状语从句精讲[下学期]
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课件40张PPT。Adverbial Clauses
1.Adverbial Clauses of Time:（时间状语从句）
when, while, as, before, after, since, until,
as soon as, every time, each time, the moment, by the time, hardly…when, no sooner…than 等
When , whenever
when指的是“某一具体的时间”。
whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。
1)When he comes here tomorrow,I will call
you. (at the time that)
2)I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind. (during the time that,并列连词)
3)We shall go there whenever we are free.
我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。
II.while
1)While he was walking in the street,
he met Tim.
分词短语:
While walking in the street,he met Tim.
Walking in the street ,he met Tom.
2)He learned to speak English while he was
here.
3)I like tea ,while(然而) she likes coffee.
4)while(虽然,尽管) I have sympathy for them, I think they went too far.III. as (一边...一边,随着）
1)As they were picking tea,the girls were
singing happily.
2) She sang as she worked.
注意: when指的是“某一具体的时间”。
eg: When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.
while指“在某一段时间里”，“在…期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。
eg: I stayed while he was away.
as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。
eg: He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
IV. Before
It won’t be long before he finishes his writing.
2) Be a pupil before you become a teacher.
V. After
1)After he (had) finished his work,he left there.
He (had) finished his work before he left here.After finishing his work,he left here. Having finished his work,he left here. VI. since (from the time that)
1)I have known him ever since he was a boy.
2)I have worked here since I graduated from
the university.
3)It is (has been)two years since he came here.VII. until (till) (up to the time that)
1)He will not go to bed until(till) his
mother comes.
2)Until she told me, I had no idea of what
they had said.
3)It is not until his mother comes home
that he will go to bed.(强调结构） 注意： 如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止”
We waited till (until) he came back .
我们一直等到他回来。
如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直…才”“在…以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until
She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock .
她到11点钟才停止工作。
Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.
她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。
VIII .as soon as
1)As soon as she got home,she began to cook.
On getting home,she began to cook. *IX. every time,each time,the moment
1)Every time/each time I catch a cold,I
have pain in my back.
2)There was an applause the moment (as
soon as) she appeared on the stage.X. by the time
1)By the time he arrived,the train had already gone.
2)By the time he comes,we will already have left.
XI. hardly…when和no sooner…than的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.
我们刚到车站，火车就走了。
特别注意:
在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。
Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.
我每次乘船都晕船。
The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.
我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。
Next time you come ,you’ll see him.
下次你来的时候，就会见到他。
Exercises:
1.They walked out of the room ___the
meeting was over.
2.They must stay in school ____they are
sixteen.
3.Take the medicine ____you go to bed.
4.I knew nothing about it _______he told me.
5.It is more than five years ____we started to
learn English.
6._____he talked on,he got more and more
excited.
7.We should strike ____the iron is hot.
2.Adverbial Clauses of Reason(原因状语从句）
because, since, as,
now that, for
I. because
1)The ship changed its course because there
was a storm.
The ship changed its course because of
the storm.2)Because he was ill,he didn’t go to school.
He was ill ,so he didn’t go to school.Being ill, he didn’t go to school. II.since
1)Since you are ill,you’d better go to see
the doctor.
2)Since you do not understand ,I will
explain again.
III.as
1)As she was late for class,she had to say
sorry.
2)As Jane was the oldest in this family,
she had to look after the others.
IV. now that
1)Now that class is over,let’s go to play
football.
V.for
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
注意区别：
because用来回答why 的问题，语气最强, 一般放在主句之后。
eg: I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.
昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。
since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首。
eg: Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。
as 从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。
eg: As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .
由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。seeing (that), now (that) 和since, as 意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去。
Eg: 1. Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.
鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。
2. Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.
鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。
for 是并列连词,只能放在另一个并列分句前面表示一种推理或解释,用作附加说明,语气最弱,一般不放句首。
Eg: 1. The day breaks, for the birds are singing.
2. You couldn’t have seen him, for he weren’t there.Exercises:
1.The teacher must be strict with you ____
they want you to make great progress.
