unit 1 m8 A land of diversity.[下学期]
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| 名称 | unit 1 m8 A land of diversity.[下学期] |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2006-08-29 18:19:00 | ||
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课件136张PPT。Unit 1 Module 8Unit 1A Land Of DiversityWarming up & reading Unit 1A Land Of DiversityLead-inTell the names of
seven Continents & four Oceans
in the world.North AmericaSouth AmericaAfrica Europe Asia Oceania Antarctica Pacific
OceanPacific
OceanAtlantic
Ocean Indian
OceanArctic OceanThe location and neighbors of the USAFive lakesSuperiorMichiganErieHuronOntarioBrief Introduction America lies in the South of North America. It is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The northern land neighbor is Canada, and the southern is Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico.
Ocean on the east coast: Atlantic Ocean
Ocean on the west coast: Pacific Ocean
Country to the north of USA: Canada
Country to the south of USA: Mexico
Longest river in the USA: Mississippi River
Mountain range in the west: Rocky Mountains
Great lakes: superior, Michigan, Huron , Erie , and Ontario.
eaglenational symbolMore information national flagThe star spangled BannedWhat else do you know about the USA?U.S.A.Official Name: The united states of AmericaCapital city : Washington DCpopulation: 296,000,000Languages: EnglishMajor cities: New York.
Los Angeles .
Chicago.
Houston…National holiday: Independence Day, 4 JulyPresent President:
George W. BushFamous people:
Bill gate,
Michael Jordan…Nickname : Uncle Sam & Melting potTest your knowledge about AmericaWhat form of government is the United States ?
The United States is a Republic(共和政体）。
The United States is a Dictatorship(独裁政权）。
The United States is a Monarchy.(君主制）。
2. Who was the first President ?
Abraham Lincoln
George Washington
Bill ClintonTask 2Test your knowledge about America3. Who makes the law ?
The president makes the law.
The supreme Court (联邦最高法院）makes the law.
The congress（国会） makes the law.
4. Who presides (主持) the senate(参议院）？
The president
The vice president
The speaker(众议院议长）
Test your knowledge about America 5. Independence was won from what country ?
Germany
France
England
6. Where was the first capital of the United States ?
Philadelphia (费城)
Washington D.C.
New York City7. Which music form organized in the United States ?
Jazz
Rock and Roll
Folk songs
8. Which state is best known for wine ?
New York
California
Florida
Test your knowledge about America Pre-readingIf you have a chance to have a tour to the USA, where would you like to go and why ?Take
notes !!
Grand Canyon
Yellowstone National ParkNiagara FallslandscapeWhite HouseThe executive mansion of the President of the United States. The American President lives and works in the building.
Capital Hill美国国会MiamiIt is best known for its tourism industry. Miami Beach is warm and beautiful even in the winter.HawaiiStatue of Liberty Can you name them? 自由女神像Statue of LibertyIt is 305-foot-tall, which is given by France as a gift.Golden BridgeNew Yorkthe Broadway theatre & parkIt is a center of theatres.It is the largest seaport in the USA.famous citiesWashington White HouseThe PentagonIt is the U.S. Department of Defense.Los AngelesThe world-famous Hollywood Village is here which dominates the film-making industry of the nation. The weather is good , never very cold here and its beautiful suburbs of green hills are most suitable for film-making. Universal City Studio is the largest studio in the world. Disneyland is also located here.
ChicagoIt is called the Super Market of America. It is the most important industrial and commercial city.
The International Labor Day came from the worker’s strike in Chicago.
BostonIt is almost the oldest city in the USA. It is also a center of culture and education.San FranciscoChinatown in San Francisco:
Many Chinese have settled in California and many of them live thereWashington BostonLos AngelesChicagoNew YorkSan Francisoco New YorkWashingtonAtlantaLos AngelesChicagoABCDEMatch the letters with the cities: Chicago,Atlanta,Washington,New York, Los Angeles. Can you find the location of California
FCaliforniaIt has an area of 411.ooo square kilometers. And it is one of the American states of the largest population, with the most developed economy. beachLet’s appreciate some pictures of CaliforniaSunrise and seagullSan Francisco
Golden BridgeGolden Gate Bridge 唐人街
(Chinatown in LA)环球影城好莱坞星光大道街景 (Hollywood,LA) California is also called Golden State.
It’s the third largest state, behind Alaska and Texas, and runs almost 800 miles from north to south. It is not surprising that it offers a contrasting landscape and a diverse geography. California is amazing. The pleasant weather, long beach and graceful natural landscape make the tourism prosperous.Look at the picture on page 1-3 Discuss what each picture means to you:A native American farmer was standing beside a camp .It seemed that he felt very happy. May be he had a good harvest.
In fact,The villagers moved to these various camps in the forest during the harvest season,depending on the type of crop being gathered.
Life of Native Californian Indians: Native Americans A Californian gold miner around 1849He was a gold miner. He was panning gold.He looked not only thin and weak,but also thirsty and tired.It was difficult for them to achieve the dream of becoming rich.Gold Rush PeriodA building in Chinatown, San FranciscoMany Chinese have settled in California and many of them live in Chinatown in San Francisco. By 1990,the nations being immigrated from different parts of the world had made California into the most racially and ethnically diverse state in the country. It shows us a Catholic religious man who came California to teach the natives. In the early 16th century, Spanish fought against the na?ve people , took their land and settled in California. So many African Americans were having classes in the school. In 1924, the United States
Congress gave Native Americans the same
rights as other citizens for the first time.
