(共18张PPT)
Unit 6 课时作业(三)
(分值:43分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共8题;每题1分,共8分)
1.The (大多数) of students find it hard to learn German.
2.We import a large (数量) of cheese from Europe.
3.It is difficult for the boy to (移走) the stone.
4.The company is launching an advertising (活动) on their products.
majority
amount
remove
campaign
5.The world’s (平均的) temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900.
6.Don’t leave the lights on all day long.It is a waste of (电).
7.There is a new (装置) for cars that warns drivers of traffic jam ahead.
8.Don’t forget to turn on the airplane (模式) before the plane takes off.
average
electricity
device
mode
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.As far as I’m (concern),I can’t agree with what you said.
2.A (major) of people are aware of the importance of environmental protection.
3.One must take the audience account when making speeches.
4.In preparation for lectures,I urge you (do) more reading.
concerned
majority
into
to do
5.He has made an important (contribute) to the company’s success.
6.In our daily life we have to use various kinds of electronic
(device).
7.They will detect faulty (appliance),plugs or switches,and isolate them so that they cannot harm anyone.
contribution
devices
appliances
8.We need some ordinary facilities and (electricity) equipment,
such as balance,crucible,tongs and so on.
9. average he recites 10 words every day and his English has improved greatly.
10.Mother looks so young that people often mistake her my sister.
electrical
On
for
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1. (在一些情况下),teamwork is more effective than completing tasks alone.
2.Nowadays,more and more people
(关心环境问题).
3. (十分迫切) we take effective measures to protect it.
In some cases
are concerned about the environmental
problem
It is urgent that
4. (是因为坏天气) the football match was put off.
5.It (花费我两个小时来完成一篇作文).
It was because of the bad weather that
takes me two hours to complete a composition
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
Batik is a traditional Indonesian colouring method used to make designs and drawings,usually on cloth and finished textiles.Batik makers use dyes (染料)—colours added to cloth and other materials—to create the colourful designs.
In central Indonesia,many batik makers are using natural dyes instead of manufactured ones.The natural dyes come from mangrove forests (红树林) that grow along the coast.The trees grow in salty water on a complex system of tall roots.
Mangrove forests serve an important purpose.They provide a barrier against destructive ocean waves called tsunamis.They are also important to water life like fish and crabs.And the forests are more effective in taking in carbon dioxide,a gas linked to climate change,than rainforests or similar environments.
Erwin Ardli is a mangrove ecologist at Indonesia’s Universitas Jenderal Soedirman.He says the natural dyes may not be as bright as manufactured ones.But they are better for the environment.
Ardli said,“We’ve seen the interest in natural dyes increasing,and especially for middle class and upper class people,they seem proud to wear clothes using these natural dyes rather than synthetic (合成的) ones.”
Iiting Budiarti,who owns an art gallery that shows batik designs,agreed with Ardli,adding that objects with natural dyes can cost two or three times more than the synthetic ones.
Forty-eight-year-old Sodikin is a batik maker.Over the past four years,he and his group of batik makers have changed from using chemical materials for dyes to mangrove-based products.The change has reduced their costs and helped the environment.Harvesting involves gathering a handful of what look like string beans—seeds within a covering.Sodikin then takes the mangrove fruit home to make natural dyes from them.
“We use natural materials so as to preserve the mangrove forest at the same time,” Sodikin said.“We do not cut down the trees,” he added,“and we only take fruit or leaves that have fallen.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了印度尼西亚中部很多蜡染从业者使用红树林的果实和叶子对布料进行染色,不仅保护了红树林,还保护了环境。
( )1.What does “Batik” in Paragraph 1 refer to
[A]A traditional Indonesian colour.
[B]A way of colouring.
[C]A kind of cloth.
[D]A material for designs.
B
【解析】 猜测词义题。根据第一段第一句中的“Batik is a traditional Indonesian colouring method”可知,Batik指的是印度尼西亚传统的着色方法。故选B。
( )2.Why does the author introduce the mangrove forests in Paragraph 3
[A]To research the source of the natural dyes.
[B]To explain why mangroves are there.
[C]To show the importance of mangroves.
[D]To compare mangroves with other trees.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。第三段的第一句为本段的主题句,该段主要讲了红树林的重要作用,从而为下文讲述“使用来自红树林的天然染料对环境有好处”奠定基础。故选C。
( )3.What can we say about the natural dyes in Indonesia
[A]They are bright enough.
[B]They are expensive.
[C]They are hard to get.
[D]They are environmentally friendly.
D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,天然染料没有人造染料鲜艳,但却更环保。故选D。
( )4.Which of the following can be the best title
[A]Natural Dyes for Cloth Design Can Help Mangrove Forests
[B]The Mangrove Forests in Indonesia
[C]A New Colouring Method
[D]The Natural Dyes and Synthetic Ones
A
【解析】 标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了印度尼西亚中部很多蜡染从业者利用天然染料对布料进行染色,而这种天然染料来自红树林的果实和叶子,所以这种天然染料的应用不但不需要砍伐红树林,反而保护了红树林,同时也有助于保护环境。所以A项适合作文章标题。故选A。(共39张PPT)
Unit 6 课时作业(四)
Ⅰ.熟词生义(共5题;每题1分,共5分)
1.Beware of the sharks when you are making up your mind how to invest.
2.She dived into her bag and took out a couple of coins.
3.Figures released yesterday showed retail sales were down in March.
(分值:47.5分)
单元知识综合练
坑蒙拐骗的人
迅速将手伸入(包或口袋里)
发布
4.The highlights of the match will be shown later this evening.
5.Memories of her childhood came flooding back.
最精彩的部分
(感觉或回忆)涌上心头
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题;每题2.5分,共12.5分)
The Amazon Rainforest:A Natural Treasure
Welcome to the Amazon rainforest.As the largest rainforest in the world,it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.
The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries and one overseas region of France.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres,the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.The Amazon River,
from which the rainforest gets its name,is about 6,400 kilometres in length.
On its journey from the mountains to the ocean,the river supports many different ecosystems.1.
E
The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.
At the bottom,there is a system of roots beneath the ground.Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.2. Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods,and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground.Each level of the forest forms its own little world,
and is home to different kinds of living things.
D
More than 1,700 species of birds and mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life.The jaguar (美洲豹) is one example.It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots.While a significant number of jaguars survive here,they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.3. These frogs,in turn,feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.When a jaguar dies,a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
A
The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by absorbing carbon dioxide and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen.
4. Moreover,the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals: us.
5. As the impact of human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer,we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”
B
G
A.They feed on many species,including frogs.
B.Thus,it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”.
C.Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest.
D.The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.
E.They give this area the richest species of plants and animals on the Earth.
F.Currently the Amazon rainforest emits around 1 billion tonnes of CO2 each year.
G.Over the past 50 years,about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了亚马孙雨林:一个天然的宝藏。
1.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据空前一句可知,亚马孙河支撑着不同的生态系统,再根据第三段第一句可知,雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。由此可知,设空处应起到承上启下的作用,E项是对空前内容的进一步解释,也引出了下文中雨林对野生动植物的影响,符合语境。故选E。
2.【答案】 D
【解析】 根据空前“Above that is the...forest floor.”中的Above that以及空后“Then there...above the ground.”中的Then可知,本段是从下至上介绍亚马孙雨林各层的生物形式。D项中的“The next level”承接上文,且与本段主题吻合。故选D。
3.【答案】 A
【解析】 根据空前的“While a significant...forest’s food chain.”可知,该段讲述的内容与亚马孙雨林中的食物链有关,再根据空后“These frogs,in turn,feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.”中的These frogs可知,frogs属于原词复现。A项符合语境。故选A。
4.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据空前一句可知,亚马孙雨林吸收地球上的二氧化碳并产生地球上20%以上的氧气,B项讲述的内容与空前内容吻合,且构成因果关系,符合逻辑。故选B。
5.【答案】 G
【解析】 根据第五段最后一句和空后的内容可知,设空处应引出下文,介绍人类对雨林造成的影响,G项符合语境。故选G。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题;每题1分,共15分)
Andrew Smith spotted a baby squirrel lying weak in his backyard.Out of 1 ,he took him in and named him Leo.He 2 the squirrel patiently as if nursing a kid.Leo recovered quickly and got a good 3 ,since he would rush to his food and wolf it down the moment his feeder rang.Quite soon,he became a beloved member in the house and everyone was fond of
4 him.
