名词性从句总复习[下学期]
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名词性从句总复习
一、名词性从句的意义和种类
在句中相当于一个名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。由于名词通常在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语，所以名词性从句也包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句合同位语从句。
二、引导名词性从句的关联词
从属连词：that, whether, if （纯连词，在从句中不充当任何成分）
疑问代词: what, which, who/whom/whose（在从句中充当成分：主语、宾语、定语等）
疑问副词: when, where, why, how，whenever, wherever等（在从句中充当状语）
复合关系代词：what, whoever, whomever, whosever，whichever (在从句中充当成分：主语、宾语、定语等)
另外，how + 形容词/副词 也可引导名词性从句，如how old, how long, how soon, how far, how fast, how often等, which / what + 名次也可引导名词从句。
三、关联词的选用
1、从句中有何疑问就用相应的疑问词引导从句。
e.g. _where he lives. (她在那儿住)
what she is. (她是干什么的)
I don’t know how old she is. (她多大年纪)
why she hasn’t come yet.(她为什么还没来)
who she is looking for.(她在找谁)
whether she will come tomorrow.(她明天会不会来)
2、从句中无任何疑问时用that引导从句。
e.g. She promised that she would buy me a present for my birthday.
She said that she didn’t know the news.
3、从句中若含有“… …的东西，… …的事情，……的话; ……的”等则需用what引导从句。
e.g. 1)我收回我说的话。 I take back what I said.
2）我在那里看见的与我听到的情况大不一样。
What I saw there was quite different from what I had heard.
最使我吃惊的是他赢得了一等奖。
What surprised me most was that he won the first prize . (what 作从句主语)
4、一个从句只能用一个引导词。找出下列从句中多余的引导词：
1）That whether you’ll succeed depends on how hard you work..
2) She asked me that why I was absent from class yesterday.
3) The giant made a promise that if anybody could set him free from the kettle he would make him king of the earth.
5、no matter + 疑问词 不能引导名词性从句，只能引导让步状语从句。
No matter who breaks the law must be punished. (错)
Whoever (=Anyone who) breaks the law must be punished. (对)
Her father loves her so much that he always gives her whatever she wants. (对)
Her father loves her so much that he always gives her no matter what she wants. (错)
Yao Ming is warmly welcomed wherever he goes. (对)
Yao Ming is warmly welcomed no matter where he goes. (对)
四、须注意的几点
1. if 不能引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
2. 主语是 reason 的表语从句要用 that 引导，而不用 because。
e.g. The reason why he was absent is that he missed his flight.
3．动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句时，其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词；用在肯定句时，连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可，而不用 that。
Do you doubt that he will win 你难道怀疑他将取胜
I don't doubt that your proposition is wrong . 我相信你的建议是错的。
He doubt whether I know it . 他怀疑我知道了此事。
4．在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的that不可以省略。在宾语从句中的that可以省略。
以下句子中，可省略that的有（ ）
1）It is certain that he will succeed.
2）My problem is that I am short of money.
3）They believe that he has left the city.
4）I am glad that you passed the exam.
但是，并列的第二个宾语从句的引导词that不能省略。例如：
5）She said (that) Mr Black was a strict but kind teacher and that they all loved and respected him.(第二个that 不能省略)
5．主语从句常可用It is…that句型改写。 其中It是形式主语，that引导的从句才是真正的主语。
That the earth is round is true.
= It's ture that the earth is round.
6．无论名词性从句中有何疑问，它的语序永远为陈述语序。
Do you know when he will come back 知道他何时回来吗
7．正确掌握名词性从句谓语动词的时态。这是学习和掌握名词性从句的难题之一，在名词性从句中重点是宾语从句谓语动词的时态。
A. 若主句谓语动词为一般现在时和一般将来时，宾语从句的动词可根据句意用它所需要的任何状态。
Will you tell me how you learned English well
告诉我你怎么学好英语的，好吗
I think he'll be back in an hour .
我想一小时后他会来的。
B. 若主句谓语动词是过去时态时，从句中的动词须用过去的相应时态。
I thought they were having lessons .
我想他们正在上课。
She said she had done her homework .
她说她已做完了作业。
Mary said she would help me with my English .
玛丽说她将帮我学英语。
C. 宾语从句表达客观真理，不论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
The teacher told us light travels faster than sound .