School segregation and discrimination in housing were banned, but African Americans still encountered prejudice and hostility.
ReadingScanning1. Who were the first to arrive in California to rush for gold?
South Americans and people from the United States.
2. When and why did the large number of Chinese immigrate to California?
During the Gold Rush Period, many Chinese immigrated to California to achieve their dream of becoming rich. In the 1860s,a large number of Chinese went there to build the railway from the west to east coast.
3. What attracted people from different parts of the world to immigrate to California?
I think the temperate climate attracted immigrants to California. Maybe the modern lifestyle there is more attractive to people from other parts of the world.
ComprehendingFill in the following form. SkimmingNative
AmericansArrived firstSpanishBecame part of MexicoBecame the 31st stateDiscovered&Rush for goldDeclare war&Given back1800s1860s1800sLate 1900sBy 1920sEarly 1900s1911Recent
decades1970s2.Besides each date note down
an important event in Californian history.
1850 :1848:1846:1821:
16 century:
Spanish soldiers arrived in South America 15,000 years ago
First settlers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia. These
People are now as Native Americans.California became part of Mecico.The US declared war on MexicoGold was discovered in California.California became the 31st state of the US.3. Beside each cultural group, write the period in which
they first came to California in large numbers.
Russians
Chinese
Africans
Italians
Jewish
Japanese
Early 1800Late 1840s / early 1850s1800sLate 1800s1920sEarly 1900sCambodians
Koreans
Danish
PakistanisFrom about the 1970sFrom about the 1970s1911From about the 1970sWriting style and techniques The passage is a historical narrative article. It introduces briefly the main history events of different periods of times in California. It also describes when, how and why the people from different parts of the world immigratedConsolidation to California. The short history of California is described clearly and accurately, which gives the readers a deep impression. Writing characteristic 1. The text is arranged well in the order of time.
2. The text catches the feature of people and things and uses adjectives.
3. The text centers on the subject and the purpose.
4. The text seems more vivid and lively with the inserted pictures. 1. The text is arranged well in the order of time.
2. The text catches the feature of people and things and uses adjectives.
3. The text centers on the subject and the purpose.
4. The text seems more vivid and lively with the inserted pictures.
Main idea The text mainly introduces the
short history of California. It describes the great history events happened in various times. It also tells us when, how and why different people from all over the world having been immigrating to California. It explains to us the reasons why it will be a simple multicultural community in the 21th century.America is a big melting pot. The melting pot here means that people with different cultural and racial backgrounds immigrate （迁移） to the
States, live together, get mixed and build up this wonderful culture that we call American culture today.
Homework 1. Discuss the question in Activity 4 on page 4, trying to explain the reasons in their own words and write 3~4 sentences.
2. Prepare for the word formations and collect suffixes of the nouns, verbs and adjectives. Language Points 1.California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.(L1)
形容词最高级表示“最”，与序数词连用表示“第几”
Mary is the tallest student in our class.
Tom is the second tallest boy in our class.
注意
(1) 对人口提问用what, 不用how many, how much。
What’s the population of the city?
这个城市有多少人口？ (2) population 作主语时用单数，但前有分数，小数，百分数时，谓语动词用复数。
The population of China is larger than that of America.
中国人口比美国人口多。
80% of the population are farmers.
百分之80的人口是农民。 (3) 人口的增加或减少用grow (increase) 和 fall (decrease); 人口的多少用large和small。
There has been a rapid increase in population in the city in the last few years.
近几年该城市人口增长很快。2.It is also the most multicultural
state in the US. . 也是美国拥有最多元文化的州。
multi- 是一个常用的前缀，表示“多”。
multi-coloredmultinationalmulti-channelmultistorymulti-formmultimediamade of many colorsincluding many nationshaving many channelshaving many storiesexisting in many formsusing many media (TV, radio and CDs) 3. This is not surprising when you know the history of California, which, at various times, has attracted people from nearly every country in the world.
当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史时, 这就不足为奇了。它在不同的时期吸引了几乎来自世界各个国家的人们。 1）句中which引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词California, 且在定语从句中作主语。
注意:
which引导限制性定语从句时，通常可与that换用，但引导非限制性定语从句时不能用that。 which 在非限制性定语从句中除指代前面的先行词之外，还可指代前面的整个句子，或句子的一部分。
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思, 这使我心烦。2）辨析: nearly与almost
almost与nearly意思相同, 当与动词, 副词, 形容词和名词连用时, 这两个词可以互换。如：
It’s almost (nearly) three o’clock.
差不多三点了。 但almost可以与no, none, nothing, never等词连用，但nearly不可以。如：
Almost no one believed her.
几乎没人相信她。
She said almost nothing．??
她几乎什么也没说。
I almost never see her．??
我几乎总看不到她。 nearly前可以和not连用，not nearly是“远不如”的意思，但almost不和not单独连用。more, than, too用nearly,不用almost.
The problem is not nearly so difficult to work as you think.
这道题远不像你想的那么难解。
The bike is pretty nearly new.