That was the day Andrew came home late,only to discover obvious
5 of a theft.Strange footprints were tracked around the yard.A few precious items were missing.Officer Mia was called to the spot to 6 the break-in.She asked Andrew if the squirrel 7 .“Usually not,” Andrew explained,“But who knows.He is a wild animal 8 .” Hours later,Mia returned with a(n) 9 story: she had identified a 10 ,based largely on the suspicious scratches and bites all over his hands.Andrew got his stuff back,and Leo was 11 with his favourite treat.
The next spring,Andrew noticed Leo’s growing 12 to return to nature.The appeal of the wild seemed 13 strong and Leo kept nestling by the window and even began playing with other squirrels through the sliding door.
Weeks later,Leo made his 14 return to the wild.“He was up in the apple tree,climbed down on my shoulder and played with my fingers.Then he hopped up in the apple tree again and was gone,” says Andrew.“He answered the 15 of the wild and didn’t come back home that night,so I suppose that was kind of his last little goodbye.”
【语篇导读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Andrew救助并抚养了一只小松鼠Leo,后者最终回归自然的故事。
( )1.
C
【解析】 根据上文“Andrew Smith spotted...his backyard.”和下文“he took him in”可知,Andrew是出于同情(pity)救下了虚弱的松鼠宝宝。故选C。
[A]duty
[B]curiosity
[C]pity
[D]trust
( )2.
D
【解析】 根据下文“the squirrel patiently as if nursing a kid”可知,
Andrew悉心照料(attended to)小松鼠。故选D。
[A]approved of
[B]waited for
[C]chatted with
[D]attended to
( )3.
B
【解析】 根据下文“since he would...his feeder rang”可知,这里描述的是小松鼠恢复好后有良好的食欲(appetite)。故选B。
[A]appearance
[B]appetite
[C]sight
[D]memory
( )4.
B
【解析】 根据上文“Quite soon,he became...was fond of”可知,这里描述的是家人对小松鼠的喜爱,每个人都喜欢抚摸(petting)他。故选B。
[A]adopting
[B]petting
[C]casting
[D]containing
( )5.
A
[A]signs
[B]copies
[C]notices
[D]shapes
【解析】 根据上文可知,这里描述的是Andrew发现盗窃的迹象(signs)。故选A。
( )6.
B
【解析】 根据上文“Officer Mia was called to the spot to”可知,这里指的是警察来调查(investigate)案件。故选B。
[A]assist
[B]investigate
[C]report
[D]repair
( )7.
D
【解析】 根据下文“But who knows.He is a wild animal”和“based largely ...
over his hands”可知,此处指警察询问Andrew小松鼠是否攻击过(attacked)人。故选D。
[A]recovered
[B]hid
[C]cooperated
[D]attacked
( )8.
C
【解析】 根据上文“But who knows.He is a wild animal”可知,此处意为“毕竟(after all)他是一只野生动物”。故选C。
[A]in contrast
[B]in addition
[C]after all
[D]above all
( )9.
A
[A]astonishing
[B]disappointing
[C]moral
[D]artificial
( )10.
D
[A]neighbour
[B]citizen
[C]murderer
[D]suspect
【解析】 根据“she had identified a 10 ,based largely on the suspicious scratches and bites all over his hands”可知,Mia根据嫌疑人手上的很多可疑的抓痕和咬痕识别出了一名嫌疑人(suspect),这是Mia带来的有关案件的令人惊讶的(astonishing)消息,因为没有想到是松鼠给嫌疑人留下了伤痕。
( )11.
C
【解析】 根据下文“with his favourite treat”可知,这里描述的是对小松鼠的奖励,被用他最喜欢的零食款待了一番,宠溺(spoiled)一番。故选C。
[A]punished
[B]greeted
[C]spoiled
[D]burdened
( )12.
A
【解析】 根据下文可知,野外的魅力似乎不可抵抗,Leo不断地靠在窗户旁,甚至开始通过滑动门与其他松鼠玩耍,所以这里描述的是小松鼠想要回归自然的欲望(urge)。故选A。
[A]urge
[B]response
[C]chance
[D]ability
( )13.
B
【解析】 根据下文可知,Leo不断地靠在窗户旁,甚至开始通过滑动门与其他松鼠玩耍,这里强调的是这种吸引力非常强,不可抵抗(overwhelmingly)。故选B。
[A]slightly
[B]overwhelmingly
[C]repeatedly
[D]ordinarily
( )14.
C
【解析】 根据下文可知,Andrew认为那是小松鼠最后的告别,所以这里描述的是小松鼠彻底回归自然,永久地(permanent)回到了野外。故选C。
[A]quiet
[B]unwilling
[C]permanent
[D]instant
( )15.
D
【解析】 根据上文“He answered the”和下文“of the wild and didn’t come back...kind of his last little goodbye”可知,这里指的是小松鼠听从了自然的呼唤(call)。故选D。
[A]question
[B]door
[C]prayer
[D]call
Ⅳ.应用文写作(15分)
假设你是李华,你参与了世界自然基金会(WWF)在全球发起的“净塑自然(No Plastic in Nature)”倡议活动。现在你受学生会委托,为学校英文报写一封倡议信。内容包括:
1.塑料制品的使用现状;
2.塑料制品的危害;
3.呼吁大家参与“净塑自然”活动。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear schoolmates,
The Students’ Union
[写作指导]
One possible version:
Dear schoolmates,
Recently,I took part in an activity called “No Plastic in Nature” launched by WWF,aiming to reduce the use of plastic products.
As we all know,plastic products are widely used from households,hospitals to supermarkets,factories and so on.Useful as plastic products are,
overusing and improper treatment do great harm to our lives,which results in a great waste of resources and severe environmental pollution.Even worse,they are likely to pose a threat to public health.
Therefore,I call on every one of you to participate in this activity and do your part to protect our homeland.
The Students’ Union(共76张PPT)
Part 2
Developing ideas — Reflection
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. n.数量,数额
2. v.移走,搬走,去掉
3. adj.平均(数)的
写作词汇
amount
remove
average
1.false adj.
2.device n.
3.stand-by adj.
4.mode n.
5.leak v.
6.appliance n.
阅读词汇
不正确的,错误的
设备,仪器,装置
备用的
(机器、设备的)运行方式,状态,模式
(使)漏,(使)渗漏
家用电器,家用器具
7.plug n.
8.litre n.
9.campaign n.
10.canteen n.
(电)插头
升,公升
(宣传)活动
(工厂、学校等的)食堂,餐厅
拓展词汇
1. n.多数,大多数(人或物)→major n.专业 v.主修 adj.主要的;重要的
2. n.电→electrical adj.用电的;电的
3. v.竭力主张,强烈要求,敦促→urgent adj.紧急的;急切的→urgency n.紧急;急迫
4. adj.焦急的,担忧的→concern v.担忧;涉及 n.关心;担心;忧虑→
concerning prep.关于;涉及
5. v.促成,造成(某事发生)→contribution n.贡献;捐赠;捐助→
contributor n.捐赠者;投稿人
majority
electricity
urge
concerned
contribute
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.be aware that
2.the majority of...
