高考单项填空解题指导[下学期]
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课件47张PPT。单项填空
答题指导2006届高考
英语专题复习
近几年高考
单选命题趋势近几年的NMET单项选择填空题的命题原则是：“突出语境，强化语意，强调运用”。它属于英语基础知识的考查范畴，但随着近年来试题的改进和发展，此项目中明显地增加了学科能力的测试内容，也即是说，试题不仅要求考生具有一定的英语语法知识和词汇知识的记忆、理解、掌握和运用的能力，而且要求考生能根据题干所给的语境条件，进行分析、对比并能灵活地运用各项英语基础知识。由于高考是选拔性的测试，所以单项填空题有一定的难度，这使得考生在此类题目上费时较多又得分率不高。因为它是整个试卷中的“门面”，虽然
所占分值不高，但对教学具有明显的
导向作用。它侧重对基础知识进行考
查，但不是对基础知识简单记忆能力
的考查，也不是孤立的考查。强调了
语境和语用。全国高考试题的单项选
择题多年来一直遵循着这一原则，高
考英语语言知识试题的考查突出了语
法必须有语言丰厚的文化背景作为基
础进行考查的特点。
2006年高考
单选命题趋势单项填空试题应该是对基础知识进行检测的试题，基础知识题在试题中应该占一定的比例，特别是根据形势需要，试题降低了一定难度的情况下，但是几乎所有的基础知识题的设置都有一定的语境，或需要参照一定的语境，而不是对基础知识孤立的考查。试题设计坚持语境化命题原则，纯语法规则的试题减少，考查英语能力、理解能力及逻辑推理能力的试题增加；知识覆盖面广，同时突出语境，注重对学生综合知识的考查。
高考英语语言知识试题的考查突出了语法必须有语言丰厚的文化背景作为基础进行考查的特点。
单项填空的命题要点连词、代词
形容词、副词
介词搭配
惯用短语
短语动词
情态动词
动词语态
句子结构
动词时态
非谓语动词做单选题应
具备的能力一、记忆、理解和灵活运用英语 中习惯用语的能力
二、基础词汇的辨析能力
三、语法词汇知识在具体语境中 的辨析和灵活运用能力
四、正确分析句子结构的能力
五、排除思维定势干扰的能力
六、捕捉句中隐含信息的能力1 创设语境
2 设置干扰
3 思维定势
4 汉英差异
5 曲折表达命题常用手段1)打乱句型
2)插入语干扰
3)标点干扰 4)省略句干扰Ex.1 创设语境法---What are you doing?
---I'm _______ the children. They should be back for lunch now.
A. looking after? B. looking at? C. looking for? D. looking up? --Do you have anything ____ .?
--Oh, thank you, I can manage it myself.
to do B. to be done
C. doing D. do1 创设语境法2 设置干扰
--------打乱句式The officer gave orders that anyone __a gun should be reported to the police station.
A saw take B. seen taking
C. seeing take D. seen taken2 设置干扰
------加入插入语—We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
—What do you suppose ______ to her ?
A was happening B. to happen
C. has happened D. having happened2 设置干扰
----标点符号Everyone was on time for the meeting---_____ Chris, who’s usually ten minutes late for everything.
A. but B. only C. even D. yet--- How long have you been here?
--- _____ the end of last month.
A. In B. By C. At D. Since 2 设置干扰
----省略3 思维定势Not far from the club there was a garden,
___ owner seated in it playing bridge
with his children every afternoon.
whose B. its
C. which D. that3 思维定势Wang ling was elected ____ all he is the tallest.
A. because B. because of
C. for D. as 4 汉英差异When we got to the top of the
mountain the sun was rising
____ the east.
to B. from
C. in D. at ----She really sings perfectly.
----Yes, I have never heard ______ voice.