这辆自行车相当新。 nearly前可以和not连用，not nearly是“远不如”的意思，但almost不和not单独连用。more, than, too用nearly,不用almost.
The problem is not nearly so difficult to work as you think.
这道题远不像你想的那么难解。
The bike is pretty nearly new.
这辆自行车相当新。 4. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.
no one really knows 是主句, exactly when… California是know的宾语从句。what we… California是宾语从句, 作介词in的宾语。 5. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
但是美洲土著居民有可能至少一万五千年前就在加利福尼亚居住了。 1) sb./sth. is likely to do sth.
某人/某物有可能做某事
It is likely/probable/possible that...
有可能
It is possible for sb. to do sth....
有可能做...2) 辨析：likely, possible与probable
possible指客观上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable比possible可能性稍大，有“较为可能、大概”，指有实际依据；likely是从外表迹象判断有可能发生的事。 probable: 句型为 It is probable that…
possible: 句型为 It’s possible (for sb.)
to do sth;
It’s possible that…
likely?的主语可以是人，而possible与probable的主语不能是人。? Is?he?likely?to?win??
他有可能获胜吗？?
It’s possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow.
他明天可能来, 但也不一定准来。 There are two clauses in this sentence, can you find them out? What clauses are they? 6. Scientists believe that these first settlers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia to Alaska by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. Object clauseAttributive clause()()means: a method or a way (of doing)方式，方法，手段。单复数同形。
by means of: by using 依靠，凭借。
1. The thief had wanted to escape by means of a secret tunnel, but was caught.
2. The quickest means of travel is by plane.prehistoric times 史前时期
pre-是一个前缀， 表示“前”，“先”，“预先”。 e.g prepay, preview, prejudge, predetermine. 7. In the 16th century, after the arrival of Europeans, the native people suffered greatly.
在16世纪, 欧洲人到来之后, 当地人陷入了极大的苦难。vi. 受痛苦；受损害
vt. 遭受；忍受suffer 辨析：suffer与suffer from
suffer (vt.) 和suffer from的区别: suffer 指一般的损害、痛苦等等, 其宾语为pain, loss, grief, insult, punishment, wrong, hardship, injustice, discouragement, disappointment, setback (挫折)，但suffer from表示遭受战争，自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。 suffer the result /heavy losses /injuries承受结果/遭受大损失/负伤
suffer from headache/illness/war/the flood
遭受头痛/疾病的困扰/战争/ 洪水 辨析：die from, die of
die of 死于疾病、饥饿, 多指内部原因。
die from 常用死于创伤、交通事故, 多指外部未知原因。8. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by Europeans.
除此之外, 许多人死于欧洲带来的疾病。 die of cancer/hunger/sorrow/thirst/
old age
死于癌症／饥饿／悲痛／干旱／衰老
die from a wound/overwork/an unknown cause
死于外伤／过度劳累／不明原因
Many of them died of starvation.
The soldier died from a wound in the breast. Some die of hunger, but some _____ eating too much.
A. die from B. from
C. X D. of 9.Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.forced into slavery: 被迫成为奴隶1)Thousand, hundred, million, dozen, score 等表数字
的词表示具体数字时不加“s”，加“s”时泛指许多。
Hundreds and hundreds of people go skating in winter.
2) thousands of 成千上万的
类似的用法还有?：
hundreds of 数以百计的
scores of 许多
millions of 上百万的
dozens of 许多，大量
tens of thousands of 数以万计的Don’t forget!The teacher bought two ___books in the bookstore.
A. scores of B. scores C. score ofCBear them in
your mind! 10.However, some survived these terrible times And today there are more Native Americans Living in California than in any other state.当比较的主体属于被比较者里面的一员时，用other或else排除比较的主体。
Mary is taller than any other girls in her class.
Mary is taller than any boys in her class.
No one else in the class is taller than Mary.
11. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century when they fought against the native people and took their land.
16世纪早期, 西班牙士兵到达南美洲, 这时同土著人作斗争并占领这片土地。
fight for
“为事业, 自由, 真理, 权利等而斗争(战斗)”
fight against (可用with) the enemy
“为反对……而斗争”；接人和国家名词， 意思是“与……战斗”辨析: fight against, fight for与fight with fight with sb. 也可表示与某人并肩作战
fight a war/ battle 打一场战争
They are fighting for freedom.
他们正为自由而战。
You should be ready to fight against difficulties.
你们应该准备同困难作斗争。
Two dogs fight for a bone, and a third runs away with it.
鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。
12. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men who came to tech the Catholic religion to the natives.
在第一批来到加利福尼亚的西班牙人中大多数是来向土著人传授天主教教义的传道士。 1)句中Spanish前面有序数词限定成分，故其后用不定式定语形式。
She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.
2)majority作“多数，大半”讲, 单独作主语时, 谓语动词多用单数, 在强调“多数成员的各个成员”时, 谓语动词也可用复数。 the majority of后可用单数名词, 也可用复数名词, 谓语动词的数与of 后面的名词相一致。
The majority of people prefer peace to war.
