语法专题十五 状语从句
[考点解析]
状语从句
状语从句在句中作状语, 修饰句中的动词, 形容词或副词等. 由从属连词作关联词, 从属连词在从句中不充当句子成分.状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间, 条件, 原因, 让步, 目的, 结果, 方式, 比较, 地点等类型.
1. 时间状语从句
(1). 常用的连词有when, while, before, after, until(till), since, as soon as等
(2). 时间状语从句中一般不用将来时, 若谈论将来的事情, 往往用一般现在时代替, 例如:
I’ll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.
Tom was watching TV while his mother was cooking in the kitchen.
As soon as he finishes the work, he will come to see me.
You must finish your homework before you watch TV.
He has learned English for 3 years since he came here in 1990
I won’t have supper until my mother comes back.
When my cousin came yesterday, I was playing table tennis.
As he grew, he got more knowledge.
While the teacher explained (解释)the text, the students listened carefully and took notes.
(3). when和while都表示 “当……的时候”, 但有区别.
when强调 “特定时间”, 例如:
There was a loud knock at the door when he was just falling asleep.
while表示的时间是一段, 而不是一点, 如:
While he was having supper, he heard someone knock at the door.
while有时还有对比的含义. 如:
While I was reading, he was writing.
2. 原因状语从句
常由because, since, as引导. because表示直接的原因, 着重点在从句, 用于回答why, 语气最强. since一般表示对方已知的, 无须加以说明的既成事实的理由, 全句中心在主句, 语气比because弱, 常译为 “既然”; as表示十分明显的原因, 一般说明因果关系, 着重点在主句, 语气较弱. 常译为 “由于”; for是个并列连词, 只能放在另一个并列分句后面, 表示一种推理或解释, 或用作附加说明, 而不是指理由或原因, 语气最入, 一般不放在句首, 常译成 “因为”. 例如:
We work hard at English because it is very important now.
I can’t go to school because I am ill.
Since you are ill, I’ll go alone,
Since he is very busy, we had better leave him alone.
As it is raining hard, we won’t go hiking.
As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain
3. 条件状语从句
常由if(假如, 如果), no matter(不管)来引导, 例如:
No matter what he says, I won’t believe him.
No matter how hard it is , I will try my best.
如果主句是一般将来时, 从句往往用一般现在时来表示将来. 例如:
If you work hard, you will pass the exam.
4. 结果状语从句
一般由so…that, such…that引导. 例如
It’s such a heavy box that nobody can move it. =It’s so heavy a box that nobody can carry it.
The old woman was so poor that she did not have enough money buy a pair of shoes for her son.
5. 目的状语从句
往往由so that, in order that引导, 例如:
They got up much earlier so that they could arrive there on time.
He set off early in order that he might be in time
6. 比较状语从句
常由as…as, than, not as/so…as等引导. 比较从句部分是省略句, 例如:
I’m taller than he (is)
Science is not as popular as English.
7. 方式状语从句
常用as引导. 例如:
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
入乡随俗.
Do as I say.
照我说的做.
8. 让步状语从句
由though或although等引导, 但不能与but同时连用, 如:
Although she was very weak, she worked as hard as everyone else.
9. 地点状语从句
常用where, wherever引导. 如:
Wherever you go, I will go with you.
[高考示例]
1. I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some ____________.
(NMET 2000)
A.as last B.in case C.once again D.in time
解析：答案为B。句意为“带些钱以防万一”，只能选择in case。引导的条件状语从句，后面省略了I should need it。
2. The WTO can’t live up to its name _________ it doesn’t include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.（NMET 2000）
A.as long as B.while C.if D.even though
解析：答案为C。本题考查状语从句的用法。句意为“假如世贸组织不包括占世界人口五分之一的中国的话，那它就名不副实”。as long as语气过于强烈，while和even though不符合句意。
3、Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up_________I could answer the phone.(NMET 2000)
A.as B.since C.before D.until
解析：答案为C。题意为：半夜里有人打来电话，我没来得及就挂了。but暗示在接话前就挂了。
4.You should try to get a good night’s sleep much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever
解析：答案为A。此题考查连词用法，依据结构However +形/副+主语+谓语。故选A。
5.He speaks English well indeed, but of course not a native speaker.
A. as fluent as B. more fluent than
C. so fluently as D. much fluently than
解析：答案为C。此题考查So adj./adv. As和as adj. / adv. As 用法，前者主要用于否定句，在这里要修饰谓语动词，故选C。
[触类旁通]
1. ---May I have your name
---My name is Robert, ______most of my friends call me Bob for short.