A. a good B. a better
C. a best D. the best5 曲折表达解题技巧：一.还原法
题干以省略句，疑问句，被动句，倒装句，强调句或使用从句等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，从而达到加大难度。
例如： 1. To all of you _____ the honor for the success．
A．belongs to B．belong to
C．belongs D．belong 分析：倒装句，还原后为：
The honor for the success belongs to all of you.c 2. Time should be made good use of ___our lessons well. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learns分析：将题干改写为主动句，则为 We should make good use of time ____our lesson well.C 3.——What made her mother so angry? ——____the exam.
A. Because she did not pass B. Her not passing
C. She did not pass D. Because her not passing分析；将题干改写为：____the exam made her mother so angry.B 将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句等还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将多余的部分删除。
解题决窍：二.排除思维定势
利用思维定势的影响来设题，这是最容易让我们上当的题。因为我们背记了许多语法规则，词汇，词的固定搭配和句子结构等，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则，结构和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思是就作出了选择，结果当然出错。
例如： 1.I’m sorry I can’t help _____ the floor of the classroom.
A. sweeping B. swept C. to sweep D. to sweeping
C
3. Do you have any idea of the reason _____ he referred to？
A．that B．where C．why D．when
AA4. –What do think of the plan?
– I feel ____that we ought to give it up at once.
A. strongly B. strong C. stronger D. it strongA2. Madame Curie，for _____ life had once been very hard， was successful later．
A．whom B．which C．whose D．that 正确理解句意，避免定势思维。在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思维定势的干扰。解题决窍：三.克服汉英差异
英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，命题者常利用汉英差异出题。如汉语的“参加”在许多情况下都适用，如参加会议，参加考试，参加解放军等，而在英语中则因不同的宾语用不同的动词，如: take part in the celebration, attend a meeting, join the army, take an exam, join in a discussion 例如：1.– It’s getting late. I'm afraid I must be going now.
- OK. ______ .（2004全国卷）
Ａ．Take it easy B. Go slowly
C. Stay longer D. See youD3. There was once a cruel king _____in the castle.
A. lived B. who lives
C. was living D. living
BD2. The population of China is _____than that of Russia.
A. much more B. much larger
C. many more D. many larger 留心英汉表达差异 ,平时要多读﹑多比较﹑多归纳，尽量避免Chinglish。
解题决窍：四. 注意题干惯性
此种类型的题多以对话形式出现，我们答题往往会借助原题干的动词时态和结构等来判断选项，结果造成错选。
例如：1. －Alice. you feed the bird today, ＿＿＿＿＿ ?
－But I fed it yesterday. (1999全国卷)
A. do you B. will you C. didn‘t you D. don't you2. --You haven't been to Beijing, have you?
--_____.How I wish to go there!
A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven't
C. No, I have D. No, I haven'tBD3.— Has Sam finished his homework today?
—I have no idea. He ______ it this morning.(2004全国卷)
A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had donec
1）补全对话；
2）分清角色。由于这种试题多出现在对话题中，答语往往较简洁，多有省略，拿不准时，应将答语补充完整。另外要分清问答语气不同所使用的情态动词也不同，注意汉英不同习惯的表达。解题决窍：五.区分形近义近词
把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项，若我们基础知识掌握不牢就难于区分。例如： 2. －Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?
－Yes. They have better players, so I＿＿them to win.
A. hope B. prefer C. expect D. wantC1. The films made by Disney ______?all over the world.
? A．are used to show ???? B．are used to showing
? C．used to be shown D．used to show 3. I’d like to buy a house—modern ,comfortable ,and
_______ in a quiet neighborhood.（2004福建）
A．in all B．above all
C．after all D．at allBC 1）明确词意 所选答案要符合句子意思；
2）归纳比较 平时要特别重视收集归纳比较同义词、近义词和相似词的异同，牢记它们的用法。解题诀窍六. 弄清语言环境
命题人在题干中不明确将语言时间或空间背景标示出来，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。例如：1.－Hey, look where you are going?
