课件54张PPT。课标人教实验版高二 Module 8
Unit 3 Unit 3
Inventors
and
inventions广东 李上梅Grammar动词-ed形式作定语
动词-ed形式作表语
动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如：
spoken English (英语口语)；
iced beer (冰冻啤酒)；一、动词-ed形式作定语 cooked food (熟食);
fried chips (炸土豆条); 但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。
1. The tall man is a returned student．
高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。
2. My parents are both retired teachers．
我的父母都是退休教师。 (1)前置定语
单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰
的名词的前面, 作前置定语。
The excited people rushed into building.
激动的人们冲进大楼。
(=the people who were excited)
Lost time can never be found again．
虚度的时光, 无法挽回。
(=time which is lost) (2)后置定语
①少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能
作后置定语。
1. Everything used should be marked．
所有用过的东西应该做好标记。
2. Among the invited were some ladies．
被邀请的人中, 有些是女士。
3. The books left are for my students．
剩下的书是给我的学生的。 ② 动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
1. Is there anything planned for
tonight?
今晚有什么活动吗?
(=That has been planned for
tonight) 2. The meeting, attended by a lot of
people, was a success．
这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。
(=which was attended by a lot of people) 高考题Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa. (MET 90)
A.invited B. to invite
C.being invited D. had been invited
2) The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET 94)
A. having written B.to be written
C. being written D. written3) The Olympic games, in 776 BC, didn't include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
4) Prices of daily foods through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002年全国春）
A. are bought B. bought
C. been bought D. buying 5) Mr. Smith,____ of the speech, started to read a ____ novel. (2003 北京春)
A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored
C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring 过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，
而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：
He looked worried after reading the letter．
看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。
When we heard of it, we were deeply moved．
当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。
He seemed quite delighted at the idea．
听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。 二、动词-ed形式作表语 常见的作表语的过去分词有:
amused(愉快的)； broken(碎了的)；closed(关闭的)； astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)； experienced(有经验的); delighted(高兴的)； lost(丢失的)；
gone(遗失的)； disappointed(失望的)；worried(担忧的)； interested(感兴趣的) tired(疲劳的) pleased(高兴的)；satisfied(满意的)； surprised(吃惊的); married(已婚的)； known(著名的) 等等 作表语的-ed形式可被much, very, quite等所修饰。
I was very pleased at the news．
听了这消息我很高兴。
He grew much tired of the work．
他十分厌倦这工作。
He seemed quite delighted at the idea.
听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. (NMET98)
A. pay B. paying
C. paid D. to pay
2) As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends. (NEMT 2001)
A. separated B. spared
C. lost D. missed高考题3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____ as the plane was making a landing. (2004 上海)
A. seat B. seating
C. seated D. to be seating 三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。 She found the door broken in when she came back．
她回来时发现有人破门而人。
My grandfather had his old house rebuilt．
我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法
动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。 1. I must get my bike repaired．
我必须请人修理自行车。
(宾语补足语)
2. The girl was found beaten black and blue．
人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。
(主语补足语) (1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。We thought the game lost．
我们认为球赛输了。 I have never heard him spoken ill of others.
我从未听过有人说他的坏话。
She felt a great weight taken off her mind．
她觉得心里轻松了些。
They considered the matter settled．
他们认为这问题解决了。 (2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。
I have my hair cut once a month．
我每个月理一次发。
He was trying to make himself understood．
他正努力使别人听懂自己。 She held her hands pressed against her face.
她用双手按着脸。 ① (请人)把某事做完。
She had her house repaired．
她请人把屋子修好了。
Where did you have your hair cut?
你在哪儿理的发? “have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义： ② 参遭遇某种意外情况。
He had his hat blown away on his way home．
在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。
She had her wallet stolen yesterday.
昨天她的钱包被偷了。 ③ 完成某事 (自己也可能参与)。
I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected．
我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。
He has had one thousand yuan saved this year．
他今年已存了1000元。 (3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like，want, wish, expect, order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。
He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting．
他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。 The students wish the TV serial plays continued．
学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。
(4) 过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
小偷被带进来了, 双手被反绑在后面。 With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden．
周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花, 他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。
1) --- Good morning. Can I help you?
