中考英语二轮专题复习 词法（名词）全国通用（含答案）

(全国通用)中考英语二轮专题复习 词法（名词）
一、核心知识梳理
1. 名词的分类
名词分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词表示特定的人、地方、机构等，首字母大写，如 Beijing, Tom, the Great Wall。普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单复数形式，如 book-books；不可数名词没有复数形式，如 water, rice, information。
2. 可数名词的复数变化
规则变化：① 一般加-s：book→books；② 以s, x, sh, ch结尾加-es：box→boxes, watch→watches；③ 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-es：city→cities；④ 以f或fe结尾，变f/fe为v加-es：leaf→leaves, knife→knives（注意：roof→roofs, belief→beliefs等例外）；⑤ 以o结尾，有生命加-es，无生命加-s：potato→potatoes, photo→photos。
不规则变化：man→men, woman→women, child→children, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice, goose→geese, ox→oxen；单复同形：sheep, deer, fish (指条数时), Chinese, Japanese；集体名词：people, police, cattle 表单数意义但常作复数用；family, class, team 可单可复。
3. 不可数名词的量化
不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与a/an或数词直接连用。表示数量时用：a piece of (paper), a cup of (tea), a glass of (water), a bottle of (milk), a bowl of (rice), a bag of (rice), a kilo of (meat), a slice of (bread), a loaf of (bread)。常用修饰词：much, little, a little, some, any, a lot of, plenty of。
4. 名词所有格
有生命的名词所有格：① 单数名词加's：Tom's book；② 复数名词以s结尾只加'：the teachers' office；③ 不以s结尾的复数名词加's：children's toys；④ 表示共同所有：Lucy and Lily's room (两人共有的)；表示各自所有：Lucy's and Lily's rooms (两人各自的)。
无生命的名词所有格常用 of 结构：the name of the school, the window of the room。表示时间、距离、国家、城市等可用's：today's newspaper, ten minutes' walk, China's economy。
5. 名词作定语
名词可以修饰另一个名词，表示材料、用途、类别等。此时前面的名词一般用单数形式：a shoe shop (鞋店), a coffee cup (咖啡杯), a stone bridge (石桥)。注意：sports meeting, clothes shop 等少数情况用复数。
6. 常考名词辨析
work/job: work 不可数，job 可数；advice/suggestion: advice 不可数，suggestion 可数；information/message: information 不可数，message 可数；news 不可数；furniture 不可数；equipment 不可数；progress 不可数。
易错提醒： ① fish 当“鱼肉”不可数，当“鱼的条数”单复同形，当“鱼的种类”复数加-es (fishes)。② people 作“人”时是集合名词，单数形式复数意义；作“民族”时可数，复数 peoples。③ 注意不可数名词前不能加 a/an，不能加数词，没有复数形式。④ 双重所有格：a friend of my father's。
二、专项考点·精巧练习
题型一：单项选择（共20小题，每小题1.5分）
1. There are many ______ in the fridge.
A. apple B. apples C. an apple D. the apple
2. I need two ______ of bread for breakfast.
A. piece B. pieces C. loaf D. loafs
3. This is ______ room. They share it.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily's C. Lucy's and Lily's D. Lucy's and Lily