3.take steps to do sth
4.mistake...for...
5.break down
6.turn off
意识到……
大多数……
采取措施做某事
错把……当作……
分解;出故障;谈判失败;(健康、精神等)垮掉
关闭
7.remove...from...
8.common sense
9.in some cases
10.take...into account
11.depend on
12.environmental awareness
13.be worth doing
14.call on
从……拔掉/移除……
常识
在一些情况下
把……考虑进去
依靠,依赖;取决于
环保意识
做……是值得的
号召
重点句型
1.Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals,
.(which引导定语从句)
塑料袋会变成垃圾,被野生动物误食后会对其造成伤害。
2. ,but much less time for paper.(It takes+一段时间+to do)
塑料需要数百年才能分解,而纸的降解时间要短得多。
which
mistake them for food
It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down
3.However,making a paper bag uses making a plastic bag and up to water.(倍数表达法)
然而,生产纸袋的耗能为生产塑料袋耗能的四倍,耗水则多达三倍。
4. , , uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.(It is...that...强调句型)
相比于运输,食物的生产过程才是大部分能源消耗及大部分温室气体产生的原因。
four times as much energy as
three times the amount of
It is the production of food
not its transport
that
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境类型:人与自然——环保理念和绿色生活。
2.语篇类型:报刊社论。
3.课文内容分析:文章介绍了生活中常见的关于环境保护的几个认识误区,引导学生对所谓的生活常识持批判的态度。学习本文有利于学生辩证地看待问题。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
What’s really green
half
false
bad
stand-by
production
better
精研细读·深层理解
▲
( )1.What is the purpose of the passage
[A]To introduce some new ways to save energy.
[B]To correct the false “green truths” and show really green ones.
[C]To call on more people to protect the environment.
[D]To explain the importance of saving energy.
B
( )2.Why do people prefer to eat local food
[A]Because its production uses less energy.
[B]Because it tastes better than the food transported long distances.
[C]Because it can save the energy used for transport.
[D]Because it produces fewer greenhouse gases.
C
( )3.Which way of the following is saving energy
[A]To spend 8 minutes having a bath.
[B]To take a shower more than 8 minutes.
[C]To try to take a bath instead of a shower.
[D]To keep your shower time as short as possible.
D
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.take...into account 把……考虑进去
[教材原句] In some cases,local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away—even taking into account its transport.
在有些情况下,即使将运输的因素考虑在内,本地的农产品也可能比距离遥远的外地种植的农产品耗能更多,产生的温室气体也更多。
例 (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)It takes no account of the context.
它不考虑上下文。
例 (应用文写作之建议信)I sincerely hope that you will take my solution to this problem into account.
我真诚地希望你会把我对这个问题的解决办法考虑在内。
take...into account/consideration=take account of 把……考虑进去
take...into account/consideration=take account of 把……考虑进去
归纳拓展
·take...into account/consideration=take account of 把……考虑进去
give an account of 叙述;描述
on account of(=because of)因为,由于
on no account(=in no way)决不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装)
·account for (数量或比例上)占;解释;说明
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
She gave an exciting account the football match.
We had to put off the sports meeting account of the bad weather.
(应用文写作之倡议信)It’s really high time that we
(将环境保护考虑进去).
of
on
took/should take
environmental protection into account/consideration
(应用文写作之演讲稿) (我们决不能) shut our eyes to the increasingly serious environmental problems.
You have to (解释你的缺席) with a reasonable excuse.
On no account can we
account for your absence
2.concerned adj.焦急的,担忧的
·concerning prep.关于;涉及
·concern v.担忧;涉及 n.关心;担心;忧虑
[教材原句] We are concerned that...
我们担心……
例 What concerns me is our lack of preparation for the change.
让我担心的是我们对事态的变化缺乏准备。
例 She was concerned that she might miss the turning and get lost.
她担心自己可能会错过转弯的地方而迷路。
be concerned about/for/that 担心/关心……
归纳拓展
·be concerned about/for/that 担心/关心……
be concerned with 与……有关
as far as...be concerned 就……而言
·It concerns sb that...令某人担忧的是……
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(concern) my future career planning,I’m still thinking about it.
(话题写作之环境保护)Many people
(关心气候变化的影响) on the environment.
I’m very interested in the upcoming science exhibition because it
(与我的科学项目有关).
(话题写作之健康的生活方式) (让我担忧的是)
staring at the computer screen for long periods might harm my eyes.
Concerning
are concerned about/for the impact
of climate change
is concerned with my science project
It concerns me that
3.contribute v.促成,造成(某事发生);撰稿;捐献
·contribution n.贡献;捐赠;捐助
·contributor n.捐赠者;投稿人
[教材原句] Look at the three items that contribute to a carbon footprint.
看看这三个导致碳足迹的项目。
例 We rely entirely on voluntary contributions.
我们全靠自愿捐赠。
例 I hope I can contribute to our team.
我希望我能为我们的团队做出贡献。
contribute to 促使;导致;有助于;投稿;为……做贡献
归纳拓展
·contribute to 促使;导致;有助于;投稿;为……做贡献
contribute...to...向……捐献/捐赠……;向……投稿……
·make contributions/a contribution to...对……做出贡献
表示“引起,导致”的词汇还有cause、lead to、result in、bring about等。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/语段填空
(应用文写作之演讲稿)Only in this way can we make a great
(contribute) to our families and our society.
The two magazines exchanged articles and had (contribute) in common.
contribution
contributors
Eating too much and lack of exercise (导致) his being unhealthy.
Many people (向……捐钱)the disaster-affected area,which (有助于) their home rebuilding.A writer wrote a story about this and (将它投稿给) a newspaper.
contribute to
contributed money to
contributed to
contributed it to
重点句式
倍数表达法
▲
[教材原句] However,making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.
然而,生产纸袋的耗能为生产塑料袋耗能的四倍,耗水则多达三倍。
例 Our new school is three times as large as what it was ten years ago.
我们新学校的面积是10年前的三倍大。
例 This company produces twice as many cars as that one every year.
这家公司每年生产的汽车是那家公司的两倍。
倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as...
倍数+as+many/much +名词+as...
归纳拓展
常见的表示倍数的句型:
·倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as...
·倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than...
·倍数+the+名词(size/length/width/height/depth/amount/...)+of...
·倍数+what从句
·倍数+as+many/much +名词+as...
表示“两倍”时用twice或double,三倍或三倍以上用“基数词+times”表达。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 完成句子/一句多译
Jessica devoted (以前三倍的时间和精力) she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time.
这个正在修建的图书馆是那个图书馆的两倍大。
→The library being built is that one.(同级比较)
→The library being built is that one.(the+名词+of)
three times as much time and energy as
twice as large as
twice the size of
强调句型
▲
[教材原句] It is the production of food,not its transport,that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.
相比于运输,食物的生产过程才是大部分能源消耗及大部分温室气体产生的原因。
例 (2023·浙江1月卷)It is this that distinguishes humans from machines.
正是这一点将人类与机器区分开来。
例 It was he who comforted me when I felt sad.
是他在我难过的时候安慰我。
例 It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.
昨天他是在公园里遇见了一位老朋友。
归纳拓展
·强调句的基本句型:It is/was +被强调部分+ that/who +句子其他部分。
·强调句的一般疑问句:Is/Was it +被强调部分+ that/who +句子其他部分
·强调句的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词(被强调部分)+ is/was + it + that +句子其他部分
·“not...until...”结构的强调句型:It is/was not until...that...