The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 13. In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war,gold was discovered in California.
not long after 不久之后
long after 很久之后
long before 很久以前
before long 不久以后14. Many died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves in the new towns or on farms. (1) remain的用法:
remain用作不及物动词, 意为 “剩下、留下、呆在”, 相当于stay。如:
When?the?others?had?gone,?Joan?
remained?(=stayed)?to?clean?the?room.?? 别人走了, 琼留下来清扫房间。
stay通常指在某地呆一段时间而不离开, 过暂时住在某地, 尤指宾客逗留,而remain指别人已经走了,而某人仍在原地。 He stayed at the hotel for three days.
Only?a?few?leaves?remained?
(=were?still)?on?the?tree.?
树上只剩下几片叶子了。
The?Smiths?remained?there?all?
through?the?year.??
史密斯一家人在那里呆了整整一年。
The?soldiers?were?ordered?to?
remain?where?they?were.??
士兵们接到命令呆在原地。注意:?“呆在那里”可以说remain?/ stay?there,?但“呆在家里”只能说stay?(at)?home.?remain作连系动词, 意为 “一直保持,仍然处于某种状态中”,?后可接多种成分作表语。1)?接名词作表语
Peter?became?a?manager?but?John?
remained?a?worker.??
彼得当上了经理, 但约翰仍然是一个工人。
Their?marriage?remains?a?secret.??
他们的婚姻仍然是个秘密。2)?接形容词作表语
Whatever?great?progress?you?
have?made,?you?should?remain?
modest.??
无论你取得了多么大的进步, 你都应一直保持谦虚。
The?shop?remains?open?until?11?at?
night.??
这个商店一直营业到晚上十一点。3)?接过去分词作表语, 表示主语所处的状态或已经发生的被动动作。如:
They?never?remained?satisfied?
with?their?successes.??
他们从不满足于自己的成绩。
(表主语所处的状态)
They?remained?locked?in?the?
room.??
他们仍然被锁在房子里。
(已经发生的被动动作)4) 接现在分词作表语,表示正在进行的动作。如:
The?guests?came?in,?but?she?
remained?sitting?at?the?desk?reading.?? 客人进来了,但她仍然坐在桌旁看书。
(正在进行的主动动作)
They?remained?listening.??
他们一直在听。5)?接不定式作表语, 表示将来的动作。如:
This?remains?to?be?proved.??
这有待证实。
(将来被动动作)
Whether?it?will?do?us?good?remains?
to?be?seen.?
这是否对我们有好处, 还要看一看。6)?接介词短语作表语
I?have?remained?in?touch?with?the?
Greens?for?more?than?10?years.??
我和格林一家保持了十多年的联系。
He?had?to?remain?in?hospital?until?
he?was?better.??
他不得不住院, 直到身体好转。注意:?
①?remain?作名词时,表示“剩余物”, 一般用其复数形式。如:
The?remains?of?a?meal?can?be?
given?to?a?pig.?
残汤剩饭可以喂猪。
They?found?some?remains?of?the?
Tang?Dynasty.?
他们发现一些唐代遗物。②?remaining?是形容词, 意为“剩余的”,常作前置定语; 而left则只能作后置定语。如:
There?are?only?5?books?left.?
只剩下五本书了。
He?bought?me?a?gift?with?the?
remaining?money.?
他用剩余的钱给我买了一件礼物。 Having?a?trip?abroad?is?certainly?
good?for?the?old?couple,?but?it?remains?___ whether?they?will?enjoy?it.? A.?to?see???? B.?to?be?seen?????
C.?seeing??? ?D.?seen?请看2002年的高考题: (2) make a life
开始新的生活
They go to big cities to make a life.
关于life的短语：
earn/make/get a living 谋生
lead/live a ...life 过着......的生活 15. By the time California became the thirty-first state of the United States of America in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.
到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国的第31个州为止, 她已经成为一个多元文化的社会。 “by the time + 从句” 作时间状语， 若从句用一般过去时, 主句常用过去完成时; 若从句用一般现在时, 主句就用将来完成时。
By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learnt maths all by himself. 16. ...it was the building of the railway from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860.
......, 但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东部海岸的铁路而来到加利福尼亚的。 本句用了强调句It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。
此结构强调的成分仅限于主语, 宾语和状语。
原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强调主语：
It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语：
It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening. 强调时间：
It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.
(注意不用when)
强调地点：
It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.练习： 1). It was last night ___ I see the comet. A. the time B. when
C. that D. which 强调句的结构是: It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 “who”，其余用that。 2). It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada. A. that B. when C. since D. as 考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A. 其实本句不是强调句。若是, 去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 “It is…that”, 只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。17.People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico.
have been doing 现在完成进行时,强调始于过去某时的动作持续发生到现在.
e.g. He has been painting the room.
他一直都在粉刷房间.when they moved north from Mexico 这是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词“the 1800s” 进行补充说明，先行词在从句中作时间状语，因此用关系副词“when”引导。
18. In more recent decades, California has become home to people from Asia, including Cambodians, Koreans, Vietnamese and Laotians.
最近几十年,加利福尼亚成了亚洲人的家乡,其中包括柬埔寨人、朝鲜人、越南人和老挝人。 这是一个简单句。句中有in the past few years, in recent years 等时间状语时, 句子的谓语动词通常用现成完成时，如: In the past ten years, great changes have taken place in my hometown. 另外, including 是介词, 意为“包括(于……之中)”。HomeworkFinish the Ex. of Unit 1 on book.