老师告诉我们光的速度比声音快。
8. 否定转移问题。在主句为第一人称主语后跟 think , believe , suppose , expect , guess , imagine 等动词时，宾语从句的否定形式应转移到主句中。
We don't expect he will come tonight, will he
9. 名词性从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词用单数。但是如果有两个或两个以上的主语从句并列做主语，则位于用复数。
When you will go to pick the apples hasn't been decided.
Exercises: Choose the correct answer
1. This is _____I mean.
A. it B. that C. which D. what
2. I asked him ____he would go.
A. what B. that C. whom D. if
3. I know _____my teacher is right.
A. which B. what C. who D. that
4. ____he is right is evident.
A. what B. whom C. That D. If
5. I doubt ___it will rain this afternoon.
A. whether B. that C. what D. about
6. I have no doubt ___he will help me this time.
A. if B. that C. whether D. how
7. ____the earth is round is known to everybody
A. Then B. That C. This D. Which
8. He told me the news ____our team had won the game
A. about B. of C. that D. as
9. It makes no difference to me____he will come or not.
A. how B. why C. when D. whether
10. ___is unknown to me.
A. Where he is B. Where is he C. He is where D. Is he where
11. The subject of the sentence "What is interesting is that I do not even know him." is______.
A. what B. interesting C. what is interesting D. I
12. He came here shortly before, so I can't know _____
A. he is good or not B. if he is good
C. how is he D. how did he .
13. ______ I think he is Charles Yang.
A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he is
C. Whom do you think he is D. Who you think he is
14. Do you remember where ____my watch
A. had I put B. have I put C. I have put D. do I put
15. The old man asked Henry_____England nest week.
A. whether will he go B. whether would he go to
c. whether he is going to D. whether he would go to
16. The problem ____overworking all day long impairs his health.
A. is B. that C. which D. is that
17. Jack asked me about myself and wanted to know____.
A. what had I studied English for B. what did I study
C. where had I studied D. where I had studied
18. George ____he could improve his test scores, but he did not have enough time to study.
A. knew to B. knew how C. knew how that D. knew how to
19. I wonder ____is in your mind.
A. what B. if C. whether D. that
20. I wonder how many years ago _____.
A. did your father retire B. your father retired
C. has your father retired D. your father has retired
21. He said that he ______there for 10 years.
A. has worked B. had worked C. worked D. was working
22. ______was once regarded as impossible has come true.
A. Who B. Which C. That D. What
23. _____he will come is certain.
A. What B. That C. Whether D. If
24. I found ____strange _____she had not come yet.
A. it…that B. that…that C. this…/ D it…/
25. He reason for his absence from school was____he fell ill.
A. Because B. Why C. What D. that
26. This is the reason ____I agree to it.
A. whether B. why C. what D. which
27. _____ a pity that we have missed the film.
A. That's B. It's C. What's D. There's
28. The news_____he will go to London is untrue.
A. which B. that C. when D. why
29. The question ____we will hold the sports-meet next Sunday will be decided very soon.
A. that B. whether C. if D. why
30. Everything depends on ___we have enough time.
A. if B. when C. whether D. that
31. We don't know ____to pay a visit to the old town.
A. whether B .if C. that D. which
32. We think it unwise to give a child ______he or she wants.
A. whichever B. whatever C. however D. whenever
33. _______we should study foreign languages is clear.
A. When B. Which C. Why D. What
34. _______I really want to say is that we should study hard.
A. When B. That C. Why D. What
35. We all know ____she is very proud of her son.
A. what B. if C. how D. why
36. We all know ____she is very proud of the great progress her son has made
A. what B. if C. how D. that
37. Does ____matter much ____he can't come to the meeting
A. it; if B. that; if C. it; whether D. this; whether
38. ---Would you like to do it at all
---I'd love to, but the question is ____it is worth doing.
A. if B. whether C. when D. that
39. I have no doubt ___we will complete the project by the year 2000.
A. when B. that C. If D. whether
40. ____I can't understand is ___she is so interested in such matters.
A. What; why B. What; that C. That; why D. That; how
41.A computer can only do ______you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C.what D. when (NMET 2001)
42. ---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---I that _____ you had a few days off
A. where B. when C. what D. why (NMET 1999)
43. It’s generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever (NMET 1997)
44.______we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where (NMET 1996)
45._____ we can’t get seems better than ______we have.