①判断句子是否是强调句,就是把句子中的It is/was和that/who去掉,语序加以调整,若能还原为完整的句子且句意依然完整,则该句为强调句。
②强调句型能强调除谓语动词以外所有的句子成分。
③被强调部分为“人”时可用who/that,被强调部分为“事物”时用that。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 用强调句型分别强调下面的画线部分
It was John who/that wore his best suit to the dance last night.
It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.
It was to the dance that John wore his best suit last night.
It was last night that John wore his best suit to the dance.
写作微专题6
Writing a persuasive letter
文本解读
1.文体类型:倡议信,属于应用文。
2.要点内容:(1)介绍“光盘行动”及其原因;(2)就如何做到提出3条建议;(3)活动的意义,并发出号召。
[思路指引]
实用表达
1.倡议信首段常用句式。
I’m writing to persuade you to...
First of all,I think it would be better if...
Here I’d like to give my advice on.../I would like to suggest that...
2.倡议信中段常用句式。
If I were you,I would...
I’m writing to give some suggestions to.../I will try my best to make some constructive suggestions.
3.倡议信尾段常用句式。
In my opinion...
Please take good consideration of my advice.
Please take my advice into consideration and make a final decision.
These are my suggestions and I hope they could mean something for a better future of...
佳作建构
你校将以6月8日世界海洋日为主题,举办英语征文比赛,请你用英语写一封倡议信投稿。内容包括:
1.海洋的重要性;
2.保护海洋的倡议。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1. n.(宣传)活动
2. v.致力,献身,倾注
3. v.减少,降低
4. adj.(问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的
5. 呼吁,号召;要求
6. 参加
7. 敦促某人做某事
campaign
devote
reduce
severe
call on
take part in
urge sb to do sth
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.当提及海洋,它的污染变得越来越严重。
When it comes to the ocean,its pollution .
2.世界海洋日定于6月8日。
World Oceans Day .
3.世界海洋日旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。
World Oceans Day is aimed at
.
is becoming more and more severe
falls on 8 June
raising people’s awareness of ocean
conservation
4.海洋在我们的世界里扮演着重要角色。海洋为我们提供充足的食物。
The ocean plays a key role in our world.The ocean .
5.海洋维持自然的平衡。
The ocean .
6.因此,敦促所有人保护海洋是必要的。
Thus,it is necessary to .
offers us sufficient food
maintains the balance of nature
urge all people to protect the ocean
7.首先,我们能做的是重视我们的日常行为。
First of all,what we can do is .
8.此外,我们可以参加分发传单的活动,呼吁更多人保护海洋。
What’s more,we can to hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean.
to place importance on our daily actions
take part in the campaign
9.总而言之,现在是我们呼吁所有人致力于保护海洋的时候了。
All in all,it is high time that
.
10.保护海洋就是保护我们自己。
To protect the ocean is .
we called on all of us to devote ourselves to
protecting the ocean
to protect ourselves
亮点提升
1.将第2句与第3句用定语从句进行合并升级。
World Oceans Day,which falls on 8 June,is aimed at raising people’s awareness of ocean conservation.
2.将第4句与第5句用“not only...but also...”进行合并升级。
The ocean plays a key role in our world.Not only does the ocean offer us sufficient food,but it also maintains the balance of nature.
范文展示
Dear friends,
When it comes to the ocean,its pollution is becoming more and more severe.World Oceans Day,which falls on 8 June,is aimed at raising people’s awareness of ocean conservation.
The ocean plays a key role in our world.Not only does the ocean offer us sufficient food,but it also maintains the balance of nature.Thus,it is necessary to urge all people to protect the ocean.First of all,what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions.What’s more,we can take part in the campaign to hand out leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean.
All in all,it is high time that we called on all of us to devote ourselves to protecting the ocean.To protect the ocean is to protect ourselves.Thank you!
Yours,
Li Hua
写作练习
假设你是李华,请给你校所有学生写一封倡议信,说明环境的重要性和现在存在的问题并提出合理的建议,希望同学们行动起来保护环境。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear everyone,
Yours,
Li Hua
写作指导
One possible version:
Dear Everyone,
We all live on the Earth,which is our home.We have only one Earth,so we must take good care of it.There are three major problems on our Earth,
which are pollution,disasters and illnesses.
It’s our duty to protect our environment.First,we should save every drop of water,such as turning off the taps after using them.Second,we should save energy,such as turning off the lights when we leave,doing more walking and so on.Third,we should ask our government to control the pollution which is from factories.
Let’s act now.If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment,
the Earth will become much more beautiful.
Yours,
Li Hua
读后续写微技能之“点—线—面”
[教材语料库]
读后续写 微技能之“点” 环境 描写 contribute to为……做贡献 take care of the environment 爱护环境 take steps to do sth 采取措施做某事 reduce waste and pollution 减少浪费和污染 raise awareness about 提高……的意识 make a positive impact 产生积极的影响 campaign n.(宣传)活动
读后续写 微技能之“线” It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down,but much less time for paper.(比较)
Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment,and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution.(表达观点)
读后续写 微技能之“面” 微写作——活动介绍
作为社区的志愿者,我参加了一个环保服务项目,为更美好的世界做出贡献。我们在当地公园组织了一次清理活动,旨在提高公众对保护环境重要性的认识。我们大多数人都意识到我们必须爱护自然。正是通过我们的努力,我们证明了再小的行动也能产生积极的影响。通过共同努力,我们不仅减少了废物和污染,还激励他人变得更加负责任并关注他们的生态足迹。这真是一次有价值的经历。
As a volunteer in my community,I joined an environmental service project to 1. .We organised a cleanup campaign at a local park,aiming to 2.
the importance of protecting our environment.Most of us are aware that we must take care of nature.3. we demonstrated that even small actions can 4. .
By working together,we not only 5. but also inspired others to be more responsible and mindful of their ecological footprint.It was a truly worthwhile experience.
contribute to a better world
raise public awareness about
It is through our efforts that
make a positive impact
reduced waste and pollution
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.拓展词汇
1.scare v.使(某人)惊恐,吓唬→ adj.害怕的,恐惧的→ adj.恐怖的,吓人的
2.fortunately adv.幸运地→ adj.幸运的→ n.运气;大笔的钱
3.extinction n.灭绝,绝种→ adj.已灭绝的;绝种的
4.devote v.致力,献身,倾注→ adj.挚爱的;忠诚的→ n.挚爱;忠诚;奉献
scared
scary
fortunate
fortune
extinct
devoted
devotion
5.hunting n.打猎,狩猎→ v.打猎,猎取→ n.猎人;狩猎者
6.establish v.建立,设立→ n.建立;创立
7.adopt v.采取(某种方法)→ adj.收养的;领养的→ n.采用;收养
8.sustainable adj.可持续的,不破坏环境的→ v.维持;使保持
9.urge v.竭力主张,强烈要求,敦促→ adj.紧急的;急切的→
n.紧急;急迫
hunt
hunter
establishment
adopted
adoption
sustain
urgent
urgency
10.concerned adj.焦急的,担忧的→ v.担忧;涉及 n.关心;担心;忧虑→ prep.关于;涉及
11.contribute v.促成,造成(某事发生)→ n.贡献;捐赠;捐助→
n.捐赠者;投稿人
concern
concerning
contribution
contributor
Ⅱ.重点词块
1. 害怕……
2. 由于,因为
3. 对……有影响
4. (偶然)遇见
5. 相反,相反地
be scared of
due to
have an effect on
come across
the other way round
6. 意识到……
7. 采取措施做某事
8. 把……考虑进去
9. 号召
10. 做……是值得的
be aware that
take steps to do sth
take...into account
call on
be worth doing
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.形容词(短语)作状语
Some people stopped swimming in the sea,
(害怕遇上电影里描绘的这种可怕生物).
