词+of+不可数名词”表示 如：a piece of bread， two bottles of water
1.Thanks to his hard _______， Lu Xun produced lots of famous _______in his life. (works/work)
【解析】句意：多亏了鲁迅的努力工作，他一生创作了许多著名的作品。根据句意可知，第一个空指“工作”，为不可数名词；第二个空指“作品”，为可数名词。故分别填入work和works。
【归纳总结】英语中还有很多类似于work这样用法的词，它们既是可数名词也是不可数名词，而且表达的意思不同，如：paper[U](纸张)，[C](试卷/论文)；glass[U](玻璃)，[C](玻璃杯/眼镜)；room[U](空间)，[C](房间)等。
2.—Could I help you
—Yes. I’d like to have 100 ___________________(pieces of papers/pieces of paper). I want my students to draw pictures.
【解析】 paper意为“纸张”时，是不可数名词，后面不能加-s；若表示数量，需借助短语a piece of，复数形式体现在piece上。由空格前的“100”可知，此处应用pieces of paper来表示。故填入pieces of paper。
【归纳总结】不可数名词的数量表达需要借助量词来完成，应用“数词+计量名词+of+不可数名词”。　
1.I prefer to visit the local farmers’ market to see live chickens and ducks， fresh ____________ (vegetable) and bright fruits. [2025·江苏扬州改编]
2.Its goal is to free us from endless rush that stops us from enjoying ____________ (moment) of rest. [2025·北京改编]
3.Different coloured foods are friendly to different __________ (part) of the body. [2025·甘肃兰州改编]
vegetables
moments
parts
4.The sunlight came through all the ____________ (window)， bringing in the hot summer air.[2025·重庆改编]
5.Tea has long been a popular drink in China. Chinese people love different ____________ (kind) of tea. [2025·重庆改编]
windows
kinds
6.
(1)In my small city， we join in many fun ____________. I love to go hiking with my family or friends， take bike rides， and walk through our nature park. [2025·甘肃白银、天水、武威]
(2)After three ____________ of learning， he created the so-called shuti of landscape painting.[2025·河南]
year　activity　camera　photo　restaurant
activities
years
(3)When people talk about eating food， they think of two places： their homes or ____________. [2025·浙江]
(4)Scientists took many ____________ of areas in space and piled them on top of each other to make the moons appear bright enough to discover. [2025·江苏连云港改编]
(5)Recently， a middle school in Chongqing has used four ____________ on the playground to follow students and record how fast they run. [2025·湖北]
restaurants
photos
cameras
’s所有格 构成 一般在名词的结尾加-’s 如：Du Fu’s poem杜甫的诗
以s结尾的复数名词，加-’ 如：my parents’ car 我父母的车
不以s结尾的复数名词，加-’s 如：the children’s balls 孩子们的球
复合名词加-’s 如：the woman teacher’s book女老师的书
’s所有格 用法 用于人或动物等有生命的名词后 如：an elephant’s ear 大象的耳朵
用于表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值等名词后 如：two months’ time 两个月时间
用于国家、城镇等名词后 如：China’s capital 中国的首都
用于表示诊所、店铺、住宅、公共建筑等名词后(’s后的名词常省略) 如：at the doctor’s在诊所
’s所有格 用法 用于构成不同的节日 如：Father’s Day父亲节
表示两人或多人共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加-’s；表示各自拥有时，各名词后都加-’s 如：Mary and Kate’s room 玛丽和凯特的房间(共有)； Mary’s and Kate’s rooms 玛丽和凯特的房间(不共有)
of所有格 用法 表示无生命名词的所有关系 如：the centre of the city 市中心
of后跟有后置定语的名词 如：the name of the boy with glasses 戴眼镜的男孩的名字
双重所 有格 用法 of+’s所有格 如：a friend of my sister’s 我姐姐的一个朋友
of+名词性物主代词 如：a dictionary of mine 我的一本词典
1.1st June is _______(children) Day.
【解析】句意：六月一日是儿童节。表示“一类人的”应用名词复数的所有格形式。children是child的复数，变所有格时在后面加“’s”，且儿童节是专有名词，首字母应大写。故填入Children’s。
【归纳总结】名词所有格：以s结尾的复数名词，在s后加“’”；不以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加“’s”。
2.—Who are the men over there
—They are ___________________(Mike and Jack’s/Mike’s and Jack’s) fathers. They are both teaching English in our school.
【解析】根据题干可知，此处指的是迈克和杰克各自的爸爸。若某人或某物为两人或两人以上共有，则只在最后一个名词词尾加“’s”；若非共有，则要在每个名词的词尾加“’s”。此处表示分别所有，应在每个名词的后面加“’s”。故填入Mike’s and Jack’s。
【归纳总结】共同拥有，“格”在最后；各自拥有，各有所“格”。　
1.Three years ago， I paid a visit to my ____________ (uncle) home in Sydney.
2.In the kitchen of the athletes’ village， there is a special system that can recognise ____________ (people) faces.
3.It shows us how important it is to learn about and respect each ____________ (other) traditions， and that different cultures can work together to create amazing things. [2025·湖北改编]
uncle’s
people’s
other’s
4.Once upon a time， there was a man. He saw a doorbell hanging on the ______________ (neighbour) door and wanted to steal it. [2025·丽水庆元县模拟改编]
5.A Chinese team has developed a small robot that can work for humans in the ____________ (world) deepest sea trench (海沟). [2025·四川成都改编]
neighbour’s
world’s
一、根据句意及汉语注释完成单词(每小题1分，共20分)
1.In one study， a school asked families to spend at least 30 ____________ (分钟) outside every day.