--- I’d like to have this package _____,
madam. (MET89)
A. be weighed B. to be weighed
C. to weigh D. weighed高考题2) The missing boys were last seen ___ near the river. (NMET94)
A. playing B. to be playing
C. play D. played
3) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year. (NMET2000)
A. carry out B. carrying out
C. carried out D. to carry out4) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ________ went wrong again. (上海1999)
A. it B. it repaired
C. repaired D. to be repairedExercises 1. Is this the bike which you wish to have ____?
A. repaired it B. repairing
C. repair D. repairedⅠ.单项选择： 2. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company (明尼苏达州矿业与制造公司 ), ____ as 3M.
A. knowing
B. known
C. being known
D. to be known 3. From the dates ____ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.
A. marking
B. marked
C. to be marked
D. having been marked 4. It was so large a room that a hundred people looked ____ in it.
A. losing B. lost
C. to lose D. having lost 5. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ____.
A. worried B. to worry
C. worrying D. worry 6. With ____ leaves ____ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.
A. falling; burying
B. fallen; buried
C. fallen; burying
D. falling; buried 7. She was glad to see her child well ____ care of.
A. take B. to be taken
C. taken D. taking8. Friendship is like money easier made than ____.
A. kept B. to be kept
C. to keeping D. being kept 9. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known
B. having been known
C. to be known
D. known 10. John rushed out in a hurry, ____ the door ____.
A. leaving; unlocked
B. leaving; unlocking
C. left; unlocking
D. to leave; unlocking 11. The girl ____ forward to buying a new gold watch.
A. referred to look
B. referred to looking
C. referred to looks
D. referring to looks 12. The disc, digitally ____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded
D. having recorded 13. ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare
B. When comparing
C. Comparing
D. When compared 14. ____ time, he’ll make a first class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give
C. Giving D. Given
15. ____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. To lose
C. Lost D. Having lost 16. ____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded
B. It was founded
C. Founded
D. FoundingⅡ.选择恰当的非谓语动词填空：
1. John Snow told the story about the _________ (astonish) people in Broad Street.
2. Some of the people _______ (invite) to the party couldn’t come.
3. There is a car _______ (park) outside the house. astonishedinvitedparked 4. The experience _______ (gain) will be of great value to us.
5. These seats are _______ (reserve) for you.
6. The library is ______ (close) on weekends.
7. Don’t drink the _______ (pollute) water.
8. The ________ (worry) mother looked at her________ (worry) son, looking _______(worry). gainedreservedclosedpollutedworriedworryingworriedⅢ. 单句改错：
1. The foreigner tried his best to make his point be understood.
2. They found a piece of rope with one end tying in a circle.
3. Mark got his hands to be burnt in the accident.
4. They both spent the night locking in the room. tying → tiedlocking → locked去掉 be去掉 to be 5. How would you like the rent to pay, in cash or by cheque?
6. What kept you so exciting?
7. You should speak loudly enough to make yourself hear.
8. I noticed the traffic holding up after a bad accident.to pay → paidexciting → excitedhear → heardholding →held 9. He wanted the door to paint yellow.
10. I know little about the girl calling
Lily. to paint→paidcalling→called Finish all of the Grammar Ex. 2~4 on Page 24, SB, and Ex. 1~2 on Page 65, WB.Homework课件36张PPT。课标人教实验版
高二 Module 8
Unit 3Language points in Reading广东 黄立葵 go through
(1) 经历
Most families went through a lot in the war.1. Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved?(2) 通过, 成功, 成交
The plan did not go through.
(3) 审阅, 检查
I can’t go though the letters in an hour.
(4) 翻找, 查看
Mother went through the drawer for her glasses.(5) 穿过, 通过
A terrible noise went through the house.
read through 通读
look through 浏览
flow through 流过
get through 通过, 接通,使….成功
search through 搜寻, 查找2. do research on /into /in... 从事, 进行, 做研究
They are carrying out a research into the causes of cancer.
research可作可数名词和不可数名词, 有自己的单复数形式。短语do research中research 为不可数名词。3. call up 打电话，使......回忆起
I’ll call you up tonight (call sb. /ring sb. up )
The old photo calls up memories of my
childhood. (recall sth.)
call for 需要, 要求
look back 回电话，召唤某人回来
call in 邀请, 请来
call on/at 拜访 (call on后跟人作宾语，call at后跟地点名词作宾语 )---Can I do the job?
---I’m afraid not, because it ___ skill and patience.
calls on B. calls out
C. calls up D. calls for
call on
drop in on
pay a visit to
go on a visit to
visit拜访某人+ sb.call at
drop in at
pay a visit to
go on a visit to
visit拜访某地+sp.4. now and then 有时, 偶尔
I see them now and then, but not often.
I used to call people ___, from the moment I woke up to the time I went to sleep. A. now and then B. all the time
C. at home D. at work5. Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something that would catch snakes but not harm them.
distinguish oneself 显扬自己, 使自己扬名
The man distinguished himself by his wisdom. distinguish 辨别, 区别
I can’t distinguish the twins, they are so alike.
distinguish…from 把…...与…...加以分开
distinguish sb. by 凭借…...辨认
tell …from… 把......与......区分开distinction n. 区别, 差异
distinctive adj. 有特色的, 与众不同的
distinct adj. 截然不同的 distinguishable adj. 区别得出的, 辨认得出的6. The first thing I tried to do was to see if there were products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. 在there be结构中, be的人称与数应遵循就近一致原则
There was a bucket of water and two chairs in the corner of the house.