4. My mother bought me a new pair of ______.
A. shoe B. shoes C. a shoe D. the shoe
5. The ______ are playing football on the playground.
A. child B. childs C. children D. childrens
6. Can you give me some ______ on how to learn English well
A. advices B. advice C. advise D. advises
7. It's about ten ______ walk from my home to school.
A. minute B. minutes C. minute's D. minutes'
8. There is little ______ in the bottle. Let's buy some.
A. water B. waters C. a water D. the water
9. The ______ of the new machine is very high.
A. price B. prices C. a price D. the price
10. I saw three ______ eating grass in the field.
A. sheeps B. sheep C. sheepes D. a sheep
11. The ______ desk is made of wood.
A. teacher B. teacher's C. teachers D. teachers'
12. We need to buy some ______ for the party.
A. furniture B. furnitures C. a furniture D. the furniture
13. The ______ of the building is about 50 meters.
A. tall B. high C. height D. highly
14. There are many ______ in the zoo.
A. deers B. deer C. a deer D. the deer
15. This is my ______ car. I bought it last year.
A. mother B. mother's C. mothers D. mothers'
16. How many ______ are there in your school
A. woman teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher
17. The ______ of the book is very moving.
A. end B. ending C. ended D. ends
18. My brother has two ______.
A. tooth B. toothes C. teeth D. tooths
19. This is a photo of my ______. They are my parents and me.
A. family B. families C. a family D. the family
20. The ______ of the mountain is 1,500 meters.
A. high B. height C. tall D. long
题型二：完形填空（共15空，每空1分）
My school is very beautiful. There are many ___21___ and flowers in the garden. The classrooms are big and clean. Each classroom has a ___22___ of desks and chairs. Our school has a big ___23___. We can borrow books from it. There is also a ___24___ where we have P.E. classes. The ___25___ of our school is very strict but kind. We have many ___26___ to learn, such as math, English, and history. My favorite subject is English. I want to be an English ___27___ in the future. After school, I often go to the ___28___ to play basketball with my classmates. Sometimes I go to the ___29___ to do my homework. On weekends, I help my parents do ___30___. I sweep the floor and take out the ___31___. I think doing chores is a good way to develop a sense of ___32___. My parents often give me some ___33___ on how to manage my time. I also listen to ___34___ to relax. Music is a great way to reduce ___35___. I love my school and my life.
21. A. tree B. trees C. a tree D. the tree
22. A. sets B. set C. piece D. pair
23. A. library B. libraries C. a library D. the library
24. A. gym B. gyms C. a gym D. the gym
25. A. headmaster B. headmasters C. headmaster's D. headmasters'
26. A. subject B. subjects C. a subject D. the subject
27. A. teach B. teacher C. teachers D. teaching
28. A. playground B. playgrounds C. a playground D. the playground
29. A. library B. libraries C. a library D. the library
30. A. housework B. houseworks C. a housework D. the housework
31. A. rubbish B. rubbishes C. a rubbish D. the rubbish
32. A. responsible B. responsibility C. responsibly D. responsibilities
33. A. advice B. advices C. advise D. advises
34. A. music B. musics C. a music D. the music
35. A. stressful B. stress C. stresses D. a stress
题型三：阅读理解（共2篇，10小题，每小题2分）
A. A Visit to the Zoo
Last Sunday, my parents took me to the zoo. We saw many animals. There were two pandas, three tigers, five lions, and many monkeys. The pandas were eating bamboo. They looked so cute. The tigers were sleeping under a tree. The monkeys were jumping from one tree to another. We also saw some birds. They had beautiful feathers. My mother bought me a toy panda as a souvenir. I had a great time. I learned that animals are our friends. We should protect them. The zoo is a good place for families to spend weekends.
36. How many pandas did the writer see
A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four
37. What were the tigers doing
A. Eating B. Sleeping C. Jumping D. Running
38. What did the writer’s mother buy for her
A. A toy panda B. A book C. A bird D. Some food
39. What does the writer think of animals
A. They are dangerous. B. They are our friends. C. They are scary. D. They are boring.
40. Where is the zoo
A. Not mentioned B. In the city center C. Near the school D. Far from home
B. My Dream Job
Everyone has a dream job. My dream is to be a doctor. Doctors save people’s lives. They work in hospitals and clinics. They need a lot of knowledge and skills. To become a doctor, I must study hard, especially biology and chemistry. I also need to be patient and kind. My parents support my dream. They always give me encouragement. I believe that with hard work, my dream will come true.
41. What is the writer’s dream job
A. Teacher B. Doctor C. Engineer D. Artist
42. Where do doctors work
A. Schools B. Hospitals C. Offices D. Factories
43. What subjects are important for becoming a doctor
A. Math and English B. Biology and chemistry C. History and geography D. Art and music
44. What qualities does a doctor need
A. Patience and kindness B. Strength and speed C. Creativity and humor D. Honesty and bravery
45. Who supports the writer’s dream
A. Teachers B. Friends C. Parents D. Classmates
题型四：任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分）
根据短文内容，完成下面的表格（每空不超过3个词）。
In a school, there are many kinds of teachers. Math teachers teach numbers and shapes. English teachers teach languages. Science teachers do experiments. History teachers tell stories about the past. Art teachers show how to draw. Music teachers teach singing and instruments. P.E. teachers help us exercise. Each teacher has a special room. The math room has many calculators. The science room has a lab. The art room has brushes and paints. The music room has a piano. The P.E. room has balls and mats. Teachers are very important. They help us learn and grow.