2.It is said that in 80% of ____________ (国家) around the world， people eat between 1，000 and 2，000 kinds of insects!
3.Alice， one of the cleaning ____________ (成员；分子)， felt happy seeing a lot of visitors helping pick up rubbish.
minutes
countries
members
4.Experts hope to study whether other mammals (哺乳动物) have this skill or not， so they can have a ____________ (机会) to better understand how different kinds of animals learn to communicate with each other.
5.Foxes are ____________ (敌人) of farm animals like chickens and sheep.
6.Compared with the same ____________ (时期) in 2023， the number of foreigners who visited China increased by more than three times in the first three months in 2024.
chance
enemies
period
7.Every New Year’s Eve， Sui would go into the houses and touch the children’s heads with a dirty ____________ (手指).
8.The scientists found that many similar genes (基因) are connected to the ____________ (感觉) of smell.
9.Many tourists come to see the Great Stalacpipe Organ in the US in July or ____________ (八月).
10.The people in the area admire the soldiers and regard them as ____________ (英雄).
finger
sense
August
heroes
11.This young scientist made great development because of his
curious ____________ (头脑).
12.As students， we’re learning that every action， big or small，
can have a huge __________________ (影响) on our planet.
13.Recently， I made a ____________ (决定) to go to look after
the old people there with some volunteers.
14.We took ____________ (自豪) in ourselves after we finally
succeeded in reaching the top of that high mountain.
mind
influence/effect
decision
pride
15.Baby marmots (土拨鼠) are born in late ____________ (春天) or early summer.
16.Once you’ve made sure everyone’s free time， add the trip ____________ (日期) to your calendars.
17.Even famous people are becoming ____________ (迷) of this ancient wisdom.
18.All the ______________ (乘客) felt thankful to the pilot after the plane landed safely.
spring
date
fans
passengers
19.I also learned some _________________ (方式) of studying and remembering things from the book.
20.For the first time in Jim’s young life， he couldn’t take his ____________ (眼睛) off the book.
ways/methods
eyes
二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空(每小题1分，共20分)
1.A father is always a real fighter in a little ____________ (kid) heart.
2.In a word， patience is a powerful quality. It’s like bright light that guides us through difficult times， helping us build better lives and even making a ____________ (different) to the world around us.
kid’s
difference
3.Forgetting unnecessary information can help our __________ (brain) work better.
4.Each ____________ (student) notebook has a special RFID tag (标签) with the name and the subject.
5.Once， Moon Goddess warned all the ____________ (animal) that the weather would be very dry in two days.
6.Amy has a nice cat. It is good at catching ____________ (mouse) and other small animals.
brains
student’s
animals
mice
7.Henry sometimes cooks ____________ (meal) for old people in his village.
8.The holiday reminds people of the ____________ (important) of family.
9.Although the radio programme is new， it already has a large number of ____________ (listener).
10.Mixing different cooking ____________ (style) together is a cool way to make new and exciting dishes.
meals
importance
listeners
styles
11.We would like to buy two ____________ (pair) of new shoes for our daughters.
12.In different ____________ (part) of China， the names of the lion dance are different.
13.Please tell me the ____________ (win) telephone number. I want to interview him.
14.The ____________ (Green) will pay a visit to the local museum tomorrow afternoon.
pairs
parts
winner’s
Greens
15.At the ____________ (begin)， they were shy and scared of standing on the stage.
16.It is recommended by the American Dental Association that you should brush your ____________ (tooth) twice a day for at least two minutes each time.
17.Zao Cha， or morning tea， is one of the most important morning ____________ (activity) of Guangdong people.
beginning
teeth
activities
18.The ____________ (rule) of the game are really simple with little running needed， so it is easy for players of all ages.
19.Inside the temple， I saw many old ____________ (building) and learned about the history.
20.A total of 40 people joined in the race， and seven of them gave up because of different ____________ (reason).
rules
buildings
reasons
三、阅读下面短文，填入括号中所给单词的正确形式(每小题1分，共8分)
【主旨大意】本文介绍了人们对电脑的不同看法。
Almost everybody says that computers are useful， but not everybody really likes them.
Computers truly can help people a lot. For example， they can help save much time， and they can help work out many 1.____________ (problem) people can’t solve easily. They can
problems
also teach students more knowledge. Some girls want to be 2.____________ (woman) scientists in the future after they learn something through computers. So more and more parents buy computers for their 3.____________ (child)， and they hope computers can help them improve their studies in school. However， to their surprise， some children just use computers to play games or watch 4.____________ (video).
women
children
videos
2.women　【解析】考查名词的数。此处名词woman作定语修饰scientist，因此变为复数时，woman和scientist都需要用复数形式。故填women。
In some 5.____________ (country)， people — even some professors — hate computers. They say computers cause lots of people to lose their 6.____________ (job) or bring them a lot of trouble.
Will computers bring trouble to people or can they bring people 7.____________ (please) It will only depend on 8.____________ (human) themselves. The choice is in their hands.
countries
jobs
pleasure
humans
7.pleasure　【解析】考查名词。短语bring sb. sth.意为“带给某人某物”，因此此处应用please的名词形式。故填pleasure。