There were two chairs and a bucket of water in the corner of the house.there be 强调某处有某物;
have 强调某人有某物指为人所拥有
There is a book on the desk.
I have a book.
seem的归纳总结
1)seem +to be +形容词/名词/介词短语/分词辨析: there be与have Something seemed to be wrong with him.
You seemed to be in a great hurry.
The first memories seemed to be connected with work.2)seem 构成的句式:
It seems that...
It seems as if/ as though...
There seems (to be )….
It seems that everyone was satisfied.
It seems as if you are the first one here.
There seems (to be) no reason for
believing him. seem 表示有某种根据的判断, 这种判断往往接近事实或者符合事实。
appear 从外表或者表面上看来“似乎, 好像”, 有时暗含“事实上并非如此”之意。
look 强调视觉上的印象。
It appears a true story.He looks a perfect fool.
Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ____everything. (2001上海)
to tell B. to be told
C. to be telling D. to have been told7. I set about researching the habits of snakes so I could tap them in the easiest way.
set about 开始, 着手
The sooner we set about it , the sooner we’ll finish. We set about cleaning up the mess.
set out 出发,启程
set out to do sth.开始做某事
set off 出发, 动身
set aside 留出, 对…不予以考虑
set down 记下, 写下
set up 设置,造成, 产生On receiving the assignment, we___ at once.
A. set to work B. set out to work
C. get down to work D. all the above
habit: out of habit 出于习惯
be in the habit 有…...的习惯
break the habit 改掉…...的习惯
develop/form the habit of 养成…...习惯habit 通常指个人经常行为
custom 一般指整个社会在一段时间里的行为、风俗
practice 指惯例, 也指商业或者法律上的常规做法。8. Between the outside and inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes hard when cooled.
when cooled 的构成：连词+过去分词, 相当于when 引导的状语从句: when it is cooled.Bear them in your mind!when/while 引导的时间状语从句中的主语, 如果与主句的主语相同, 常常可用when/ while +现在分词短语或者过去分词短语”的结构来代替。
You must be careful when you cross the street. = You must be careful
when crossing the street.While unfinished, he was ugly, but now he was a living horror.
while unfinished,... =
原从句为主动结构时, 用when/while+现在分词来代替; 原句为被动结构时候, 用 when /while+过去分词短语来代替。While he was unfinished When __ help, one often says “thank you” or “ it’s kind of you”. A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
9. abruptly adv.
A man with an abrupt manner is not welcome here.
abruptness n.10. convenient
be convenient to
It is convenient for sb.
It is convenient to do sth.
Will 3’oclock be convenient for you ?Come and see me whenever ___.
A. you are convenient
B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you
D. it will be convenient to you If it is quite __ to you, I’ll visit you next Tuesday. A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable11. Nor will you receive a patent until a search has made to find out that your product really is different from everybody else’s.以否定词no, not, never, hardly seldom 等开头引导的句子, 句子的主句要部分倒装。
Never can you pass the exam if you don’t devote yourself to your study.12. bear (bore, borne)忍受; 带有, 具有
I couldn’t bear to listen any longer, so I left the room.
bear doing 表示习惯性动作
bear to do sth. 表示一次具体动作13. mess n.杂乱,脏东西
v.无所事事, 混日子,胡闹
There is a lot of mess to clear up.
This room is in mess.
Stop messing about and tell me clearly what happened .
in a mess
make a mess of
mess up
mess about / around 14. be used to do
be used as
used to do sth.
be/ get used to doing sth.课件40张PPT。课标人教实验版高二 Module 8
Unit 32. Speaking & Writing1. Listening & Discussing1. Listening & discussingListening on Page 62Read these questions before listening and discuss them in pairs.1. What functions are already included on a mobile phone?
2. Which ones do you find useful?
3. What else do you expect a mobile phone to do for you?□ a mobile that “think”
□ a mobile that spends your money
□ a mobile that can teach you English
□ a mobile that chooses your holiday Listen to the tape and tick the descriptions you have heard.□ a mobile that makes tea
□ a mobile that is a computer
□ a mobile that wakes you up
□ a mobile that orders your foodListen to the tape again and answer these questions. Which mobile does Mary think she will buy and why?
Mary wants to buy the mobile that turns itself on when it receives important calls. She missed three yesterday when her mobile was switched/turned off.2. What extra applications do mobiles have now?
Mobiles can take photographs and act as a computer now.3. What extra applications will they have with the 3-G mobiles?
They will be able to monitor how you use your phone. They will book holidays, choose the airline, hotel and an appropriate place to stay. They will authorize paying for them too.4. Why is Mary worried?
Mary is worried because it might spend her money.5. What advantages do the 3G mobiles offer?
The advantages are that it helps people who are busy at work to order goods at the cheapest price or book holidays, air tickets, etc.
6. What do you think might go wrong?Listening textWHICH ONE SHOULD I CHOOSE?
Mary Brown is asking her friend,
Zhang Jie, for advice.
