语法专题十七 名词性从句
[考点解析]
名词性从句
一． 名词性从句的关联词有三类：
1． 从属连词：that, whether, if
2． 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever
3． 连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however
（1） 从句不缺成分用that 缺成分用what
（2） 其他情况， 句子中缺什么意思就补所需的带wh-的词what, which, whatever， who/whom/whoever/whomever/whose. whether, where, when, how, why, who, whom, whose)。
1） My hope is that she will soon be well again.（表语从句：我的希望是她能很快康复。）
2） Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.（宾语从句：大家都希望她能很快康复。）
2） That she will soon be well again is our hope.（主语从句：她能很快康复是我们的希望。）
4)______he needs is more time.（他需要的是更多的时间）
5)Tell us ______you saw and heard during your visit to that university.
6)This is not ______I want,
7)______some people are against is ______other people are for.
其他情况， 中文缺什么意思就补所需的带wh-的词(whether，where, when, how, why, who, whom, whose), 例如：
I wonder whether he will come in such bad weather.
天气这么糟糕， 不知他是否会来。
Who will give us a lecture is unknown.
谁给我们作报告还不知道。
I have no idea how he learned about it.
我不知道他是怎么得知的。
名词性从句引导词列表：
从属连词that, whether, if 主语从句 That he will come is certain.It is certain that he will come.Whether she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.。 It doesn’t matter too much. Whether/if she’s coming or no 句首不能省略that可以用it做形式主语引导主语从句只用whether用了形式主语可用if 引导主语从句
宾语从句 I think (that) he’ll be all right in a few days.I went in and asked if (whether) they had a cheap suit.It depends on whether he will come . that可以省略if与whether可互换作介词宾语一般用whether
表语从句 The fact is that I have never been there.The question is whether it is worth doing. that一般不省略用whether而不用if
同位语从句 The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of usThey asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. that不能省略用whether而不用if
连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what 主语从句 Who will take his place is unknown.What he said is very important.Which side will win is not clear. 用陈述句语气what相当于先行词+定语从句
宾语从句 I really don’t know what he is doing.Pay attention to what the teacher said.
表语从句 That is what he is worried about.The question is who will come here.The question is which team will win the match.
同位语从句 I had no idea who had stolen the money.I have no idea which team will win.
连接副词where, when, why, how 主语从句 Where she has gone is not known yet.When they will start is not know yet. 必须用陈述句语序。同位语从句的连接词不能省略。
宾语从句 I don’t know where we are going to have the meeting.Please tell me when we shall discuss our work plan.
表语从句 That is where he was born.This is why he is late.
同位语从句 I have no idea when he will come.You have no idea how worried I was.
[高考示例]
【例一】2005 全国
The poor young man is ready to accept ______help he can get.
A. whichever B. however
C. whatever D. whenever
提示： 此题考查名词性从句。 Whatever help“无论什么样的帮助”，其他的不能和help连用。
答案：c
【例二】2004 全国I
You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______I disagree.
A. why B. where C. what D. how
提示： 该题考查where引导的表语从句, where在从句中作地点状语。 A，C，D三项虽能引导名词性从句， 但是这几个连接词在句中所做的成分与句意不符。
答案：B
【例三】2004 全国
--I think it’s going to be a big problem.
--Yes, it could be.
--I wonder ______we can do about it.
A. if B. how C. what D. that
提示：what引导宾语从句并在宾语从句中作及物动词do的宾语。
答案：C
【例四】2004 全国
I like ______in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
提示：it作形式宾语， 代替when引导的宾语从句， A，B，D三项都不能作形式宾语。
答案：C
【例五】
Parents are taught to understand ______important education is to their children’t future.
A. that B. how C. such D. so
提示： 此题考查宾语从句。 题干中的 “______important education is to their children’s future”应理解为education是主语， important是表语， to their children’t future是状语， 故空格处应为how修饰important。 其实宾语从句是一个感叹句。
答案：B
[触类旁通]
1. Your skirt is really splendid, but ______we actually need is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.
A. that B. what C. whether D. how.
2. ______made me more surprised was ______the pickpocket asked my friend to lend him some money and he agreed.
A. What ;that B. That; that
C. What; whether D. It; that
3. What do you think of this suggestion that we ______lunch at the new restaurant
A. will have B. are going to have
C. would have C. have
4. I don’t know the reason ______you were absent from the meeting, but I’m sure that someone will tell me the reason ______you haven’t told me.
A. why; that B. that; why
C. because; which D. of which; that
5. ______made his mother surprised was ______Tom Smith should have been fooled by such a simple trick.
A. What; that B. What; because
C. That; what D. That; because
6. According to Bill Gates, the idea ______we can play video games and receive E-mails without sitting at a keyboard will come true. However, it is unclear ______it will be on sale and ______it will cost.
A. which; that; what B. /; whether; how much
C. that; when; what D. that; that; how much
7. The doctors are trying their best to reduce the people’s fear ______they would be infected by the present disease called SARS.
A. whether B. which C. when D. that
8. Word has come ______in some western countries, demand for graduates from MBA courses has fallen down.
A. that B. while C. when D. as
9. Though Frances congratulates herself on her success she sometimes wonders ______will happen to her private life.
A. it B. what C. which D. that.
10. I think Mother would like to know ______I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send her a quick not.
A. which B. why C. what D. how
答案: 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.C
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名词性从句
戴孟霞
English Grammar
名词性从句
名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。
一．主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.
It is in the morning that the murder took place.
It is John that broke the window.
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
It appears that… 似乎…
(4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句
It is reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
It is said that… 据说…
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：
（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
（2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.
That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.
（3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
That he failed in the examination occurred to him.
（4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.
（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening
Is that will rain in the evening likely
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×
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×
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×
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×
4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
1) What you said yesterday is right.
2) That she is still alive is a consolation.
It is right what you said yesterday.
It is a consolation that she is still alive.
×
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二．宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。
1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如：
I heard that be joined the army.
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：
She did not know what had happened.
I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2. 作介词的宾语，例如：
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. 作形容词的宾语，例如：
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：
anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4. it 可以作为形式宾语
it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month.
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：
I admire their winning the match.
I admire that they won the match.
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×
6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：
He impressed the manager as an honest man.
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.
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×
7. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
三．表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如：
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
四．同位语从句
1. 同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
1.It is important that ______ our education in all available ways.
A. we must develop B. we shall develop
C. we would develop D. we should develop
2.It is necessary that ______ by the end of the week.
A. we got everything ready B. we have got everything ready
C. We get everything ready D. we must get everything ready
3.It was natural that _______.
A. my pictures would surprise them
B. my pictures surprised them
C. my pictures should surprise them
D. my pictures would have surprised them
4.I wonder _______.
A. whether or not I’ll catch the last bus
B. if or not I’ll catch the last bus
C. that I’ll catch the last bus or not
D. that I’ll catch the last bus
5.We all thought ______ a pity that we had missed the lesson.
A. so B. such C. it D. that
6.I took ______ for granted that they were not coming.
A. that B. this C. it D. so
7.I heard ______ said that he had great concern for his classmates.
A. and B. that C. was D. it
8.I wish I ______ to the football match last night.
A. went B. go C. should go D. had gone
