中考英语语法复习代词导学案（无答案） 2026年人教版（2012）

1165860012026900中考语法复习 代词
中考考点
1．人称代词和物主代词的不同形式及其用法。
2．反身代词和指示代词的人称和数的变化。
3．不定代词和疑问代词的基本用法。
考点一 人称代词
1．分类
人称代词有人称、数、格的变化。详见下表：
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I

we

第二人称

you
you

第三人称
he


them

her

it
2．用法
人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或表语，宾格作动词或介词的宾语，也可作表语使用。如：
We all like him.我们都喜欢他。（we作主语，him 作宾语）
---Who is it？是谁？
---It's me.是我。（it作主语，me作表语）
当三种人称单数并列出现在句中时，一般顺序是you, he and I（即二、三、一）；
复数并列出现时顺序是we, you and they（即一、二、三）。
it 的用法
①可代替前面提到过的事物，也可代替可数名词单数或不可数名词。如：
This is a watch. It is new. 这是一块手表，它是新的。
②指时间、天气、距离等。如：
---How's the weather today？今天天气怎样？
---It's sunny. 天气晴朗。
It's eight o'clock in the evening. 现在是晚上8点钟。
③可代替动词不定式作句中的形式主语或形式宾语，也可用于某些固定句式中。如：
It's+adj./n.+(for/of sb)+to do sth (it 作形式主语）
sb find/think it+adj.+to do sth (it作形式宾语）
It takes sb some time to do sth (it 用于固定句式中）如：
▲对我而言，按时完成作业有困难。
hard for me the homework on time.
▲我们认为晚饭后散步很有益。
We think it helpful a walk after supper.
▲他花了三天时间读完了那本书。
_______ ___________him three days to finish reading the book.
考点二 物主代词
1．分类
物主代词是用来表示所有关系的词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
详见下表：
人称
数
形容词性
物主代词
名词性物主
代词
第一人称
单数
my

复数
our
ours
第二人称
单数
your

复数
your
yours
第三人称
单数
his

her
hers
its

复数
their
theirs
2．用法
形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，只能用于名词前作定语，起形容词的作用；名词性物主代词可单独使用，起名词的作用。名词性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词十名词。如：
This is his computer.=This computer is his. 这是他的电脑。
物主代词前不能再用a,an,the,this,that等词来修饰，如my book前面不能再加a。
考点三 反身代词
1．含义: 反身代词表示“某人自己”。详见下表：
人称
单数
复数
第一人称