MB: Hallo, is that Zhang Jie? This is Mary. I’m thinking of buying a new mobile phone. What do you suggest?ZJ: Hallo Mary. I’m happy to help. It’s lucky you could get through. I’ve been having some trouble with the line and I keep getting cut off. If the line goes dead, ring me back immediately on my mobile and it should be OK. Now what do you want your mobile to do?MB: Well, I’ve heard about mobiles that are computers and can take photographs as well. Do you think they’re a good idea?
ZJ: Mmm. Yes, they’re useful. I can use the Internet even when I’m on the train.MB: So you suggest one like that then?
ZJ: Not necessarily. It seems there’ll be some new mobile phones coming on the market next year. They’re going to be even more powerful than the ones on the market now.MB: What are they going to do?
ZJ: Oh, you’ve no idea what they’re planning! These new phones will be able to organize your life. They’re called 3G phones because they’re the third generation of mobile phones. They “think” for you.MB: How can they do that?
ZJ: Well, they’ll be able to monitor how you use your phone. When you plan a holiday, the phone will know which airline you like to fly with, and will book the seats and the hotel. Then it’ll pay for you.MB: Wow! I’m not sure I’d be happy with that! I don’t like the idea of a machine spending my money.
ZJ: Well, many businesses already use mobile phones to buy goods. They leave them to order goods when they are at their cheapest.MB: Do they really? Well, I never! What I need is a mobile to stop me missing important calls. I missed three yesterday because my mobile was switched off.ZJ: You can have that too. There’s a new mobile coming out soon that will turn itself on when important calls come through.MB: Are you sure? If that’s the case, that’s the one for me! Thank you, Zhang Jie, I think I’ll wait for that one. Goodbye.
ZJ: Goodbye.2. speaking & writing Look at these Chinese inventions on P68 in pairs and discuss what you know about them. Think about what they were used for and the date they were invented. Collect the information by doing some research. Fill in the chart and prepare to talk about one of the inventions to the class. 1 An abacus is used to calculate mathematical problems including equations. It is more efficient than using the brain alone.It was never used in the West, but it is closest in fun_ction to a modern personal calculator.2 The printing press was used to print messages from the Emperor to the people. It helped the efficiency of government.Gutenburg(1398-1468)began to print books on his press about 1450AD in Germany.3 A water-powered clock was used to measure the position and movement of the stars in the sky. It dates back to the Northern Song Dynasty.The West did not even discover the sun was the centre of the universe until Copernicus in the fifteenth century AD. You have been asked to write an entry for an encyclopedia about one of these three Chinese inventions. Choose one and prepare to write your report. You will include a photograph or drawing, but you must explain some important points in your report: Writinga description of the object
what it was used for
how it was used
when it was invented Make sure that each point is a new paragraph. Make the first sentence of each paragraph a topic sentence and then add all the information. Finish the report by station when it was produced in China and when it was found in Western countries. A sample version:
The abacus is typically constructed of various types of hardwoods and comes in various sizes. The frame of the abacus has a series of vertical rods on which a number of wooden beads are allowed to slide freely. A horizontal beam separates the frameinto two sections, known as the upper deck and the lower deck.
The standard abacus can be used to perform addition, subtraction, division and multiplication. The abacus can also be used to extract square-roots and cubic roots. The abacus is prepared for use by placing it flat on table or one’s lap and pushing all the beads on both the upper and lower decks away from the beam. The heads are manipulated with either the index finger or the thumb of one hand. Each head in theupper deck has a value of 5; each beads in the lower deck has a value of 1. Beads are considered counted, when moved towards the beam that separates the two decks. After 5 heads are counted in the lower deck, the result is carried to the upper deck; after both heads in the upper deck are counted, the result 10 isthen carried to the left-most adjacent column and so on. Floating point calculations are performed by designating a space between 2 columns as the decimal-point and all the rows to the right of that space represent fractional portions while all the rows to the left represent whole number digits. The abacus is one of many counting devices invented to help count large numbers. The earliest counting device was the human hand and its fingers. Then, as larger quantities (larger than ten human fingers could represent) were counted, various natural items like pebbles and twigs were used to help count. Merchants who traded goods not only needed a way to count goods they bought and sold, but also to calculate the cost of those goods. Until numbers were invented, counting devices were used to make everyday calculations. 课件36张PPT。课标人教实验版
高二 Module 8
Unit 3Reading and listening Do you know about the world famous painting “Mona Lisa?
Do you know who painted the great picture?Leading in Do you think Leonardo da Vinci is really a good painter?
What else do you know he is famous for?《最后的晚餐》《圣安娜与圣母子》《圣母与圣婴》Was Leonardo da Vinci just a painter?ReadingRead the passage and answer these
questions:
1. Why did Leonardo need to design things for his employer when he was such a great painter?2. Why were Leonardo’s designs different?
