unit 3 computers[上学期]
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| 名称 | unit 3 computers[上学期] |  | |
| 格式 | rar | ||
| 文件大小 | 6.6MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2006-12-19 08:30:00 | ||
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课件79张PPT。Unit 3 Computers Warming upHow do you use the computers in daily life？ (1). use computer for school work
(2). play games on the computer
(3). send emails to friends
(4). surf the Web for fun
(5). download music and films
(6). chat online
(7). search for information
(8). look at photographs
(9). do shopping online
……I. Discussion AbacusHuge computerPCCalculatorNotebook
computerInternetRobot?II. How do computers develop？ III. Show some pictures.An abacus A huge computer “银河”巨型计算机A PC robot
androidIV. Discussion: (What do they have in common?)I think that…
In my opinion…
I believe that…
What’ s your reason?
Why do you think so?V. Words related to computersWrite out all the words you know about computers.InternetdownloadupdatesearchclickmonitorkeyboardsoftwareWhat do the followings stand for?PC
IT
CD-ROM
DVD
WWWpersonal computerInformation technologycompact disc read-only memorydigital video disc World Wide Web CPUhard discCD / DVD-ROMCRT monitorLCD monitorchips / mainboardkeyboardmousemodemscannerprinterspeakerfloppy discUSB flash discCD/DVD/VCDMP3 playerVI. Small Quiz
How much do you know
about a computer???Give the English name of the
following picture of the
computer components (组件)VII. Read through the words in the box. Use some of them to name each part of a computer in the box. Monitor mouse keyboard hard disc floppy disc CD-ROM printer scanner modem Chips CPU floppy discchipsmonitormodemCD-ROMscannerkeyboardprinterVIII. Talking freely.Different attitudes towards computers.
Reading 1) Then in 1822 I was built as an Analytical machine by Charles Babbage.
2) My real father was Alan Turing, …
3) However, people thought I was simple-minded until they discovered I had “artificial intelligence.” 1. Who is the speaker in the story?
2. Write down three sentences from the story to support your idea.A computer.Fast readingTrue or false
1. Charles Babbage was the computers’ real father.
2. The speaker was built as an Analytical Machine in 1822.
3. The speaker was called a calculating machine in 1936.
4. The speaker was given a family connected by a network in the late 1960s. F [ Alan Turing. ]T[ a universal machine ][ in the early 1960s ]F F Careful reading Look the timeline below. Fill the blanks with information from the reading.The computer began as a calculating machine．1822Alan Turing wrote a book to describe how computers could be made．Computers had new transistors and became smaller1960sComputers were brought into people's homes．Computers connect people all over the world together.Language points1. calculate v. work (sth.) out by using numberse.g. calculate the cost of sth.calculator n. 让我们一起回忆一下以or结尾的词吧：visitor, survivor, competitor，actor…Language points2. in common: for or by all of a group
共同的；共有的；共用的
the land owned in common by the residents 居民共有的土地
in common 常常同have连用，如：
have nothing in common 无共同之处
have little in common 几乎无共同之处3. opinion
(1) 判断,意见,看法,观点
eg. I can’t give an opinion till I have heard all the details.
我需要听完所有细节才能发表看法.
in one’s opinion 以某人看来
In my opinion, the sum is not enough 在我看来,这笔钱不够.
have a good opinion of = think well of 评价好
have a bad opinion of = think ill of 评价低
4. analytical adj. 分析的,用分析法的
Analytical Machine 分析机
analyse vt. 分析分解 analysis n. 分析 analyst n. 分析家
analytical adj. 分析的 analytically adv. 分析地5. simple-minded:
showing very little intelligence
头脑简单的; 笨的
Richard is smart but he has a lot of simple-minded friends．
理查德很聪明, 可是他有许多头脑简单的朋友。
simple-minded 是一个复合形容词, 与它结构相同的复合形容词还有： absent-minded 心不在焉的
open-minded 虚心的, 没有偏见的
narrow-minded 心胸狭窄的
single-minded 一心一意的
strong-minded 意志坚强的
weak-minded 低能的, 愚蠢的6. artificial adj. 人工的,人造的
artificial flowers/limbs/pearls 假花/假肢/假珍珠
artificial intelligence 人工智能7. anyway 无论如何
Anyway, you can try. 无论如何你可以试试。
I don’t care what you say; I’m going to do it anyway.