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what (NMET 1996)
46. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _______I disagree.(2004全国卷)
A. why B. where C. what D. how
47. We cannot figure out _______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. (2004北京卷)
A. that B. as C. why D. when
48. A modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago . (2004天津卷)
A. what B. which C. that D. where
49. ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (2004江苏卷)
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
50. I think Father would like to know I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a
quick note. (2004湖南卷)
A. which B. why C. what D. how
51. After Yang Li wei succeeded in circling the carth, _______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. (2004上海卷)
A. where B. what C. that D. how
52. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (2004上海卷)
A. when B. where C. what D. that
53. Why! I have nothing to confess. _______ you want me to say (2004上海卷)
A. What is it that B. What it is that
C. How is it that D. How it is that
54. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ______ he thought was not enough. （2005山东卷）
A. where B. how C. what D. which
55. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ______ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether (2005广东卷)
56. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made.
A. what B. that C. how D. which （2005湖南卷）
57. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be. （2005湖北卷）
A．who B．that C．what D．which
58. The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be________the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (2005江苏卷)
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
59. The poor young man is ready to accept ___________ help he can get. （2005全国卷3）
A．whichever B．however C．whatever D．whenever
60. Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game. （2005全国卷1）
A．why B．what C．who D．that
61. It wasn’t until nearly a month later I received the manager’s reply. （2005全国卷1）
A．since B．when C．as D．that
62. Danby left word with my secretary ____ he would call again in the afternoon. （2005浙江卷）
A．who B．that C．as D．which
63. The old lady’s hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor ______ this shaking had begun half a year before, and _____, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job. （2005重庆卷）
A. when; how B. how; when C. how; how D. why; why
64. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _______it is rough or smooth.
A. 不填 B. whether C. how D. what （2005天津卷）
65. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped. （2005安徽卷）
A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that
66. Do you have any idea ________ is actually going on in the classroom （2005辽宁卷）
A．that B．what C．as D．which
Key:
1 —10: DDDCA BBCDA
11—20: CBACD DDBAB
21—30: BDBAD BBBBC
31—40: ABCDD DABBA
41—50: CDBBA BCADC
51—60: BDACB DACCA
61—66: DBCBAB
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中学英语语法讲与练
一、名词性从句的意义和种类
在句中相当于一个名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。由于名词通常在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语，所以名词性从句也包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句合同位语从句。
二、引导名词性从句的关联词
从属连词：that, whether, if （纯连词，在从句中不充当任何成分）
疑问代词: what, which, who/whom/whose（在从句中充当成分：主语、宾语、定语等）
疑问副词: when, where, why, how，whenever, wherever等（在从句中充当状语）
复合关系代词：what, whoever, whomever, whosever，whichever (在从句中充当成分：主语、宾语、定语等)
另外，how + 形容词/副词 也可引导名词性从句，如how old, how long, how soon, how far, how fast, how often等, which / what + 名次也可引导名词从句。
三、关联词的选用
1、从句中有何疑问就用相应的疑问词引导从句。
e.g. _where he lives. (她在那儿住)
what she is. (她是干什么的)
I don’t know how old she is. (她多大年纪)
why she hasn’t come yet.(她为什么还没来)
who she is looking for.(她在找谁)
whether she will come tomorrow.(她明天会不会来)
2、从句中无任何疑问时用that引导从句。
e.g. She promised that she would buy me a present for my birthday.
She said that she didn’t know the news.
3、从句中若含有“… …的东西，… …的事情，……的话; ……的”等则需用what引导从句。
e.g. 1)我收回我说的话。 I take back what I said.
2）我在那里看见的与我听到的情况大不一样。
What I saw there was quite different from what I had heard.
最使我吃惊的是他赢得了一等奖。
What surprised me most was that he won the first prize . (what 作从句主语)
4、一个从句只能用一个引导词。找出下列从句中多余的引导词：
1）That whether you’ll succeed depends on how hard you work..
2) She asked me that why I was absent from class yesterday.
3) The giant made a promise that if anybody could set him free from the kettle he would make him king of the earth.