3. How did painting help him invent things?
4. Which skill do you think was more important: his drawing for the inventions or his understanding of machines for his painting? Give a reason.1. The rulers of the small Italian states needed military inventions to help in their wars with each other. They only needed paintings in times of peace. Leonardo lived at a time of great instability, so military inventions were his best way of earning money.2. His designs were different because he took things apart and then improved them. So his designs were accurate and could be built and used.3. While he was studying under Verrochio, Leonardo observed and used a variety of machines, by studying and drawing the machines, Leonardo gained knowledge about their design and structure. His drawing skill enable him to produce clear drawings of his mechanicalideas easily, many of which can still be used to create perfect working machines. the use of mechanical gears was his most interesting part and he came up with numerous inventions based on the gear .4. His understanding of machines for his painting was more important because by understanding how each separate machine part worked, he could improve them and combine them in different ways to improve existing machines, which lead to a lot of inventions. One of the remarkable things about Leonardo da Vinci was his natural ability in so many subjects. Are you as clever as Leonardo? Find out by filling in this chart:famous paintings such as Mona Lisa.I could draw nice pictures when very young.a. Some of his early drawings showed clearly how various machine parts worked.
b. In this way he began to design machines no one had ever seen before.I sometimes look at books about different machines and try to design perfect working machines.He learnt to design whatever his employer wanted: cities, canals, bridges or weapons.I am interested in modern architecture.had his own school with apprentices of his own as an established artist did.I love children and enjoy making friends with them.learned about the anatomy of the human body by cutting it up I feel merciful for those sick people who suffer great pain.designed many new
things such as the
bicycle, a helicopter
and an “automobile”,
etcNo time spent on making inventionsTook things apart and found out how they worked in order to design a better one.Maybe there will be some evidence after I graduate and major in certain subject in the university.Discuss these questions in pairs.
1. How many ways was Leonardo able to earn his living?
2. How many areas are you familiar with?
3. Which areas of knowledge are you least happy with? Does this worry you? How might you put this right?Listening on Page 67 Listen to the tape and decide if you agree with the people on the tape. What do you think it was? Fill in the chart below with the ideas of the two girls and then make your own suggestions.a roundabout has four wheels and a floor
wheels go forwards and backwards, not round and roundcan move, big enough to carry a family no room to sleep in it, not easy to park at nightthe appearancemade of metal and not clotha caravan a tentI think Leonardo designed an ________ because __________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________early car the picture seems to show a vehicle that can move backwards and forwards, has four wheels and can take people for a ride. It does not have beds or room for beds, so it cannot be a caravan. It is made of metal so it cannot be a tent. It does not go round and round so it cannot be a roundabout.WHAT CAN IT BE?Ellie smith is discussing with one of her friends Tang Ling, what this invention by Leonardo might be. Listening text ES: Look at this drawings! What do you think this is supposed to be?
TL: I don’t know! It doesn’t say, but let’s see if we can work out what it is.
ES: OK. Now let’s see. It looks a bit like a tent but has four wheels underneath.TL: You’re right but when you look at the second picture with the wheels you can see that it had a floor to stand on and wheels below that. Do you think it was a roundabout for children?ES: Good thinking. But the way that he placed the wheels shows that it must have been for going forwards and backwards, not round and round. No, I don’t think it was a roundabout.
TL: Let’s look at it again. Do you think it’s made of metal?
The wheels seem to have handles to move them.ES: In that case it must have been large enough for more than one person. You would have needed four people—one to move each wheel. So it cannot be a tent as that is made of cloth.TL: Yes, I think you’re right.
ES: It also seems to have something like sticks coming out of the body Do you think they are for decoration?
TL: Perhaps. That is possible as we know Leonardo was an artist.ES: Yes and if that were the case, perhaps it was for fun for the family. It could carry four people to move the wheels and then another one or two children to help. Maybe six altogether.
TL: Wow! So it must have been made of metal. Nothing else could carry all that weight.ES: True! The wheels must be made of wood or metal.
TL: Do you think it’s a caravan?
ES: Yes, that makes sense. It would be big enough but there doesn’t seem to be any room to sleep in it. And it wouldn’t be very easy to park for the night. So perhaps it was an early car?TL: Well, let’s look in the guidebook. Oh no—it seems you’re not correct.
ES: Gracious. So what on earth can it be?