比较: someway 意为“以某种方式;不知 怎么地”8. go by: (of time) pass e.g. As time goes by my memory gets
worse and worse.9. totally adv. 整个地;完全地
totally blind 全盲
total adj. 完全的; 整个的
total silence 寂静无声
in total 总共10. And my memory became so large that I couldn’t believe it!句型：so… that… 如此……以致于……与 too…to… 句型的相互转换And my memory became too large for me
to believe it.eg He is so old that he can’t carry the box.He is too old to carry the box. so...that...结构的so+形容词/副词位于句首时,句子用倒装结构。
So hard does he work that he seldom goes home.辨析：so…that… 与 such…that…
so + adj. / adv. + that
such + n. + that11. deal with
1) 对待(人、事) 同get along/on with, do with e.g. That man is easy to deal with.
2) 论及......,同 refer to, e.g. These novels do not deal with reality.
3) 处理，安排， e.g. I will deal with the problem.
其他deal词组：
deal in sth. 买卖/交易
deal sth. out 分发;分配比较: deal with/do with
两者都可以表示“处理”, 但在特殊疑问句中, do with也what连用,deal with与how连用。What do you do with
How do you deal with the wounded?12. I love being used to connect people who aren’t close enough to speak to each other.enough 的用法:作名词e.g. Enough has been done for him.作形容词 (通常放在名词前）e.g. We have not enough food.作副词 (放在形容词, 副词，动词之后）e.g. The book is easy enough for her to read.They didn’t run fast enough.You didn’t practise enough at the piano.13 advantage
(1) n. 优点，优势
eg. It is advantage if you know how to type.
如果你会打字，对你将是有利的。
(2) 利益，好处
eg. There will be no advantage in waiting any longer.
再等下去一点好处也没有。
disadvantage n. 不利条件14. mate n. 伙伴,同伴,配偶
teammate 同伴,伙伴
classmate 同班同学
workmate 工友
deskmate 同桌
roommate 室友
schoolmate 校友,同学15 type
a different type of bicycle，
但不可以说: a type of different bicycle
eg. John is a fine type of school boy.
约翰是学生的典范。
type kind, sort n. 种类
typical adj. 典型的
16 personally
(= speaking for oneself )
adv. 就自己而言，就我个人来说，用来
eg. Personally I think it’s a good idea, but you may not think so.
a personal call 亲自访问
one’s personal opinion 某人的个人观点
have a personal interview with sb. 同某人直接面谈17 in a way
在某种程度上。同 in one way 和 in some way
in the way 挡道，碍事
by the way 顺便说，附带说
on the way to 在通往…的路上
by way of 通过…方法 / 经由
in no way 决不
eg. In a way, I like this new textbook very much.
从某种程度上说，我很喜欢这本新教材。
By the way, where is the hospital?
He arrived in Beijing by way of Shanghai.
18 make up
（1）编排 eg. He made up the list. 他编排了那份花名册。
（2）组成
eg. Farmers make up nearly 80% of the population of China. 农民几乎占了中国人口的80%。
（3）创作
eg. The teacher asked us to make up a poem about Christmas. 老师要求我们创作一首圣诞诗。
（4）化妆
eg. Most women make up their faces every day now .
现在绝大多数妇女每天都化妆。
make up for 补偿19.after all,毕竟，到底与之易混淆的词组：
above all,首先，最重要的是
at all 根本（用于加强语气）
first of all 首先
In all 总计，总共20. wander V.S. wonder1) wander 是不及物动词，后接around, back, over, through, from, in等，表示“徘徊”之意。
The children wandered in the woods.
孩子们在森林里漫步。
2）wonder 是名词或动词，名词做“奇迹”讲，动词作“想知道”讲，后接名词，不定式，介词等。
I wonder at his rudeness.