－Oh, I'm terribly sorry.＿＿＿．
A. I‘m not noticing B. I wasn't noticing
C. I haven‘t noticing D. I don't noticing2. Robert is said _____abroad, but I don't know
what country he studied in. （1999全国卷）
A. to have studied B. to study
C. to be studying D. to have been studyingA3. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he
didn’t’ show up. （2004广西卷）
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived D. should be arrivingAB1）身临其境，揣摩意图 特别是对付考查时态的试题更要将自己置身于所提供的背景之中，同时注意揣摩命题者的意图；
2） 认真分析题干里所隐藏的信息 如前后动词的时态以及那些貌似与题目无关的信息。解题诀窍1． 推敲——体会为主
近几年的高考单项选择题，命题专家精心设计题干，设置选项，是试题测试信度高、区分度好、难度适当的高质量试题。在复习中应对照答案认真推敲，仔细揣摩命题意图、思路，分析语境氛围的各种因素，力求语境氛围有全面清晰通彻的理解，真正领悟出正确答案的真谛所在。常言说“磨刀不误砍柴工”，这有助于提高答题准确率。
2． 运用——实践为主
根据新教材的特点和优势，尽可能在听、说、读、写的技能上多实践以丰富语言经验和语言意识，同时也应该尽可能地充分的利用音、形、图等视听媒介，以强化语言实践的效果。
提高语境选择题解题质量的思考3． 提高----精练为主
单项选择题的语境设计更贴近生活，更注重语言的适用性。因此高考复习应以夯实基础、提高语用能力为前提，不应当将宝贵的时间和精力耗费在浩瀚的题海中。因而，应避免大战题海，必须选择质量好的语境题来精练，达到掌握知识、理解知识和运用知识，提高能力之目的，举一反三进行解题的有序操作，以求收到事半功倍的效果。
Have a try
The car is already full, so there is no _____ for the computer. A. room B. place C. space D. area
Li Lin came ____ in the English—speaking contest. A. the second B. second C. a second D. seconds
We made Tom ____ monitor of our class and ____ monitor of Class 3 is Mike. A. /; a B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the
Lucy, as well as her friends, ____ this book before. A. have read B. has read C. reads D. read
Each boy and each girl____reading attentively in the reading room. A. is found B. are found C. is found to D. are found to
---Look, this pen is nice and it writes well. ---OK, I want to buy _____. A. it B. that C. one D. the one○○○○○○ 7.This is so difficult a question ____ almost no one can answer. A. which B. that C. as D. but 8.Don’t be afraid to ask for help ____ it is needed. A. but B. though C. since D. when 9.---Can I stay in Beijing for a week? - ---No, not that long. Just a _____ of days. A. number B. dozen C. few D. couple 10. With the man ____ us, we finished the work on time. A. helping B. to help C. help D. helped 11. In their opinion, this film is ____ one than the other two. A. the best B. the better C. a best D. a better
12. ---Why didn’t you study medicine? - ---I desired ____ into trade, but later I decided to study English. A. going B. to have gone C. to go D. to going
○○○○○○More practice--- You haven’t been to Beijing, have you?
--- _____. And how I wish to go there again!
Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven’t
C. No, I have D. No, I haven’t
2. Mr. Smith has bought a little house in the country, around ____ some green trees.
which is B. it is
C. which are D. them are
3. I can hardly imagine so pretty a girl like you ______ boxing.
like B. to like C. liking D. to have liked
4. If a book is in English, _____ means slow progress for you.
A. as B. which C. what D. that5. She left and on the table is her message: _____ I’ve gone shopping now and will be back at 10:30.
that B. where C. which D.
6. If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If ____, _____.
not; not B. no; no C. not; no D. no; not
7. You should treat him (in) the way ____ suits him most.
that B. in which C. / D. why
8. ---I can’t find Mr. Morris. Where did you meet him yesterday ?
---It was in the hotel _______ he stayed.