TL: Think again about Leonardo’s life. Can’t you guess?课件37张PPT。课标人教实验版高二 Module 8
Unit 3Unit 3Inventors and inventions 广东 黄立葵 What are the important inventions of the 20th century? Which do you think is the most important one?Warming upDiscussion:
Who was Edison? Do you know how many inventions he made? Can you mention some of them? Everybody knows he invented the electric bulb. A lamp can’t give light without electricity. Thomas Edison invented the electric bulb.Did Edison invent electricity? Can electricity be invented? Is electricity an invention or discovery? Why? 2. Which of this pictures show inventions? Does any of them show discoverers?Stephenson’s “Rocket”An amphibious carDNA伽利略的望远镜牛顿制造的反射望远镜X射线广泛用于医学领域谷腾堡发明的印刷机英国钟表匠阿克莱特发明的水力纺纱机3. Work out rules that will help you decide what is discovery and what is an invention?(1) A discovery is
A discovery merely makes known something that already exist in nature, such as the discovery on the New Continent by Columbia. (2) An invention is
something that created by human being, such as the lighting rod. 1. Electricity1. Systems of delivering electrical light and heating to homes and offices
2. Household machines for washing, ironing, keeping food cold, etc
3. Computers, telephones, television, etc2. The movement of air1. Airplane jet engines
2. Air balloons, etc Machines to help people with serious disease (like kidney failure) 3. The circulation of the blood4. X-raysBody scanners to see whether you are ill
2. Machines to treat illnesses (like cancer)4. Now in pairs discuss any modern inventions you know. Describe them to your partner and how useful they are in life today. Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved? Here give you some similar stages used in research, please out them in the suitable order.Pre-reading Applying for a patent
2. Finding a problem
3. Doing research
4. Testing the solution
5. Thinking of a creative solution
6. Deciding on the invention As you read the following passage, check the order you wrote above to see whether it follows the correct stages in producing an invention.Reading The text narrates the problem of the snakes and presents the procedures of catching them and applying for a patent, from which we have got a better understanding of how to do scientific researches and how to apply for aFast reading1. What’s the main idea of the text?patent. After learning, we know that it usually costs some time and continuous efforts in order to solve some practical problems in a scientific way. The writer wants to inform us of the scientific methods to solve present problem so that we students can not only broaden the horizons but become more skilled in discovering and considering carefully the problems in daily life. 2. What’s the writing purpose of the writer?We are also encouraged by the writer to be creative and hardworking as well as thinking independently.Find a problemThe snakes must be removed but not harmedDo researchLook for methods of removal; the habits of snakes3. The stages in making an invention.Test the solution several times
Try three times to make it work efficiently Apply for a patentThis means the solution is recognizedThink of a creative solutionIdentify three possible approaches: choose one4. Divide the passage into several parts and find out the main idea for each paragraph.Part 1(para.1)the discovery of the problem of the snakesPart 2(para.2-3)the research on the approaches to solve the problemPart 3(para.4-6)the attempts to catch the snakesPart 4(para.7-8)the requirements of getting a patent5. What are the three creative steps that the writer takes to catch the snakes without hurting them?1) to put the frozen bowl over the snakes’ habitat in the morning.
2) to put the frozen bowl over the snakes’ habitat in the evening.3) to put the frozen bowl over the snakes’ habit in the evening and carry a net to collect the snakes without harming them the next morning.6. Why did cooling the snakes make them less active ?
The cooling made the snakes less active because they are reptiles and their body temperature depends on the heat around them.7. Discuss with your partner what the advantages might be of getting a patent.
You are able to prove that you were the first person to make the invention.
You are recognized as a real inventor.
You can make money if you sell your invention to others.课件67张PPT。课标人教实验版高二 Module 8
Unit 3Reading广东 李上梅Lead-in Telephones become part of our life. But do you know who invented the telephone? A British inventor called Alexander Graham Bell. Discuss the following questions in groups:
1. What do you know about the inventor?
2. How useful is his invention to human society? Why?Pre-reading Read the passage quickly and find out the main idea of it.Scanning It mainly talks about the life of Alexander Graham Bell and how he made the great inventions. Listen to the tape and try to answer the questions on Page 26.
1. How did curiosity make Alexander Graham Bell into a great inventor?
2. What did he think was the key to his success as an inventor?Listening 3. What inventions did Bell make by chance?
4. Why will he always be known as the inventor of the telephone? 1. How did curiosity make Alexander Graham Bell into a great inventor? It made him ask questions, think of practical ways to solves problems, be prepared to try solutions (and alter them) several times and finally publish his findings for others. 2. What did he think was the key to his success as an inventor?
He believed that his curiosity was the key to his success. 3. What inventions did Bell make by chance?
Bell invented the telephone and the tetrahedron shape by chance. Both of these are extremely useful and still used today. 4. Why will he always be known as the inventor of the telephone?
He will always be known as the inventor of the telephone because it was a very popular invention and the patent made the most money ever.Language study 1. He found that by pressing his lips against his mother’s forehead, he could make the bones move in such a way that she could understand what he was saying.
他发现当他把嘴唇放在母亲的前额上，他就会让骨头以一种能让他母亲明白的话的方式运动。 这是一个复合句。found后接了一个宾语从句; way后面接了由that引导的定语从句，在这个定语从句中又包含了一个what引导的宾语从句。注意way作先行词, 后面的定语从句一般不用引导词, 也可用that/in which引导。 What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which 2. He believed that one should always be curious and his most famous saying was: “Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before. Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. All really big discoveries are the result of thought.”