我对他的粗鲁感到奇怪。learning about language 1、两种时态
1).现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）
现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用，如：yesterday, two weeks ago, in 1978, when I got there 等，现在完成时常与 already, always, often, ever, never, yet, not...yet, just等不表示明确的时间副词连用，还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since, for 的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如：now, today, this month, this year, recently, these few days 等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词，如：be, have, like, love, know, believe, hate等。
一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况，与现在毫无关系
2)现在完成进行时 (have/has + been + 过去分词）2、七种被动语态形式
1)一般现在时的被动语态 (am/is/are+ 过去分词）
例句：The work is done during two days.
2)一般过去时的被动语态 (was/were+ 过去分词）
例句：He was sent to the hospital immediately after the accident.
3)一般将来时的被动语态 (will/shall + be + 过去分词或+ be going to + be + 过去分词）
例句：The work will be finished soon.4)现在进行时的被动语态 (is/ am/ are + being+ 过去分词）
例句：The bridge is now being constructed.
5)现在完成时的被动语态 (have/has +been + 过去分词）
例句：The radio has been repaired when we phoned the shop.
6)带情态动词的被动语态 (情态动词 + be + 过去分词)
例句：This can be done in a few minutes.
7)动词不定式的被动式 (to be + 过去分词)
例句：This book have to be returned before Friday.现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去，到现在已经完成 或对现在仍有影响， 其构成是：have/has been + done。例如：
1. The dirty clothes have been washed.
脏衣服都已经洗了。
2. The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.
这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。
3. The child has been taken care of by Grandma Wang all these years.
这些年来，这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。
现在完成时被动态：
have / has? + been + 动词过去分词
现在完成进行时：
have / has + been + 动词现在分词
它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上，被动态接的是过去分词形式，现在完成进行时接的是现在分词形式。
1.主语是行为动作的承受者。如：
The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt. 张飞庙已经过重建。
2 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如
The door has been locked.
门已经被锁上了。
（我或别人现在进不去）
3. 动作或状态始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去。如：
He has been told about it for many times.
有人告诉他这事很多次了。
（可能还会有人告诉他）
4. 用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作。如：
We’ll start as soon as the work has been finished. 工作一完成我们就立即动身 ????注意点
1．副词的位置
often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等 副词置于have/has和been中间。如：
[误] Such a man has been hardly believed.
[正] Such a man has hardly been believed.
?
2．并不是所有动词都有被动语态
1）happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：
[误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.
[正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
?2）open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：
[误] The door has been opened of itself.
[正]The door has opened of itself.
?
3．短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：
The SARS patients have been taken good care of.被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are made by them?in the factory.
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。Exercises
1.?Both my brother work at the power station that ___ in my hometown.
A. has set up B. has been set up
C. was set up D. is set up
?
2.????? ----_____ the sports meet will be put off.
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told
C. I’m told D. I told
?
3.?? All the preparation for the task ____, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. complete
C. had been completed D. have been done
?DAB4. ---- How long ____ at this job?
---- Since 1990.
were you employed
B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed
D. will you be employed
5.?When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ____ yet.
are not decided
B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided
D. has not been decidedBD6. These books ____ into foreign language. A. have been translated
B. has been translated C. have translated
D. has translated 7. That book _________into at least 20 foreign languages.
?A. has said to be translated
?B. has been said to have translated
?C. is said that it had been translated
?D. is said to have been translated
答案: D。 注:该句的句型是:It is said that…/people (they) saidthat…/that book is said to …根据句意是已经被译成了20 多种文字所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。
AD8. I still remember _________to Beijing when I was young.
?A. to have taken B. having taken
?C. to take D. being taken
D改错题A personal computer has been bought by us.Many problems has been found with our new computer.A PC has been buildt the way we wanted.Our computer has just been joined to
the internet.The computer has been used every day
since we bought it.A lot of e-mails have been written on the computer in the past 5 years. ( )1.Do you know the thief ___ by the police ?
A. has caught B.has been catching
C.was caught D.has been caught.