Surf the Internet to get more information about the USA, such as the history of the USA. Thank you !
seven Continents & four Oceans
in the world.North AmericaSouth AmericaAfrica Europe Asia Oceania Antarctica Pacific
OceanPacific
OceanAtlantic
Ocean Indian
OceanArctic OceanThe location and neighbors of the USAFive lakesSuperiorMichiganErieHuronOntarioBrief Introduction America lies in the South of North America. It is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The northern land neighbor is Canada, and the southern is Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico.
Ocean on the east coast: Atlantic Ocean
Ocean on the west coast: Pacific Ocean
Country to the north of USA: Canada
Country to the south of USA: Mexico
Longest river in the USA: Mississippi River
Mountain range in the west: Rocky Mountains
Great lakes: superior, Michigan, Huron , Erie , and Ontario.
eaglenational symbolMore information national flagThe star spangled BannedWhat else do you know about the USA?U.S.A.Official Name: The united states of AmericaCapital city : Washington DCpopulation: 296,000,000Languages: EnglishMajor cities: New York.
Los Angeles .
Chicago.
Houston…National holiday: Independence Day, 4 JulyPresent President:
George W. BushFamous people:
Bill gate,
Michael Jordan…Nickname : Uncle Sam & Melting potTest your knowledge about AmericaWhat form of government is the United States ?
The United States is a Republic(共和政体）。
The United States is a Dictatorship(独裁政权）。
The United States is a Monarchy.(君主制）。
2. Who was the first President ?
Abraham Lincoln
George Washington
Bill ClintonTask 2Test your knowledge about America3. Who makes the law ?
The president makes the law.
The supreme Court (联邦最高法院）makes the law.
The congress（国会） makes the law.
4. Who presides (主持) the senate(参议院）？
The president
The vice president
The speaker(众议院议长）
Test your knowledge about America 5. Independence was won from what country ?
Germany
France
England
6. Where was the first capital of the United States ?
Philadelphia (费城)
Washington D.C.
New York City7. Which music form organized in the United States ?
Jazz
Rock and Roll
Folk songs
8. Which state is best known for wine ?
New York
California
Florida
Test your knowledge about America Pre-readingIf you have a chance to have a tour to the USA, where would you like to go and why ?Take
notes !!
Grand Canyon
Yellowstone National ParkNiagara FallslandscapeWhite HouseThe executive mansion of the President of the United States. The American President lives and works in the building.
Capital Hill美国国会MiamiIt is best known for its tourism industry. Miami Beach is warm and beautiful even in the winter.HawaiiStatue of Liberty Can you name them? 自由女神像Statue of LibertyIt is 305-foot-tall, which is given by France as a gift.Golden BridgeNew Yorkthe Broadway theatre & parkIt is a center of theatres.It is the largest seaport in the USA.famous citiesWashington White HouseThe PentagonIt is the U.S. Department of Defense.Los AngelesThe world-famous Hollywood Village is here which dominates the film-making industry of the nation. The weather is good , never very cold here and its beautiful suburbs of green hills are most suitable for film-making. Universal City Studio is the largest studio in the world. Disneyland is also located here.
ChicagoIt is called the Super Market of America. It is the most important industrial and commercial city.
The International Labor Day came from the worker’s strike in Chicago.
BostonIt is almost the oldest city in the USA. It is also a center of culture and education.San FranciscoChinatown in San Francisco:
Many Chinese have settled in California and many of them live thereWashington BostonLos AngelesChicagoNew YorkSan Francisoco New YorkWashingtonAtlantaLos AngelesChicagoABCDEMatch the letters with the cities: Chicago,Atlanta,Washington,New York, Los Angeles. Can you find the location of California
FCaliforniaIt has an area of 411.ooo square kilometers. And it is one of the American states of the largest population, with the most developed economy. beachLet’s appreciate some pictures of CaliforniaSunrise and seagullSan Francisco
Golden BridgeGolden Gate Bridge 唐人街
(Chinatown in LA)环球影城好莱坞星光大道街景 (Hollywood,LA) California is also called Golden State.
It’s the third largest state, behind Alaska and Texas, and runs almost 800 miles from north to south. It is not surprising that it offers a contrasting landscape and a diverse geography. California is amazing. The pleasant weather, long beach and graceful natural landscape make the tourism prosperous.Look at the picture on page 1-3 Discuss what each picture means to you:A native American farmer was standing beside a camp .It seemed that he felt very happy. May be he had a good harvest.
In fact,The villagers moved to these various camps in the forest during the harvest season,depending on the type of crop being gathered.
Life of Native Californian Indians: Native Americans A Californian gold miner around 1849He was a gold miner. He was panning gold.He looked not only thin and weak,but also thirsty and tired.It was difficult for them to achieve the dream of becoming rich.Gold Rush PeriodA building in Chinatown, San FranciscoMany Chinese have settled in California and many of them live in Chinatown in San Francisco. By 1990,the nations being immigrated from different parts of the world had made California into the most racially and ethnically diverse state in the country. It shows us a Catholic religious man who came California to teach the natives. In the early 16th century, Spanish fought against the na?ve people , took their land and settled in California. So many African Americans were having classes in the school. In 1924, the United States
Congress gave Native Americans the same
rights as other citizens for the first time.