他认为人应该保持一颗好奇心，他最著名的一名话是: “偶尔离开平路，去寻求困境。当你这么做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。所有真正伟大的发现都是思考的结果。” dive into
He dived into the history of China．
他潜心研究中国历史。
He dived into his pockets and fished out one dollar．
他迅速把手伸进口袋掏出了一美元。跳水(头朝下)；迅速把手伸入； (对活动，问题等) 全心投入，潜心研究 The boy dived into the river from the bridge
这男孩从桥上跳人河中。
dive into 作 “潜心于……” 讲时和devote oneself to sth. 的意思一样，但devote oneself to sth. 还有“投身于……; 把自己奉献给……” 的意思。 He ____ his career and made a great contribution to our country.
A. dived himself into
B. devoted himself to
C. dived into
D. devoted to every / each time 意为“每次; 每当”, 此 短语在句子中经常作连记词, 引导时间状语从句做连词的名词, 引导时间状语从句。能用做连词的名词短语还有：
the first time 第一次
last time 上次；
next time 下次；
the instant / moment / minute /
second … that 一 ……就 ____ I sees him, the old man is sitting in the same chair.
A. Every time
B. Every time when
C. At each time
D. Each time that 3. Bell never set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph.
贝尔从未打算发明电话而是试图设计一 种复式电报。set out (to do sth.)
开始（做某事）,着手干; 为某个目标而努力
They are setting out to do a new experiment.
他们正在着手干一项新的试验。
He set out to break the record for the channel swim.
他决心打破游过海峡的记录。set out to do sth. = set about doing sth.
set out for = set off for = leave for
意为“出发到……去”
Let’s set out before dark.
我们天黑前动身吧。
Tomorrow I’ll set out for Beijing.
明天我将出发去北京。 1. At dawn, they set ____ to get ready for the work of the day.
A. off B. about
C. out D. in 2. They set ____ at about 8 o’clock.
A. about to work
B. about to working
C. about working
D. out work 3. They ____ the mountain at noon.
A. set off to B. set out to
C. set out for D. set off in4. Suddenly he had a flash of inspiration.
突然间, 他灵光闪现。a flash of inspiration 指“灵感的闪现”
inspiration n.
〔C〕鼓舞或激励的人或事物
These events provided the inspiration for her first book.
这些事是她第一本书的灵感来源。〔U〕灵感, 启发； He said my sister was the inspiration for his heroine.
他说我姐姐是他的女主人公的原型。
draw inspiration from
从……中吸取灵感
inspire v. 激励；鼓励
inspired adj. 借助于灵感创作的
inspiring adj. 鼓励人心的；激励的5. If sound wave could be reproduced in a moving electrical current, they could be sent along a wire.
如果声波能够在移动的电流中复制, 它们就能够被沿电线传送。 reproduce vt. 复制; 再现……的形象或声音
The tape recorder reproduced the symphony.
录音机可使这交响曲重现。current
(1) n. 气流; 水流, 洋流; 电流
The current is strongest in the middle of the river．
河中央的水流最急。
This button switches the current on．
这个电钮接通电流。 (2) adj. 时下的, 当今的, 流行的, 通用的
Most of the old are interested in current events．
大部分老年人都对时事感兴趣。
They are expecting profits of over $2 million in the current year．
他们期望今年的利润超过二百万美元。
The word is no longer in current use.
这个词已不再使用。6. Being very stable, it has proved invaluable in the design of bridges.
(四面体)十分稳定牢固, 在桥梁设计领域的价值难以估量。 Being very stable, 是Because it is very stable的省略句, 它在句中作原因状语。stable:
1. The patient’s condition is stable.
患者病情稳定。
2. The ladder doesn’t seem very stable.
这架梯子好像不太稳。
a stable relationship 稳定的关系adj. firmly fixed; not likely to move, change or fail; steady
稳固的；稳定的；牢固的7. Although he will always be known for his invention of the telephone, he was in truth a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody’s life.
虽然他一直以发明电话闻名于世, 但是他的确是一个永不停息的探索者, 不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的可行方法。in truth 说实话; 说真的; 老实说
She laughed and chatted but was, in truth, not having much fun.
她虽然又是笑又是侃, 但实际上玩得并不开心。
I was in truth a miracle.
这确实是个奇迹。practical 实际的; 实践的; 实用的
I want some practical advice.
我想要些实际性的建议。
It wouldn’t be practical for us to go all that way just for the weekend.
我们跑那么远只为了去度个周末实在很不切实际。
The dictionary is very practical.