A. then B. instead C. however D. but
2. ______much money his father gave him, Bruce was not satisfied with it and always asked for more.
A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter
3. ______ is mentioned above, it won’t be long before you regret what you have done.
A. Which B. As C. That D. It
4. The Chinese are good at playing table tennis ______the English are interested in football.
A. if B. as C. while D. since
5. In a sports team each player has a clear role, and there few occasions ______members are confused or uncertain of their roles.
A. when B. where C. which D. what
6. Your skirt is really splendid, but ______ we actually need is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.
A. that B. what C. whether D. how
7. I don’t know the reason ______you were absent from the meeting, but I’m sure that someone will tell me the reason ______you haven’t told me.
A. why; that B. that; why C. because; which D. of which; that
8. ---Can you tell me ______
---She is Catherine’s friend from New York.
A. whom is the woman B. who is that woman
C. that woman is who D. who the woman is
9. His friends could not understand why she should give herself so much trouble ______ she had so many children to feed.
A. if B. so C. because D. when
10. Frances must have been asleep at that time last night when her mother came home, ______
A. didn’t she B. wasn’t she C. hasn’t she D. mustn’t she
11. Your article must be sent by e-mail ______it can meet the deadline.
A. or else B. so that C. in case D. until
12. The fire was finally brought under control, but not ______heavy damage had been caused.
A. before B. after C. since D. as
13. We should be able to do the job for you quickly, ______you give us all the necessary information.
A. in case of B. provided that C. or else D. as if
答案: 1.D 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.D 10.B 11.B 12.A 12.B
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Adverbs & Adverbial Clauses
修饰性状语：修饰谓语动词。
评注性状语：修饰整句，表示说话
人的看法或态度。
连接性状语：在句子之间起承接作
用，位于句首。
状语
可以用作状语的有：
1）_____。
Naturally，he was elected director of the and hungry.company.
2）__________。
According to the current law，he will be seriously punished.
3）________________。
The soldiers did what they could to save the villagers from the flood.
副词
介词短语
不定式短语
4）__________。
Greatly encouraged by what the teacher said，the student made up his mind to study harder than ever.
Having got rid of the spy，the man went where the meeting would be held.
5）____________。
The little match girl stood in the snow，cold and hungry.
分词短语
形容词
6）__________。
Trees can be seen here and there on the island.
7）___________。
Even if it is sunny tomorrow，we won't take an outing.
词组
从句
完成下列句子
1.___________（奇怪），she has been absent from school for two days.
2.If_________________（加热到一定温度），solids will turn into liquids.
3.__________________________（从山顶上看），the city looks pretty beautiful.
4.Idioms are_____________________________（比语法难学）.
5.During those days，he was forced to work________________________（从早到晚）.
Strangely
（they are）heated to a certain temperature
Seen from the top of the hill
are more difficult to learn than grammar
from morning till evening
6.They looked at each other，_______________（解决不了这难题）.
7.___________________________（做完了实验之后），he went out for a play.
8._______________________（总而言之），only after you pay efforts can you be successful.
9.However__________________（外面很冷），they still went hunting outside.
10.____________________（为了让别人听懂），he explained what he had said once again.
unable to solve the problem
Having done the experiment
In a word
cold it is outside
To make himself understood
11.__________________（七月十日早上九点），the train started to go back to Nanjing.
12.____________________（很失望），she didn't get through the advanced course.
13.The building is being put up______________（专门为艺术）.
14.__________________________（一般来说），their team is no match against ours.
15.Though_____________________（面临许多困难），they decided to set up a company.
At 9 on the morning of June 10
To her disappointment
specially for art
Generally speaking
faced with many difficulties
The temple is in good state, because it is repaired every two years.
Take your time. Don’t make a decision in a hurry.
To finish the task on time, they worked day and night.
This teaching method has been handed down from generation to generation.
Although they quarrel with each other now and then, they have lived together for over ten years.
I believe that one day my dream will come true.
No matter how difficult it is to study English, I will never give up trying.
Betty hopes she can speak Chinese as a Chinese does.
状语从句
时间状语从句
地点状语从句
条件状语从句
原因状语从句
让步状语从句
比较状语从句
方式状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
一、时间状语从句：when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, no sooner…than…, hardly…when…，every time, each time, the moment /minute/second, immediately
我坐在那儿时，他给我讲了一个有趣的故事。
_________I was sitting there, he told me an interesting story．
他正要离开时，我进了屋子。
I came into the house ___________he was about to leave.
The play ________(go) on until the candles went out.
剧一直演到蜡烛熄灭。
We _______________(begin)our meeting until the chairman came.