A. where B. which C. that D. the oneGood Luck
答题指导2006届高考
英语专题复习
近几年高考
单选命题趋势近几年的NMET单项选择填空题的命题原则是：“突出语境，强化语意，强调运用”。它属于英语基础知识的考查范畴，但随着近年来试题的改进和发展，此项目中明显地增加了学科能力的测试内容，也即是说，试题不仅要求考生具有一定的英语语法知识和词汇知识的记忆、理解、掌握和运用的能力，而且要求考生能根据题干所给的语境条件，进行分析、对比并能灵活地运用各项英语基础知识。由于高考是选拔性的测试，所以单项填空题有一定的难度，这使得考生在此类题目上费时较多又得分率不高。因为它是整个试卷中的“门面”，虽然
所占分值不高，但对教学具有明显的
导向作用。它侧重对基础知识进行考
查，但不是对基础知识简单记忆能力
的考查，也不是孤立的考查。强调了
语境和语用。全国高考试题的单项选
择题多年来一直遵循着这一原则，高
考英语语言知识试题的考查突出了语
法必须有语言丰厚的文化背景作为基
础进行考查的特点。
2006年高考
单选命题趋势单项填空试题应该是对基础知识进行检测的试题，基础知识题在试题中应该占一定的比例，特别是根据形势需要，试题降低了一定难度的情况下，但是几乎所有的基础知识题的设置都有一定的语境，或需要参照一定的语境，而不是对基础知识孤立的考查。试题设计坚持语境化命题原则，纯语法规则的试题减少，考查英语能力、理解能力及逻辑推理能力的试题增加；知识覆盖面广，同时突出语境，注重对学生综合知识的考查。
高考英语语言知识试题的考查突出了语法必须有语言丰厚的文化背景作为基础进行考查的特点。
单项填空的命题要点连词、代词
形容词、副词
介词搭配
惯用短语
短语动词
情态动词
动词语态
句子结构
动词时态
非谓语动词做单选题应
具备的能力一、记忆、理解和灵活运用英语 中习惯用语的能力
二、基础词汇的辨析能力
三、语法词汇知识在具体语境中 的辨析和灵活运用能力
四、正确分析句子结构的能力
五、排除思维定势干扰的能力
六、捕捉句中隐含信息的能力1 创设语境
2 设置干扰
3 思维定势
4 汉英差异
5 曲折表达命题常用手段1)打乱句型
2)插入语干扰
3)标点干扰 4)省略句干扰Ex.1 创设语境法---What are you doing?
---I'm _______ the children. They should be back for lunch now.
A. looking after? B. looking at? C. looking for? D. looking up? --Do you have anything ____ .?
--Oh, thank you, I can manage it myself.
to do B. to be done
C. doing D. do1 创设语境法2 设置干扰
--------打乱句式The officer gave orders that anyone __a gun should be reported to the police station.
A saw take B. seen taking
C. seeing take D. seen taken2 设置干扰
------加入插入语—We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.
—What do you suppose ______ to her ?
A was happening B. to happen
C. has happened D. having happened2 设置干扰
----标点符号Everyone was on time for the meeting---_____ Chris, who’s usually ten minutes late for everything.
A. but B. only C. even D. yet--- How long have you been here?
--- _____ the end of last month.
A. In B. By C. At D. Since 2 设置干扰
----省略3 思维定势Not far from the club there was a garden,
___ owner seated in it playing bridge
with his children every afternoon.
whose B. its
C. which D. that3 思维定势Wang ling was elected ____ all he is the tallest.
A. because B. because of
C. for D. as 4 汉英差异When we got to the top of the
mountain the sun was rising
____ the east.
to B. from
C. in D. at ----She really sings perfectly.
----Yes, I have never heard ______ voice.