这本词典非常实用。Using Language
Listening and speaking Zhou Rui has decided to do a project on a living British inventor called James Dyson. So he telephoned Dyson’s company in England to interview one of its engineers about the great man’s ideas. Situation 1. Listen to the tape and tick the words you hear.□ washing machine □ drum
□ refrigerator □ court
□ carpet cleaner □ bicycle√√√√Washing machines at that time do not clean the clothes as well as by hand.He invented a machine using two half drums which move in opposite directions. 2. Listen again and make notes on James Dyson’s invention.Listening textGOOD DESIGN IS PRACTICAL
Zhou Rui is making a telephone call to an engineer who works for Janes Dyson, a famous British inventor. DS: Hello. Can I speak to Zhou Rui, please? This is Dr Smith.
ZR: Gook morning, Dr Smith. How kind of you to ring me back? Do you think you can accept my phone interview now? I’m very interested in James Dyson’s inventions and ideas. DS: Sure. I’m happy to speak about our company and its founder, James Dyson. He is not an inventor who makes something entirely new. He takes everyday products, like washing machines, and makes them work better. ZR: I see. How did he improve the washing machine?
DS: He found that clothes were not as clean from a washing machine as those washed by hand.
ZR: Really? Is that true? DS: Yes, because most machines had one large drum and the clothes went round and round in it.
ZR: So what can you do to improve that?
DS: This is the clever part. James Dyson invented a system with two drums in the same machine. Together they are the same size as the old drum but work differently. One drum goes in one direction and the other goes in the other. So it’s more like hand-washing and the clothes come out cleaner.
ZR: Was it easy to design? DS: No. It took many working models before Mr Dyson was content with the result.
ZR: How long did it take him?
DS: I’m not sure. But I know that when he invented a new carpet cleaner it took five years to design and over 5,000 tests before he was satisfied. ZR: Wow! I didn’t realize it took so long.
DS: Oh, there are more problems even after you get the patent. For example, during the early years James Dyson found that a large company making carpet cleaners in America was copying his ideas. He had to go to the court to protect his invention.
ZR: I hope he won.
DS: Yes, in the end that company had to pay us a lot of money because they had used our ideas illegally. It was an important day for us. ZR: What new ideas does James Dyson have?
DS: I’m sorry but you’ll just have to wait and see!
ZR: Thank you and I’m afraid I shall have to ring off now. Goodbye.
DS: Goodbye. 3. You want to apply for a job in James Dyson’s company. So you ring up one of his engineers to ask what kind of person he needs. Remember to ask for as much information as you can. Here some phrases that may be useful for you to make a telephone call:DialogueHold the line, please.
Hang on, please.
Just a moment, please.
I’m sorry, but this phone is out of order.
I can’t get through.
Sorry. He / She isn’t here right now.
Can I ring back later?
I’ll ring him / her up again.
I must ring off now because… S: Hello, is that James Dyson's company?
E: Yes, Who's that?
S: This is Li Ping. Is that the personnel manager?Sample dialogue: (S-student; E-engineer) E: Just a moment, please. Sorry. He isn't here right now. Can I take a message?
S: No, thanks. Maybe I'll ring him
again some other time. By the
way, may I ask you some
questions?
E: Sure, go ahead.S: I want to apply for a job in your company and I want to ask what kind of person you need.
E: Well, as far as I know, we need some skilled workers who are good at machinery and have a good knowledge of repairing some electrical equipment used at home, for example washing machine, refrigerator, electric fan and so on.
S: Are we graduates needed in some departments in your company ?
E: It's hard to say now. Maybe you will have some chance to work and learn in some department, but you have
to wait and see. lf you are free, you may call the personnel manager at three o'clock this afternoon.
S: OK, I will. By the way, how much will I get if I can work as your colleague?
E: Usually the average salary for new-comers is $2,000 per month. And you may get a rise if you progress well or have some invention in your work.
S: Well, I know. l must ring off now because I have to go back home for lunch. Thanks a lot. Bye!
E: Goodbye and good luck! Writing Now write a letter to James Dyson asking him for a job in his company. Here is the beginning and ending:Dear Mr Dyson,
I would like to apply to become an assistant in your company.
…
I would be grateful if you would consider employing me in your company.
Yours sincerely,
(your name)● Use the list of skills to make new paragraphs in your letter.
● For each skill set down any experience you have had, which shows that you are a suitable person. You may be creative in this part of the letter.
● Finish the letter by mentioning again the skills that you have.Information Dear Mr Dyson,
I would like to apply to become an assistant in your company.
I expect to get a degree in mechanical engineering from Beijing University at the end of this year. I have always been a good student and last year I finished Sample writing:third in my year and my professor expects me to do even better in this year’s exams.
I have worked (in my holidays) for a company that makes toys for the Western market. I helped in the design department and designed a range of newpanda playing cards and board games.
It was fun and made me think that I would like to work in a real inventor’s company.
I understand that my qualifications and experience are what you look for in a new employee. So I would begrateful if you would consider employing me in your company.Yours sincerely,
Lin XueHomework Correct your partner’s letter.
Go over the language points of the unit.
Finish all the exercises in workbook.