句式仿写
They finally went out of the park five hours later, (又累又饿).
afraid of the horrible creature
from the film
tired and hungry
2.部分否定
Fortunately, (并非每个人) who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding them.
句式仿写
(并不是所有的人) are suitable for that kind of work.
not everyone
Not all men
3.倍数表达法
However,making a paper bag uses (耗能的四倍) making a plastic bag and up to (耗水量的三倍).
句式仿写
The hall is (我们教室的五倍大).
four times as much energy as
three times the amount of water
five times the size of our classroom
4.It is...that...强调句型
(是食品的生产,而不是运输),
that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases.
句式仿写
(是约翰) saw Mary in the street last night.
It is the production of food,not its transport
It was John who/that(共85张PPT)
Unit 6
Earth first
[头脑风暴·思维发散]
Many rare animals are faced with extinction due to human activities.Besides,with more and more carbon dioxide released,the environment has been damaged and greenhouse effect occurs.Plus,severe drought around the world highlights the urge to take steps to protect the environment.Fortunately,people have realised the importance of sustainable development and adopted some measures.
由于人类活动,许多珍稀动物正面临灭绝。此外,随着越来越多的二氧化碳被释放,环境遭到破坏,温室效应产生。此外,世界各地严重的干旱凸显了采取措施保护环境的紧迫性。幸运的是,人们已经意识到了可持续发展的重要性,并采取了一些措施。
Part 1
Starting out — Using language
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
1. v.(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水
2. v.把……作为目标
3. n.(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法,态度
4. n.海洋,大海
5. n.员工
6. n.旱灾,干旱
写作词汇
dive
target
attitude
ocean
staff
drought
7. n.洪水,水灾
8. n.(煤气、电力、自来水等)供应(系统)
9. v.减少,降低
10. n.(尤指大学里的)讲座,讲课,演讲
flood
supply
reduce
lecture
1.shark n.
2.fin v.
n.
3.highlight v.
4.presentation n.
5.reserve n.
6.damage v.
阅读词汇
鲨(鱼)
切去(鱼的)鳍
鱼鳍
使……突出,使注意力集中于
报告,(观点的) 陈述,说明
(野生生物) 保护区
破损,损害,损伤
7.restore v.
8.bulb n.
9.renewable adj.
10.carbon n.
11.greenhouse n.
12.brochure n.
使恢复
灯泡
(能源)可更新的,可再生的,可恢复的
碳
温室,暖房
小册子
13.solar adj.
14.release v.
15.severe adj.
16.slide n.
利用太阳光(能)的
释放,排放
(问题、伤势、疾病等) 很严重的
幻灯片
拓展词汇
1. v.使(某人)惊恐,吓唬→scared adj.害怕的,恐惧的→scary adj.恐怖的,吓人的
2. adv.幸运地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortune n.运气;大笔的钱
3. n.灭绝,绝种→extinct adj.已灭绝的;绝种的
4. v.致力,献身,倾注→devoted adj.挚爱的;忠诚的→devotion n.挚爱;忠诚;奉献
scare
fortunately
extinction
devote
5. n.残忍,残酷,残暴→cruel adj.残忍的;残酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地;残酷地
6. n.打猎,狩猎→hunt v.打猎,猎取→hunter n.猎人;狩猎者
7. v.建立,设立→establishment n.建立;创立
8. v.采取(某种方法)→adopted adj.收养的;领养的→adoption n.采用;收养
cruelty
hunting
establish
adopt
9. adj.可持续的,不破坏环境的→sustain v.维持;使保持
10. n.感染,传染病→infect v.传染;使感染→infectious adj.感染的,传染性的→infectiously adv.充满感染力地
11. n.允许,许可→permit v.允许,许可;准许 n.许可证
sustainable
infection
permission
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1.be scared of
2.due to
3.cut off
4.have an effect on
5.be based on
6.come across
害怕……
由于,因为
切断;中断;隔绝
对……有影响
根据,以……为基础
(偶然)遇见
7.be covered with
8.see...as...
9.rather than
10.the other way round
11.by mistake
12.protect...from...
覆盖
把……看作……
而不是
相反,相反地
错误地
保护……免受……
重点句型
1.Jaws was a great success,
.(现在分词短语作状语)
电影《大白鲨》大获成功,吸引了大量观众并赢得了众多奖项。
2.Some people stopped swimming in the sea,
.(形容词短语作状语)
由于害怕遇上电影里描绘的这种可怕生物,有些人再也不去海里游泳了。
attracting huge audiences and winning many
awards
afraid of the horrible
creature from the film
3.In 1980,Benchley .(be doing...when...)
1980年,本奇利在潜水的时候看到了可怕的一幕。
4.Fortunately,
—some became interested in understanding them.(部分否定)
幸运的是,并非每个看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都变得害怕鲨鱼——有些人变得有兴趣去了解它们。
was diving when he came across an awful sight
not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of
sharks
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
▲
1.主题语境:人与自然——保护大白鲨。
2.语篇类型:说明文。
3.课文内容分析:课文围绕“鲨鱼是危险的动物还是濒危动物 ”这一问题展开讨论,引发人们对保护海洋动物这一话题的关注。学习本文有利于培养学生保护海洋动物的意识。
多维解读·浅析结构
▲
SHARKS:DANGEROUS OR ENDANGERED
dangerous
finning
wrong
protect
精研细读·深层理解
▲
( )1.What do we know about the 1975 film Jaws
[A] It was a film based on a real story.
[B] It made people more scared of sharks.
[C] It raised people’s awareness of protecting sharks.
[D] It made the great sharks world-famous overnight.
B
( )2.How did Peter Benchley feel after diving in 1980
[A] Sharks shouldn’t see people as food.
[B] Sharks eat too many people each year.
[C] People are in fact a danger to sharks.
[D] Laws should be made to stop people swimming in the sea.
C
( )3.How does the writer feel about the future of the sharks
[A] Worried.
[B] Pessimistic.
[C] Unconcerned.
[D] Optimistic.
D
二次开发·深研课文
▲
The 1975 film Jaws tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers.Jaws was a great success,1. (attract) huge audiences and winning many awards.It 2. (strengthen) people’s long-held idea of the great white shark as a dangerous animal.
People have always been 3. (scare) of sharks,but Jaws made things worse.Many people who saw the film started to believe 4. sharks were bad animals that ate humans.
attracting
strengthened
scared
that
Some people stopped 5. (swim) in the sea while others started fishing for sharks.The number of large sharks fell quickly due 6. fear of sharks and finning.Peter Benchley,the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was 7. (base) on,admitted that his book was wrong about sharks’ behaviour and fought 8. (protect) them.Experts have proved that sharks do not see people 9. food,and they attack us by mistake.Some people became interested in understanding sharks and more people than ever want to protect them from 10. (extinct).
swimming
to
based
to protect
as
extinction
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.scare v.使(某人)惊恐,吓唬
·scared adj.害怕的,恐惧的
·scary adj.恐怖的;吓人的
[教材原句] People have always been scared of sharks,but Jaws made things worse.
人类本就害怕鲨鱼,而电影《大白鲨》加剧了这种状况。
例 (2024·全国甲卷)Almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help,scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.
几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音,它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助,吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。
scare...off/away 把……吓跑
例 (2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new.
尽管有些学生最初害怕昆虫,对泥土感到厌烦,但大多数学生都渴望尝试新的东西。
be scared of...害怕……
例 Rising prices are scaring customers off.