我们一直等到主席来才开会。
While
the moment
went
didn’t begin
地点状语从句：where, wherever
有水的地方就有生物。
_________there is water, there are living things.
他们所到之处都受到了热烈的欢迎。
______________they went, they were warmly welcomed.
Where
Wherever
请你判断以下哪个是定语从句, 哪个是地点状语从句。
A．Shall we have a party where we met last Sunday
B．Have you been to the island where there are many monkeys
C．Please put all these books where they used to be.
D．We will go where we are needed most.
状语从句
定语从句
状语从句
状语从句
条件状语从句：if, unless, so（as）long as（只要……）, provided…, providing…, supposing…, on condition that…
只要我们努力工作，我们一定能取得很大进步。
________________we work hard, we are sure to make much progress.
要是我们不能提前通知他，那该怎么办呢？
_______________we can't get him informed in advance, what should we do
只要我完全恢复，就来。
I'll come ______________I am well enough.
So long as
Supposing
provided
原因状语从句：because, as , since, now that
区别：它们表示原因的强弱程度 不同。because最强since次之, as最弱。
如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。在回答why问题或在强调结构中必须用because。。
如果原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其余部分重要，用as或since。since比as稍微正式一些。since常用以述说推断的理由, 常放在句首 。
For引导的句子不是原因状语从句，它连接的两句前后是并列关系,因此，不能放在句首。它所陈述的原因是间接的，常常是推测性的。
Please fill in the blanks with because, since, as or for.
A．It was ________ I like it that I do it.
B． ____ everyone is here, let's begin our meeting.
C. ______I knew he was ill, I didn't call.
D. He must have passed this way, ______here are the footprints.
because
As
for
Since
让步状语从句：though, although, even though, even if, as , no matter what（who, whom, where, when, which）, whatever, whoever, whether… or
even if与even though的区别：
even if一般引导的是把握不大或假设的事情, even though引出的是事实。
____________we achieve great success in our work, we should not be proud.
即使我们在工作中取得了巨大成绩，也不应该自满。
______________he was late, he was not criticized by the teacher．
虽然他晚了, 可他并没有受到老师的批评。
Even if
Even though
比较状语从句要记住几个句型：
A．…as…. as / not so…as…
B．…er than…
C．the more… the more….
D. more… and more…
比较状语从句, 既然它叫从句, that, as 之后就要有主谓成份, 只不过有时谓语动作与前文所述一致, 所以省略了, 但是主语需用主格, 虽然口语中有用宾格的情况。如：
He is taller than me.
比较状语从句要注意比较的两个事物或人应当对等, 否则就没有比较的意义
方式状语从句：as, as if, as though, the way (that)
Please do exactly as your doctor says.
John doesn’t do it the way I do.
He walks as if he were/was drunk.
目的状语从句 : so that , in order that, in case(以防，以免）
The teacher must speak clearly __________his students can/may understand well.
You must be quiet ____________the fish are frightened.
so that
in case
结果状语从句 ：so… that; such(a) … that; so that
He told us such a funny story that we all laughed.
= He told us so _____________ that we all laughed.
funny a story
判断以下句子哪是目的状语从句哪是结果状语从句
We got up early so that we could arrive at the town on time.
We got up so early that we arrived at the town on time.
（目的状语）
（结果状语）
填空：
1．He won't believe it ________ he sees it with his own eyes.
2．Trees must be planted _________ there is a lot of sunlight.
3．___________ Swede was not good at English, he could understand what you were saying.
4．Do what you think is right, _________ they say.
5．Go back _________ you come from.
6．How long is it __________ I saw you last
7．You can go out, ___________ you promise to be back before eleven.
8．The professor told the students to do __________ he did.
9．No one can be more fit for his office ______ he is.
10． ___________ everyone has understood this one, let's change another.
until
where
Though
whatever
where
since
as long as
as
than
Since
1．---- Is your engineering project ready
---- No, and ____ today, I won't pass the course.
A．unless I get finish B．if I got finishing
C．unless I get finished D．if I'm not finished
2． ____ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A．With B．Since C．While D．As
3． ____ the paper, it seems to write itself.
A．Starting B．After starting
C．Having started once D．Once I start
4．You can have these magazines ____ I finish reading them.
A．so that B．Because C．the moment D．Unless
5．The museum will have to close ____ the government agrees to give extra money.
A．until B．If C．when D．Unless
6． ____ you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A．Now that B．After C．Although D．As soon as
7．Why do you want a new job ____ you've got such a good one already
A．that B．where C．which D．When
8．It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
A．that B．until C．before D．when
9．Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially ____ father was away in France.
A．as B．that C．during D．if
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