Subject Teacher Special items in the room
Math Math teacher 46. ________
47. ________ Science teacher A lab
Art 48. ________ Brushes and paints
Music Music teacher 49. ________
50. ________ P.E. teacher Balls and mats
题型五：词汇运用（共15小题，每小题1分）
用所给名词的适当形式填空。
51. There are five __________ (woman) in the room.
52. My sister has two __________ (tooth). They hurt.
53. Please give me two __________ (glass) of water.
54. The __________ (child) are playing in the park.
55. I need some __________ (information) about the train schedule.
56. This is my __________ (father) car. He bought it last week.
57. How many __________ (sheep) are there on the farm
58. There is little __________ (furniture) in the room.
59. The __________ (leaf) on the tree turn yellow in autumn.
60. I’d like a __________ (loaf) of bread.
61. The __________ (library) in our city are open to the public.
62. My mother gave me some good __________ (advice).
63. The __________ (photo) on the wall are very beautiful.
64. There are many __________ (people) in the square.
65. The __________ (hero) of the story is a young boy.
题型六：句型转换（共6小题，每小题2分）
66. This is my sister’s room. (改为复数形式)
These are my __________ __________.
67. There is a cup of tea on the table. (对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ cups of tea are there on the table
68. The boys have some apples. (改为单数形式)
The __________ has __________ apple.
69. That is a photo of my family. (改为同义句)
That is my __________ __________.
70. The school is ten minutes’ walk from here. (对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ is the school from here
71. This is Tom and Jerry’s room. (改为同义句，表示各自所有)
This is Tom’s room and __________ __________ room.
题型七：情景交际（共5空，每空2分）
根据对话情景，在空白处填上适当的句子，使对话完整。
A: Good morning, Tom. 72.________________________
B: I’m going to the supermarket. I need to buy some things.
A: 73.________________________
B: I need to buy two kilos of apples and a bottle of milk.
A: 74.________________________
B: About ten minutes’ walk. It’s near my home.
A: 75.________________________
B: I usually go shopping once a week. What about you
A: I often go with my mother. 76.________________________!
B: Thank you. See you later.
题型八：短文填空（共15空，每空1分）
Last Sunday, I went to the ___77___ (park) with my ___78___ (parent). We saw many beautiful ___79___ (flower) and ___80___ (tree). There was a big ___81___ (lake) in the middle. Some ___82___ (child) were flying ___83___ (kite). Others were playing ___84___ (game). I also saw a group of ___85___ (man) playing chess under a tree. My mother bought me an ___86___ (ice) cream. It was delicious. After that, we went to a ___87___ (book) store. I bought two ___88___ (dictionary). They are very useful for my ___89___ (study). In the evening, we had a big ___90___ (dinner) at a restaurant. The ___91___ (food) was great. I had a wonderful day.
题型九：书面表达（满分15分）
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom来信询问你最喜欢的老师以及你们学校的设施。请你根据以下要点给他写一封回信。
要点：1. 你最喜欢的老师是谁，他/她教什么科目，为什么喜欢；2. 你们学校有哪些主要设施（如图书馆、操场、实验室等）；3. 你对学校的总体感受。
要求：词数80-100，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。语言流畅，逻辑清晰，可适当发挥。
Dear Tom,
Thank you for your letter. You asked about my favorite teacher and our school. Now let me tell you.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案及解析
单项选择：1-5 BBBBC 6-10 BDAAB 11-15 BACBB 16-20 BBCAB
完形填空：21-25 BBAAA 26-30 BBA DA 31-35 ABAAB
阅读理解：36-40 BBA B A 41-45 BBBAC
任务型阅读：46. many calculators 47. Science 48. Art teacher 49. a piano 50. P.E.
词汇运用：51. women 52. teeth 53. glasses 54. children 55. information 56. father’s 57. sheep 58. furniture 59. leaves 60. loaf 61. libraries 62. advice 63. photos 64. people 65. hero
句型转换：66. sisters’ rooms 67. How many 68. boy; an 69. family photo 70. How far 71. Jerry’s
情景交际：72. Where are you going 73. What do you need to buy 74. How far is it 75. How often do you go shopping 76. Have a good time
短文填空：77. park 78. parents 79. flowers 80. trees 81. lake 82. children 83. kites 84. games 85. men 86. ice 87. book 88. dictionaries 89. studies 90. dinner 91. food
书面表达参考范文：
Dear Tom,
Thank you for your letter. You asked about my favorite teacher and our school. Now let me tell you. My favorite teacher is Miss Li. She teaches English. She is kind and patient. Her classes are interesting, so I love learning English. Our school has a big library, a modern playground, and a science lab. We often borrow books from the library and play sports on the playground. The lab is where we do experiments. I think our school is a great place to learn and grow. I feel lucky to study here. I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
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