不断上涨的价格把顾客吓跑了。
scare...off/away 把……吓跑
归纳拓展
·scare sb into doing sth 威胁/恐吓某人做某事
scare...off/away 把……吓跑
·be scared of...害怕……
be scared to do sth 害怕做某事
be scared to death 吓得要死
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(读后续写之情感描写)It was a really (scare) moment when I got lost in the dark forest.
(读后续写之情感描写)She was scared death when she found a spider in her bedroom.
The sudden storm
(把海滩上的游客都吓跑了).
Although I really want to go to that party,
(但我很害怕在众人面前跳舞).
scary
to
scared the tourists off the beach/scared the tourists
away from the beach
I’m scared to dance/scared
of dancing in public
2.due to 由于,因为
·due adj.应支付的;预定的;预期的;到期的;应给予;应得到的
[教材原句] This was not only due to fear of sharks,but also finning.
这不仅是因为人类对鲨鱼的恐惧,还因为采割鱼鳍。
例 (2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Due to a big storm,my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.
由于一场大风暴,我乘坐的航班延误了一个半小时。
例 The team’s success was largely due to highly effective teamwork.
这个队的成功在很大程度上是因为高效的团队合作。
归纳拓展
·due to可在句中作表语、定语或状语
·due to 表示“因为,由于”时相当于because of/owing to/as a result of/as a consequence of
·be due to do sth 预期做某事,预定要做某事
be due to sb 应支付/应给予/应归于某人
[语境运用] 一词多义/完成句子
Have they been paid the money that is due to them
The flight is put off due to heavy smog.
(这本书预定出版) next month.
应支付的
由于,因为
This book is due to be published
3.devote v.致力,献身,倾注
·devoted adj.挚爱的;忠诚的
·devotion n.挚爱;忠诚;奉献
[教材原句] Now,she is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation.
现在,她是一位致力于海洋保护的模范和表演艺术家。
例 He is determined to devote his life to science.
他决心把毕生精力贡献给科学事业。
devote one’s life/time/energy to (doing) sth 把某人的生命/时间/精力献给(做)某事
例 They are devoted to their children.
他们深爱着自己的孩子。
be devoted to sb 深爱着某人
归纳拓展
·devote...to...把……用于……
devote oneself to 致力于/献身于/专心于
devote one’s life/time/energy to (doing) sth 把某人的生命/时间/精力献给(做)某事
·be devoted to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事
be devoted to sb 深爱着某人
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(话题写作之家庭生活)His (devote) to his wife and family is touching.
I could only (一天在这个工作上花两个小时).
She (一直致力于提高她的英语水平) and practises speaking every day.
devotion
devote two hours a day to the work
has been devoted to improving her English level
4.affect v.影响
·effect n.效果;影响;结果
·effective adj.产生预期结果的;有效的
[教材原句] We’ve also seen droughts and floods caused by these changes,
which affect the water supply downstream.
我们也已目睹由这些变化所引发的干旱和洪水,它们影响着下游地区的供水。
例 You never allow personal problems to affect your performance.
你绝不容许个人问题影响你的表现。
例 I admire the effective use of colour in her paintings.
我欣赏她在绘画作品中对色彩的有效运用。
归纳拓展
·be affected by 被……侵袭;被……影响
be affected with 患有……(疾病)
·have an effect on 对……有影响
in effect 事实上;在实施中;有效
take effect 开始起作用;见效;生效;开始实施
come into effect 生效;开始实施
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
(话题写作之学习方法)By adopting (effect) study techniques,
my learning efficiency has greatly improved.
Students can be positively affected inspiring teachers.
他因为发高烧而没有参加会议。
He didn’t attend the conference because he a high fever.
新的交通规则下个月开始生效。
New traffic rules will next month.
effective
by
was affected with
come into effect/take effect
5.reduce v.减少,降低
·reduction n.减少;降低;减价
[教材原句] Reduce waste by choosing reusable products...
通过选择可重复使用的产品来减少浪费……
例 The introduction of new technology promises a substantial reduction in energy consumption.
新技术的引入有望带来能源消耗的大幅减少。
例 Small businesses will need to reduce costs in order to survive.
小企业需要削减成本以求生存。
归纳拓展
reduce to...减少到……
reduce by...减少了……
温馨提示
reduce(减少)的同义词是decrease,反义词是increase、rise(增加)。这三个词与reduce用法一样,后可接“to...”,表示增减的结果,可接“by...”,表示增减的幅度。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
The immigrant workers in this city have been reduced 30% after the 2018 Spring Festival.
The number of employees in our company will be reduced not more than 50.
By optimising the production process,we were able to achieve a
(reduce) in waste.
by
to
reduction
6.permission n.允许,许可
·permit v.允许,许可;准许 n.许可证
[教材原句] A polite interruption is usually framed as a request for permission to interrupt someone...
礼貌的打断通常是请求允许打断某人……
例 He asked for permission to leave the room.
他请求允许离开房间。
例 Visitors are not permitted to take photographs.
参观者请勿拍照。
ask for permission 请求允许;征求许可
归纳拓展
·ask for permission 请求允许;征求许可
with/without (one’s) permission 经/未经(某人)许可
·permit doing sth 允许做某事
permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
weather/time permitting=if weather/time permits 如果天气/时间允许的话
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
You are running a temperature,so you are not allowed to leave the room without the doctor’s (permit).
The visitors are reminded that the museum doesn’t permit
(smoke).
Passengers are permitted (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
permission
smoking
to carry
I want to join the school’s club activities,so I need to
(先向老师申请许可).
(如果天气允许的话),we will go picnic outside.
ask for permission
from the teacher first
If weather permits/Weather permitting
重点句式
形容词(短语)作状语
▲
[教材原句] Some people stopped swimming in the sea,afraid of the horrible creature from the film.
由于害怕遇上电影里描绘的这种可怕生物,有些人再也不去海里游泳了。
例 (读后续写之情感/动作描写)Surprised and afraid,Tom ran out of the room.
又惊又怕,汤姆从房间里跑了出去。
例 (应用文写作之申请信)Capable of speaking fluent English,I have no difficulty communicating with foreign visitors.
我能说一口流利的英语,与外国游客交流没有任何困难。
归纳拓展
·句中afraid of the horrible creature from the film是形容词短语作原因状语,相当于because some people were afraid of the horrible creature from the film,说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。
·形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等;可位于句首、句中或句末,常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
·形容词作状语与副词作状语的区别:形容词作状语表示主语的状态,副词在句中作状语通常修饰动词或整个句子。
[语境运用] 完成句子
(读后续写之场景描写)After the long journey,the three of them went back home, (又累又饿).
(应用文写作之申请信) (迫切希望有机会成为志愿者),I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.
(读后续写之动作/情感描写)She stood beside her chair,
(既惊讶又尴尬).
tired and hungry
Desperate for a chance to be a volunteer
surprised and
embarrassed
长难句分析
[教材原句] Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans.
尝试分析:本句是复合句。句子的主干为Many people started to believe, 为关系词who 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词people,who在从句中作主语; 为that引导的宾语从句; 为 that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词animals,that在从句中作主语。
自主翻译:许多看过电影的人开始相信,鲨鱼是吃人的有害动物。
[语境运用] 情境写作
许多参加过这项活动的学生都认识到跑步是一项有利于身体健康的活动。
Many students have realised that running is an activity .
who have participated in this activity
which/that is good for health
语法微专题6
现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语
语法原句再现
We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea.
It made people frightened of sharks,especially of the great white shark.
People just wanted them killed.
Benchley saw sharks being killed...