ourselves
第二人称
yourself

第三人称
herself
himself


2．用法
（1）反身代词在句中用作宾语和表语（不能单独用作主语），和句子中的主语相呼应，表示主语动作的承受者或表现的特征是自己本身。如：
The girl is too young to look after . 这个女孩太小，不能照顾自己。（作宾语）
（2）反身代词可作主语或宾语的同位语，起强调主语或宾语的作用。如：
I myself can do this work well. 我自己能做好这项工作。（作主语的同位语）
You can ask the teacher herself. 你可以问问老师本人。（作宾语的同位语）
3．固定搭配
leave sb by oneself 把某人单独留下 help yourself to 随便吃／喝／用
by oneself 单独地 enjoy oneself 过得快乐；玩得开心
learn by oneself = teach oneself 自学 hurt oneself 伤害某人自己
come to oneself 苏醒 say to oneself 心里想；自言自语
make oneself at home 别拘束 lose oneself in 沉迷于
look after oneself 保重 look at oneself in a mirror 照镜子
考点四 指示代词
指示代词是表示指示概念的代词，可以在句子中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。指示代词有：
单数
复数
用法
this（这个）
these（这些）
指近处
that（那个）
those（那些）
指远处
1.this, that 可用于电话用语中，this代表自己，that则代表对方。如：
Hello! This is Jane.喂！我是简。
Is that Mike？你是迈克吗？
Who is that？你是谁？
2.it,one,that的用法区别
为了避免重复，可以用it,one,that代替上文出现的名词。但应注意以下几点：
（1）it 用来指上文提及的同一个事物或前面提及的情况；代替单数可数名词或不可数名词。如：
She enjoyed the story because it was very interesting.她喜欢这个故事，因为很有趣。
The food is delicious. I like it very much. 食物很可口，我很喜欢。
one用于避免重复单数可数名词。它既可代替事物，泛指同类事物中的一个，也可以代替人；其复数形式为ones，其所有格形式为one's，如save one's life 拯救某人的生命；
do/try one's best 尽某人的最大努力。如：
My sweater is very old. I'll buy a new one.我的毛衣很旧了，我要买件新的。
The green pencils are yours and the red ones are mine.绿色铅笔是你的，红色铅笔是我的。
（3）that 既可以代替可数名词，也可以代替不可数名词，其复数形式为those 如：
The population of the city is much larger than that of the town.这个城市的人口比那个镇的人口多很多。
The apples in the box are different from those on the table.箱子里的苹果与桌上的苹果不同。
（4）this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that和those常指前面已经讲到过的事物，起承上的作用。如：
I shall say this to you: he is an honest man. 我将对你说这一点：他是一个诚实的人。
He fell ill. That is why he didn't come. 他病了，那就是他没来的原因。
He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars. 他打破了玻璃，那花费了他5美元。
考点五 不定代词
1．定义
不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词大多可以代替名词和形容词。多数可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的不定代词有：some, any, no, none, one, all, every, each, other,another, either, neither, both, many, much, (a)few,（a)little,a lot of,lots of 以及some,any,no,every与thing,body或one构成的复合不定代词。
2．常用的意义相近的不定代词之间的辨析
（1）many， much，few,a few,little与a little
用法
肯定意义
否定意义
修饰可数名词
（复数）
many
（许多）
a few
（几个，一些）
few
（几乎没有）
修饰不可数
名词
much
（许多）
a little
（一点）
little
（很少，不多）
【活学活用】
①. Would you buy some sugar for me ? There is _________ left.
A. little B. much C. few D. many
②. There is __ ______ milk in the bottle.
A. a few B. much C. few D. many
③. 他有一些朋友，但是他几乎没有好朋友。
He has friends, but he has good friends.
④. 家里还有点肉，但是几乎没面包了。
There's still meat at home, but there's bread.
some与any
①二者均表示“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句。
②在疑问句中，表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时用some。如：
Would you like ?618490010782300 你想来点儿茶吧？
Would you please get for me? 请你帮我弄点儿水好吗？
【活学活用】
①. Would you like to buy me _______ apples？
A. some B. any C. both D. all
②. I wanted _____ water, but she didn’t have _____.
A. some; some B. some; any C. any; any D. any; some
③. I am free this week, you can come _____ day.
A. some B. any C. both D. all
（3）(the)other, (the)others与another
①other泛指“另外的”，不能单独使用，后接名词。
others等于“other+ 复数名词”，泛指别的人或物。
③the other（+ 单数可数名词）指“两者中的另一个”，常用于“one...the other...”结构。
④the others 等于“the other+ 复数名词”，表示“其余所有的人或物”。
⑤another 泛指“三者或三者以上中的另一个”。
如：
▲你有别的想法吗？Do you have any ___________ ideas？
▲我有两个兄弟。一个是医生，另一个是教师。
I have two brothers. is a doctor, is a teacher.
▲他总是乐意帮助别人。He is always ready to help .
▲他们中有五个人在教室里。其余的人呢？
Five of them are in the classroom. What about ？
▲别灰心，再试一次。
Don't lose heart. Have try.
（4） both, all, either, neither
both表示“两者都”，常构成短语“both...and...”；all表示 “三者或三以上都”either表示“两者中的任何一个”，常构成短语“either...or...”；neither表示“两者都不”,常构成短语“neither...nor...”。它们也都可与of短语搭配使用。例如：
Both of her sons ___________(be) policemen.
All the students ___________(be) here.
Either of them___________(be) an English teacher.
Neither of my parents ___________( want) me to be a worker.
【活学活用】
①．—You’re always studying. Come on! Let’s play soccer.
—______you want to do is to play soccer.
A. Either B. Neither C. All D. Both
②．—Which do you want to have, coffee or tea?
—I don’t like _______. I like orange juice.