2.____your father is well again,you no longer
have anything to worry about.
3.The day breaks,_____the birds are singing.
3.Adverbial Clauses of Condition(条件状语从句）
if, unless, as long as(只要 ), on condition that（条件是）,in case(万一）,so far as(就...而论, 在...的范围内)
I.if
1)If he had worked harder,he would have passed
the exam.
2)If you work harder,you will succeed. Work harder, and you will succeed.
Work harder,or you won’t succeed.Working harder,you will succeed.II.unless
1)We can’t write to Mary unless she tells us
her address.
We can’t write to Mary if she doesn’t tell us
her address.
*III.as long as(只要 )
1)I will never give up learning as long as I live.
2)You may borrow the book as long as you
keep it clean. *IV.on condition that（条件是）
We’ll let you use the room on condition that
you keep it tidy.*V.in case(万一）
You’d better take your raincoat with you in case
it rains.* VI. So far as
So far as I know, the book will be published next month.
据我所知，那本书下月出版。
特别注意:
条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。
Eg:1.So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.
只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。
2.In case I forget, please remind me about it .
万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。
3.So far as I know, the book will be published next month.
据我所知，那本书下月出版。
4.Adverbial Clauses of Place (地点状语从句） where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。
Eg: 1. Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
2. Where there is water there is life.
哪里有水，哪里就有生命。
3. You are free to go wherever you like.
你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。
4. Wherever you go, you must obey the law.
无论你去哪都要遵守法律。
5.Adverbial Clauses of Purpose (目的状语从句）
so that /in order that/lest = for fear that
eg: They set out early so that (in order that) they
might arrive there in time. Eg: 1.They set out early in order to( so as to)
arrive there in time.
2.Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.
多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。
6.Adverbial Clauses of Result（结果状语从句） so…that…; such…that…; so that; so;
1) It is so good a story that I’ll never forget it.
It is such a good story that I’ll never forget it.
such + adj.+名词 +that clause
so +adj./adv. +that clause
但是：
so + many/few + 复数名词 +that clause
much/little+不可数名词
Eg: I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.
( little 表示小而不表示数量时，仍用such.)
Eg: They’re such little children that they can’t clean the room by themselves.7.Adverbial Clauses of Comparison
（比较状语从句）
as…as, not as(so)…as,
more/-er…than, less…than
1)He doesn’t work so hard as you do.
2)There is as much ink in bottle A as in bottle B.
3)The more you worry,the less you’ll succeed.
4) Gold is much heavier than any other metal.
8.Adverbial Clauses of Concession
(让步状语从句）
as, though, even though, no matter (who, what ,when, where ,which, how)…, whatever ,whoever ,whenever, however,
Whichever等
1)Although(Though) he is old ,he works hard.
=He is old, but he works hard.
*2)Even though (even if) you say so, I don’t
believe it. (即使 )*3). as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用
though或although引导的从句语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，须将作表语的a.或n.（n.前不用冠词）放在句首，语序部分倒装。
Eg: 1.Child as he is , he knows a lot .
虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。
2.Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,) the children play outdoors.
虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。
4).Whenever(No matter when) you come to
our country,you will be warmly welcomed.
5).Wherever(No matter where) he goes,he always
brings two bodyguards with him.
9.Adverb Clauses of Manner(方式状语从句 )
As, just as, as if… , as though
1) You must try to do as I did.
2)Let’s do as Mrs. Li teaches us.
*3)He talks as if he knew all about it. (好象 )Exercises:Fill in the blank with a conjunction.
(where, unless, if, as, such…that, even though , as if, now that)
1.A driver should slow down ___the
roads are narrow.
2.___you mail the letter today, it won’t arrive
there.
3.___he has time,he will come and see us later.
4.Tom made __great progress ___his headmaster praised him at the school meeting.
5.___his father knew what he had done, the boy was going to be in trouble.
6.We will stay a little longer ___it is very late.7.She pretended to laugh loudly ___the story
were very funny.
8.Poor ___his English was,yet Mr.Li made
himself understood in England.