School segregation and discrimination in housing were banned, but African Americans still encountered prejudice and hostility.
ReadingScanning1. Who were the first to arrive in California to rush for gold?
South Americans and people from the United States.
2. When and why did the large number of Chinese immigrate to California?
During the Gold Rush Period, many Chinese immigrated to California to achieve their dream of becoming rich. In the 1860s,a large number of Chinese went there to build the railway from the west to east coast.
3. What attracted people from different parts of the world to immigrate to California?
I think the temperate climate attracted immigrants to California. Maybe the modern lifestyle there is more attractive to people from other parts of the world.
ComprehendingFill in the following form. SkimmingNative
AmericansArrived firstSpanishBecame part of MexicoBecame the 31st stateDiscovered&Rush for goldDeclare war&Given back1800s1860s1800sLate 1900sBy 1920sEarly 1900s1911Recent
decades1970s2.Besides each date note down
an important event in Californian history.
1850 :1848:1846:1821:
16 century:
Spanish soldiers arrived in South America 15,000 years ago
First settlers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia. These
People are now as Native Americans.California became part of Mecico.The US declared war on MexicoGold was discovered in California.California became the 31st state of the US.3. Beside each cultural group, write the period in which
they first came to California in large numbers.
Russians
Chinese
Africans
Italians
Jewish
Japanese
Early 1800Late 1840s / early 1850s1800sLate 1800s1920sEarly 1900sCambodians
Koreans
Danish
PakistanisFrom about the 1970sFrom about the 1970s1911From about the 1970sWriting style and techniques The passage is a historical narrative article. It introduces briefly the main history events of different periods of times in California. It also describes when, how and why the people from different parts of the world immigratedConsolidation to California. The short history of California is described clearly and accurately, which gives the readers a deep impression. Writing characteristic 1. The text is arranged well in the order of time.
2. The text catches the feature of people and things and uses adjectives.
3. The text centers on the subject and the purpose.
4. The text seems more vivid and lively with the inserted pictures. 1. The text is arranged well in the order of time.
2. The text catches the feature of people and things and uses adjectives.
3. The text centers on the subject and the purpose.
4. The text seems more vivid and lively with the inserted pictures.
Main idea The text mainly introduces the
short history of California. It describes the great history events happened in various times. It also tells us when, how and why different people from all over the world having been immigrating to California. It explains to us the reasons why it will be a simple multicultural community in the 21th century.America is a big melting pot. The melting pot here means that people with different cultural and racial backgrounds immigrate （迁移） to the
States, live together, get mixed and build up this wonderful culture that we call American culture today.
Homework 1. Discuss the question in Activity 4 on page 4, trying to explain the reasons in their own words and write 3~4 sentences.
2. Prepare for the word formations and collect suffixes of the nouns, verbs and adjectives. Language Points 1.California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.(L1)
形容词最高级表示“最”，与序数词连用表示“第几”
Mary is the tallest student in our class.
Tom is the second tallest boy in our class.
注意
(1) 对人口提问用what, 不用how many, how much。
What’s the population of the city?
这个城市有多少人口？ (2) population 作主语时用单数，但前有分数，小数，百分数时，谓语动词用复数。
The population of China is larger than that of America.
中国人口比美国人口多。
80% of the population are farmers.
百分之80的人口是农民。 (3) 人口的增加或减少用grow (increase) 和 fall (decrease); 人口的多少用large和small。
There has been a rapid increase in population in the city in the last few years.
近几年该城市人口增长很快。2.It is also the most multicultural
state in the US. . 也是美国拥有最多元文化的州。
multi- 是一个常用的前缀，表示“多”。
multi-coloredmultinationalmulti-channelmultistorymulti-formmultimediamade of many colorsincluding many nationshaving many channelshaving many storiesexisting in many formsusing many media (TV, radio and CDs) 3. This is not surprising when you know the history of California, which, at various times, has attracted people from nearly every country in the world.
当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史时, 这就不足为奇了。它在不同的时期吸引了几乎来自世界各个国家的人们。 1）句中which引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词California, 且在定语从句中作主语。
注意:
which引导限制性定语从句时，通常可与that换用，但引导非限制性定语从句时不能用that。 which 在非限制性定语从句中除指代前面的先行词之外，还可指代前面的整个句子，或句子的一部分。
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思, 这使我心烦。2）辨析: nearly与almost
almost与nearly意思相同, 当与动词, 副词, 形容词和名词连用时, 这两个词可以互换。如：
It’s almost (nearly) three o’clock.
差不多三点了。 但almost可以与no, none, nothing, never等词连用，但nearly不可以。如：
Almost no one believed her.
几乎没人相信她。
She said almost nothing．??
她几乎什么也没说。
I almost never see her．??
我几乎总看不到她。 nearly前可以和not连用，not nearly是“远不如”的意思，但almost不和not单独连用。more, than, too用nearly,不用almost.
The problem is not nearly so difficult to work as you think.
这道题远不像你想的那么难解。
The bike is pretty nearly new.
这辆自行车相当新。 nearly前可以和not连用，not nearly是“远不如”的意思，但almost不和not单独连用。more, than, too用nearly,不用almost.
The problem is not nearly so difficult to work as you think.