( )2.Great changes___ in my hometown and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place; are being set up
B. have taken place;have been set up
C. are taken place;had been set up
D. took place; will set up DB( )3.It looks as if the house____.
A. hasn’t been painted B. hasn’t painted
C. painted D. paints
( )4.You can’t move in .The house _____.
A.is painting B.is being painted
C.has painted D.has been painted
AB( )5.In many parts of the world coal____ .
A. is used to cooking
B. is used to cook
C. used to cook
D. gets used to cookingB Using languageAndy—The AndroidUnit 3. Reading( 2)
Read the passage and answer the questions:1.What does Andy (the android) look like? It looks like a human.
He took part in competitions in Nagoya, Japan; in Seattle, Washington in the USA.
3.How does the programmer design Andy?She programs it with all possible moves she has seen while watching human games,then she programs all possible moves that it can use if a new situation arise.2.Where did it take part in football games?True or False
Andy is much bigger than a human.
The android can think like a human by themselves.
Andy failed to win the competition because his team was less intelligent than his rival(对手).as big as a human.cannotAndy is ____ ___ a football team. As a ________ on the football team, He can run very fast. His _____ _______ help him ______ and ______ like a human. Last year, his team competed with another one and won the _______ place. He thought the team who won the ____ ____ _______, and he wanted his ____________ to ______ his _________, because he thought that they could work together to ______ an even better _______.part ofstrikercomputer chipthinkmovesecondfirstplace cheatedprogrammerimproveintelligencecreatesystemWorkbook readingTHE SPORTING ROBOT (p58)Jump from spaceship and can turn,dive,circle,and dancePerformances on a flying island above Brussels in the skySilver medalFailed to perform wellA programmer failure2 new legs and a bigger head to be builtTrue or False
Hua Fei is good at high flying exercises.
Hua Fei won the first place in the 78th Olympic Games.
Hua Fei was not confident to win the 79th Olympic Games because his programmer was ill.Well, I’d like to design my android in this way. Since I like dogs very much , I will make it the shape of a dog. Every morning I’d like it to wake me up and fetch me what I ask it to take. Then it will go to school with me and carry my bag for me. Maybe at least it’s will cost 2,000 yuan, but it’s worth it.How do you design your android? What would you like it to look like? What are some of the things you would like it to do?Discussion
(2). play games on the computer
(3). send emails to friends
(4). surf the Web for fun
(5). download music and films
(6). chat online
(7). search for information
(8). look at photographs
(9). do shopping online
……I. Discussion AbacusHuge computerPCCalculatorNotebook
computerInternetRobot?II. How do computers develop？ III. Show some pictures.An abacus A huge computer “银河”巨型计算机A PC robot
androidIV. Discussion: (What do they have in common?)I think that…
In my opinion…
I believe that…
What’ s your reason?
Why do you think so?V. Words related to computersWrite out all the words you know about computers.InternetdownloadupdatesearchclickmonitorkeyboardsoftwareWhat do the followings stand for?PC
IT
CD-ROM
DVD
WWWpersonal computerInformation technologycompact disc read-only memorydigital video disc World Wide Web CPUhard discCD / DVD-ROMCRT monitorLCD monitorchips / mainboardkeyboardmousemodemscannerprinterspeakerfloppy discUSB flash discCD/DVD/VCDMP3 playerVI. Small Quiz
How much do you know
about a computer???Give the English name of the
following picture of the
computer components (组件)VII. Read through the words in the box. Use some of them to name each part of a computer in the box. Monitor mouse keyboard hard disc floppy disc CD-ROM printer scanner modem Chips CPU floppy discchipsmonitormodemCD-ROMscannerkeyboardprinterVIII. Talking freely.Different attitudes towards computers.
Reading 1) Then in 1822 I was built as an Analytical machine by Charles Babbage.
2) My real father was Alan Turing, …
3) However, people thought I was simple-minded until they discovered I had “artificial intelligence.” 1. Who is the speaker in the story?