9.You should do ___your parents ask you to do.Bye-Bye !
1.Adverbial Clauses of Time:（时间状语从句）
when, while, as, before, after, since, until,
as soon as, every time, each time, the moment, by the time, hardly…when, no sooner…than 等
When , whenever
when指的是“某一具体的时间”。
whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。
1)When he comes here tomorrow,I will call
you. (at the time that)
2)I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind. (during the time that,并列连词)
3)We shall go there whenever we are free.
我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。
II.while
1)While he was walking in the street,
he met Tim.
分词短语:
While walking in the street,he met Tim.
Walking in the street ,he met Tom.
2)He learned to speak English while he was
here.
3)I like tea ,while(然而) she likes coffee.
4)while(虽然,尽管) I have sympathy for them, I think they went too far.III. as (一边...一边,随着）
1)As they were picking tea,the girls were
singing happily.
2) She sang as she worked.
注意: when指的是“某一具体的时间”。
eg: When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.
while指“在某一段时间里”，“在…期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。
eg: I stayed while he was away.
as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。
eg: He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
IV. Before
It won’t be long before he finishes his writing.
2) Be a pupil before you become a teacher.
V. After
1)After he (had) finished his work,he left there.
He (had) finished his work before he left here.After finishing his work,he left here. Having finished his work,he left here. VI. since (from the time that)
1)I have known him ever since he was a boy.
2)I have worked here since I graduated from
the university.
3)It is (has been)two years since he came here.VII. until (till) (up to the time that)
1)He will not go to bed until(till) his
mother comes.
2)Until she told me, I had no idea of what
they had said.
3)It is not until his mother comes home
that he will go to bed.(强调结构） 注意： 如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止”
We waited till (until) he came back .
我们一直等到他回来。
如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直…才”“在…以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until
She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock .
她到11点钟才停止工作。
Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.
她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。
VIII .as soon as
1)As soon as she got home,she began to cook.
On getting home,she began to cook. *IX. every time,each time,the moment
1)Every time/each time I catch a cold,I
have pain in my back.
2)There was an applause the moment (as
soon as) she appeared on the stage.X. by the time
1)By the time he arrived,the train had already gone.
2)By the time he comes,we will already have left.
XI. hardly…when和no sooner…than的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.
我们刚到车站，火车就走了。
特别注意:
在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。
Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.
我每次乘船都晕船。
The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.
我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。
Next time you come ,you’ll see him.
下次你来的时候，就会见到他。
Exercises:
1.They walked out of the room ___the
meeting was over.
2.They must stay in school ____they are
sixteen.
3.Take the medicine ____you go to bed.
4.I knew nothing about it _______he told me.
5.It is more than five years ____we started to
learn English.
6._____he talked on,he got more and more
excited.
7.We should strike ____the iron is hot.
2.Adverbial Clauses of Reason(原因状语从句）
because, since, as,
now that, for
I. because
1)The ship changed its course because there
was a storm.
The ship changed its course because of
the storm.2)Because he was ill,he didn’t go to school.
He was ill ,so he didn’t go to school.Being ill, he didn’t go to school. II.since
1)Since you are ill,you’d better go to see
the doctor.
2)Since you do not understand ,I will
explain again.
III.as
1)As she was late for class,she had to say
sorry.
2)As Jane was the oldest in this family,
she had to look after the others.
IV. now that
1)Now that class is over,let’s go to play
football.
V.for
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
注意区别：
because用来回答why 的问题，语气最强, 一般放在主句之后。
eg: I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.
昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。
since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首。
eg: Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。
as 从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。
eg: As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .
由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。seeing (that), now (that) 和since, as 意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去。
Eg: 1. Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.
鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。
2. Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.
鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。
for 是并列连词,只能放在另一个并列分句前面表示一种推理或解释,用作附加说明,语气最弱,一般不放句首。
Eg: 1. The day breaks, for the birds are singing.
2. You couldn’t have seen him, for he weren’t there.Exercises:
1.The teacher must be strict with you ____
they want you to make great progress.
2.____your father is well again,you no longer
have anything to worry about.