A. a good B. a better
C. a best D. the best5 曲折表达解题技巧：一.还原法
题干以省略句，疑问句，被动句，倒装句，强调句或使用从句等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，从而达到加大难度。
例如： 1. To all of you _____ the honor for the success．
A．belongs to B．belong to
C．belongs D．belong 分析：倒装句，还原后为：
The honor for the success belongs to all of you.c 2. Time should be made good use of ___our lessons well. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learns分析：将题干改写为主动句，则为 We should make good use of time ____our lesson well.C 3.——What made her mother so angry? ——____the exam.
A. Because she did not pass B. Her not passing
C. She did not pass D. Because her not passing分析；将题干改写为：____the exam made her mother so angry.B 将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句等还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将多余的部分删除。
解题决窍：二.排除思维定势
利用思维定势的影响来设题，这是最容易让我们上当的题。因为我们背记了许多语法规则，词汇，词的固定搭配和句子结构等，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则，结构和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思是就作出了选择，结果当然出错。
例如： 1.I’m sorry I can’t help _____ the floor of the classroom.
A. sweeping B. swept C. to sweep D. to sweeping
C
3. Do you have any idea of the reason _____ he referred to？
A．that B．where C．why D．when
AA4. –What do think of the plan?
– I feel ____that we ought to give it up at once.
A. strongly B. strong C. stronger D. it strongA2. Madame Curie，for _____ life had once been very hard， was successful later．
A．whom B．which C．whose D．that 正确理解句意，避免定势思维。在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思维定势的干扰。解题决窍：三.克服汉英差异
英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，命题者常利用汉英差异出题。如汉语的“参加”在许多情况下都适用，如参加会议，参加考试，参加解放军等，而在英语中则因不同的宾语用不同的动词，如: take part in the celebration, attend a meeting, join the army, take an exam, join in a discussion 例如：1.– It’s getting late. I'm afraid I must be going now.
- OK. ______ .（2004全国卷）
Ａ．Take it easy B. Go slowly
C. Stay longer D. See youD3. There was once a cruel king _____in the castle.
A. lived B. who lives
C. was living D. living
BD2. The population of China is _____than that of Russia.
A. much more B. much larger
C. many more D. many larger 留心英汉表达差异 ,平时要多读﹑多比较﹑多归纳，尽量避免Chinglish。
解题决窍：四. 注意题干惯性
此种类型的题多以对话形式出现，我们答题往往会借助原题干的动词时态和结构等来判断选项，结果造成错选。
例如：1. －Alice. you feed the bird today, ＿＿＿＿＿ ?
－But I fed it yesterday. (1999全国卷)
A. do you B. will you C. didn‘t you D. don't you2. --You haven't been to Beijing, have you?
--_____.How I wish to go there!
A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven't
C. No, I have D. No, I haven'tBD3.— Has Sam finished his homework today?
—I have no idea. He ______ it this morning.(2004全国卷)
A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had donec
1）补全对话；
2）分清角色。由于这种试题多出现在对话题中，答语往往较简洁，多有省略，拿不准时，应将答语补充完整。另外要分清问答语气不同所使用的情态动词也不同，注意汉英不同习惯的表达。解题决窍：五.区分形近义近词
把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项，若我们基础知识掌握不牢就难于区分。例如： 2. －Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?
－Yes. They have better players, so I＿＿them to win.
A. hope B. prefer C. expect D. wantC1. The films made by Disney ______?all over the world.
? A．are used to show ???? B．are used to showing
? C．used to be shown D．used to show 3. I’d like to buy a house—modern ,comfortable ,and
_______ in a quiet neighborhood.（2004福建）
A．in all B．above all
C．after all D．at allBC 1）明确词意 所选答案要符合句子意思；
2）归纳比较 平时要特别重视收集归纳比较同义词、近义词和相似词的异同，牢记它们的用法。解题诀窍六. 弄清语言环境
命题人在题干中不明确将语言时间或空间背景标示出来，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。例如：1.－Hey, look where you are going?