2. Write down three sentences from the story to support your idea.A computer.Fast readingTrue or false
1. Charles Babbage was the computers’ real father.
2. The speaker was built as an Analytical Machine in 1822.
3. The speaker was called a calculating machine in 1936.
4. The speaker was given a family connected by a network in the late 1960s. F [ Alan Turing. ]T[ a universal machine ][ in the early 1960s ]F F Careful reading Look the timeline below. Fill the blanks with information from the reading.The computer began as a calculating machine．1822Alan Turing wrote a book to describe how computers could be made．Computers had new transistors and became smaller1960sComputers were brought into people's homes．Computers connect people all over the world together.Language points1. calculate v. work (sth.) out by using numberse.g. calculate the cost of sth.calculator n. 让我们一起回忆一下以or结尾的词吧：visitor, survivor, competitor，actor…Language points2. in common: for or by all of a group
共同的；共有的；共用的
the land owned in common by the residents 居民共有的土地
in common 常常同have连用，如：
have nothing in common 无共同之处
have little in common 几乎无共同之处3. opinion
(1) 判断,意见,看法,观点
eg. I can’t give an opinion till I have heard all the details.
我需要听完所有细节才能发表看法.
in one’s opinion 以某人看来
In my opinion, the sum is not enough 在我看来,这笔钱不够.
have a good opinion of = think well of 评价好
have a bad opinion of = think ill of 评价低
4. analytical adj. 分析的,用分析法的
Analytical Machine 分析机
analyse vt. 分析分解 analysis n. 分析 analyst n. 分析家
analytical adj. 分析的 analytically adv. 分析地5. simple-minded:
showing very little intelligence
头脑简单的; 笨的
Richard is smart but he has a lot of simple-minded friends．
理查德很聪明, 可是他有许多头脑简单的朋友。
simple-minded 是一个复合形容词, 与它结构相同的复合形容词还有： absent-minded 心不在焉的
open-minded 虚心的, 没有偏见的
narrow-minded 心胸狭窄的
single-minded 一心一意的
strong-minded 意志坚强的
weak-minded 低能的, 愚蠢的6. artificial adj. 人工的,人造的
artificial flowers/limbs/pearls 假花/假肢/假珍珠
artificial intelligence 人工智能7. anyway 无论如何
Anyway, you can try. 无论如何你可以试试。
I don’t care what you say; I’m going to do it anyway.
比较: someway 意为“以某种方式;不知 怎么地”8. go by: (of time) pass e.g. As time goes by my memory gets
worse and worse.9. totally adv. 整个地;完全地
totally blind 全盲
total adj. 完全的; 整个的
total silence 寂静无声
in total 总共10. And my memory became so large that I couldn’t believe it!句型：so… that… 如此……以致于……与 too…to… 句型的相互转换And my memory became too large for me
to believe it.eg He is so old that he can’t carry the box.He is too old to carry the box. so...that...结构的so+形容词/副词位于句首时,句子用倒装结构。
So hard does he work that he seldom goes home.辨析：so…that… 与 such…that…
so + adj. / adv. + that
such + n. + that11. deal with
1) 对待(人、事) 同get along/on with, do with e.g. That man is easy to deal with.
2) 论及......,同 refer to, e.g. These novels do not deal with reality.
3) 处理，安排， e.g. I will deal with the problem.
其他deal词组：
deal in sth. 买卖/交易
deal sth. out 分发;分配比较: deal with/do with
两者都可以表示“处理”, 但在特殊疑问句中, do with也what连用,deal with与how连用。What do you do with
How do you deal with the wounded?12. I love being used to connect people who aren’t close enough to speak to each other.enough 的用法:作名词e.g. Enough has been done for him.作形容词 (通常放在名词前）e.g. We have not enough food.作副词 (放在形容词, 副词，动词之后）e.g. The book is easy enough for her to read.They didn’t run fast enough.You didn’t practise enough at the piano.13 advantage
(1) n. 优点，优势
eg. It is advantage if you know how to type.
如果你会打字，对你将是有利的。
(2) 利益，好处
eg. There will be no advantage in waiting any longer.
再等下去一点好处也没有。
disadvantage n. 不利条件14. mate n. 伙伴,同伴,配偶
teammate 同伴,伙伴
classmate 同班同学
workmate 工友
deskmate 同桌
roommate 室友
schoolmate 校友,同学15 type
a different type of bicycle，
但不可以说: a type of different bicycle
eg. John is a fine type of school boy.