试分析以上黑体部分在句中所起的作用,并比较以上现在分词和过去分词表达意义的不同。
语法知识点拨
一、现在分词作宾语补足语
现在分词作宾语补足语时,表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。现在分词常作以下动词(短语)、结构的宾语补足语。
1.表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see、hear、feel、smell、find、notice、observe、look at、listen to等)。
I felt somebody standing behind me.
我感觉有人站在我身后。
I saw the little girl crying there.
我看到小女孩在那儿哭。
2.表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有 have、let、keep、get、leave 等)。
They kept the fire burning all night long.
他们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won’t have you running about in the room.
我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
3.with的复合结构(现在分词与宾语之间构成主动关系)。
His son thought that there was something unusual about the painting with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.
他的儿子认为,那幅画着一个年轻姑娘坐在花园椅子上的画有些不同寻常。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
I noticed a group of children (play) football on the playground.
The coach keeps us (run) constantly during training.
With him actively (participate) in the discussion,the group came up with a brilliant idea.
playing
running
participating
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1.过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get+宾语+过去分词”意为“让别人做某事”,不过“have+宾语+过去分词”还表示主语“遭遇到某种不幸”。
Mary had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时,玛丽让她的行李进行了安检。
(2)在“make+宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词表示结果。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们设法用很浅易的英语来使自己的意思被别人理解。
2.感官动词 see、hear、notice、observe、watch、feel、find 等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
When we saw the road blocked with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后,我们决定在家过假期。
3.表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如 like、want、wish、expect、order 等,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
4.过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中时,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
客厅既干净又整洁,已摆好了餐桌,准备摆放即将做好的饭菜。
过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动或完成意义,有时两者兼有。不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语只表示完成意义。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
I got my broken laptop (fix) by a friend.
I heard the door gently (close).
The students cleaned the classroom thoroughly,with the desks and chairs
(polish).
fixed
closed
polished
三、非谓语动词(短语)作宾语补足语的区别
1.现在分词作宾语补足语,表示正在进行的主动动作或被动动作。
I heared her singing a song when I passed by her room yesterday.
I heared a song being sung by her when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她的房间时,我听到她正在唱歌。
2.过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动或动作已经完成。
I have heard the English song sung many times.
我听到那首英文歌被唱了许多次。
3.不定式作宾语补足语
在with复合结构中,作宾补的不定式表示的动作还未发生;感官动词后作宾补的不定式(此时的不定式都不带to)强调动作发出的全过程。
With a lot of homework to do,I can’t go out with you.
因为有很多作业要做,我不能和你一起出去。
I heard her sing an English song just now.
我刚才听到她唱了一首英文歌曲。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空
I saw him (put) the book on the table.
With the teacher (stand) beside,she felt a little nervous.
The young girl tried her best to get her work (do) better.
With the boy (lead) the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.
I saw him (read) a book attentively in the classroom.
put
standing
done
to lead
reading
真题赏析
1.(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) There,you will find them (prepare) differently—more dumpling and less soup,and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled.
【解析】 考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句中them与prepare之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。故填prepared。
prepared
2.(2023·浙江1月卷) If you have individuals who are not on board,your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you (feel) more discouraged.
【解析】 考查现在分词作宾语补足语。由句意可知,you与feel之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词形式。故填feeling。
feeling
语法专项训练
句子语法填空
1.He observed a stranger (hang) around the store.
2.The manager was satisfied to see many new products (develop) after great efforts.
3.They heard the old teacher (tell) his story from beginning to end.
4.He couldn’t make himself (hear) above the noise of the traffic.
hanging
developed
telling
heard
5.They had the light (burn) all night long.
6.He was so nervous that he could hear his heart (beat) wildly.
7.When he awoke,he found himself (close) in a dark room.
8.She wants her paintings (show) in the gallery,but her paintings aren’t popular.
9.With the society (develop) rapidly,it’s necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer.
burning
beating
being closed
shown
developing
10.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs (take).
11.They might just have a place (leave) on the writing course—why don’t you give it a try
12.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother (take) good care of at home.
taken
left
taken
13.He had his leg (break) while riding a bike in the park.
14.When I was on my way to school this morning,I saw two women
(argue).
15.On the bank of the river,we found him (lie) on a bench with his eyes (fix) on a kite in the sky.
broken
arguing
lying
fixed(共17张PPT)
Unit 6 课时作业(一)
(分值:36分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共5题;每题1分,共5分)
1.The greatest discovery of all time is that a person can change his future by merely changing his (态度).
2. (幸运的是),no one was hurt on the plane,which later landed safely in the city’s airport.
3.The school decided to (采取) a new method of teaching English.
4.He threw a stone to (吓唬) the dog away.
5.Pollution is pushing this animal to the very edge of (灭绝).
attitude
Fortunately
adopt
scare
extinction
Ⅱ.句子语法填空(共9题;每题1.5分,共13.5分)
1.The (cruel) of his words cut her like a knife.
2.The (establish) of the railway station is convenient to the local people.
3.Long-term regular exercise has a good (affect) on people’s health.
4.The severe (fog) weather often results in many problems in transport.
cruelty
establishment
effect
foggy
5.They were taken to the police station as they had entered the area without
(permit).
6.Due people’s illegal hunting,the number of many wild animals has decreased rapidly.
7. (target) at improving the level of English,English Corner is held once a week.
permission/being permitted
to
Targeted
8.What impresses me most is his friendly and enthusiastic attitude
all the customers.
9.The (adopt) of the new teaching method is popular with students.
towards/to
adoption
Ⅲ.情境写作(共5题;每题2分,共10分)
1.I (正为考试学习这时) the rainstorm came.
2.Don’t tell her that—you’ll only (让事情变得更糟).
3.Believe it or not,the strong young man (害怕) the little puppy.
was studying for the test when
make things worse
is scared of
4.Too much screen time may (对孩子的视力有影响).
5.The sports meeting today has been postponed (由于天气原因).
have an effect on children’s eyesight
due to the weather
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共3题;每题2.5分,共7.5分)
When the natural climate changes due to global warming,it can surely affect seals.The majority of them live in the Antarctic region so as the ice is melting,their natural habitat can be seriously affected.These changes don’t take place overnight.They can be the result of many years of additional temperatures in the area.The seals then have to find ways to adapt.
Seals depend on the cool air currents to bring plenty of food for them.When the temperature gets higher,there is less and less food and the seal population starts to shrink.Mothers aren’t healthy enough to feed their babies.Many of them end up abandoned as the mothers have to leave to find their own source of food.
The fact that their desire to produce young can be changed by the warmer temperature is frightening,too.It is also believed that the warmer temperature can allow different diseases and viruses to attack the seals.This is a huge concern as they can rapidly wipe out huge numbers of seals out there.
However,these changes in climate and temperature aren’t all bad for other species of seals.Scientists have found that those living in warmer climates are producing more young due to the changes.Research also shows that the females are moving further to find food and water.When they are out of the reach of the governing males,they are more willing to accept the moves of other males in the group.
This is a piece of good news too,because it means that there will be more selections in the gene pool (基因库) for future generations.It can help the seals as a species adapt to changes in their natural environment more easily.
The climate change problem for seals is directly linked to humans.When we take action to change what we let out into the environment,we will make positive changes for the seals.However,it is going to take a very long time to reverse (彻底改变) the effects of what has already been done.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变暖对海豹造成的积极的和消极的影响。
( )1.What does the author regard climate changes for seals as
[A]A double-edged sword.
[B]An unavoidable disaster for existence.
[C]A mirror of evolution.