3.The day breaks,_____the birds are singing.
3.Adverbial Clauses of Condition(条件状语从句）
if, unless, as long as(只要 ), on condition that（条件是）,in case(万一）,so far as(就...而论, 在...的范围内)
I.if
1)If he had worked harder,he would have passed
the exam.
2)If you work harder,you will succeed. Work harder, and you will succeed.
Work harder,or you won’t succeed.Working harder,you will succeed.II.unless
1)We can’t write to Mary unless she tells us
her address.
We can’t write to Mary if she doesn’t tell us
her address.
*III.as long as(只要 )
1)I will never give up learning as long as I live.
2)You may borrow the book as long as you
keep it clean. *IV.on condition that（条件是）
We’ll let you use the room on condition that
you keep it tidy.*V.in case(万一）
You’d better take your raincoat with you in case
it rains.* VI. So far as
So far as I know, the book will be published next month.
据我所知，那本书下月出版。
特别注意:
条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。
Eg:1.So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.
只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。
2.In case I forget, please remind me about it .
万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。
3.So far as I know, the book will be published next month.
据我所知，那本书下月出版。
4.Adverbial Clauses of Place (地点状语从句） where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。
Eg: 1. Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
2. Where there is water there is life.
哪里有水，哪里就有生命。
3. You are free to go wherever you like.
你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。
4. Wherever you go, you must obey the law.
无论你去哪都要遵守法律。
5.Adverbial Clauses of Purpose (目的状语从句）
so that /in order that/lest = for fear that
eg: They set out early so that (in order that) they
might arrive there in time. Eg: 1.They set out early in order to( so as to)
arrive there in time.
2.Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.
多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。
6.Adverbial Clauses of Result（结果状语从句） so…that…; such…that…; so that; so;
1) It is so good a story that I’ll never forget it.
It is such a good story that I’ll never forget it.
such + adj.+名词 +that clause
so +adj./adv. +that clause
但是：
so + many/few + 复数名词 +that clause
much/little+不可数名词
Eg: I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.
( little 表示小而不表示数量时，仍用such.)
Eg: They’re such little children that they can’t clean the room by themselves.7.Adverbial Clauses of Comparison
（比较状语从句）
as…as, not as(so)…as,
more/-er…than, less…than
1)He doesn’t work so hard as you do.
2)There is as much ink in bottle A as in bottle B.
3)The more you worry,the less you’ll succeed.
4) Gold is much heavier than any other metal.
8.Adverbial Clauses of Concession
(让步状语从句）
as, though, even though, no matter (who, what ,when, where ,which, how)…, whatever ,whoever ,whenever, however,
Whichever等
1)Although(Though) he is old ,he works hard.
=He is old, but he works hard.
*2)Even though (even if) you say so, I don’t
believe it. (即使 )*3). as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用
though或although引导的从句语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，须将作表语的a.或n.（n.前不用冠词）放在句首，语序部分倒装。
Eg: 1.Child as he is , he knows a lot .
虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。
2.Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,) the children play outdoors.
虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。
4).Whenever(No matter when) you come to
our country,you will be warmly welcomed.
5).Wherever(No matter where) he goes,he always
brings two bodyguards with him.
9.Adverb Clauses of Manner(方式状语从句 )
As, just as, as if… , as though
1) You must try to do as I did.
2)Let’s do as Mrs. Li teaches us.
*3)He talks as if he knew all about it. (好象 )Exercises:Fill in the blank with a conjunction.
(where, unless, if, as, such…that, even though , as if, now that)
1.A driver should slow down ___the
roads are narrow.
2.___you mail the letter today, it won’t arrive
there.
3.___he has time,he will come and see us later.
4.Tom made __great progress ___his headmaster praised him at the school meeting.
5.___his father knew what he had done, the boy was going to be in trouble.
6.We will stay a little longer ___it is very late.7.She pretended to laugh loudly ___the story
were very funny.
8.Poor ___his English was,yet Mr.Li made
himself understood in England.
9.You should do ___your parents ask you to do.Bye-Bye !