A. all B. both C. neither D. either
③．There are many trees on _______ side of the street.
A. both B. all C. every D. either
（5）复合不定代词
-thing
-one
-body
every
everything
everyone
everybody
some
something
someone
somebody
any
anything
anyone
anybody
no
nothing
no one
nobody
指代人的：someone/somebody（某人）, anyone／anybody（任何人）, nobody（没人）,
everyone/everybody（每个人）。
指代事物的：something（某事，某物），anything（任何事）,nothing（没什么）,
everything（每件事，一切）。
请注意以下几点：
①以some和any开头的复合不定代词的用法与some和any的用法一样。（some和any的用法见上文）
②修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在其后。如：
Is there in today's newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么重要新闻吗？
③复合不定代词作主语视为第三人称单数。如：
Nobody his name. 没有人知道他的名字。
考点六 疑问代词
疑问代词主要有who（谁）,whom（谁）,which（哪一个／哪一些）,what（什么）和whose（谁的），它们常置于句子开头，用来构成特殊疑问句。如：
do you want to know？你想要知道什么？
shirt is this？这是谁的衬衫？
询问职业的表达方式：
［句式A] What＋助动词（do/does)＋主语＋do？如：
---What does your mother do？你母亲是干什么的？
---She teaches English. 她教英语。
［句式B] What＋系动词be＋主语？如：
---What are you？你是干什么的？
---I'm a teacher. 我是一位教师。
［句式C] What's someone's job（工作）？如：
---What's your job？你的工作是什么？
---I'm a doctor. 我是一名医生。
练一练
I.用所给词的适当形式填空
1. This isn't (she) watch. She lost hers.
2. My schoolbag is the same as (you).
3. They enjoyed (they) at the party.
4. (that) blue socks look very nice.
5. Everyone in our class (study) hard every day.
6. He doesn't have (something) to do.
7. (whom) spoke at the meeting?
8. (we) teachers are very friendly to us.
9. Don't make (his) feel sad.
10. My sister has a cat. (it) name is Mimi.
11. Let ___________ （we）have a meeting .
12. Mr Brown taught ___________ （we）physics last term.
13. I’m old enough to wash___________（I）clothes by myself. You can also wash ________（you）.
14. The book on the shelf is _________（her）. She wrote _________ （she）name on it.
15. Whose book is this? It’s_____________（I）.
16. Do you know_________（she）?_________ （she）books are really famous.
17. The old man learned to use Wechat（微信） by_________（he）.
18. He is a friend of ____________ ( I ).
II.从方框中选择适当的不定代词填空。
everyone, something, nothing, anything, someone, everything
---Did you get ____________ on your birthday?----Yes, I got a lot of gifts.
Come here, Tony, ____________ wants to see you.
They went shopping yesterday, but bought_____________.
___________ in our class knows the rules that we shouldn’t talk in class.
I know you are busy, but I have to tell you ___________.
This is my first time to Beijing, so ______________is interesting for me.
Ⅲ.单项填空
1. Boys and girls, help to some bananas.
A. you B. your C. yourself D. yourselves
2. Mary's answer is different from
A.we B. us C. our D. ours
3. Miss Dai teaches maths this term.
A. we B. us C. our D. ourselves
4. They have to tell us. Listen carefully,please.
A. nothing important B. something important
C. important something D. anything important
5. took him a day to finish the work.
A. This B. That C. It D. That's
6. The man has _______ friends in this city, so he often stay at home.
A.a few B.few C.little D.a little
7.______of my parents went to the movies because _____of them were too busy to go.
A.All, none B.Both, neither C.None, all D.Neither, both
8. I haven’t bought the shoes, because I like ____the style _____the colour.
A.both, and B.either, or C.neither, nor D.not only, but also
9.You have _______friends here, do you?
A.some B.few C.little D.many
10._____of us answered the phone, because we were all in the yard.
A. Either B. Neither C. All D. None
11.When you study, don’t think about ________ things at the same time.
A.the other B. other C. others D the others
12.---Is there ________ in the classroom now?---Yes, there are some girls.
A.someone B.anyone C.everyone D.no one
13.There isn't____in today's newspaper.
??? A. anything interesting B. something interesting
C. nothing interesting D. interesting anything?
14.---Are you free tomorrow? ---Yes, I am. I have ___________ to do.
A. anything special B. special anything C. nothing special D. special nothing
15.There is junk food here, and it is terrible.
A.too much, too much B. much too, much too
C. too much, much too D. much too, much too
16. I’ve got four different answers to the questions, but______of them is correct.
A.all B.neither C.both D.none