5、no matter + 疑问词 不能引导名词性从句，只能引导让步状语从句。
No matter who breaks the law must be punished. (错)
Whoever (=Anyone who) breaks the law must be punished. (对)
Her father loves her so much that he always gives her whatever she wants. (对)
Her father loves her so much that he always gives her no matter what she wants. (错)
Yao Ming is warmly welcomed wherever he goes. (对)
Yao Ming is warmly welcomed no matter where he goes. (对)
四、须注意的几点
1. if 不能引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
2. 主语是 reason 的表语从句要用 that 引导，而不用 because。
e.g. The reason why he was absent is that he missed his flight.
3．动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句时，其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词；用在肯定句时，连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可，而不用 that。
Do you doubt that he will win 你难道怀疑他将取胜
I don't doubt that your proposition is wrong . 我相信你的建议是错的。
He doubt whether I know it . 他怀疑我知道了此事。
4．在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的that不可以省略。在宾语从句中的that可以省略。
以下句子中，可省略that的有（ ）
1）It is certain that he will succeed.
2）My problem is that I am short of money.
3）They believe that he has left the city.
4）I am glad that you passed the exam.
但是，并列的第二个宾语从句的引导词that不能省略。例如：
5）She said (that) Mr Black was a strict but kind teacher and that they all loved and respected him.(第二个that 不能省略)
5．主语从句常可用It is…that句型改写。 其中It是形式主语，that引导的从句才是真正的主语。
That the earth is round is true.
= It's ture that the earth is round.
6．无论名词性从句中有何疑问，它的语序永远为陈述语序。
Do you know when he will come back 知道他何时回来吗
7．正确掌握名词性从句谓语动词的时态。这是学习和掌握名词性从句的难题之一，在名词性从句中重点是宾语从句谓语动词的时态。
A. 若主句谓语动词为一般现在时和一般将来时，宾语从句的动词可根据句意用它所需要的任何状态。
Will you tell me how you learned English well
告诉我你怎么学好英语的，好吗
I think he'll be back in an hour .
我想一小时后他会来的。
B. 若主句谓语动词是过去时态时，从句中的动词须用过去的相应时态。
I thought they were having lessons .
我想他们正在上课。
She said she had done her homework .
她说她已做完了作业。
Mary said she would help me with my English .
玛丽说她将帮我学英语。
C. 宾语从句表达客观真理，不论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
The teacher told us light travels faster than sound .
老师告诉我们光的速度比声音快。
8. 否定转移问题。在主句为第一人称主语后跟 think , believe , suppose , expect , guess , imagine 等动词时，宾语从句的否定形式应转移到主句中。
We don't expect he will come tonight, will he
9. 名词性从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词用单数。但是如果有两个或两个以上的主语从句并列做主语，则位于用复数。
When you will go to pick the apples hasn't been decided.
Exercises: Choose the correct answer
1. This is _____I mean.
A. it B. that C. which D. what
2. I asked him ____he would go.
A. what B. that C. whom D. if
3. I know _____my teacher is right.
A. which B. what C. who D. that
4. ____he is right is evident.
A. what B. whom C. That D. If
5. I doubt ___it will rain this afternoon.
A. whether B. that C. what D. about
6. I have no doubt ___he will help me this time.
A. if B. that C. whether D. how
7. ____the earth is round is known to everybody
A. Then B. That C. This D. Which
8. He told me the news ____our team had won the game
A. about B. of C. that D. as
9. It makes no difference to me____he will come or not.
A. how B. why C. when D. whether
10. ___is unknown to me.
A. Where he is B. Where is he C. He is where D. Is he where
11. The subject of the sentence "What is interesting is that I do not even know him." is______.
A. what B. interesting C. what is interesting D. I
12. He came here shortly before, so I can't know _____
A. he is good or not B. if he is good
C. how is he D. how did he .
13. ______ I think he is Charles Yang.
A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he is
C. Whom do you think he is D. Who you think he is
14. Do you remember where ____my watch
A. had I put B. have I put C. I have put D. do I put
15. The old man asked Henry_____England nest week.
A. whether will he go B. whether would he go to
c. whether he is going to D. whether he would go to
16. The problem ____overworking all day long impairs his health.
A. is B. that C. which D. is that
17. Jack asked me about myself and wanted to know____.
A. what had I studied English for B. what did I study
C. where had I studied D. where I had studied
18. George ____he could improve his test scores, but he did not have enough time to study.
A. knew to B. knew how C. knew how that D. knew how to
19. I wonder ____is in your mind.
A. what B. if C. whether D. that
20. I wonder how many years ago _____.
A. did your father retire B. your father retired
C. has your father retired D. your father has retired
21. He said that he ______there for 10 years.
A. has worked B. had worked C. worked D. was working
22. ______was once regarded as impossible has come true.