约翰是学生的典范。
type kind, sort n. 种类
typical adj. 典型的
16 personally
(= speaking for oneself )
adv. 就自己而言，就我个人来说，用来
eg. Personally I think it’s a good idea, but you may not think so.
a personal call 亲自访问
one’s personal opinion 某人的个人观点
have a personal interview with sb. 同某人直接面谈17 in a way
在某种程度上。同 in one way 和 in some way
in the way 挡道，碍事
by the way 顺便说，附带说
on the way to 在通往…的路上
by way of 通过…方法 / 经由
in no way 决不
eg. In a way, I like this new textbook very much.
从某种程度上说，我很喜欢这本新教材。
By the way, where is the hospital?
He arrived in Beijing by way of Shanghai.
18 make up
（1）编排 eg. He made up the list. 他编排了那份花名册。
（2）组成
eg. Farmers make up nearly 80% of the population of China. 农民几乎占了中国人口的80%。
（3）创作
eg. The teacher asked us to make up a poem about Christmas. 老师要求我们创作一首圣诞诗。
（4）化妆
eg. Most women make up their faces every day now .
现在绝大多数妇女每天都化妆。
make up for 补偿19.after all,毕竟，到底与之易混淆的词组：
above all,首先，最重要的是
at all 根本（用于加强语气）
first of all 首先
In all 总计，总共20. wander V.S. wonder1) wander 是不及物动词，后接around, back, over, through, from, in等，表示“徘徊”之意。
The children wandered in the woods.
孩子们在森林里漫步。
2）wonder 是名词或动词，名词做“奇迹”讲，动词作“想知道”讲，后接名词，不定式，介词等。
I wonder at his rudeness.
我对他的粗鲁感到奇怪。learning about language 1、两种时态
1).现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）
现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用，如：yesterday, two weeks ago, in 1978, when I got there 等，现在完成时常与 already, always, often, ever, never, yet, not...yet, just等不表示明确的时间副词连用，还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since, for 的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如：now, today, this month, this year, recently, these few days 等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词，如：be, have, like, love, know, believe, hate等。
一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况，与现在毫无关系
2)现在完成进行时 (have/has + been + 过去分词）2、七种被动语态形式
1)一般现在时的被动语态 (am/is/are+ 过去分词）
例句：The work is done during two days.
2)一般过去时的被动语态 (was/were+ 过去分词）
例句：He was sent to the hospital immediately after the accident.
3)一般将来时的被动语态 (will/shall + be + 过去分词或+ be going to + be + 过去分词）
例句：The work will be finished soon.4)现在进行时的被动语态 (is/ am/ are + being+ 过去分词）
例句：The bridge is now being constructed.
5)现在完成时的被动语态 (have/has +been + 过去分词）
例句：The radio has been repaired when we phoned the shop.
6)带情态动词的被动语态 (情态动词 + be + 过去分词)
例句：This can be done in a few minutes.
7)动词不定式的被动式 (to be + 过去分词)
例句：This book have to be returned before Friday.现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去，到现在已经完成 或对现在仍有影响， 其构成是：have/has been + done。例如：
1. The dirty clothes have been washed.
脏衣服都已经洗了。
2. The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.
这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。
3. The child has been taken care of by Grandma Wang all these years.
这些年来，这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。
现在完成时被动态：
have / has? + been + 动词过去分词
现在完成进行时：
have / has + been + 动词现在分词
它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上，被动态接的是过去分词形式，现在完成进行时接的是现在分词形式。
1.主语是行为动作的承受者。如：
The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt. 张飞庙已经过重建。
2 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如
The door has been locked.
门已经被锁上了。
（我或别人现在进不去）
3. 动作或状态始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去。如：
He has been told about it for many times.
有人告诉他这事很多次了。
（可能还会有人告诉他）
4. 用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作。如：
We’ll start as soon as the work has been finished. 工作一完成我们就立即动身 ????注意点
1．副词的位置
often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等 副词置于have/has和been中间。如：
[误] Such a man has been hardly believed.