这道题远不像你想的那么难解。
The bike is pretty nearly new.
这辆自行车相当新。 4. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.
no one really knows 是主句, exactly when… California是know的宾语从句。what we… California是宾语从句, 作介词in的宾语。 5. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
但是美洲土著居民有可能至少一万五千年前就在加利福尼亚居住了。 1) sb./sth. is likely to do sth.
某人/某物有可能做某事
It is likely/probable/possible that...
有可能
It is possible for sb. to do sth....
有可能做...2) 辨析：likely, possible与probable
possible指客观上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable比possible可能性稍大，有“较为可能、大概”，指有实际依据；likely是从外表迹象判断有可能发生的事。 probable: 句型为 It is probable that…
possible: 句型为 It’s possible (for sb.)
to do sth;
It’s possible that…
likely?的主语可以是人，而possible与probable的主语不能是人。? Is?he?likely?to?win??
他有可能获胜吗？?
It’s possible, though not probable, that he will come tomorrow.
他明天可能来, 但也不一定准来。 There are two clauses in this sentence, can you find them out? What clauses are they? 6. Scientists believe that these first settlers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia to Alaska by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. Object clauseAttributive clause()()means: a method or a way (of doing)方式，方法，手段。单复数同形。
by means of: by using 依靠，凭借。
1. The thief had wanted to escape by means of a secret tunnel, but was caught.
2. The quickest means of travel is by plane.prehistoric times 史前时期
pre-是一个前缀， 表示“前”，“先”，“预先”。 e.g prepay, preview, prejudge, predetermine. 7. In the 16th century, after the arrival of Europeans, the native people suffered greatly.
在16世纪, 欧洲人到来之后, 当地人陷入了极大的苦难。vi. 受痛苦；受损害
vt. 遭受；忍受suffer 辨析：suffer与suffer from
suffer (vt.) 和suffer from的区别: suffer 指一般的损害、痛苦等等, 其宾语为pain, loss, grief, insult, punishment, wrong, hardship, injustice, discouragement, disappointment, setback (挫折)，但suffer from表示遭受战争，自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。 suffer the result /heavy losses /injuries承受结果/遭受大损失/负伤
suffer from headache/illness/war/the flood
遭受头痛/疾病的困扰/战争/ 洪水 辨析：die from, die of
die of 死于疾病、饥饿, 多指内部原因。
die from 常用死于创伤、交通事故, 多指外部未知原因。8. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by Europeans.
除此之外, 许多人死于欧洲带来的疾病。 die of cancer/hunger/sorrow/thirst/
old age
死于癌症／饥饿／悲痛／干旱／衰老
die from a wound/overwork/an unknown cause
死于外伤／过度劳累／不明原因
Many of them died of starvation.
The soldier died from a wound in the breast. Some die of hunger, but some _____ eating too much.
A. die from B. from
C. X D. of 9.Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.forced into slavery: 被迫成为奴隶1)Thousand, hundred, million, dozen, score 等表数字
的词表示具体数字时不加“s”，加“s”时泛指许多。
Hundreds and hundreds of people go skating in winter.
2) thousands of 成千上万的
类似的用法还有?：
hundreds of 数以百计的
scores of 许多
millions of 上百万的
dozens of 许多，大量
tens of thousands of 数以万计的Don’t forget!The teacher bought two ___books in the bookstore.
A. scores of B. scores C. score ofCBear them in
your mind! 10.However, some survived these terrible times And today there are more Native Americans Living in California than in any other state.当比较的主体属于被比较者里面的一员时，用other或else排除比较的主体。
Mary is taller than any other girls in her class.
Mary is taller than any boys in her class.
No one else in the class is taller than Mary.
11. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century when they fought against the native people and took their land.
16世纪早期, 西班牙士兵到达南美洲, 这时同土著人作斗争并占领这片土地。
fight for
“为事业, 自由, 真理, 权利等而斗争(战斗)”
fight against (可用with) the enemy
“为反对……而斗争”；接人和国家名词， 意思是“与……战斗”辨析: fight against, fight for与fight with fight with sb. 也可表示与某人并肩作战
fight a war/ battle 打一场战争
They are fighting for freedom.
他们正为自由而战。
You should be ready to fight against difficulties.
你们应该准备同困难作斗争。
Two dogs fight for a bone, and a third runs away with it.
鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。
12. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men who came to tech the Catholic religion to the natives.
在第一批来到加利福尼亚的西班牙人中大多数是来向土著人传授天主教教义的传道士。 1)句中Spanish前面有序数词限定成分，故其后用不定式定语形式。
She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.
2)majority作“多数，大半”讲, 单独作主语时, 谓语动词多用单数, 在强调“多数成员的各个成员”时, 谓语动词也可用复数。 the majority of后可用单数名词, 也可用复数名词, 谓语动词的数与of 后面的名词相一致。
The majority of people prefer peace to war.
The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 13. In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war,gold was discovered in California.
not long after 不久之后
long after 很久之后
long before 很久以前
before long 不久以后14. Many died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves in the new towns or on farms. (1) remain的用法:
remain用作不及物动词, 意为 “剩下、留下、呆在”, 相当于stay。如:
When?the?others?had?gone,?Joan?
remained?(=stayed)?to?clean?the?room.?? 别人走了, 琼留下来清扫房间。
stay通常指在某地呆一段时间而不离开, 过暂时住在某地, 尤指宾客逗留,而remain指别人已经走了,而某人仍在原地。 He stayed at the hotel for three days.