A. Who B. Which C. That D. What
23. _____he will come is certain.
A. What B. That C. Whether D. If
24. I found ____strange _____she had not come yet.
A. it…that B. that…that C. this…/ D it…/
25. He reason for his absence from school was____he fell ill.
A. Because B. Why C. What D. that
26. This is the reason ____I agree to it.
A. whether B. why C. what D. which
27. _____ a pity that we have missed the film.
A. That's B. It's C. What's D. There's
28. The news_____he will go to London is untrue.
A. which B. that C. when D. why
29. The question ____we will hold the sports-meet next Sunday will be decided very soon.
A. that B. whether C. if D. why
30. Everything depends on ___we have enough time.
A. if B. when C. whether D. that
31. We don't know ____to pay a visit to the old town.
A. whether B .if C. that D. which
32. We think it unwise to give a child ______he or she wants.
A. whichever B. whatever C. however D. whenever
33. _______we should study foreign languages is clear.
A. When B. Which C. Why D. What
34. _______I really want to say is that we should study hard.
A. When B. That C. Why D. What
35. We all know ____she is very proud of her son.
A. what B. if C. how D. why
36. We all know ____she is very proud of the great progress her son has made
A. what B. if C. how D. that
37. Does ____matter much ____he can't come to the meeting
A. it; if B. that; if C. it; whether D. this; whether
38. ---Would you like to do it at all
---I'd love to, but the question is ____it is worth doing.
A. if B. whether C. when D. that
39. I have no doubt ___we will complete the project by the year 2000.
A. when B. that C. If D. whether
40. ____I can't understand is ___she is so interested in such matters.
A. What; why B. What; that C. That; why D. That; how
41.A computer can only do ______you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C.what D. when (NMET 2001)
42. ---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---I that _____ you had a few days off
A. where B. when C. what D. why (NMET 1999)
43. It’s generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever (NMET 1997)
44.______we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where (NMET 1996)
45._____ we can’t get seems better than ______we have.
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what (NMET 1996)
46. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _______I disagree.(2004全国卷)
A. why B. where C. what D. how
47. We cannot figure out _______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. (2004北京卷)
A. that B. as C. why D. when
48. A modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago . (2004天津卷)
A. what B. which C. that D. where
49. ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (2004江苏卷)
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
50. I think Father would like to know I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a
quick note. (2004湖南卷)
A. which B. why C. what D. how
51. After Yang Li wei succeeded in circling the carth, _______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. (2004上海卷)
A. where B. what C. that D. how
52. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (2004上海卷)
A. when B. where C. what D. that
53. Why! I have nothing to confess. _______ you want me to say (2004上海卷)
A. What is it that B. What it is that
C. How is it that D. How it is that
54. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ______ he thought was not enough. （2005山东卷）
A. where B. how C. what D. which
55. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ______ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether (2005广东卷)
56. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made.
A. what B. that C. how D. which （2005湖南卷）
57. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be. （2005湖北卷）
A．who B．that C．what D．which
58. The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be________the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. (2005江苏卷)
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which
59. The poor young man is ready to accept ___________ help he can get. （2005全国卷3）
A．whichever B．however C．whatever D．whenever
60. Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game. （2005全国卷1）
A．why B．what C．who D．that
61. It wasn’t until nearly a month later I received the manager’s reply. （2005全国卷1）
A．since B．when C．as D．that
62. Danby left word with my secretary ____ he would call again in the afternoon. （2005浙江卷）
A．who B．that C．as D．which
63. The old lady’s hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor ______ this shaking had begun half a year before, and _____, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job. （2005重庆卷）
A. when; how B. how; when C. how; how D. why; why
64. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _______it is rough or smooth.
A. 不填 B. whether C. how D. what （2005天津卷）
65. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly equipped. （2005安徽卷）
A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that
66. Do you have any idea ________ is actually going on in the classroom （2005辽宁卷）
A．that B．what C．as D．which
Key:
1 —10: DDDCA BBCDA
11—20: CBACD DDBAB
21—30: BDBAD BBBBC
31—40: ABCDD DABBA
41—50: CDBBA BCADC
51—60: BDACB DACCA
61—66: DBCBAB
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中学英语语法讲与练