[正] Such a man has hardly been believed.
?
2．并不是所有动词都有被动语态
1）happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：
[误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.
[正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
?2）open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：
[误] The door has been opened of itself.
[正]The door has opened of itself.
?
3．短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：
The SARS patients have been taken good care of.被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are made by them?in the factory.
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。Exercises
1.?Both my brother work at the power station that ___ in my hometown.
A. has set up B. has been set up
C. was set up D. is set up
?
2.????? ----_____ the sports meet will be put off.
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told
C. I’m told D. I told
?
3.?? All the preparation for the task ____, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. complete
C. had been completed D. have been done
?DAB4. ---- How long ____ at this job?
---- Since 1990.
were you employed
B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed
D. will you be employed
5.?When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ____ yet.
are not decided
B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided
D. has not been decidedBD6. These books ____ into foreign language. A. have been translated
B. has been translated C. have translated
D. has translated 7. That book _________into at least 20 foreign languages.
?A. has said to be translated
?B. has been said to have translated
?C. is said that it had been translated
?D. is said to have been translated
答案: D。 注:该句的句型是:It is said that…/people (they) saidthat…/that book is said to …根据句意是已经被译成了20 多种文字所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。
AD8. I still remember _________to Beijing when I was young.
?A. to have taken B. having taken
?C. to take D. being taken
D改错题A personal computer has been bought by us.Many problems has been found with our new computer.A PC has been buildt the way we wanted.Our computer has just been joined to
the internet.The computer has been used every day
since we bought it.A lot of e-mails have been written on the computer in the past 5 years. ( )1.Do you know the thief ___ by the police ?
A. has caught B.has been catching
C.was caught D.has been caught.
( )2.Great changes___ in my hometown and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place; are being set up
B. have taken place;have been set up
C. are taken place;had been set up
D. took place; will set up DB( )3.It looks as if the house____.
A. hasn’t been painted B. hasn’t painted
C. painted D. paints
( )4.You can’t move in .The house _____.
A.is painting B.is being painted
C.has painted D.has been painted
AB( )5.In many parts of the world coal____ .
A. is used to cooking
B. is used to cook
C. used to cook
D. gets used to cookingB Using languageAndy—The AndroidUnit 3. Reading( 2)
Read the passage and answer the questions:1.What does Andy (the android) look like? It looks like a human.
He took part in competitions in Nagoya, Japan; in Seattle, Washington in the USA.
3.How does the programmer design Andy?She programs it with all possible moves she has seen while watching human games,then she programs all possible moves that it can use if a new situation arise.2.Where did it take part in football games?True or False
Andy is much bigger than a human.
The android can think like a human by themselves.
Andy failed to win the competition because his team was less intelligent than his rival(对手).as big as a human.cannotAndy is ____ ___ a football team. As a ________ on the football team, He can run very fast. His _____ _______ help him ______ and ______ like a human. Last year, his team competed with another one and won the _______ place. He thought the team who won the ____ ____ _______, and he wanted his ____________ to ______ his _________, because he thought that they could work together to ______ an even better _______.part ofstrikercomputer chipthinkmovesecondfirstplace cheatedprogrammerimproveintelligencecreatesystemWorkbook readingTHE SPORTING ROBOT (p58)Jump from spaceship and can turn,dive,circle,and dancePerformances on a flying island above Brussels in the skySilver medalFailed to perform wellA programmer failure2 new legs and a bigger head to be builtTrue or False
Hua Fei is good at high flying exercises.
Hua Fei won the first place in the 78th Olympic Games.
Hua Fei was not confident to win the 79th Olympic Games because his programmer was ill.Well, I’d like to design my android in this way. Since I like dogs very much , I will make it the shape of a dog. Every morning I’d like it to wake me up and fetch me what I ask it to take. Then it will go to school with me and carry my bag for me. Maybe at least it’s will cost 2,000 yuan, but it’s worth it.How do you design your android? What would you like it to look like? What are some of the things you would like it to do?Discussion