Only?a?few?leaves?remained?
(=were?still)?on?the?tree.?
树上只剩下几片叶子了。
The?Smiths?remained?there?all?
through?the?year.??
史密斯一家人在那里呆了整整一年。
The?soldiers?were?ordered?to?
remain?where?they?were.??
士兵们接到命令呆在原地。注意:?“呆在那里”可以说remain?/ stay?there,?但“呆在家里”只能说stay?(at)?home.?remain作连系动词, 意为 “一直保持,仍然处于某种状态中”,?后可接多种成分作表语。1)?接名词作表语
Peter?became?a?manager?but?John?
remained?a?worker.??
彼得当上了经理, 但约翰仍然是一个工人。
Their?marriage?remains?a?secret.??
他们的婚姻仍然是个秘密。2)?接形容词作表语
Whatever?great?progress?you?
have?made,?you?should?remain?
modest.??
无论你取得了多么大的进步, 你都应一直保持谦虚。
The?shop?remains?open?until?11?at?
night.??
这个商店一直营业到晚上十一点。3)?接过去分词作表语, 表示主语所处的状态或已经发生的被动动作。如:
They?never?remained?satisfied?
with?their?successes.??
他们从不满足于自己的成绩。
(表主语所处的状态)
They?remained?locked?in?the?
room.??
他们仍然被锁在房子里。
(已经发生的被动动作)4) 接现在分词作表语,表示正在进行的动作。如:
The?guests?came?in,?but?she?
remained?sitting?at?the?desk?reading.?? 客人进来了,但她仍然坐在桌旁看书。
(正在进行的主动动作)
They?remained?listening.??
他们一直在听。5)?接不定式作表语, 表示将来的动作。如:
This?remains?to?be?proved.??
这有待证实。
(将来被动动作)
Whether?it?will?do?us?good?remains?
to?be?seen.?
这是否对我们有好处, 还要看一看。6)?接介词短语作表语
I?have?remained?in?touch?with?the?
Greens?for?more?than?10?years.??
我和格林一家保持了十多年的联系。
He?had?to?remain?in?hospital?until?
he?was?better.??
他不得不住院, 直到身体好转。注意:?
①?remain?作名词时,表示“剩余物”, 一般用其复数形式。如:
The?remains?of?a?meal?can?be?
given?to?a?pig.?
残汤剩饭可以喂猪。
They?found?some?remains?of?the?
Tang?Dynasty.?
他们发现一些唐代遗物。②?remaining?是形容词, 意为“剩余的”,常作前置定语; 而left则只能作后置定语。如:
There?are?only?5?books?left.?
只剩下五本书了。
He?bought?me?a?gift?with?the?
remaining?money.?
他用剩余的钱给我买了一件礼物。 Having?a?trip?abroad?is?certainly?
good?for?the?old?couple,?but?it?remains?___ whether?they?will?enjoy?it.? A.?to?see???? B.?to?be?seen?????
C.?seeing??? ?D.?seen?请看2002年的高考题: (2) make a life
开始新的生活
They go to big cities to make a life.
关于life的短语：
earn/make/get a living 谋生
lead/live a ...life 过着......的生活 15. By the time California became the thirty-first state of the United States of America in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.
到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国的第31个州为止, 她已经成为一个多元文化的社会。 “by the time + 从句” 作时间状语， 若从句用一般过去时, 主句常用过去完成时; 若从句用一般现在时, 主句就用将来完成时。
By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learnt maths all by himself. 16. ...it was the building of the railway from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860.
......, 但是更大批量的移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东部海岸的铁路而来到加利福尼亚的。 本句用了强调句It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。
此结构强调的成分仅限于主语, 宾语和状语。
原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强调主语：
It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语：
It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening. 强调时间：
It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.
(注意不用when)
强调地点：
It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.练习： 1). It was last night ___ I see the comet. A. the time B. when
C. that D. which 强调句的结构是: It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 “who”，其余用that。 2). It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada. A. that B. when C. since D. as 考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A. 其实本句不是强调句。若是, 去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 “It is…that”, 只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。17.People from Africa have been living in California since the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico.
have been doing 现在完成进行时,强调始于过去某时的动作持续发生到现在.
e.g. He has been painting the room.
他一直都在粉刷房间.when they moved north from Mexico 这是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词“the 1800s” 进行补充说明，先行词在从句中作时间状语，因此用关系副词“when”引导。
18. In more recent decades, California has become home to people from Asia, including Cambodians, Koreans, Vietnamese and Laotians.
最近几十年,加利福尼亚成了亚洲人的家乡,其中包括柬埔寨人、朝鲜人、越南人和老挝人。 这是一个简单句。句中有in the past few years, in recent years 等时间状语时, 句子的谓语动词通常用现成完成时，如: In the past ten years, great changes have taken place in my hometown. 另外, including 是介词, 意为“包括(于……之中)”。HomeworkFinish the Ex. of Unit 1 on book.
Surf the Internet to get more information about the USA, such as the history of the USA. Thank you !