－Oh, I'm terribly sorry.＿＿＿．
A. I‘m not noticing B. I wasn't noticing
C. I haven‘t noticing D. I don't noticing2. Robert is said _____abroad, but I don't know
what country he studied in. （1999全国卷）
A. to have studied B. to study
C. to be studying D. to have been studyingA3. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he
didn’t’ show up. （2004广西卷）
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived D. should be arrivingAB1）身临其境，揣摩意图 特别是对付考查时态的试题更要将自己置身于所提供的背景之中，同时注意揣摩命题者的意图；
2） 认真分析题干里所隐藏的信息 如前后动词的时态以及那些貌似与题目无关的信息。解题诀窍1． 推敲——体会为主
近几年的高考单项选择题，命题专家精心设计题干，设置选项，是试题测试信度高、区分度好、难度适当的高质量试题。在复习中应对照答案认真推敲，仔细揣摩命题意图、思路，分析语境氛围的各种因素，力求语境氛围有全面清晰通彻的理解，真正领悟出正确答案的真谛所在。常言说“磨刀不误砍柴工”，这有助于提高答题准确率。
2． 运用——实践为主
根据新教材的特点和优势，尽可能在听、说、读、写的技能上多实践以丰富语言经验和语言意识，同时也应该尽可能地充分的利用音、形、图等视听媒介，以强化语言实践的效果。
提高语境选择题解题质量的思考3． 提高----精练为主
单项选择题的语境设计更贴近生活，更注重语言的适用性。因此高考复习应以夯实基础、提高语用能力为前提，不应当将宝贵的时间和精力耗费在浩瀚的题海中。因而，应避免大战题海，必须选择质量好的语境题来精练，达到掌握知识、理解知识和运用知识，提高能力之目的，举一反三进行解题的有序操作，以求收到事半功倍的效果。
Have a try
The car is already full, so there is no _____ for the computer. A. room B. place C. space D. area
Li Lin came ____ in the English—speaking contest. A. the second B. second C. a second D. seconds
We made Tom ____ monitor of our class and ____ monitor of Class 3 is Mike. A. /; a B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the
Lucy, as well as her friends, ____ this book before. A. have read B. has read C. reads D. read
Each boy and each girl____reading attentively in the reading room. A. is found B. are found C. is found to D. are found to
---Look, this pen is nice and it writes well. ---OK, I want to buy _____. A. it B. that C. one D. the one○○○○○○ 7.This is so difficult a question ____ almost no one can answer. A. which B. that C. as D. but 8.Don’t be afraid to ask for help ____ it is needed. A. but B. though C. since D. when 9.---Can I stay in Beijing for a week? - ---No, not that long. Just a _____ of days. A. number B. dozen C. few D. couple 10. With the man ____ us, we finished the work on time. A. helping B. to help C. help D. helped 11. In their opinion, this film is ____ one than the other two. A. the best B. the better C. a best D. a better
12. ---Why didn’t you study medicine? - ---I desired ____ into trade, but later I decided to study English. A. going B. to have gone C. to go D. to going
○○○○○○More practice--- You haven’t been to Beijing, have you?
--- _____. And how I wish to go there again!
Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven’t
C. No, I have D. No, I haven’t
2. Mr. Smith has bought a little house in the country, around ____ some green trees.
which is B. it is
C. which are D. them are
3. I can hardly imagine so pretty a girl like you ______ boxing.
like B. to like C. liking D. to have liked
4. If a book is in English, _____ means slow progress for you.
A. as B. which C. what D. that5. She left and on the table is her message: _____ I’ve gone shopping now and will be back at 10:30.
that B. where C. which D.
6. If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If ____, _____.
not; not B. no; no C. not; no D. no; not
7. You should treat him (in) the way ____ suits him most.
that B. in which C. / D. why
8. ---I can’t find Mr. Morris. Where did you meet him yesterday ?
---It was in the hotel _______ he stayed.
A. where B. which C. that D. the oneGood Luck