[D]A requirement for more choices in the gene pool.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句可知,全球变暖导致的气候变化对海豹产生了影响。根据第二段的第二句和第三段的第二句可知,这两段说明气候变化对南极地区的海豹有消极的影响;根据第四段的第一句和第五段内容可知,这两段说明气候变化对其他种类的海豹有积极的影响。由此可推知,在作者看来,气候变化对海豹有利有弊,是一把双刃剑。故选A。
( )2.What will happen to the seals in warmer climates
[A]Their number will be on the increase.
[B]The female seals will be in the lead.
[C]Their genes will change a great deal.
[D]The females will keep away from the males.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句可知,生活在温暖气候里的海豹会因这些改变而繁殖更多的幼崽,海豹的数量会增加。故选A。
( )3.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
[A]The Importance of Protecting Seals
[B]Seals’ Adaptation to Climate Change
[C]How Climate Change Affects Seals
[D]Why Are Seals Becoming Less and Less
C
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章第一段说明全球变暖导致的气候变化会对海豹有影响;第二、三段说明气候变化对南极地区的海豹有消极的影响;第四、五段说明气候变化对其他种类的海豹有积极的影响。由此可知,C项最适合作本文的标题。故选C。(共23张PPT)
Unit 6 课时作业(二)
(分值:54分)
Ⅰ.句子语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
1.With our vacation (approach),we still can’t decide where to go.
2.Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang (run) away from the scene.
3.When I woke up,I found the ground (cover) with snow.
4.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog (follow) them.
approaching
running
covered
following
5.I heard Tom (sing) an old song when I passed by his apartment last night.
6.When Snow White came to herself,she found herself
(surround) by seven dwarfs.
7.With all the problems (solve),they went home happily.
8.She wants her room (clean) immediately.
9.The teacher caught him (sleep) in class.
10.They found the children (play) in the garden.
singing
surrounded
solved
cleaned
sleeping
playing
Ⅱ.情境写作(共7题;每题2分,共14分)
1.He (送修汽车) at the garage after it broke down on the way to the meeting.
2. (因为有很多作业要做),I can’t go shopping with you.
3.The manager saw the team members
(正努力工作来赶项目的最后期限).
got the car fixed
With a lot of homework to do
working hard to meet the project
deadline
4.She felt the wind (吹过她的头发) as she rode her bike down the hill.
5.I noticed the leaves (轻轻地从树上落下),
signaling the arrival of autumn.
6.My roommate (让我在宿舍外等了一个小时).
7.I (感觉手在发抖) while handing in the paper.
blowing through her hair
falling gently from the trees
left me waiting outside the dorm for an hour
felt my hands shaking
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题;每题2.5分,共10分)
There are few places on Earth that humans haven’t messed up.Now even Antarctica,the only continent with no permanent human inhabitants,is being altered by us.A study found that the increasing human presence in Antarctica is causing more snow to melt—bad news for a frozen world already battling the effects of human-caused global warming.
Black carbon,the dark,dusty pollution that comes from burning fossil fuels,has settled in locations where tourists and researchers spend a lot of time,scientists found.Even the smallest amount of the dark pollutant can have a significant impact on melting because of its very low reflectiveness:
things that are light in colour,like snow,reflect the sun’s energy and stay cool; things that are dark,like black carbon,absorb the sun’s energy and warm up.
“The snow albedo (反射率) effect is one of the largest uncertainties in regional and global climate modeling right now,” Alia Khan,a snow and ice scientist at Western Washington University,told the journalist.“That’s one of the motivations for the study,to quantify the impact of black carbon on regional snowmelt,which is important for quantifying the role of black carbon in the global loss of snow and ice.”
“Antarctica is sitting there pretty much silently all year.But,if it weren’t there,in the state that it is meant to be,the balance that we have in the climate system will no longer be,” Marilyn Raphael,a geography professor said.“Antarctica’s sea ice is also important to maintain a balance in atmospheric circulation,” he added.As waters get warmer,some Antarctic creatures are finding their homes more and more unlivable.
“Everything we do has consequences,” Raphael said.“We need to educate ourselves about those consequences,especially in systems that we know relatively little about.We have to be careful that we don’t upset the climate balance.”
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了由于全球变暖,南极洲的环境正发生着变化。
( )1.Why can the smallest amount of black carbon have a huge impact on melting
[A]Because it is highly reflective.
[B]Because its dark colour absorbs heat.
[C]Because it produces vast energy.
[D]Because it causes much pollution.
B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知,由于能够吸收热量,黑碳会对冰雪融化产生巨大的影响。故选B。
( )2.According to Alia,which of the following is one reason for conducting the study
[A]To measure the impact of black carbon on melting.
[B]To quantify the cost of battling against climate change.
[C]To remove the uncertainties of global warming effects.
[D]To urge people to pay more attention to the melting problem.
A
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知,测量黑碳对冰雪融化的影响是进行研究的原因之一。故选A。
( )3.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
[A]The changes caused by Antarctic melting.
[B]The methods to stop Antarctic ice melting.
[C]The significance of Antarctic being in its state.
[D]The sufferings Antarctic creatures are experiencing.
C
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第四段的第二句及第三句可知,本段主要讲述了南极洲对于环境的重要性。故选C。
( )4.What does Raphael advise people to do
[A]Reduce tourist numbers.
[B]Face the consequences.
[C]Acquire professional education.
[D]Stop disturbing the climate.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段Raphael说的话可知,Raphael建议我们停止扰乱气候,不再破坏气候的平衡。故选D。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题;每题1.5分,共15分)
When an animal species is considered endangered,it means that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has evaluated it as nearly extinct.It means that it is dying out and the rate of birth is 1.
(low) than the species’ death rate.Today,more and more animal and plant species are close to extinction because of a 2. (vary) of factors that cause a species 3. (become) endangered,and as you might expect,humans play 4. role in quite a few of them.
lower
variety
to become
a
5. (fortunate),many people around the world are devoted to
6. (help) these endangered animals through many efforts,including prohibiting illegal poaching,stopping pollution and habitat destruction.So far,many countries 7. (pass) laws banning specific exotic (外来的) species
8. (know) to endanger native habitats from entering the country.Exotic species are sometimes referred to as invasive (入侵性的) species,especially in cases of banning them.9. instance,the United Kingdom has placed raccoons and cabbages on their invasive species list,all of 10. are barred from entering the country.Furthermore,many countries have strengthened the protection of native habitats,and the awareness of residents has also been improved.
Fortunately
helping
have passed
known
For
which
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了濒危物种的定义和濒危的原因,以及阻止物种灭绝可采用的方法。
1.【答案】 lower
【解析】 考查形容词的比较级。由后文的than可知,此处应该使用比较级。故填lower。
2.【答案】 variety
【解析】 考查固定搭配。a variety of为固定短语,意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。
3.【答案】 to become
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处需用不定式充当a species的宾语补足语。故填to become。
4.【答案】 a
【解析】 考查固定搭配。play a role in意为“在……中起作用;在……中扮演角色”,为固定短语。故填a。
5.【答案】 Fortunately
【解析】 考查副词。空处在句首充当状语,修饰后面的整个句子,应用副词,句首首字母大写。故填Fortunately。
6.【答案】 helping
【解析】 考查固定搭配。be devoted to doing sth意为“致力于做某事”,为固定短语,其中to为介词。故填helping。
7.【答案】 have passed
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由时间状语So far可知,此处应该使用现在完成时;主语countries为复数,助动词应用have。故填have passed。
8.【答案】 known
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处为过去分词作后置定语修饰species。故填known。
9.【答案】 For
【解析】 考查介词。for instance意为“例如”,句首首字母大写。故填For。
10.【答案】 which
【解析】 考查定语从句。先行词指物,关系词充当介词of的宾语。故填which。
